ALCOHOL INTOXICATION RELATED OFFENCES IN CORON
__________________________________________________________________
An Undergraduate Research
Presented to the
Faculty of Palawan State University
Coron, Palawan
_______________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Course
Bachelor of Science in Criminology
_________________________________________
by
ESCARAN, DIOSENG C
LISANGAN, KENO BUTCH G.
MONTIANO, JAKE S.
TAMPARON, ROBERTO JR. G.
DAHON, NEMIA A.
PE, MARY GRACE L.
May 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………i
SIGNATURE PAGE ……………………………………………….…..ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………….…iii
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………….......iv
LIST OF CONTENTS……………………………………….……….….ix
LIST OF FIGURE……………………………………………………..…x
LIST OF TABLE…………………………………………………………
LIST OF APPENDICES……………………………………………...….xi
Chapter 1INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study…………………………………….……1
Statement of the Problem ……………………….………………..1
Significance of the Study………………………………………….2
Scope and Delimitation …….……………………………….…….2
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Review of Related Literature and Studies……………………...….6
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………10
Research Paradigm………………………………………………...11
Research Hypothesis…………………………………………...…..11
Definition and Numbers……………………………………………11
Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design……………………………………………………13
Population and Sample………………………………………….….13
Data Gathering Instrument………………………………………....13
Research Procedure………………………………………………...14
Statistical Treatment………………………………………...…….....14
REMAINDERS OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA………………………….……..15
Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECCOMENDATIONS
Bibliography……………………..…………………………………..29
Appendices……………………………………………….………..…31
Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………...43
SIGNATURE PAGE
This research proposal entitled “ALCOHOL INTOXICATION RELATED
OFFENSES IN CORON PALAWAN” prepared and submitted by ESCARAN
DIOSENG C., et al, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course GE – PC –
Purposive Communication is hereby accepted.
VINAMAR A. DAGAMI – ODASCO, MAEd
Course Instructor
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Evaluated by the Panel on Oral Examination with a grade of_____________________
Chairman, Panel of Examiner
Member Member
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course GE – PC –
Purposive Communication.
Approved:
DR. FERNANDO M. CRUZ
Research Coordinator/ Director
PSU Coron Campus
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Our group would like to thank to the following individuals who made this
research proposal a successfully completed
To our research adviser, Mr. Gerard B.B. Palanca for his encouragement and
patience;
To for their cooperation and invaluable support;
To , for her insights, inputs and encouragement;
To , for their constructive criticisms and invaluable
suggestions;
To our beloved parents, for their understanding on financial, material and moral
support,
To our friends who always there to encourage us, push us that we can make this
research and most especially
-To Almighty God, for his guidance and everlasting love
Thank you all.
-The Researchers
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Since Straus and Bacon (1953) published their pioneering work about
drinking in college, there has been much progress in understanding the issue. Much
more, however, remains to be learned. We have argued for widening the lens;
incorporating new prospective, variables and methodologies; and sharpening the
focus through better conceptualization, measurement and sampling. Substance misuse
is arguably the nation’s number one health problem, as much for college students as
for other Americans (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2001). A view of college
drinking that is both expanded and clarified holds promise for advancing
understanding and enhancing prevention.
Since Straus and Bacon (1953) published their pioneering work about drinking in
college, there has been much progress in understanding the issue. Much more,
however, remains to be learned. We have argued for widening the lens; incorporating
new prospective, variables and methodologies; and sharpening the focus through
better conceptualization, measurement and sampling. Substance misuse is arguably
the nation’s number one health problem, as much for college students as for other
Americans (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2001). A view of college drinking
that is both expanded and clarified holds promise for advancing understanding and
enhancing prevention.
Since Straus and Bacon (1953) published their pioneering work about drinking in
college, there has been much progress in understanding the issue. Much more,
however, remains to be learned. We have argued for widening the lens; incorporating
new prospective, variables and methodologies; and sharpening the focus through
better conceptualization, measurement and sampling. Substance misuse is arguably
the nation’s number one health problem, as much for college students as for other
Americans (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2001). A view of college drinking
that is both expanded and clarified holds promise for advancing understanding and
enhancing prevention.
