Purposive Communication Communication Principles

 Know your audience.

 Know your purpose.
Introduction
 Know your topic.
 The term communication is derived from the latin word
 Anticipate objections.
communis, meaning common.
 Present a rounded picture.
 In general, communication refers to the reciprocal
 Achieve credibility with your audience.
exchange of information, ideas, facts, opinions, beliefs,
 Follow through on what you say.
feelings & attitudes through verbal or nonverbal means
 Communicate a little at a time.
between two people or within a group of people.
 Present information in several ways.
 Develop a practical, useful way to get feedback.
Definition of Communication
 Use multiple communication techniques.
 Communication is a process by which information is
exchanged between individuals through a common system
Gender Bias Language or Sexist Language
of symbols & signs of behavior. - Webster’s Dictionary
 Gender bias and sexism are embedded in the grammatical
 Communication is interchange of thoughts, opinions or
structure of most languages and therefore are perceived
information by speech, writing or signs. - Robert Andersion
to be normative
 The term "biased language" refers to words and phrases
Meaning of Communication
that are considered prejudiced, offensive, and hurtful.
 A process through which individuals mutually exchange
Biased language includes expressions that demean or
their ideas, values, thoughts, feeling & actions with one or
exclude people because of age, sex, race, ethnicity, social
more people.
class, or physical or mental traits.
 The transfer of information from the sender to the
receiver so that it is understood in the right context.
Gender Neutral Language
 The process of initiating, transmitting & receiving
 Gender-neutral language or gender-inclusive language is
information.
language that avoids bias towards a particular sex or social
 The means of making the transfer of information
gender.
productive & goal oriented.
 this includes use of nouns that are not gender-specific to
 The process of sharing information, ideas & attitudes
refer to roles or professions, as well as avoidance of the
between individual.
pronouns he, him and his to refer to people of unknown or
indeterminate gender.
Process of Communication
 Refers to the transmission or passage of information or
Multicultural Settings or Context
message from the sender through a selected channel to
 The definition of multicultural is something that
the receiver overcoming barriers that affect its pace.
incorporates ideas, beliefs or people from many different
countries and cultural backgrounds. When people of
Elements of Communication
different cultures come together to celebrate and share
 Sender – laid by the person who transmits or sends the
their different traditions this is an example of a
message
multicultural celebration.
 Message – conveyed by words as in speech and write-ups,
signs, pictures or symbols
Stages of Intercultural Sensitivity
 Encoding – targeted message into appropriate medium
 Denial – you denied the culture
which may be verbal or non-verbal depending upon the
 Defense – you are slowly accepting the culture; overlaps
situation, time, space and nature of the message to be
also the minimization
sent.
 Minimization – you don’t use it; often the most difficult to
 Channel – refers to the way or mode the message flows or
move from because people at this stage think that they are
is transmitted through.
doing okay
 Receiver – person or group who the message is meant for.
 Decoding – refers to interpreting or converting the sent
 Acceptance – you accept; you acknowledge that such
message into intelligible language
culture exist
 Feedback – refers to the response of the receiver as to the
 Adaptation – you will be using it; supporting them
message sent to him/her by the sender.
 Integration – you will be teaching others; transfer
Communication Ethics
Guidelines in Communicating into a multi-cultural context
 Is the notion that an individual's or group's behaviour are
 Avoid asking inappropriate or personal questions
governed by their morals which in turn affects
 Avoid Stereotyping
communication.
 Avoid using gender bias language
 Correct Balance in Listening and Speaking
 Develop intercultural communication skills (you have to
 Degree of critism and praise
learn diff. language)
 Legitimacy of fear and emotional appeal
 Simplyfying the message/ Asking for repeation
 Learn and observe physical distance
Four Types of Communication
1. Intrapersonal – communicating to yourself
2. Interpersonal – communicating with others
3. Public Communication – seminars, lectures, etc. r.m.m.a.
4. Mass Communication – through the use of technology
Qualities of a Critical Leader Connected, but alone? by Sherry Turkle
