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Laser

The document contains a 40 question quiz about lasers and holography. It covers topics like the definition of LASER, properties of lasers like coherence and population inversion, examples of different types of lasers like Ruby, He-Ne, and semiconductor lasers, the basic principle of stimulated emission, and concepts in holography like recording both phase and intensity and each part of the hologram containing information about the entire object.

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Shubhankar Khandai
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491 views6 pages

Laser

The document contains a 40 question quiz about lasers and holography. It covers topics like the definition of LASER, properties of lasers like coherence and population inversion, examples of different types of lasers like Ruby, He-Ne, and semiconductor lasers, the basic principle of stimulated emission, and concepts in holography like recording both phase and intensity and each part of the hologram containing information about the entire object.

Uploaded by

Shubhankar Khandai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-2

LASERS
1. Laser is short form of:
(a) Light absorption stimulated emission radiation
(b) Light absorption by stimulated emission of radiation
(c) Light amplification by stimulated emission radiation
(d) Light amplification by spontaneous emission of radiation

2. What does the acronym MASER stand for?


(a) Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
(b) Molecular Absorption by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
(c) Microwave Absorption by spontaneous emission of radiation
(d) Microwave Amplification by Spontaneous Emission of Radiation

3. What determines the color of light?


(a) its intensity
(b) its wavelength
(c) its source
(d) its polarization

4. The basic principle of the LASER is :


(a) Stimulated absorption
(b) Stimulated emission
(c) Spontaneous absorption
(d) Spontaneous emission

5. In the following, which is not the property of a laser :


(a) Intensity
(b) Directional
(c) Coherence
(d) Incoherence

6. In the population inversion :


(a) Number of electrons in ground and higher energy state are same.
(b) Number of electrons in ground energy state is more than the higher state.
(c) Number of electrons in higher energy state is more than the ground state.
(d) None of these.

7. Which of the following is not a laser property?


(a) Coherence
(b) Highly directional
(c) Extremely brightness
(d) Divergence
8. Which of the following is an example of optical pumping?
a) Ruby laser b) Helium-Neon laser c) Semiconductor laser d) Dye laser

9. Calculate the wavelength of radiation emitted by an LED made up of a semiconducting


material with band gap energy 2.8eV.
a) 2.8 Å b) 4.3308 Å c) 5548.4 Å d) 4430.8 Å

10. What is the need to achieve population inversion?


a) To excite most of the atoms b) To bring most of the atoms to ground state
c) To achieve stable condition d) To reduce the time of production of laser

11. Wavelength of He-Ne laser is


a. 6928 A0 b. 6428 A0 c. 6328 A0 d. 6398 A0

12. Wavelength of Ruby laser is


a. 6943 A0 b. 6328 A0 c. 10640 A0 d. 5890 A0

13. Pumping source preferred for gaseous lasers is


(a) Optical pumping (b) Electrical pumping
(c) Chemical pumping (d) X-Ray pumping

14. Which scientist first came up with the idea of stimulated emission?
a) Alexander Graham Bell
b) Isaac Newton
c) Arthur Schawlow
d) Albert Einstein

15. The wavelength of Nd-YAG laser is


(a) 10640 A0
(b) 9643 A0
(c) 8323 A0
(d) None of these

16. YAG stands for


(a) Yttrium Aluminium Garnet
(b) Yerredium Aluminium Garnet
(c) Ytrrium Alkaline garnet
(d) None of these

17. The active centers in Ruby and Nd-YAG laser are respectively
(a) He-Ne atoms
(b) Nd3+ ions and Cr3+ ions
(c) Cr3+ ions and Nd3+ ions
(d) None of these

18. What type of laser is used in CD and DVD players?


a) Semiconductor
b) YAG
c) Alexandrite
d) CO2 laser

19. Which of the following formula correctly describes the population of energy levels at any
given temperature T
𝑛
(a) 𝑛𝑢 = exp⁡(Δ𝐸/𝑘𝑇)
𝑙
𝑛𝑢
(b) = exp⁡(ℎ𝜈/𝑘𝑇)
𝑛𝑙
𝑛𝑢
(c) = exp⁡(−Δ𝐸/𝑘𝑇)
𝑛𝑙
(d) None of these

