CHAPTER 2 - بارعلاا

CHAPTER 2 - ‫االعراب‬
INTRODUCTION
Every ‫ اسم‬has four properties:
1. Status – ‫االعراب‬
2. Gender – ‫الجنس‬
3. Number – ‫العدد‬
4. Type – ‫القسم‬
2.1 STATUS - ‫االعراب‬

Status has to do with the role an ‫ اسم‬is playing in a sentence. In Arabic,
an ‫ اسم‬can have one of the 3 statuses:
Status #1 : THE DOER – ‫رفع‬
The doer is one who carries out the action. ‫ رفع‬is known as the default
status. If there is no reason for an ‫ اسم‬to be put in another status, it
remains in ‫ رفع‬status. ٌ‫ – َم ْرفوع‬in the ‫ رفع‬status.
Status #2 : THE DETAIL – ‫نصب‬
The detail refers to additional information about the action. ‫صوب‬
ٌٌ ‫ – َم ْن‬in
the ‫صب‬
ْ ‫ ن‬status
Status #3 : AFTER OF – ‫مجرور‬
After of is, quite literally, the word that occurs after of. ‫ – مجرور‬in the ‫جر‬
status.
2.2 HOW TO TELL STATUS
There are two types of endings, Ending Sound (vowel change at the
end) and Ending Combination (letters added to the end of a word). You
should look for combination first.
Plural Dual Singular Masculine
ٌَ‫ُم ْس ِل ُمون‬ ٌِ ‫ُم ْس ِل‬
‫مان‬ ‫ُمس ِل ٌٌم‬ ‫رفع‬
ٌَ‫ُم ْس ِل ِمين‬ ٌِ ‫ُم ْس ِل َمي‬
‫ْن‬ ‫ُم ْس ِل ًما‬ ‫نصب‬
ٌَ‫ُم ْس ِل ِمين‬ ٌِ ‫ُم ْس ِل َمي‬
‫ْن‬ ٌ‫ُم ْس ِلم‬ ‫جر‬
Plural Dual Singular Feminine

ٌٌ‫ان ُمسْلمات‬ ٌِ َ ‫ُم ْس ِل َمت‬ ٌ‫ُم ْس ِل َم ٌة‬ ‫رفع‬
ٌِ ‫ُم ْس ِل َمٌتَي‬
ٌ‫ْن ُم ْس ِل َمات‬ ً‫ُم ْس ِل َم ٌة‬ ‫نصب‬
ٌِ ‫ُم ْس ِل َمتَي‬
ٌ‫ْن ُم ْس ِل َمات‬ ٌ‫ُم ْس ِل َمة‬ ‫جر‬
 AWH status (02)
2.3 LIGHT VS HEAVY

 Heavy is default. All fully flexible words are heavy. To make a
word light, all you have to do is remove the ‘n’ sound at the end.
Plural Dual Singular Masculine
‫ُم ْس ِل ُموا‬ ‫ُم ْس ِلما‬ ‫ُمس ِل ٌُم‬ ‫رفع‬
‫ُم ْس ِل ِمي‬ ٌْ ‫ُم ْس ِل َم‬
‫ي‬ ‫ُم ْس ِل ٌَم‬ ‫نصب‬
‫ُم ْس ِل ِمي‬ ٌْ ‫ُم ْس ِل َم‬
‫ي‬ ‫ُم ْس ِل ٌِم‬ ‫جر‬
Plural Dual Singular Feminine

