2010 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering

Automatic fire a1arm system based on MCU

Zhang Kun, Hu Shunbin Li Jinfang
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Baoding Baoling Transformer Co. Ltd.
Agricultural University of Hebei Tianwei Group
Baoding, 071001, China Baoding, 071056, China
E-mail address:[email protected] E-mail address:[email protected]

Abstract—The paper introduced an automatic warehouse fire Temperature

Ionization
a1arm system based on MCU. The system was mainly made up of smoke detector
transducer
ATmega16, temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and EX-1 auto
dialed alarm module. In the system, temperature signals were signal
transformed to serial data, and smoke signals were transformed processing
to voltage signals. All the data were processed by MCU. When
the surveillance system checked fire in warehouse, alarm signal
was turn on, meanwhile the messages were transmitted to PD0 PD1
SCM
managers through EX-1. Application of the system was
convenient to deal with fire in-time, efficiently by warehouse
manager.

Keywords- fire a1arm system; ATmega16; temperature

transducer;smoke sensor auto alarm
module

I. INTRODUCTION
Automatic fire alarm control system has experienced a
process from the simple to the complex and intelligence system Tel ephone
increasingly in China. The characteristic is automatic fire I nt er f ace
detection and alarm technology has a great progress along with
computing and detection technology development. At present,
automatic fire alarm control system was used in bulk storage
plant, shopping malls, high-level office buildings, hotels and
other places. They were used in a number of collections Figure 1. System hardware diagram.
focused on one area of intelligent alarm control method with
higher levels of bus-type alarm control system, and in some
III. THE HARDWARE COMPONENTS
residential areas and commercial buildings were installed by a
single automatic fire alarm detection device. These alarm A. Atmega16
detection devices fail to report sometimes, or misinformation.
Its reliability is not high because of using single sensor. The system used by the U.S. Atmel’s microcontroller
Therefore, it is needed to develop a simple structure, low cost, ATmega16 microcontroller. ATmega16 is based on the AVR
high reliability, fast responding, automatic fire detection RISC architecture to enhance low-power 8-bit CMOS
system. microcontroller. Because of its advanced instruction set and a
single clock cycle instruction execution time, ATmega16 data
throughput of up to 1 MIPS / MHz. Thereby mitigate the
II. GENERAL PROJECT OF THE SYSTEM system in the power and the contradiction between the
The hardware block diagram shown in Figure 1, hardware processing rate. ATmega16 has the following characteristics:
by temperature sensors, smoke sensors, signal processing 16K bytes in-system programmable Flash (with the ability to
module, MCU modules and automatic alarm module. Non read and write at the same time, that is, RWW), 512 bytes
electrical quantity that is through the sensing element sensors EEPROM, 1K bytes SRAM, 32 general-purpose I / O port
(smoke sensors and temperature sensors) will be on-site lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, for the JTAG
temperature, smoke and other non-electrical signal into an boundary scan interface, support the on-chip debugging and
electrical signal, as well as signals for signal processing to programming, 3 has a more flexible mode of timer / counter (T
convert analog quantity to digital quantity. Finally, the sampled / C), chip internal / external interrupts, programmable serial
data were processed and compared with the limits by MCU USART, there are initial conditions detector universal serial
system. This system can produce local and remote auto-alarm interface, 8-channel 10-bit with optional differential input stage
signals. programmable gain (TQFP package) of the ADC, with on-chip
oscillator of programmable watchdog timer, an SPI serial port,
as well as six can be selected by software power-saving mode.

978-0-7695-4031-3/10 $26.00 © 2010 IEEE 517

DOI 10.1109/iCECE.2010.133
 The chip is based on Atmel high-density nonvolatile DS18B20 and the main chip connection diagram shown in
memory technology production on-chip ISP Flash allows the Figure 2: DS18B20 number one pin grounded, then on the 3rd
program memory through the ISP serial interface or a general- pin high and the 2nd pin then a 5. 1K of the pull-up resistor, at
purpose programmer for programming; you can also run on the the same time received a single output signal of the PD0 pin.
AVR core among the bootstrap to program. Boot program can Pull-up is to pull the uncertainty signal through a resistor
use any interface to download the application to the Flash embedded in the high places, resistance at the same time
memory area (Application Flash Memory). Application of current－limited . Program from the DQ pin in high impedance
Flash storage area is updated when the boot Flash area (Boot state to ensure that the beginning, so that you can pull on the
Flash Memory) program continues to run, RWW operation pull-up resistor to the high DQ. At the same time the main chip
achieved. ATmega16 to become a powerful microcontroller by also can be an external site alarm buzzer.
8-bit RISC CPU and the system programmable flash in a single
chip, for many embedded control applications provides a C. Smoke Monitoring Module
flexible and cost-effective solution. ATmega16 has a set of
programming and system development tools, including: C Smoke sensors choose HIS-07 ion smoke detectors when
language compiler, macro assembler, program debugger / the flow through the inside and outside the ionization chamber
software emulator, emulators and evaluation boards. ionization electron flow is unbalanced, collector charges
current until the ionization balance. In a smoke-free or non-
combustion, the collector being subject to the impact ionization
B. Temperature Sensor current statistical fluctuation, the potential to maintain a
Temperature sensor manufactured by DALLAS balance. Ionization current have impact when the smoke into
Semiconductor DS18B20-type single intelligence temperature the ionization chamber, easily into the ionization chamber
sensor, its performance features include: smoke outside than inside the ionization chamber of the
affected, ionization current decline in and collector to re-charge
1) This sensor have single-bus-specific technology,
until the new equilibrium potential, this potential change can be
either through the serial port cable also through other I / O used to trigger the alarm circuit. Technical parameters such as
port lines and computer interfaces,without going through Table 1.
other conversion circuits Direct output measured temperature
value (9-bit binary number, with sign bit).
TABLE I. HIS-07 ION SMOKE SENSOR THCHNICAL DATA

