Translated Copy of Volve PUD

Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Plan for utbyggingFebruar
og2005
drift av Volve
Utvinningstillatelse
046
February 2005
Graphic 40054_08
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Februar 2005
CONTENTS
Introduction and summary 6
1 6
1.1 Location and ownership 6
1.1.1 Location 6
1.1.2 License 6
1.2 History 6
1.3 Geological evaluation 7
1.4 Reservoirand recovery 7
1.5 Manufacturing technology 8
1.6 engineeringDrilling and well technology 8
1.7 Development solution 8
1.8 Operation and maintenance 9
1.9 Health, safety and environment 9
1.10 Organization and implementation 9
1.11 Closure plan 9
1.12 Economic analyzes and assessments 9 Area
1.13 assessment 10
2 History of the field 11
3 Geological evaluation 13
3.1 Summary 13
3.2 Seismic database and mapping 13
3.2.1 Provision environment, sedimentology and stratigraphy 15
3.3 Tectonic and stratigraphic developmentengineering 15
3.4 Geochemistry and migration history 16
3.5 Petrophysical evaluation 17
3.6 Geological model 18
3.7 Uncertainty calculation 19
4 Reservoirand recovery 21
4.1 Introduction 21
4.2 Well testing 21
4.3 Fluid datastrategy 21
4.4 Production 22
4.5 Production 22
4.5.1 forecastsOil production 23
4.5.2 forecastForecast for water production 23
4.5.3 Gas production forecast 24
4.6 Sensitivities and uncertainty 24
4.7 analysisDatain nsamling in drilling and production 26
4.8 Methods IOR 26
5 PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY 27
5.1 Introduction 27
5.2 Low Hydraulics 27
5.3 Production Chemicals 27
5.3.1 Sediment 27
5.3.2 Hydrates 28
5.3.3 Emulsions 28
5.3.4 asphaltene 28
5.3.5 H2 28
5.3.6 Wax 28
5.4 Water Handling 28
5.4.1 Utsira water production 28
5.4.2 Re-injection of produced water 28
5.5 gas handling 28
6 drilling and well technology 30
6.1 Introduction 30
6.2 Drillingprogram 30
6.2.1 Basic gas 30
6.2.2 Mud 31
6.3 Cuttings handling 31
6.4 completion 31
6.4.1 downhole completion equipment 31
6.4.2 Sand control 32
6.4.3 wellhead, xmas tree and riser system 32
6.4.4 rig 32
6.4.5 Well control and emergency 33
6.5 Time and cost estimate 33
7 Description development solution 34
7.1 Introduction 34
7.2 Alternative development 34
7.3 Basis for development 34
7.3.1 Functional requirements 34
7.3.2 Water depth 34
7.3.3 Environmental data 34
7.3.4 geotechnical conditions 34
7.4 Description selected concept 35
7.4.1 System Description and design capacity 35
7.4.2 FPF 35
7.4.3 Process plants and auxiliary 36
7.4.4 Export of oil 37
7.4.5 gas export 37
7.4.6 gas lift / gas injection 37
7.4.7 fish oil and gas measurementchemicals 37
7.4.8 Modifications, installations and marine operations 37
7.4.9 Production 38
7.4.10 Testing and start-up 38
7.5 Regularity of produced oil 38
8 Operation and Maintenance 39
8.1 Introduction 39
8.2 Organization and crew 39
8.3 Operation of the facilities 39
8.4 Maintenance 39
9 Health, safety and safety 40

9.1 Introduction 40
9.2 Target description 40
9.3 Acceptance criteria and requirements 40
9.4 Health, safety and health management 40
9.5 Safety 40
9.5.1 Principles 40
9.5.2 Risk analysis 41
9.5.3 Security strategies 41
9.5.4 Explosion 41
9.5.5 Preparedness 41
9.5.6 Safety in further work 41
9.6 HSE aspects in connection with drilling and completion 42
9.7 Working environment 42
9.7.1 Working environment assessments 42
9.7.2 Follow-up of working environment in further work 42
9.8 Environmental assessment of the chosen solution 42
9.8.1 Emissions to air 42
9.8.2 Emissions to sea 43
9.8.3 Wastes 43
9.8.4 Environmental risk analysis 43
9.8.5 Impact assessment 43
10 Organization and implementation 44
10.1 Project management system 44
10.1.1 Objectives and instruments 44
