1) What Is Node - JS?: o o o o

1) What is Node.js?
Node.js is Server-side scripting which is used to build scalable programs. It is a web application
framework built on Google Chrome's JavaScript Engine. It runs within the Node.js runtime on
Mac OS, Windows, and Linux with no changes. This runtime facilitates you to execute a
JavaScript code on any machine outside a browser.
2) Is Node.js free to use?

Yes. It is released under MIT license and is free to use.
3) Is Node a single threaded application?

Yes. Node is a single-threaded application with event looping.
4) What is the purpose of Node.js?

These are the following purposes of Node.js:
o Real-time web applications
o Network applications
o Distributed systems
o General purpose applications
5) What are the advantages of Node.js?

Following are the main advantages of Node.js:
o Node.js is asynchronous and event-driven. All API?s of Node.js library are non-blocking,
and its server doesn't wait for an API to return data. It moves to the next API after
calling it, and a notification mechanism of Events of Node.js responds to the server from
the previous API call.
o Node.js is very fast because it builds on Google Chrome?s V8 JavaScript engine. Its
library is very fast in code execution.
o Node.js is single threaded but highly scalable.
o Node.js provides a facility of no buffering. Its application never buffers any data. It
outputs the data in chunks.
6) Explain Node.js web application architecture?

A web application distinguishes into 4 layers:
o Client Layer: The Client layer contains web browsers, mobile browsers or applications
which can make an HTTP request to the web server.
o Server Layer: The Server layer contains the Web server which can intercept the request
made by clients and pass them the response.
o Business Layer: The business layer contains application server which is utilized by the
web server to do required processing. This layer interacts with the data layer via
database or some external programs.
o Data Layer: The Data layer contains databases or any source of data.
7) What do you understand by the term I/O?

I/O stands for input and output. It accesses anything outside of your application. It loaded into
the machine memory to run the program, once the application starts.
8) How many types of API functions are available in Node.js?
There are two types of API functions in Node.js:
o Asynchronous, Non-blocking functions
o Synchronous, Blocking functions
9) What is error-first callback?

Error-first callbacks are used to pass errors and data. If something goes wrong, the programmer
has to check the first argument because it is always an error argument. Additional arguments
are used to pass data.
fs.readFile(filePath, function(err, data) {
if (err) {
//handle the error
}
// use the data object
});
10) What is an asynchronous API?

All the API's of Node.js library are asynchronous means non-blocking. A Node.js based server
never waits for an API to return data. The Node.js server moves to the next API after calling it,
and a notification mechanism of Events of Node.js responds to the server for the previous API
call.
11) How can you avoid callbacks?

To avoid callbacks, you can use any one of the following options:
o You can use modularization. It breaks callbacks into independent functions.
o You can use promises.

o You can use yield with Generators and Promises.
12) Does Node.js provide Debugger?
Yes, Node.js provides a simple TCP based protocol and built-in debugging client. For debugging
your JavaScript file, you can use debug argument followed by the js file name you want to
debug.
Syntax:
1. node debug [script.js | -e "script" | <host>:<port>]
13) What is a control flow function?

Control flow function is a generic piece of code that runs in between several asynchronous
function calls.
14) How "Control Flow" controls the functions calls?

The control flow does the following job:
o Control the order of execution

o Collect data
o Limit concurrency
o Call the next step in a program
15) Is it possible to access DOM in Node?

No, it is not possible to access DOM in Node.
16) What types of tasks can be done asynchronously using the event loop?
o I/O operations
o Heavy computation
o Anything requiring blocking
17) What is REPL in Node.js?
REPL stands for Read Eval Print Loop. It specifies a computer environment like a window
console or Unix/Linux shell where you can enter a command, and the computer responds with
an output.
REPL environment incorporates with Node.js.
18) Explain the tasks of terms used in Node REPL.

Following are the terms used in REPL with their defined tasks:
Read: It reads user's input; parse the input into JavaScript data-structure and stores in memory.
Eval: It takes and evaluates the data structure.
Print: It is used to print the result.
Loop: It loops the above command until user press ctrl-c twice to terminate.
19) Is it possible to evaluate simple expressions using Node REPL?

Yes. You can evaluate simple expressions using Node REPL.
20) What is the use of the underscore variable in REPL?
In REPL, the underscore variable is used to get the last result.

C:\Nodejs_WorkSpace>node
> var x = 10
undefined
> var y = 20
undefined
>x+y
30
> var sum = _
undefined
> console.log(sum)
30
undefined
>
21) Does Node.js supports cryptography?