Table Head Table Column Head

equilibrium potential collector 5.5 ± 0.3 V
collector potential with the smoke
concentration
reduced light rate of 1% / ft 0.6 V

reduced light rate of 4% / ft 2.2 V

capacitor 6pF
Smoke signals are processed on the chip of choice is the
Motorola company's MC14468, MC14468 for DIP 16-pin
package, contain oscillator, timer, latch, alarm control logic
circuit, high input impedance comparator etc. When not
detected smoke, MC14468 internal oscillator that oscillation
cycle 1.67s. Each 1.67s cycle the internal power supply is
provided to the work of the entire chip. It’s all kept detect any
smoke in addition to LED flashes, battery voltage alarm and
smoke alarm. The oscillator oscillation period becomes 40ms
when the MC14448 Once detection smoke, this time
piezoelectric buzzer driving circuit to start oscillation, start to
Figure 2. ds18b20 and the main chip connection diagram. be able to output to maintain the high 160 ms after the
cessation of 80ms.Continued during the detection of smoke
2) Temperature range is -55 ℃ ~ +125 ℃, measurement cessation of changes, at this time if not detected smoke beeper
resolution of 0. 0625 ℃. will not be issued a warning sound.
3) Containing 64 as amended through the laser-read-only In figure 3, the MC14468 1 pin joint PD1 pin of SCM
memory ROM. when the ion chamber of the ion current as the scene of smoke
4) Fit a variety of SCM or system machine. detection and change, voltage change generation a weak side-
5) Users can set separate ways each temperature upper spread seized 15, by the MC14468 internal logic processing
and lower limit. circuit processing, the smoke is detected by 1 pin-out high
6) Includes parasitic power. microcontroller for processing. 13-pin then slide rheostat is set
to facilitate detection sensitivity when the led flashes and the

518
buzzer sounded a piercing sound of an audio alarm when the
department has a fire alarm signal-based.

Figure 4. EX-1 wiring diagram

IV. SOFTWARE DESIGN

start

ATmega16
initialize

whether there are N

Figure 3. Smoke detection circuit smoke signals?

D. Auto-dial alarm module Y

Dial-up alarm module choices are the EX-1 dial-up module
R0=1
is a DTMF signal receiving, storing, and sending as integration
communications circuits. Module built-in microcontroller and
dial-up management process can provide users with a variety
collection
of signal input and output ports, in security alarm, signal temperature
acquisition, automatic control, remote communication and signal
information transmission areas such as flexible application. 5
groups can have cell phone or group of seven local telephone
numbers are stored, power-down is not lost; Telephone line N
whether the
status detection, automatic fault signal output ;Telephone / alarm value?
external switching two kinds of dial-up state control; Trigger
time, nine times loop dial preset numbers; To work
Y
independently, independent dial-up, do not rely on telephone
and other external devices. R1=1

EX-1 wiring diagram shown in figure 4, The PD4 pin to

connect the main chip HTO , the module began to dial alarm dial-up alarm
when PD4 output high level signal, PD5 connection ON / OFF
pin input is high level signal to open the dial-up settings, the
input does not work when this pin become low, ERR pin
connected to PD6 pin of MCU, PD6 output 1 begun to test READY=1?
whether the telephone line failure, READY pin connect MCU
PD7 pin detection and alarm is completed, the alarm is end Y
when PD7 pin is high .
Figure 5. The main program flow chart

Because in the early stages of fires and the smoldering

phase will produce a large number of aerosol particles and

519
smoke particles .In the stage of incipient fire substances in the time by the form of short messages. So its application could
combustion process produces a lot of heat, so should make the greatly reduce fire losses and enhanced the safe reliability of
smoke sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction, first warehouse more than the former single equipment of fire alarm,
with the smoke sensor detects whether there is smoke and prevent failing of reporting and misinformation. The
generation, then the temperature sensor detects the temperature, system has a high reliability, low price and high sensitivity.
temperature sensor alarm value is set to 50 degrees. When the
smoke is detected R0 is 1, not smoke R0 is 0. Then test the REFERENCES
temperature when the temperature reaches the value of
[1] Holt,Mike.Fire Alarm Signaling Systems.Electrical Construction and
seasonal early warning R1 is 1, the value of seasonal Maintenance,2003.
temperature not to reach an early warning R1 to 0, at this time [2] M.Loepfe,et al,Optical Properties of Fire and Non-fire Aerosols[J].Fire
compared to the R0 and R1 is equal to the main chip when the Safety Journal.
dial-up alarm, if not equal is not to alarm re-tested. This smoke [3] H.C.van de Hulst.Light Scattering by Small Particles New
sensor and temperature sensor used in conjunction with greatly York:wiley,1957.
improved the reliability of detection to prevent the omission of [4] H.G.Barth.Modern Methods of Particle Size Analysis[M].New
false positives, program flow diagram shown in Figure 5. York:John Wiley &Sons,1984.
[5] Fan Bingyen. Home Wireless Intelligent Burglar Alarm System[M].
Security Technology, 2003.
V. CONCLUSION
[6] Lu Zhikang. Multimedia Alarm And Monitoring System Design[M].
By the cooperation of using of temperature and smoke Computer Engineering and Design, 2000.
sensors, through detecting the temperature and smoke on-site, [7] Chen Tao,Yuan Shuihong,Fan Weicheng. Fire Detection Technology
the automatic alarm system could find any fire in warehouse Research Prospects. Fire Science, 2001.
and send the message to managers of warehouse in the early

520