10.1.2 Documentation of management systemresponsibility 44
10.2 Organization description 44
10.2.1 Operator 44
10.2.2 The planning and development organization 44
10.2.3 Operating Organization 45
10.2.4 Coordination with other fields 45
10.2.5 Recruitment to the development and operating organization 45
10.2.6 Competence requirements and training 45
10.2.7 Staff Requirements 45
10.3 compared to industry and society 46
10.3.1 Economic consequences 46
10.3.2 Procurement 46
10.3.3 Use of research and development results 46
10.4 Project Plan 46
10.5 verification and monitoring of the main contracts 46
11 Closing plan 47
11.1 Introduction 47
11.2 Production facilities 47
11.3 Costs of shutdown and removal 47
12 Economic analyzes and assessments 48
12.1 Development and operating costs 48
12.1.1 Investments 48
12.1.2 Leasing costs for production facilities 48

12.1.3 Operator operating costs 49
12.1.4 Removal and plug costsprofile 49
12.1.5 Costfor economic calculations 49
12.2 Economic analyzes 50
12.2.1 Economic assumptions 50
12.2.2 Profitability 50
12.2.3 Zero price 50
12.2.4 Cash flow 50
12.3 Project 51
12.3.1 uncertaintyUncertainty in economic analyzes 51
12.3.2 Sensitivity 51 Area
13 profileassessment 52
13.1 Introduction 52
13.2 Additionaland appraisal strategy 52
1 Introduction and summary

volumesThis report presents the Plan for
Development and Operation (PDO) for the
Volve field in block 15/9, Production License
046 (PL046). The report summarizes results
from studies, analyzes and tenders that have
led to the recommended development solution.
The decision base is described in greater detail
in support binder within geology, reservoirs,
production technology, drilling and concept
description, as well as in a conse- quence
investigation that has been sent to the
authorities. This chapter provides a brief
summary of the PDO for the Volve field. Figur 1.1 - Områdekart
Oil fields and finds are marked with green
while gas / condensate is shown in red
1.1 Location and ownership
1.1.1 Location
Volve is an oilfield located in block 15/9 about
200 km west of Stavanger and about 8 km 1.1.2 License Conditions
north of Sleipner A platform, see Figure 1.1. Production License 046 was awarded in the
The water depth in the area is approx. 90 m. third license round 1976 with Statoil ASA as
operator for blocks 15/8 and 15/9. The license
includes Sleipner East, Sleipner West, Gugne
and Loke fields as well as non commercial
area (defined as PL 046 "outside").
The ownership of Volve is the same as for
Sleipner East and Loke, while large parts of
the upside potential around Volve are in the
"outside" area, which has the same ownership
distribution as the Gungne field, see Figure 1.2
and Table 1.1
Sleipner PL046
East / Outside
Loke / (including
Volve Gungne)
Statoil ASA 49.6% 52.6%
ExxonMobil Exp. & Prod. Norway AS 30.4% 28.0%
Norsk Hydro Production as 10.0% 9.4%
Total Norway AS 10.0% 10.0%
Table 1.1 - Ownership in PL 046 and Volve
Page 6

Figure 1.2 - Overview of PL 046 area with area definition on Ty and Hugin level.
deeper than that used in the base model (OVK

1.2 Read History The at 3120 m below sea level). The mapping of
Volve field is a smaller oil-bearing structure the field is based on seabed seismic data where
located centrally in block 15/9. Well 15 / 9- the following reflectors have been interpreted;
19SR demonstrated oil in the structure in 1993 Intra Hod, Bottom Crayon, Bottom "Hot
and 2 appraisal wells have since been drilled. Shale", Top Hugin, Bottom Hugin, and Topp
Well 15 / 9-19A was drilled in 1996 and Zechstein. In addition, many of the returns
demonstrated a much thicker reservoir than have been interpreted in detail.
