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Working:: Date: 09-12-2019 Day: Thursday

The document discusses the Rockwell hardness test, which measures the indentation hardness of a material by pressing an indenter into the surface under different loads and measuring the depth of penetration. It describes how the test is performed using a Rockwell hardness tester, which applies a minor load first to form an initial indentation before applying a major load and then measuring the difference after recovery. The results are reported as a Rockwell hardness number that indicates the indentation hardness and reproducibility of the test for different materials.

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38 views2 pages

Working:: Date: 09-12-2019 Day: Thursday

The document discusses the Rockwell hardness test, which measures the indentation hardness of a material by pressing an indenter into the surface under different loads and measuring the depth of penetration. It describes how the test is performed using a Rockwell hardness tester, which applies a minor load first to form an initial indentation before applying a major load and then measuring the difference after recovery. The results are reported as a Rockwell hardness number that indicates the indentation hardness and reproducibility of the test for different materials.

Uploaded by

ibrahim3wattoo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Date: 09-12-2019 Day: Thursday

Subject: ROCKWELL HARDNESS TEST

Name: ABDULLAH HAROON SHAHID Roll no: 190631

Submitted to: ME-Engr ADEEL IQBAL

INTRODUCTION:
The Rockwell scale is a hardness scale based on indentation hardness of a material. The Rockwell
test measuring the depth of penetration of an indenter under a large load compared to the
penetration made by a minor load. There are different scales, denoted by a single letter, that use
different loads or indenters. The result is a dimensionless number noted as HRA, HRC, etc.,
where the last letter is the respective Rockwell scale . When testing metals, indentation hardness
correlates linearly with tensile strength.

The Rockwell hardness test measures hardness in the simplest way possible: by pressing an
indenter into the surface of the material with a specific load and then measuring how far the
indentor was able to penetrate. Most of the time, the indenter is made of either a steel ball or a
diamond.

WORKING:
The hardness measurement is carried out using the Rockwell hardness tester. The test specimens
are placed on a steel anvil and are brought into contact with a minor load , which for testing
plastic materials is a steel ball. This forms the surface indented to “B.” The dial is adjusted to zero
under the minor load and a major load is released , which causes the ball to indent into the
plastic test specimen, forming the indented surface “D.” After 15 seconds, the major load is
removed and a partial recovery from the indentation takes place. Then, after another 15 seconds
, the hardness is read on the gauge of the instrument with the minor load still applied while the
surface recovers to “R.”

The distance “R-B” is used to calculate the Rockwell hardness.


For certain types of plastic materials, particularly those having creep and recovery
characteristics, the time periods during the applications of major and minor loads affect the
results of the hardness measurements.

For thermoplastic materials, the results are usually reported with R scale or M scale readings.
The R scale means a 60.00 kg major load and a 0.50 in (12.70 mm) diameter indenting ball are
used. The M scale uses a 100.00 kg major load and a 0.25 in (6.35 mm) diameter ball. The E
scale, for thermoset materials, uses a 100.00 kg major load and 0.125 in (3.17 mm) diameter
ball.

The Rockwell hardness number is directly related to the indentation hardness of the plastic
material . Readings are reported to be reproducible to ±2 scale units of measure for certain hard,
homogeneous materials. Softer polymeric materials will give a wider range of variation in the
surfaces .

At least five tests should be run and an average value should be reported. ASTM
recommends reporting readings between zero and 100, although readings up to 120 are
permissible.

____________________________

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