Background of the Study
Criminology is a social science dealing with the nature, extent and causes of
crimes, committed by people in one community. Alcohol is widely used in our society.
Most individuals drink alcohol in ways that do not increase risk for alcohol used
problems and may also derived a health benefit. For others, use of alcohol will increase
their risk for alcohol problems. Defining precisely who is at risk for alcohol problems and
assessing the risk versus the benefits of alcohol use are important to designing effective
interventions to reduce alcohol problems and providing accurate public health
information.
Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of adverse health and social
consequences, both acute ( e.g., traffic deaths, other injuries ) and chronic ( e.g., alcohol
dependence, liver damage, stroke, cancers of the mouth and esophagus ). The scope and variety
of these problems are tributable to differences in the amount, duration, and patterns of alcohol
consumption; differences in genetic vulnerability to particular alcohol-related consequences; and
differences in economic, social, and other environmental factors. Alcoholism is a chronic disease
that may strike at any age. Some people develop the symptoms of alcoholism after only months
of heavy drinking, whereas other alcoholics may drink heavily for years before developing the
disease
Alcohol-related death rates (for all categories of alcohol-related mortality
combined ) are higher. Alcohol problems, both those of individuals and those that affect
society at large, continue to impose staggering social and economic burdens. In addition
to negatively affecting health, a wide range of social ills including domestic violence,
child abuse, fires and other accident, and other crimes against individuals such as rape,
robbery, and assault have all been linked to alcohol misuse.
The law on Anti-Drunk in Drugged Driving Act of 2013 Republic Act 10586 is to
penalize the acts of driving under the influence of alcohol, dangerous drugs and other
intoxicating substances, and to inculcate the standards of safe driving and the benefits
that may be derived from it through institutional programs and appropriate public
information strategies.
Statement of the Problem
This study entitled Alcohol Related Offenses in Coron, Palawan is an attempt to
determine and understand the origin and nature of such alcohol related offences.
Specifically it will attempt to answer the following questions:
1.) What are the characteristics of alcohol violations in Coron, Palawan in terms
of:
1.1 Nature of Violations
1.2 Frequency of Violations
2.) What is the profile of alcohol violators in Coron, Palawan in terms of:
2.1 age
2.2 gender
2.3status
2.4 types of alcohol
2.5 religion
2.6 occupation
3.) Is there any significant relationship exists between profile of the respondent
and characteristics of violation.
Significance of the Study
This study will be important to the following:
To the alcohol drinker, that they may be aware what are the effects of alcohol in their
body.
To the drivers, that they may be aware on the effects of alcohol intoxication that may
cause accident.
To the law enforcers, through this research, this will give them a basis on educating and
training the community on alcohol violation.
To the Local Government Unit, that they maybe conduct training on awareness of the
driver on alcoholism
To the youth, that they may be aware on the abuse of drinking alcohol
To the BS.Criminology students, that they may be familiar with and various concepts
regarding on alcoholism.
Other key facts Worldwide, 3.3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of
alcohol, this represent 5.9% of all deaths.
The harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury
conditions.
Alcohol consumption cause death and disability relatively early in life. In the age group
20-39 years approximately 25% of the total deaths are alcohol- attributable.
The latest causal relationship have been established between harmful drinking and incidence of
infectious disease such as tuberculosis as well as the course of HIV/AIDS.
Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence producing properties that has been
widely used in many cultures for centuries. The harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease,
social and economic burden in societies.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This research will only tackle an alcohol related offenses in Coron, Palawan.
The research will cover the resident of Coron, Palawan chosen randomly, and who are of
legal age at the time of the conduct of this research. The research will be conducted in seven
barangays in the town proper of Coron.
The study will be conducted from May 2016 to July 2016.
Chapter 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter presents a review of relative literature and studies conducted prior to
this research. Included in this section are the conceptual framework, research paradigm,
and a definition of terms.