the wellbore. Well 15 / 9-19B was drilled in There is still uncertainty associated with the
1997 in a segment outside the field and here interpretation of seismic data, especially this
the reservoir was waterfilled. Both wells in the concerns the western flank of Volve. In
oil zone have been production tested and retrospect of the work underlying this plan,
showed good production characteristics. further reprocessing of seabedism has been
carried out. These data will be interpreted, and
1.3 Geological evaluation The any adjustments to the reservoir model and
optimization of wellbore will be made before
Volve field is a 2x3 km, rejection-related drilling.
structure, with a total of 27.5 million Sm3 present
oil found. The reservoir consists of the Hugin
formation of middle law age and is developed 1.4 Reservoir Technical and Extensive
in the area as a sandstone package of varying Conditions
thickness. The reservoir is in the range of 2750 In the reservoir engineering work, a dynamic
- 3120 m depth below the sea surface. It reservoir simulation model has been used based
consists of high net / gross ratio (93sandstone on geological and seismic mapping. The
%), a porosity of 21% and a well-known reservoir pressure is 340 bar at 3060 m and the
permeability of approx. 1 Darcy. The water reservoir temperature is here 110°C. The oil has
saturation in the oil zone is on average 20%. a varyingratio of 111 to
No contacts have been penetrated into the 157 Sm3/ Sm3 G / Oand corresponding to the
field, which provides an OVK potential formation volume factor (Bo) from 1.33 to 1 ,
significantly 45 m3/ cm3. The oil in the field is planned to be
extracted using
Plan for utbygging
downflange waterog drift av Volvewith production
injection Februar 2005
The three production wells are planned to be
wells placed high on the structure. It is supplemented with gas lift equipment.
expected to produce a total of about 11.4 mill
Sm3 oil and 1.5 billion Sm3 rich gas for export The drilling site is selected to minimize the risk
to the Sleipner A platform. This is based on an of ground gas, as well as giving drill access to
economic rate of at least 2100 Sm3/ d. all identified prospects for Volve.
The drilling is planned with water-based sludge
1.5 Production technology in the top hole sections, and with oil-based
sludge in the 8½ "and 12¼" sections.
The production engineering challenges of
producing the oil in Volve fields are related
to high levels of Barium in the formation 1.7 Development solution The
water, high content of asphalt in the oil, and development solution (see Figure 1.2) is based
production of water from the Utsira on the rent of the existing Maersk Inspirer (MI)
formation using electric pumps, ESP platform, which is built as a drilling rig. The
(Electrical Submer- Sible Pumps). Utsira platform will be equipped with a processing
water is used to avoid deposits in the plant for separation and export of oil and gas
formation and process equipment. and a wellhead area that allows to extract up to
13 wells according to. the contract underlying
1.6 Drilling and well technology The this plan. The platform enables drilling or well
intervention with simultaneous oil and gas
volve field is planned to be developed with production. The rig was completed at shipyard
three oil production wells and three water in Korea in 2004 and has arrived in the North
injection wells. In addition, it is planned to Sea. It will start on a contract on the English
drill two water production wells to the Utsira page before the Volve contract. The rig will thus
Formula for Production of Injection Water. be regarded as "hot" and run into a drill rig
Planned drilling start-up at Volve is year-end when it starts work on Volve.
2006/07. There is a risk of delayed startup The gas will be exported to Sleipner A while the
due to. possible delay with the installation of oil will be exported to the Navion Saga storage
the wintertime installation. vessel.
Volve will have valve trees on the platform
and have available drilling facilities in the
production phase. This will provide easy
access to the wells for intervening, sidestage
drilling or drilling to nearby prospects.
Figure 1.2 - Volving Development
Concept The platform of the check-up platform is designed for the following capabilities.