 Must ask question 1. The idea that we would use what we learned in the virtual
 Re-read world about ourselves/identity to live better lives in the
 Annotate real world was the hope back in 1996
 Differentiate facts from opinions 2. [Fast forward to current times] We’re letting it
 Use different lenses or perspective [technology] take us places that we don’t want to go.
 Compare, graphic organizing, taking down notes 3. Our little devices are so psychologically powerful that they
not only change what we do, they change who we are.
Characteristics of a Critical Leader 4. Being together while not being together.
 Must ask question 5. It matters because we are setting ourselves up for trouble
 Not afraid to spend time for how we relate to each other and ourselves, self-
 Remembering reflection
 Understanding 6. People want to customize their lives, be wherever they
want to be at all times, escape
General Guidelines in Evaluating Images 7. Hiding from each other even when we’re connected to
1. Source each other
2. Context (situation, time, place) 8. Goldilocks Effect: not too close, not too far,…. just right
3. Contents 9. People are afraid of conversation because it’s in real time
 Is the image clear and you can’t control what you say, you can’t
 What elements supports the image edit/delete/retouch
 What feelings does the image evoke 10. Human relationships are rich and messy and demanding,
 How do others see the image and we clean them up with technology. When we do, we
4. Audience sacrifice conversation for mere connection.
5. Author 11. Sips DO NOT add up to a gulp. The small messages don’t
work for really getting to know each other.
Roles of Images in Communication 12. Siri will become more like a best friend, someone who will
 Visual communication is one of the most effective ways of listen when others won’t.
sending information. The main reason lies in the cognitive 13. “No one is listening to me”-very important in our
function of the human brain. Nowadays, images and relationships with technology, why it’s so appealing, so
graphics have flooded the advertising field because of the many automatic listeners.
effectiveness of visual communication. The mind 14. People experience pretend empathy as if it were the real
remembers images faster than words or texts. thing.
15. We expect more from technology, and less from each
Power of Image in Conveying Messages other
 A powerful image is one that looks real. Remember, you 16. Technology appeals to us most when we are most
are trying to evoke an emotion — a genuine feeling in the vulnerable
viewer that connects them to the photograph. You want 17. We’re lonely but we’re afraid of intimacy
your viewer to mentally put themselves in the photograph, 18. Designing technologies with the illusion of companionship
or at least, feel like they are in the same space as they without the debts of friendship
view it. 19. 1)We can put our attention wherever we want it to be 2)
we will always be heard 3) we will never have to be alone
20. Being alone feels like a problem that needs to be solved.
Negative Side of Technology by Jo Alipio 21. I share therefore I am
a. Cursing – seems to be normal to youth; they see social 22. I want to have a feeling, I NEED to send a text
media as an outlet to express their idea or emotions. 23. If we don’t have connection, we don’t feel ourselves
b. Manner of Clothing – choice of clothing is way different on 24. Setting ourselves up for isolation
the manner of clothing of their patents; appropriacy is 25. Solitude is where you find yourself, so you can reach out to
needed. find other people and make a connection
c. Cyber Bullying – easily persuaded on what they see online 26. If we don’t teach our children how to be alone, they’re
only going to know how to be lonely.
 Huge impacts to youth nowadays 27. We are smitten with technology, and we are afraid like
 Even the president of the country cursing online or in the young lovers that too much talking might ruin the
television romance.
 Children nowadays are very different 28. Time to talk. Develop a more self aware relationship with
 Technology also provide avenue to express their feelings them, with each other, and with ourselves
 What you see, what you hear don’t believe it 29. Start seeing solitude as a good thing.
 We are easily persuaded 30. We all need to learn to really listen to each other, inkling
 Society changes, where are we heading? the boring bits.
 “you can never judge individual and generalize all 31. When we stumble we reveal ourselves to each other.
32. Our fantasies of substitution have cost us
33. Focus on the many ways technology can lead us back to
our real lives our own bodies our own lives our own
communities, politics, planet. They all need us.

r.m.m.a.