Review of Related Studies
Adolescent Drinking Study
In relation to this is the study done by Hill and Yuan (1999) regarding the
familial density of alcoholism and onset of adolescent drinking. According to the authors,
the purpose of the study was to assess the age of onset to begin drinking in relation to
family history of alcoholism using survival analysis, and to examine the importance of
selected risk factors in predicting outcome, using a Cox proportional hazards model
analysis (Hill and Yuan 1999). The study examined 52 children and adolescents at low
risk for developing alcoholism and 73 children and adolescents from high-risk families,
with the ages of 7 to 18 years old and evaluated annually to provide waves of longitudinal
data concerning age of onset along with a number of predictors (Hill and Yuan 1999).
These predictors include positive familial loading of alcoholism, extraversion, and
manifest anxiety scores (Hill and Yuan 1999). It has been reported that a number of
normal population studies have shown that initiation of drug use in adolescence follows a
predictable pattern in which adolescents first use licit drugs like alcohol and cigarettes,
before they try marijuana and illicit drugs (Hill and Yuan 1999).
Furthermore, the identification of this sequence in adolescence, along with adult
follow-up, has allowed for the determination that the earlier an adolescent begins to
experiment with alcohol and cigarettes the greater the severity and persistence of
problems with illicit drugs (cited in Hill and Yuan 1999). Excessive drinking during
adolescence has also been found to be predictive of later problems with alcohol (Hill and
Yuan 1999).
In relation, a study done by Andersson and Magnusson in the year 1988 found
that self-reported frequency of intoxication between the ages of 14 and 16 was predictive
of being in Swedish registries for alcohol abuse in young adulthood. Similarly, the report
of Grant and Dawson in 1997 shows that age of onset to begin regular drinking predicts
the likelihood of adult alcohol dependence in a large population-based sample, further
suggests the importance of determining the factors that predict initiation of drinking in
youth.
With these findings involving the general population, the initiation of alcohol use
in normal populations of adolescents may differ from that seen among adolescents who
come from families with histories of alcohol and drug dependence (Hill and Yuan 1999).
Moreover, the factors predicting onset in high-risk families may differ from that seen in
the general population surveys of adolescents (Hill and Yuan 1999). This is why a study
tracing the family histories of adolescents is important. It has long been known that a
positive family history is one of the most powerful predictors of risk for becoming
alcoholic (cited in Hill and Yuan 1999). Alcoholics with a family history of alcoholism in
fact appear to have an earlier onset of problem-related drinking and an earlier onset of
regular drinking, both of which appear to be highly correlated (cited in Hill and Yuan
1999). Therefore, it would just appear reasonable to predict that the children of alcoholic
parents might become more susceptible for development of early-onset regular drinking
and/or alcohol abuse compared to children of non-alcoholics (Hill and Yuan 1999). With
these reasons, it is considerable to target to those children and adolescents in particular
who have begun to drink earlier than their low familiar risk counterparts for specialized
intervention and treatment (Hill and Yuan 1999). In addition, according to Hill and Yuan
(1999), children of alcoholics are typically considered to be at greater risk for developing
alcohol problems due to the presence of alcoholism in one or more members of their
nuclear or extended family. However, these high risks children frequently come from
multi-problem backgrounds (Hill and Yuan 1999).
With the information and problem in mind, the study conducted examined two
major groups, namely, the high-risk group and the low-risk group. The high-risk group
consisted of children and adolescents from high-density multi-generational alcoholism
families, while the low-risk group consisted of children and adolescents with one of their
parents coming from a "low-risk" target pedigree ascertained as part of a larger family
study designed to assess the role of familial or genetic factors in the development of
alcoholism (Hill and Yuan 1999). Furthermore, the socioeconomic status and family
stability of the participants were also determined.