Oil production 9,000 Sm3/ d Rich gas 1.5 MSm3/ d
Water treatment 10,400 m3/ d Gas lift 0.45 MSm3/ d
Total fluid treatment 13,000 m3/ d Water injection 16,000 m3 / d
Plan for utbygging
Processed og be
oil will drifttransferred
av Volve to storage - Februar 2005
1.10 Organization and implementation
the ship via a flexible 8 "pipe. The storage
vessel, with a capacity of mills barrel, is The performance of Statoil's operator
anchored to the field using a 9-anchor responsibility during the development phase
Submerged Turret Loading (STL) bend. The will be ensured by a dedicated organizational
vessel is leased from Navion Offshore unit within the Technology and Projects (T &
Loading (NOL), a subsidiary of Teekay P) business area.
Norway. The gas is transferred to a 7.4 There will be close cooperation with the
"pipeline via the seabed frame D on Sleipner Sleipner organization throughout the project
East Field and further into SLA plants. The phase as the Liability Responsibility for
gas is processed and exported as dry gas to PL046 is situated. Sleipner's Product Manager
Europe and wet gas / condensate to Kårstø. is Chairman of the Board of Directors for
PL046.
1.8 Operation and maintenance At the start of production, the plan is to
Operation and maintenance of the production transfer Volve to Sleipner's operating
platforms will be carried out by Maersk organization in the Investigation and
Contractors, which owns and operates the Production business area.
plant on behalf of Statoil as operator of
PL046. Operation and maintenance of the 1.11 Termination plan
warehouse ship is carried out by Teekay When licensees and the authorities agree that
Norway. the Volve field can no longer be operated
The supply and base services will be economically, the contracts will be terminated
coordinated with corresponding services on using agreed cancellation mechanisms and the
the Sleipner fields to achieve economies of wells will be closed. The actual removal of the
scale. installations and shutdown of wells will be
carried out in accordance with current
1.9 Health, Safety and Environment regulations. The regulatory framework
provides guidelines for both shutdown of wells
The development and operation of Volve is and removal of installations.
based on the main objectives of Statoil's HSE
poster and principles for zero environmental STL bend with anchorage will be removed
harmful emissions. using an anchor handling vessel. The oil and
gas export pipelines will be evaluated. Due to
The safety objective for Volve Development is the fact that the pipes are dug, this can be
based on the authorities' requirements and difficult. Alternatives to removal and reuse
regulations, as well as Statoil's own will be to pinch the pipe ends.
guidelines.
The purpose of Health, Safety and 1.12 Economic analyzes and
Environment (HSE) has been central to the assessmentsanalyzes
checkout of the recommended concept and
choice of suppliers, and provides the basis for Profitabilitybased on 22 USD / barrel oil price
further pursuit of activities. Brent Blend (estimated at 18.70 USD / barrel
for Volve oil) gives a present value of 2350
Emphasis has been placed on safe, sound MNOK 2005 at 7% before tax and 443
solutions and limiting the consequences of an MNOK 2005 at 8% after tax. If a "forward" oil
accident. The installation officer consists of price of average 35 USD / barrel Brent blend
Maersk Contractor's own employees. Maersk is based, the profitability analysis shows a
Contractor's management systems are based as present value of 1190 MNOK 2005 at 8% after
much as possible, supplemented by Statoil's tax.
field-specific additional requirements. Statoil
attaches great importance to establishing a The project is not robust with low prices and
good HSE work aboard, and to ensure that the gives negative value at an oil price of 15
requirements and objectives of the authorities USD / barrel Brent Blend. The zero point price
and the Statoil for health, safety and the at 8% after tax is 17.50 USD / barrel. The
environment are fulfilled. development concept
Page 9
Plan for
with utbyggingaog drift
renting av Volve platform with
check-in Februar 2005
processing plantVolve area. Access to own
associated storage vessels gives a positive drilling facilities also opens for cost-effective
economy at low reserves (P90). In addition, exploration of oil prospects in the area.
the risk of cost overruns significantly reduces
due to the fact that large parts of the concept There are no documented concepts that can
have already been built. economically exploit existing infrastructure in
the area with the exception of gas exports to
the Sleipner A platform via Sleipner D. bottom
1.13 Area assessment The volvo frame. The
field is located in a typical gas / condensate platform is designed to extract multiple wells
dominated area in the North Sea. In an area if findings are found in any of the prospects in
development, the chosen development solution the immediate area. A decision will be taken
is considered to be the best solution because it on the possible drilling of the nearby prospects
will establish an oilin the in PL 046 at a later date.