20. The ratio of Einstein’s coefficients is


𝐵 8𝜋ℎ𝜈 3
(a) =
𝐴 𝑐3
𝐴 8𝜋ℎ𝜈 3
(b) =
𝐵 𝑐3
𝐴 1
(c) = ℎ𝜈 ⁡
𝐵 (exp( )−1)
𝑘𝑇
(d) None of these

21. Holography records


(a) Only intensity
(b) Both phase and intensity (square of the amplitude)
(c) Only phase
(d) None of these

22. A laser transition is


a. Collisional transition
b. Radiative transition
c. Thermal radiation
d. None of these

23. Which of the following is non-Radiative transition


a. Stimulated absorption
b. Collisional transition
c. Spontaneous emission
d. Stimulated emission

24. In a system of three energy levels A, B, C have energies 0.5 eV, 1.2 eV, and 2.6 eV
respectively. The excitation from the lower level B to the upper level C can be done by a
photon having energy
a. 1.2 eV
b. 2.6 eV
c. 1.4 eV
d. 2.1 eV

25. In He-Ne laser, the most favorable ratio of the helium to neon for satisfactory laser action
is
a. 1:4
b. 4:1
c. 1:7
d. 7:1

26. Hologram is a consequence of


a. Interference of object and reference beam
b. Polarization of object and reference beam
c. Diffraction of object and reference beam
d. None of these

27. The information carrying capacity of a hologram is


a. Less than an ordinary photograph
b. Equal to an ordinary photograph
c. More than an ordinary photograph
d. None of these

28. Each part of the hologram contains information about


a. Particular part of the object
b. Entire object
c. Important parts of the object
d. Front side of the object

29. Laser action is not possible when the system has following number of levels
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five

30. Which of the following laser emits in the form of pulses


a. He-Ne
b. Ruby
c. CO2
d. Nd:YAG

31. The reason of He addition in He: Ne laser is to achieve


a. Rapid population inversion
b. Stimulated emission
c. Metastable state
d. None of these

32. Suppose n1 and n2 are the number of atoms in the lower and upper level respectively.
The condition of population inversion is given as
a. 𝑛1 < 𝑛2
b. 𝑛1 > 𝑛2
c. 𝑛1 = 𝑛2
d. 𝑛1 = 2𝑛2

33. The Radiative life-time of a metastable level is of the order of


a. 10−10 𝑠
b. 10−8 𝑠
c. 10−3 𝑠
d. 103 𝑠

34. A semiconductor laser emits coherent radiation when connected in


a. Reverse bias
b. Forward bias
c. No bias
d. Independent of bias

35. The active centers of Nd:YAG laser and He:Ne laser are respectively
a. Nd3+ ions⁡and⁡He⁡atoms
b. Y 3+ ions⁡and⁡He⁡atoms
c. Nd3+ ions⁡and⁡Ne⁡atoms
d. Y 3+ ions⁡and⁡Ne⁡atoms

36. The chemical formula for YAG is


a. 𝑌3 𝐴𝑙6 𝑂6
b. 𝑌2 𝐴𝑙5 𝑂12
c. 𝑌3 𝐴𝑙5 𝑂12
d. None of these

37. The laser transition in He-Ne laser occurs in between


a. 20.61 eV – 18.70 eV
b. 20.66 eV – 18.70 eV
c. 20.66 eV – 20.61 eV
d. None of these

38. Which of the following cannot be used for making a semiconductor laser
a. Ga-As
b. Ga-P
c. Ga-N
d. Al-P
39. Which of the following is not a technique of holography?
a. Transmission holography
b. Reflection holography
c. Embossed holography
d. Scatter holography

40. The steps involved in the preparation of hologram is


a. Construction and reconstruction
b. Positive and negative
c. Construction of negative
d. Construction of positive

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