Results of the study indicate that there appears to be converging evidence that
high-risk children not only drink earlier but also drink more during adolescence than do
low-risk children (Hill and Yuan 1999). These findings are further proven by the
examination of the quantity per occasion consumed by individuals who had begun
drinking revealed risk group differences as well (Hill and Yuan 1999). Moreover,
although the primary focus of the study is on intergenerational transmission of alcohol
dependence, clarifying the patterns of use of other drugs such as marijuana,
amphetamines, cocaine, opium, hallucinogens and tobacco was also of interest (Hill and
Yuan 1999). The tests revealed that among the 26 drinkers identified, seven came from
low-risk families and did not report any drug use other than cigarette smoking (Hill and
Yuan 1999). In contrast, 42% of the high-risk subjects who drank regularly also reported
some form of drug use along with cigarettes (Hill and Yuan 1999).
In discussion, the study implies that high-risk children begin drinking earlier than
low-risk children do, and its significance is that population-based samples have
demonstrated that the risk for developing alcohol dependence can be predicted by the age
of onset to begin drinking (cited in Hill and Yuan 1999). In addition, the strongest
predictor for alcoholism is extraversion (Hill and Yuan 1999). Moreover, the results also
suggest that the high-risk children will be likely to develop problems at a higher rate than
other groups (Hill and Yuan 1999). With this information, it will be helpful to propose
effective ways for treatment of adolescent alcoholics at an early age. This is to prevent
more grave consequences on the lives of the adolescent alcoholics, such as discontinuing
education, substance misuse, and committing crimes.
Alcoholism is also known as alcohol dependence and is considered a disease with
symptoms such as craving or feeling a strong urge to drink; loss of control or not being
able to stop once drinking has begun; physical dependence such as nausea, sweating,
shakiness, and anxiety; and tolerance or drinking greater amounts of alcohol to "get high"
('National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism' 2006). Many people believe that
drinking alcohol will and may ease their problems regarding their family, work and the
society, but in fact, it would not. Acquiring alcoholism may lead to more serious
complications and fatal illnesses that would cause the person's life.
Several think that alcoholism is a disease, and in fact, the National Institute on
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2006) is supporting this statement. The Institute explains
that the craving that an alcoholic feels for alcohol can be as strong as the need for food or
water, and an alcoholic will continue to drink despite serious family, health, or legal
problems. Moreover, like many other diseases, alcoholism is chronic, which means that it
lasts a person's lifetime, usually follows a predictable course, and has symptoms
('National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 2006). The risk for developing
alcoholism is influenced by both the person's genes and by his or her lifestyle ('National
Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism' 2006).
It has been reported that alcoholism was first recognized as a disease in the 1930s
by a group called "Alcoholics Anonymous", and since then, the American Medical
Association has recognized alcoholism as a serious and chronic disease ('What is
Chemical Dependency?' 2005). Alcoholism takes time to develop, but once it develops, it
does not go away ('What is Chemical Dependency?' 2005). Cure is not available for
alcoholism, but is treatable, and with proper treatment, an alcoholic will be able to
reclaim his or her normal, satisfying lifestyle ('What is Chemical Dependency?' 2005).
It has been reported that the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that
there are about 2 billion people worldwide who consume alcoholic beverages and 76.3
million with diagnosable alcohol use disorders ('Global Status Report on Alcohol' 2004,
p. 7). From a public health perspective, the global burden related to alcoholism and
alcohol consumption, both in terms of morbidity and mortality, is considerable in most
parts of the world ('Global Status Report on Alcohol' 2004, p. 7). Moreover, given
alcohol's significance in world health, the World Health Organization has been
developing a database since 1996, named the Global Alcohol Database, in its aim in
providing a standardized reference source of information for global epidemiological
surveillance of alcohol use and its related problems ('Global Status Report on Alcohol'
2004, p. 7). This database will be helpful for the organization to record the incidence of
alcoholism worldwide. This is essential so the government can take action and
responsibility in proposing or implementing programs to help lessen the incidence of
alcoholism.
Similarly, in the United States, alcohol is still the number one drug problem, and
affects adolescents, middle-aged people and senior citizens, and people of all races,
religions, intelligence levels and professions ('What is Chemical Dependency?' 2005). In
fact, there are approximately 18 million alcoholics in America ('What is Chemical
Dependency?' 2005), and this high incidence affects many aspects in the society. In 1995,
the estimated annual cost of alcohol abuse in the United States was $166.5 billion, where
alcohol use disorders cost $56.7 billion more than the estimated annual economic cost of
illegal drug use and $36.5 billion more than the estimated annual economic cost of
smoking ('Impact on Society' 2006).