10
2 History of History The

Volve field is a smaller oil-bearing structure
located centrally in block 15/9. The block
was awarded in the 3rd licensing round
(1976). In the block, 22 exploration and
appraisal wells have been drilled and large
amounts of gas / condensate have been
detected in the Sleipner West, Sleipner East,
Loke and Gungne fields.
The gas / condensate fields are now expanded
and about 50 production wells have been
drilled for this purpose.
The volve field was detected in 1993 with well
15/9-19SR. The well was drilled from Loke
seabed frame into a structure called Theta
West. Figure 2.2 - Bottom Hugin Horizon with Volve
Structure and Main Prospects Listed
Table 2.1 - Foundations and Foundations are listed below:
Well Y Fo Condensate / NGL / Gas Reserves (GSm3)

e un Oil Reserves
a d (MSm3)
r
15 / 6-3 1974 Sleipner Vest 44 1
0
8
15/9-9 1981 Sleipner East 51 63
15 / 9-15 1982 Swallowed 5 10
15 / 9-19SR 1993 Volve 11,4 1,
5
The purpose of the well was to produce gas / In 1996, well 15 / 9-19A was drilled. The
condensate from the Ty formation [by Paleo- purpose of the well was to verify the resource
age]. The formation, however, proved to be base, clarify the reservoir thickness and oil /
water-filled and the well was then immersed in water contact. The well was drilled as a side-
the Hugin formation of middle age. well well from 19SR and hit oil-filled
The Hugin formation turned out to be oil-filled reservoirs. However, the reservoir was
and had a thickness of 18 meters in the well. significantly deeper than expected and was
The reservoir was production tested and gave much thicker (88 m). No oil / water contact
a submerged 290 API oil. The test range was observed in the well. Ayielded rates up to
showed goodand flowed at rates up to 1358 528 Sm3/ d of 270 production testAPI oil and
Sm3production properties/ d and a productivity with a productivity index of 63 Sm3/ D / Bar.
index of 143 Sm3/ D / Bar. Based on the positive information from the
A new seismic dataset was collected over the 15/19-19A well, the top reservoir was
area in 1994 (ST9407) and later reprocessed. retolored on seismic. The understanding at that
time was that this well had detected oil closely
at the game point between the Volve structure
and the Theta south structure southeast of
Volve.
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Page 11 Februar 2005
InPlan for utbygging
1997, well 15og/drift
9-19Bav Volve
was drilled in the Februar 2005
clean and also between the well and Sleipner
saddle area between the two structures. The East and Loke so that 15/19-19B gave a good
purpose of the well was to find the oil / water eastern boundary of the Volve structure.
contract and also to detect oil in Theta South.
However, the top reservoir was encountered The collection of seabed seismic data was
very deep in the well and was watery. made in 2002 (ST0202). The purpose was to
However, the thickness of the Hugin formation improve the structural imaging and reduce the
was greater than expected (about 120 m) and uncertainty in the resource base. The data set
had good porosity and permeability properties. has made a big improvement over the past and
Pressure measurements indicated sealing forms the basis for the current mapping of
between the well and the Volve struktu resources.
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve volumesand Volve South have been Februar 2005
included
3 Geological evaluation in the volume bill, while volumes in other
prospectuses are calculated in other contexts.
