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Introduction To Conic Sections and Circles: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

This document introduces circles and conic sections. It defines a circle as the locus of all points equidistant from a fixed point, known as the center. The standard equation of a circle with center (h,k) and radius r is given as (x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2. Examples are provided of writing the equation of a circle given the center and radius or given a diameter. The general equation of a circle is provided as x^2 + y^2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0, and the conditions for this equation to represent a circle, single point, or empty set are outlined.

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Kaneki Ken
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78 views10 pages

Introduction To Conic Sections and Circles: Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

This document introduces circles and conic sections. It defines a circle as the locus of all points equidistant from a fixed point, known as the center. The standard equation of a circle with center (h,k) and radius r is given as (x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2. Examples are provided of writing the equation of a circle given the center and radius or given a diameter. The general equation of a circle is provided as x^2 + y^2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0, and the conditions for this equation to represent a circle, single point, or empty set are outlined.

Uploaded by

Kaneki Ken
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

TO
CONIC SECTIONS AND CIRCLES

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS


Learning Objectives
1. illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola,
ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and degenerate cases
2. define a circle
3. determine the equation of a circle in standard form
4. sketch a circle in a rectangular coordinate system

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS


Recall
Given two distinct points P(X", Y" ) and Q(X% , Y% )

Slope of segment PQ
Y" − Y%
X" − X %
Distance between P and Q
(X" − X% )% +(Y" − Y% )%

Midpoint of segment PQ
X" + X% Y" + Y%
,
2 2

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS


Conic Sections

Hyperbola Parabola Ellipse

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS


Circles
locus of all points in the plane
having the same fixed positive distance, from a fixed point
radius center

Equation of a Circle in Standard Form


with center C(h,k) and r > 0
! − # $ + & − ' $ = )$

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS


Find an equation of the circle with the following conditions:
1. Center is at C(2,-5) and radius is 3:
!−# # + %+& # =(

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS


Find an equation of the circle with the following conditions:

2. Has a diameter whose endpoints are A(3,4) and B(-3,12)


Center of the circle is midpoint of AB:
3 − 3 4 + 12
, = 0,8
2 2
Radius of the circle is half the diameter:
1 36 + 64
(3 + 3)- +(4 − 12)- = =5
2 2
Thus, the equation of the circle is:
0 1 + 2 − 3 1 = 14

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS


SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS
Equation of a Circle in General Form
x " + y " + Dx + Ey + F = 0

Example: Sketch the graph of x " + y " + 10x – 2y = 55


Transform the equation into center-radius form:
x" + 10x + 5" + y " − 2y + 1" = 55 + 25 + 1
. + / 0 + 1 − 2 0 = 32

C(-5,1)
radius: 9

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS


Determining When an Equation
Yields a Circle
The graph of the equation x " + y " + Dx + Ey + F = 0
*+ -
1. the circle centered at ,
" "

+. /-. *01
with radius
0
if D" + E" − 4F > 0
*+ -
2. the single point , if D" + E " − 4F = 0
" "
" "
3. the empty set if D + E − 4F < 0

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

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