Adolescent Alcoholism
Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence are not only adult problems, but they also
affect a significant number of adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and
20, even though drinking under the age of 21 is illegal (Califano 2000). According to a
research done by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism, adolescents who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to
develop alcohol dependence than those who begin drinking at age 21 (Califano 2000). In
addition, drinking at an early age can also be associated with alcohol-related violence, not
only among persons under the age of 21 but among adults as well (Califano 2000).
It has been estimated that over three million teenagers are alcoholics, and several
million more have a serious drinking problem that they cannot manage on their own
(Califano 2000). This is why early treatment of alcoholism in adolescents must be done
to prevent further damage on their lives. It has been mentioned earlier that alcoholism
presents grave threats on the lives of many individuals, especially on the lives of many
teenagers. These threats include accidents associated with drunk driving, and crimes. It
has been reported that the three leading causes of death for 15 to 24 year olds are
automobile crashes, homicides and suicides, and alcohol is a leading factor in all three
(Califano 2000). While drinking may be a singular problem behavior for some, research
suggests that for others if may be an expression of general adolescent turmoil that
includes other problem behaviors and that these behaviors are linked to
unconventionality, impulsiveness, and sensation seeking (Califano 2000).
It has been reported that binge drinking, often begins around the age of 13, tends
to increase during adolescence, peak in young adulthood in the ages between 18 to 22,
then gradually decreases (Califano 2000). Individuals who increase their binge drinking
from the age of 18 to 24 and those who consistently binge drink at lease once a week
during this period may have problems attaining the goals typical of the transition from
adolescence to young adulthood (Califano 2000). These goals include marriage,
education, employment, and financial independence (Califano 2000).
Moreover, alcohol use among adolescents has also been associated with
considering, planning, attempting, and completing suicide (Califano 2000). Research
does not indicate whether drinking causes suicidal behavior, only that the two behaviors
are correlated (Califano 2000). Suicide is also related to depression and anxiety, for these
behaviors somehow trigger alcoholics to result to suicide. In addition, these behaviors can
also become severe with the influence of alcohol. This is why during the event of suicide,
the alcoholic has already experienced severe depression and anxiety prior to the activity,
including the fact that with the influence of alcohol, a person cannot make sound
judgments.
Furthermore, the influence of peers can also be attributed to adolescent drinking.
More often than not, adolescents become exposed to alcohol drinking through their peers.
With this, the role of the parents becomes crucial in the discipline of their children.
Proper guidance must be given to adolescents regarding drinking alcohol. Education also
is important, for information regarding alcoholism and drug abuse must be give to
adolescents for early prevention.
Parental Guidance and Influence
Califano (2000) reports that parents' drinking behavior and favorable attitudes
about drinking have been positively associated with adolescents' initiating and continuing
drinking. Children who were warned about alcohol by their parents and children who
reported being closer to their parents were less likely to start drinking (Califano 2000).
Lack of parental support, monitoring and communication has been significantly related to
frequency of drinking, heavy drinking, and drunkenness among adolescents (Califano
2000). Harsh, inconsistent discipline and hostility or rejection toward children has also
been found to significantly predict adolescent drinking and alcohol-related problems
(Califano 2000).
Review of Related Literature
Effects of Alcoholism
Alcoholism presents a variety of effects, not only on the physical or biological
aspect of an individual, but on the society as well. It has been reported that short-term
physical effects of alcohol use include distorted vision, hearing and coordination, altered
perceptions and emotions, impaired judgment and hangovers ('What is Alcoholism?'
