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BLoom Taxonomy

Bloom's Taxonomy identifies six levels of cognitive development, from the lowest order of simple recall to the highest order of evaluation. The six levels are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Each level represents increasingly complex intellectual behaviors and critical thinking skills, moving from remembering facts to judging the value of ideas.

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68 views2 pages

BLoom Taxonomy

Bloom's Taxonomy identifies six levels of cognitive development, from the lowest order of simple recall to the highest order of evaluation. The six levels are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Each level represents increasingly complex intellectual behaviors and critical thinking skills, moving from remembering facts to judging the value of ideas.

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marj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bloom's Taxonomy of Cognitive Development

Bloom identified six levels within the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition
of facts, as the lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels,
to the highest order which is classified as evaluation. A description of the six levels as well as
verb examples that represent intellectual activity are listed here.

Knowledge is defined as
remembering of previously learned material.
This may involve the recall of a wide range of
material, from specific facts to complete
theories, but all that is required is the bringing
to mind of the appropriate information.
Knowledge represents the lowest level of
learning outcomes in the cognitive domain.

Verbs: arrange, define, duplicate, label, list,


memorize, name, order, recognize, relate,
recall, repeat, reproduce state.

Comprehension is defined as the ability to grasp the meaning of material. This


may be shown by translating material from one form to another (words to numbers), by
interpreting material (explaining or summarizing), and by estimating furture trends
(predicting consequences or effects). These learning outcomes go one step beyond the simple
remembering of material, and represent the lowest level of understanding.

Verbs: classify, describe, discuss, explain, express, identify, indicate, locate, recognize,
report, restate, review, select, translate.

Application refers to the ability to use learned material in new and concrete
situations. This may include the application of such things as rules, methods, concepts,
principles, laws, and theories. Learning outcomes in this area require a higher level of
understanding than those under comprehension.

Verbs: apply, choose, demonstrate, dramatize, employ, illustrate, interpret, operate,


practice, schedule, sketch, solve, use, write.

Analysis refers to the ability to break down material into its component parts so that
its organizational structure may be understood. This may include the identification of the
parts, analysis of the relationships between parts, and recognition of the organizational
principles involved. Learning outcomes here represent a higher intellectual level than
comprehension and application becasue they require an understanding of both the content
and the structural form of the material.

Verbs: analyze, appraise, calculate, categorize, compare, contrast, criticize, differentiate,


discriminate, distinguish, examine, experiment, question, test.
Synthesis refers to the ability to put parts together to form a new whole. This may
involve the production of a unique communication (theme or speech), a plan of operations
(research proposal), or a set of abstract relations (scheme for classifying information).
Learning outcomes in this area stress creative behaviors, with major emphasis on the
formulation of new patterns or structures.

Verbs: arrange, assemble, collect, compose, construct, create, design, develop, formulate,
manage, organize, plan, prepare, propose, set up, write.

Evaluation is concerned with the ability to judge the value of material (statement,
novel, poem, research report) for a given purpose. The judgements are to be based on definite
criteria. These may be internal criteria (organization) or external criteria (relevance to the
purpose) and the student may determine the criteria or be given them. Learning outcomes in
this area are highest in the cognitive hierarchy because they contain elements of all the other
categories, plus conscious value judgements based on clearly defined criteria.

Verbs: appraise, argue, assess, attach, choose compare, defend estimate, judge, predict,
rate, core, select, support, value, evaluate.

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