Yes, Node.js Crypto module supports cryptography. It provides cryptographic functionality that
includes a set of wrappers for open SSL's hash HMAC, cipher, decipher, sign and verify
functions. For example:
const crypto = require('crypto');

const secret = 'abcdefg';
const hash = crypto.createHmac('sha256', secret)
.update('Welcome to JavaTpoint')
.digest('hex');
console.log(hash);
22) What is npm? What is the main functionality of npm?

npm stands for Node Package Manager. Following are the two main functionalities of npm:
o Online repositories for node.js packages/modules which are searchable on
search.nodejs.org
o Command line utility to install packages, do version management and dependency

management of Node.js packages.
23) What tools can be used to assure a consistent style in Node.js?
Following is a list of tools that can be used in developing code in teams, to enforce a given style
guide and to catch common errors using static analysis.
o JSLint
o JSHint
o ESLint
o JSCS
24) What is the difference between operational and programmer errors?

Operational errors are not bugs, but create problems with the system like request timeout or
hardware failure. On the other hand, programmer errors are actual bugs.
25) What is the difference between the global installation of dependencies and
local installation of dependencies?
o Global installation of dependencies is stored in /npm directory. While local installation
of dependencies stores in the local mode. Here local mode refers to the package
installation in node_modules directory lying in the folder where Node application is
present.
o Globally deployed packages cannot be imported using require() in Node application
directly. On the other hand, locally deployed packages are accessible via require().
o To install a Node project globally -g flag is used.

C:\Nodejs_WorkSpace>npm install express ?g
To install a Node project locally, the syntax is:
C:\Nodejs_WorkSpace>npm install express
26) What is the use of a buffer class in Node.js?

The Node.js provides Buffer class to store raw data similar to an array of integers but
corresponds to a raw memory allocation outside the V8 heap. It is a global class and can be
accessed in an application without importing a buffer module. Buffer class is used because pure
JavaScript is not compatible with binary data. So, when dealing with TCP streams or the file
system, it's necessary to handle octet streams.
27) What is the role of assert in Node.js?
The Node.js Assert is a way to write tests. It provides no feedback when running your test
unless one fails. The assert module provides a simple set of assertion tests that can be used to
test invariants. The module is intended for internal use by Node.js, but can be used in
application code via require ('assert'). For example:
var assert = require('assert');

function add (a, b) {
return a + b;
}
var expected = add(1,2);

assert( expected === 3, 'one plus two is three');
28) What are the streams in Node.js?

The Streams are the objects that facilitate you to read data from a source and write data to a
destination. There are four types of streams in Node.js:
o Readable: This stream is used for reading operations.
o Writable: This stream is used for write operations.
o Duplex: This stream can be used for both reading and write operations.
o Transform: It is a type of duplex stream where the output computes according to input.
29) What is event-driven programming in Node.js?

In Node.js, event-driven programming means as soon as Node starts its server, it initiates its
variables, declares functions and then waits for an event to occur. It is one of the reasons why
Node.js is pretty fast compared to other similar technologies.
30) What is the difference between events and callbacks in Node.js?
Although, Events and Callbacks look similar the differences lies in the fact that callback
functions are called when an asynchronous function returns its result whereas event handling
works on the observer pattern. Whenever an event gets fired, its listener function starts
executing. Node.js has multiple in-built events available through the events module and
EventEmitter class which is used to bind events and event listeners.
31) What is the Punycode in Node.js?

The Punycode is an encoding syntax which is used to convert Unicode (UTF-8) string of
characters to ASCII string of characters. It is bundled with Node.js v0.6.2 and later versions. If
you want to use it with other Node.js versions, then use npm to install Punycode module first.
You have to used require ('Punycode') to access it.
Syntax:
punycode = require('punycode');
32) What does Node.js TTY module contains?

The Node.js TTY module contains tty.ReadStream and tty.WriteStream classes. In most cases,
there is no need to use this module directly. You have to used require ('tty') to access this
module.
Syntax:
var tty = require('tty');

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1) What is Node.js?

2) Is Node.js free to use?

3) Is Node a single threaded application?

4) What is the purpose of Node.js?

o General purpose applications

5) What are the advantages of Node.js?

6) Explain Node.js web application architecture?

7) What do you understand by the term I/O?

9) What is error-first callback?

10) What is an asynchronous API?

11) How can you avoid callbacks?

o You can use promises.

1. node debug [script.js | -e "script" | <host>:<port>]

13) What is a control flow function?

14) How "Control Flow" controls the functions calls?

o Control the order of execution

15) Is it possible to access DOM in Node?

18) Explain the tasks of terms used in Node REPL.

19) Is it possible to evaluate simple expressions using Node REPL?

20) What is the use of the underscore variable in REPL?

In REPL, the underscore variable is used to get the last result.

21) Does Node.js supports cryptography?

const crypto = require('crypto');

22) What is npm? What is the main functionality of npm?

o Command line utility to install packages, do version management and dependency

24) What is the difference between operational and programmer errors?

o To install a Node project globally -g flag is used.

26) What is the use of a buffer class in Node.js?

var assert = require('assert');

var expected = add(1,2);

28) What are the streams in Node.js?

29) What is event-driven programming in Node.js?

31) What is the Punycode in Node.js?

32) What does Node.js TTY module contains?

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