3.1 Summary The
An uncertainty study indicates higher P50 and
Volve field is a 2x3 km large, rejection-limited average volumes than in the base model. This
structure and is formed as a result of salt is largely due to the fact that it is more likely
movements and stretching below and to be deeper contact than a closer contact. In
immediately following the reservoir reservoir. terms of total uncertainty, contact uncertainty
The rescue voyage consists of the Hugin gives the greatest impact, but one also has a
formation of middle law age and is developed significant contribution from the uncertainty in
in the area as a package of mainly sandstone. seismic interpretation. As a result of this
The commissioning environment was tidal- uncertainty, deep-migrated data has been
dominated, which has resulted in a large processed, and is to be used for optimizing the
lateral extent of the sandstone layers. Oil has well positioning towards drilling start. In the
only begun migrating into the structure for reservoir engineering work, a dynamic travel
about 5-10 million years ago. The oil has been simulation model has been used based on
formed in the Sleipner Graben area about 10 geological and seismic mapping. The reservoir
km NV for Volve and migrating from the pressure is 340 bar at 3060 m and the reservoir
graben into the Volve structure. temperature is here 110°C. The oil has a
The mapping of the field is based on new varying G / O ratio of 111 to 157 Sm3/
seabedism. Depth conversion is carried out Smvolume3 (corrected for process simulations)
based on stacking speeds to peak crayons, and and corresponding to the formationfactor (Bo)
range speeds in the following ranges, top from 1.33 to 1.45 m3/ Sm3.
Cricket Ground Cricket, Bottom Cricket Top Table 3.1 - Uncertainty in volume present (all figures in
Hugin, and Top Hugin Bottom Hugin. The mill. Sm3)
interpretation uncertainty especially on the
Basi ave P90 P50 P10
western edge of the structure is significant, c rag
while the field is only to a small extent e
affected by the uncertainty in the depth Vol. 24.5 27.5 20. 26. 35.
conversion model. 9 7 2
The reservoir range is 2750 - 3120 m deep

below the sea surface. It consists of high net / 3.2 Seismic database and mapping
gross ratio (93sandstone The seismic interpretation of the Volve field is
%), a porosity of 21% and a well-known completed on a 4 component, 3D seismic data
permeability of approx. 1 Darcy. The water set (ST0202), which is a seabed-seismic data
saturation in the oil zone is on average 20%. collection with significantly increased quality
This gives an average hydrocarbon pore compared to regular seismic. ST0202 has
fraction of 15.6%. No contacts have been limited coverage and in the outside areas, the
penetrated into the field, which gives ST98M3, a common 3D seismic dataset, is a
opportunities for an oil-water contact "post stack" composition of a total of
significantly deeper than what is now 7 individual seismic data sets. The area's
considered most likely (OVK at 3120 m below coverage of seismic is shown in Figure 3.1. A
sea level). zero phase trapezoid wave signature is used to
Mapping of the volume present has been calibrate the seismic of the well observations.
carried out in a 14-layer model using the zone- The volve structure is structural complex and
average adjusted well values. The lag model is for the geological evaluation it has been
based on top and bottom reservoirs from necessary to map the most important
seismic as well as mapped rejection plans. The geological horizons in addition to the top and
outer limiting rejections on the field are bottom reservoirs. Charted horizons are Top
modeled as oblique, while internal fouling is Crayons, Top Intra
modeled as vertical. Possible additionalwest of
Volve
Plan Reflectors,
Hod for utbygging og drift av Volve
Bottom Cretaceous, Bottom Februar 2005
Figure 3.1 - Coverage of ST98M11
Hot Shale, Top Hugin, Bottom Hugin, Topp (colored area) and ST0202 (white square
Zechstein (Top Salt), and Top Rotliegendes. around Volve)
The purpose of the relatively extensive survey
has been to understand the tectonic and
stratigraphic development as well as to
facilitate a good depth conversion. A seismic
section along the 15 / 9-19SR wellbore is
shown in Figure 3.2 and illustrates the main
horizons.
Figure 3.2 -
Seismic section
from ST0202
along the 15 / 9-
19SR wellbore.
Main reflectors
are indicated
, further data quality

improvement has been
confirmed, and the new
data will be interpreted
before the start of the
drill. This may lead to
optimization of the
reservoir model and
changes to wellbore, etc.
During the work on the geological model for

Volve, the seismic data has become deeper.
Based on a quick assessment / interpretation of
these data, no major deviations have been
identified in relation to the documented model.