1999). On the other hand, long-term physical effects of heavy alcohol use include loss of
appetite, vitamin deficiencies, stomach ailments, skin problems, sexual impotence, liver
damage, heart and central nervous system damage, and memory loss ('What is
Alcoholism?' 1999). Long-term physical effects also include diseases and organ
malfunctions. These diseases include brain damage, which varies from psychosis to
permanent memory loss; cancer, such as in the mouth, esophagus, and stomach due to the
irritating effects of alcohol; heart disease, such as an enlarged heart and congestive heart
failure; liver damage leading to cirrhosis or scarring of the liver and liver cancer; ulcers
that produces stomach and intestinal irritation; glandular problems in the adrenal and
pituitary glands; and birth defects on women who drink alcohol during pregnancy ('What
is Chemical Dependency?' 2005). This condition is known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or
FAS ('What is Chemical Dependency?' 2005).
Aside from the diseases caused by alcoholism, it also presents psychological and
psychiatric problems, which in turn determines social issues happening in the society,
such as suicide, accidents, and crimes. Some of these problems include depression, which
can be triggered by alcoholism and vice versa; anxiety, which occurs during attempted
withdrawal; change in personality with loss of normal behavior and appearance; and
hallucinations, which is an affect of alcohol withdrawal ('Alcohol Abuse, Alcoholism and
Alcohol-Related Problems' 1997). These psychiatric problems often lead to social issues
such as suicide, which is result of depression; accidents, being a result of drunk-driving;
and physical abuse, which are the cause of a large portion of homicides, child abuse cases
and other domestic violence cases ('What is Chemical Dependency?' 2005).
Ways of Motivating Treatment
At some point, many alcoholics will choose to become treated of their disease.
This is why motivation of alcoholics, especially of alcoholic adolescents must be
effective to propose treatment. Treatment at an early age will be beneficial so as not to
result to worse consequences or events.
It has been reported that once a diagnosis of alcoholism is made, the next major
step is getting the patient to seek treatment, and one study suggests that the main reasons
alcoholics do not seek treatment are due to lack of confidence in successful therapies;
denial of their own alcoholism; and the social stigma attached to the condition and its
treatment ('Alcoholism' 2006).
Recognizing the Problem – It has been reported that the first and most important step in
getting appropriate treatment for alcoholism is recognizing that you have a problem, and
often, family members and close friends initiate treatment for the person with the
addiction ('Alcoholism' 2004).
In addition, the alcoholic patient and everyone involved should fully understand
that alcoholism is a disease, and responses to this disease are not character flaws but
symptoms, just as pain or discomfort are symptoms of other illnesses ('Alcoholism'
2006). They should also realize that treatment is difficult and sometimes painful, just as
are treatments for other life-threatening diseases, such as cancer, but that treatment is the
only hope for a cure ('Alcoholism' 2006).
Role of Family and Friends – Another effective way for motivation are the intervention
of family members, employers, and therapists, which can be very effective in motivating
a person to quit ('Alcoholism' 2006). This can also help in reducing drinking over the
short term ('Alcoholism' 2006). Moreover, even brief interventions from a primary care
doctor and self-help information can be helpful in reducing harmful drinking, for studies
report, that only regular follow-up and reinforcement will sustain quit rates and possibly
even improve survival rates ('Alcoholism' 2006).
Personal Intervention Meetings – It has been reported that the best approaches for
motivating a patient to seek treatment are interventional group meetings between people
with alcoholism and their friends and family members who have been affected by the
alcoholic behavior ('Alcoholism' 2006). Using this approach, each person affected offers
a compassionate but direct and honest report describing specifically how the person has
been hurt by their loved one's alcoholism ('Alcoholism' 2006).
Moreover, the family and friends should express their affection for the patient and
their intentions for supporting the patient through recovery, but they must strongly and
consistently demand that the patient seek treatment ('Alcoholism' 2006). Children may
even be involved in this process, depending on their level of maturity and ability to
handle the situation ('Alcoholism' 2006). With this interventions, the alcoholic
adolescents can be helped by their parents and loved ones, and be guided regarding what
they should do with their life.
Employer Intervention – For adolescents who are working, their employers can be also
particularly effective ('Alcoholism' 2006). Their approach should also be compassionate
but strong, threatening the employee with loss of employment if he or she does not seek
help ('Alcoholism' 2006). Some large companies provide access to inexpensive or free
treatment programs for their workers ('Alcoholism' 2006). These rehabilitation programs
can be helpful for the alcoholics to realize their worth as individuals in the company. In
this way, they can be motivated to undergo treatment and in turn, become productive.
