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Assignment - 1 (Concept of Statistics)

This document contains solutions to questions about basic statistical concepts: 1. If the variance of a data set is 0, it means all values are the same, so the sample is not appropriate for analysis or there was no need for analysis in the first place. 2. Examples are provided to calculate the mean, median, mode, variance and standard deviation of a sample data set. 3. If a constant is added to each value in a data set, it increases the mean by that constant but does not change the other measures. 4. Definitions of data when referring to a single value vs. the full data set are given. 5. Inferential statistics allows using samples to

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32 views2 pages

Assignment - 1 (Concept of Statistics)

This document contains solutions to questions about basic statistical concepts: 1. If the variance of a data set is 0, it means all values are the same, so the sample is not appropriate for analysis or there was no need for analysis in the first place. 2. Examples are provided to calculate the mean, median, mode, variance and standard deviation of a sample data set. 3. If a constant is added to each value in a data set, it increases the mean by that constant but does not change the other measures. 4. Definitions of data when referring to a single value vs. the full data set are given. 5. Inferential statistics allows using samples to

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RITESH
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Assignment -1 (Concept of Statistics)

Sol 1. If the variance=0, that means the value or the data inside the column/variable are all the
same. So either the selected sample is not appropriate (in which case it shouldn’t be included in
Analysis) or there was never a need of analysis of the given data in first place.

∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 7+6+7+7+8+5+8+7+7+5+5
Sol 2. Mean = µ = 𝑛
= 11
=6.545 =6.55

Median: - 55567777788:- written in ascending order and as “7” is the middle term it would be
our median here.

Mode:-

Value Frequency
5 3
6 1
7 5
8 2

As “7” is with the highest frequency it is the mode here.

∑𝑛
𝑖=1 (𝑥𝑖 −µ)
Variance = 𝜎 2 = 𝑛
= ((7-6.55) 2 + (6-6.55) 2 + (7-6.55) 2 + (7-6.55) 2 + (8-6.55) 2 + (5-
6.55) 2 + (8-6.55) 2 + (7-6.55) 2 + (7-6.55) 2 + (5-6.55) 2 + (5-6.55) 2) / 11

= (0.45 2 +0.55 2 +0.45 2 + 0.45 2 + 1.45 2 + 1.55 2 + 1.45 2 + 0.45 2 + 0.45 2 + 1.55 2 +1.55
2)/11

= 1.157 (approx.)

∑𝑛
𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 −µ)
Standard Deviation = √ 𝑛
= √𝜎^2 = √1.157 = 1.076 (approx.)

∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 ∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖
Sol 3. Current Mean = 𝑛
= 12
=S

Which means ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 = 12S, now we are adding 36 to this amount (adding something to last
score is same as adding the same amount to summation): - 12S +36
12𝑆+36
So the new mean would become = 12
= S+3, so mean increases by 3.
Sol 4. Data (singular): The value of the variable associated with one element of a population or
sample. This value may be a number, a word, or a symbol.

Data (plural): The set of values collected for the variable from each of the elements belonging
to the sample

For example:-

A: 5, 6, 3...

B: 4, 3, 9...

Here Column A and Column B are the variables of data set. 5 is the single value of variable A
(data singular), all the values of variable A (data plural)

Sol 5. Inferential statistics are techniques that allow us to use the samples to make generalizations
about the populations from which the samples were drawn. As the result or inference gained from
this depends on how closely the sample represents the population, the process of sampling is an
important part of this process. The methods of inferential statistics are the estimation of parameters
and testing of statistical hypotheses.

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