ٌُ‫ُم ْس ِل َمتَا ُمسْلمات‬ ُ‫ُم ْس ِل َم ٌة‬ ‫رفع‬
ٌِ ‫ي ُم ْس ِل َما‬
‫ت‬ ٌْ َ ‫ُم ْس ِل َمت‬ َ‫ُم ْس ِل َم ٌة‬ ‫نصب‬
ٌِ ‫ي ُم ْس ِل َما‬
‫ت‬ ٌْ َ ‫ُم ْس ِل َمت‬ ‫ُم ْس ِل َم ٌِة‬ ‫جر‬
 The discussion of heavy or light is irrelevant when the word has an
‫ ال‬on it. This is because ‫ تنوين‬and ‫ ال‬never come together. There are
3 reason to make an ‫ اسم‬light:
o ‫مضاف‬
o Partly flexible words
o ‫( الٌالنافيةٌللجنس‬absolute negation)
2.4 FLEXIBILITY
The discussion of flexibility only pertains to words that have an ending
sound. There are 3 forms of flexibility:
َ ‫) ُم ْن‬:
1. Fully- flexible (‫ ُم ْع َرب‬/‫ص ِرف‬
 3 statuses have 3 unique endings
 They have ‫ تنوين‬at the end.
 Always take ‫ كسرة‬in ٌ‫ جر‬status.
2. Partly- flexible (‫ٌٌمنٌالصرف‬ ِ ‫) َم ْمنُوع‬:
 3 statuses have 2 unique endings. ‫ف‬ ٌَ ‫س‬
ُ ‫يُو‬-‫ف‬
ٌَ ‫س‬
ُ ‫يُو‬-‫ف‬
ٌُ ‫س‬
ُ ‫يُو‬
 They do not have ‫ تنوين‬at the end.
 Never show ‫ كسرة‬at the end except:
o By adding an ‫ال‬
o By making a ‫ مضاف‬which is ‫مجرور‬
Some tips to identify partly flexible
 Non-Arab names :
Only 4 prophets name mention in the Quran are f.f. (-ٌ ‫ ُهو ٌد‬-ٌ‫ُم َح َّم ٌد‬
‫يب‬ ُ -‫ح‬
ٌٌ َ‫شع‬ ٌٌ ‫ )صال‬2 names are n.f.(‫عيسى‬-‫ )موسى‬2 names are exception of
the non arab rule(three letters name and ‫ سكون‬on the middle)are
always f.f.) (‫نُوح‬-‫ )لوط‬except them all prophets names are p.f. cause
they are non Arab
 Feminine names and uniquely masculine names:
Feminine names are partly flexible and some men names are
ٌُ ‫ع‬
p.f.(‫ثمان‬ ُ -‫حمزة‬-‫ )عمر‬exception rule also work.
 Proper names of places:
Proper names of places are always p.f. execption also work. Some
places have ‫ ال‬and they are f.f.(‫الهند‬-‫)العراق‬
 Names of Angels: ٌُ‫هاروت‬ ُ ٌ-ٌُ‫جبريلٌُ–ٌ ِمي َكل‬
3. Non- flexible (‫) َم ْبنِي‬:
 3 statuses have same ending.
 ‫ اسمٌاالشارة‬, ‫ اسمٌموصول‬, ending with Alif maqsurah (‫ )ى‬and
mamdudah (‫)اء‬
 Flexibility practice in AWH status (07)
 Lisan ul Quran p.18
2.5 pronouns
Pronouns are special types of ‫ اسم‬that do not display their four properties
in a standard way. There are 2 kinds of pronouns:
1. Independent pronoun :(‫)الضماءرالمنفصلة‬
They are always in ‫ رفع‬status. Pronouns are always proper.
Plural Dual Singular ‫الضماءرالمنفصلة‬
‫هم‬ ‫هما‬ ‫هو‬ ٌٌٌ‫الغاءب‬
ٌَّ ‫ُه‬
‫ن‬ ‫هما‬ ‫هي‬
‫انتم‬ ‫انت انتما‬
ٌَ ‫الحاضر‬
ٌ‫انتن‬ ‫ت انتما‬
ٌِ ‫ان‬
‫نحن‬ ‫انا‬ ‫المتكلم‬
2. Attached pronoun :( ‫)الضماءر المتصلة‬

They are either in the ‫ نصب‬or ‫ جر‬status.
Plural Dual Singular ‫الضماءر المتصلة‬
‫ٌ ِهم‬-ٌ‫ٌ ِهما هم‬-ٌ‫ ٌِه هما‬-ُ‫ٌه‬ ٌٌٌ‫الغاءب‬
ٌَّ ‫ٌ ِه‬-ٌ‫ٌ ِهما ُه َّن‬-ٌ‫ها هما‬
‫ن‬
‫ُكم‬ ‫ُكما‬ ٌَ
‫ك‬ ‫الحاضر‬
ٌَّ ‫ُك‬
‫ن‬ ‫ُكما‬ ٌِ
‫ك‬
‫نا‬ )‫المتكلم يٌ(جار)ٌنِيٌ(نصب‬
 Pronoun p.3
 Pronoun drills

CHAPTER 2 - بارعلاا

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CHAPTER 2 - بارعلاا

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CHAPTER 2 - ‫االعراب‬

2.1 STATUS - ‫االعراب‬

Plural Dual Singular Feminine

2.3 LIGHT VS HEAVY

Plural Dual Singular Feminine

2. Attached pronoun :( ‫)الضماءر المتصلة‬

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