Long-Term Treatment – This is when the alcoholic decides to participate in the treatment
from the Alcoholics Anonymous. To achieve total abstinence as being done by the
patients, the alcoholic aims to avoid high-risk situations and replace the addictive patterns
with satisfying, time-filling behaviors ('Alcoholism' 2006).
Moreover, many alcohol treatment programs are based on the 12-step program,
which is used in Alcoholics Anonymous, where the alcoholics are encouraged to be open
and share experiences, but are not required to do so ('Treatment for Alcoholics' 2006).
Those who are serious about quitting must seek out a sponsor, which help them through
their recovery process, and this person is available to them in case they are having a weak
moment or if they just need words of encouragement ('Treatment for Alcoholics' 2006).
Inspiring Words – It has been reported that alcohol treatment programs are designed to
get the person back on track physically and emotionally, so that they can face their
addiction and gain control of their lives ('Treatment for Alcoholics' 2006). Self-esteem
and self-worth is greatly distorted by the addiction, so treatment interventions include
group and individual therapy to get at the root of the trauma which may have caused the
cycle to begin in the first place ('Treatment for Alcoholics' 2006). Inspiring words can be
beneficial for the alcoholic adolescent to become motivated to undergo treatment. With
this, the family and friends can help by talking frequently to the patient.
Drugs and Medication – The alcoholic must discover what causes them to drink, whey
they cannot stop, and what counter measures they can use when these triggers occur
('Treatment for Alcoholics' 2006). Recovering alcoholics may also benefit from
prescribed medications, such as anti-depressants or anti-anxiety drugs to help them
control their physical symptoms of withdrawal, which can only be prescribed by a
medical doctor or psychiatrist ('Treatment for Alcoholics' 2006). However, the parents or
guardian of the patient must supervise the patient in administering treatment of drugs. In
this way, the patient can be given the proper dose of the medication and can be ensured of
proper treatment.
Preventive Measures
The saying 'an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure' is applicable in this
situation. With earlier prevention and information, many adolescents will not be involved
in drinking at an early age. With this, parents and guardians of the adolescents must take
responsibility over them to inform them of the consequences of being an alcoholic.
It has been reported that one way to prevent adolescent drinking is to stay
involved and interested in the teenager's life ('Alcoholism' 2004). In this way, the parents
know the activities of their children, including their peers and their schedule in school.
Another way is to talk openly to your children, especially to pre-teens and teens, about
the widespread presence and dangers of alcohol and drugs ('Alcoholism' 2004). This will
serve as a warning for them and information to prevent the incidence of alcoholism. Act
as a role model and do not drink excessively or use other drugs or smoke ('Alcoholism'
2004). The adolescents will realize that their parents are good example of moral values,
and not indulge themselves to becoming alcoholics.
With these, the parents can interact properly with their children and somehow
monitor their behavior. The key concept in this issue is communication. With good and
constant communication, parents and children can have a good and lasting relationship.
This can help both parties to educate one another regarding life and become involved
with the activities of one another. Good communication can help each other create a good
environment for one another.
Conceptual Framework
This study is a descriptive type of research. It will attempt to describe the profile
of alcohol intoxication related offenses in Coron, Palawan. This study involves three
major variables: the independent variable being the characteristics of alcohol
intoxication related offenses, the intervening variable if the profile of the respondents
and the dependent variable is the alcohol intoxication related offenses in Coron,
Palawan. This study will involve the seven barangays in the town proper of Coron:
Baranangays 1, 2, 3,4, 5,6, and Barangay Tagumpay. The number of respondents will
depend on the person who knows of alcohol intoxication related offenses in the
barangay.
Research Paradigm
Independent Variable Intervening Variable Dependent Variable
Profile of the
respondent in terms;
a..age, Alcohol
Characteristics of
Alcohol
Intoxication Related
Intoxication Related b. sex,
Offenses Offenses in Coron
c. civil status,
Type equation here.
d.occupation,
e.religion,
Figure 1. Research paradigm
Research Hypothesis
Based on the review of related literature and studies, the following hypothesis is
formulated:
There are no alcohol intoxication related offenses in Coron.
Definitions of Terms
Alcohol- a clear liquid that has a strong smell that is used in some medicines and other
products and that is the substance in liquors (such as beer, wine, or whiskey) that can
make a person drunk.
Crime - an illegal act for which someone can be punished by the government.
Intoxication- is a condition that follows that administration of a psychoactive substance
and results in disturbance in the level of consciousness, cognition, perception, judgment
affect or other psycho physiological functions and responses.
Community- a group of people who live in the same area (such as a city, town or
neighborhood. It is also a group of people who have the same interest, and religion.
Alcoholism-also known as a alcohol user disorder, it is also abroad term for any drinking
of alcohol that result in problems.
Drugs- an illegal often harmful substance (such as heroin, cocaine, LSD or marijuana)
that people take for pleasure.
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter will describe in details the research method and procedure of the study.
It includes the following; Research design, Population, research instruments, the data
gathering procedure, and the statistical techniques used in the analysis of data.
Research Design
This study entitled “Perception of Grade Ten Students of Coron School of
Fisheries on the use of English as a Second Language” will use the descriptive-
correlational method. Descriptive research tells about the existing situation of an event
(Zulueta, et al: 2006) while correlation refers to the relationship that would be established
when pairing variables. In this study, the respondent’s profile; age, sex, and language
spoken at home, and socio-economic status will be correlated with their perception on the
use of English as a second language.
Population and Sample
The Grade 10 students of Coron School of Fisheries will be the respondents on
this study. To determine the sample out of the 355 Grade 10 students, the Slovin’s
Formula will be used.
Data Gathering Instrument
A researcher-made questionnaire will be used as the main data gathering
instrument. It is composed of 20 statements that may be perceived by the respondents on
the use of English as a Second language. It is a convenient simple survey where the
respondents can easily provide responses by checking the appropriate answer that is
applicable to them.
Data Collection Procedure
A letter of request to conduct the research study will be addressed to the School
Administrator of Coron School of Fisheries. The researcher will finalize the
questionnaire, then, personally administer them to the students. All answers of the
respondents will be treated with confidentiality. After gathering the data, they will then
be tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted.
Statistical Treatment
In analyzing the data of this study, the Frequency and Ranking, Weighted Mean,
and Pearson Product Moment Correlation will be used.
Frequency- is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
Ranking- is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any two items, the
first is either ‘ranked higher than’, ‘ranked lower than’ or ‘ranked equal to’ the
second.
Weighted Mean- is a kind of average.
Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient- is a measure of the strength
of a linear association between two variables and is denoted by r.
Republic of the Philippines
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Coron, Palawan
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondents:
We are currently conducting a research on Alcohol Iintoxication Related Offenses in
Barangays of Coron. In view of this, below are questions addressed to gather pertinent
data on our topic. Please feel free to provide data and answer the questions below. The
information you will provide on this research is treated CONFIDENTIAL and will only
be used for this academic undertaking.
Thank you very much!
Part I. Please provide the necessary personal information below. Your identity will be
confidential and will only be used for purposes of validating your residential status in
Coron. You may optional not to write your name on the name space.
Name: (Optional) ________________________________________
Age: _____________ Gender: Male___ Female___ Civil status____________
Religion______________ Occupation_________________
Part 2 Alcohol Intoxication Related Offenses.
OO HINDI
1. Alam mo ba na ang alak ay isa sa mga druga? _____ _____
2. Alam mo ba na masama ang alak sa katawan? _____ _____
3. Nakagawa ka na ba ng krimen dahil sa alak? _____ _____
4. Alam mo bang may kaukulang kaso kapag ikaw _____ _____
ay napatunayag nasailamin ng alak?
5. Sa amin na buwan,lagi kabang umiinon ng alak? _____ _____
REFERENCES