However
Plan Surface
3.2.1 for utbygging og drift av Volvesedimentology
environment, Februar 2005
less amounts of quartz cementbeen formed between
and stratigraphy The the grains.
Hugin reservoir in the Sleipner area is very
well known through a variety of exploration
and production wells. Extensive work has
been undertaken in connection with
semiregional studies in both biostratigraphy,
sedimentology and sequential trigraphy (see
Figure 3.3). For this reason, a common zone
has been established for the area and this is
also used on Volve (see Figure 3.4).
In the wells of Volve, the Hugin formation
consists of relatively pure sandstone deposited
on shallow water in a tidal-dominated system
with a change of tidal channels, tidal surfaces
and munitions banks. Compared to other tidal
reservoirs, however, only few clay layers or
other heterogeneities can be seen. The
Figure 3.3 - Bottom Hugin Horizon with Volve
sandstone is dominated by quartz grain with structure and main prospects includedsketch
only small amounts of clay and mica minerals.
The reservoir temperature is around 110oC and
thushave
Figure 3.4 - Principlefor reservoirs on Volve. Based on 15 / 9-2 (Sleipner West)

the Mesozoic Reservoir Units, which has
3.3 Tectonic and Stratigraphic the oil and gas / condensate leading structures.
Development. In addition, sen-Jura extensional tectonics
The structural development of Volve, as in the have affected the area and, among other
rest of the Sleipner area, is largely controlled things, created the Sleipner grab system just
by salt movements that affect both the west of Volve. Some fumes, especially on the
thickness of west flank
ofPlan for utbygging
Volve, og driftasavaVolve
are formed combination of salt Februar 2005
This is demonstrated by production in well test
movements and extensions. in 15 / 9-19SR and 15 / 9-19A. It is
The wells on Volve show great differences in nevertheless clear that the flow paths in the
the thickness of the Hugin reservoir (18-112 field are not precisely defined and that
m) and a lot of effort is put in understanding measures such as reperforation, sidebore
and predicting the thickness development . drilling and new wells may be necessary to
The studies show that the salt in the area in the ensure optimal drainage of the field.
past was found in a number of diapers, walls
and pillows. As a result of increased 3.4 Geochemistry and Migration
precipitation in Jura, these began to dissolve
History The volvo field contains a submerged
and thus created major differences in sight
27-29° API oil with a gas / oil ratio of 111 -
when the Hugin reservoir was deposited. Salt
157 Sm3/ Sm3. The oil is characterized by a
solution continued throughout the Upper
high content of asphaltenes (2-6%), sulfur
Jurassic period and above the previous salt
(2%), and aromatic components (52% C10 +)
structures, see today basins on the bottom
and is relatively unusual compared to other
chalk level (salt collapse pools). Of salt there
North Sea oils. The oil is formed from a type
is little left in the area. (see Figure 3.5).
II-S kerogen that typically occurs in pools with
In Callov when the Hugin formation was little clay and sandstone and is therefore
deposited, Volve was in the middle of an area characteristic of carbonate rocks.
with mostly sand deposition, while 5-10 km
In the Volve area, type II-S kerogen is detected
further north were more marine clay and 5-10
in the upper part of the Draupne formation,
km southwards were delta-clay clay and
which has a very high gamma log response, a
siltstone and peat that became deposited.
very high content of organic matter and a very
Within the sanding area there were powerful
rich source of rock. Type II-S kerogenet
tidal currents that could transport the sand and
becomes mature and forms oil at significantly
move it to areas with the most insight. It was
lower temperatures than other oil and gas
thus possible to seal a unit of thickness
kerogens. Termal maturity modeling of
ranging from 200 m on Sleipner West to 2 m
Sleipner Graben west and northwest of Volve
at Loke with almost identical net / gross ratios.
shows that the upper part of Draupne has
The major differences in sieve during and started to form oil just 10 million years ago.
immediately after deposition of the reservoir Studies of fluid closures in Volve indicate that
led to the formation of many rejections from the structure first began to fill up about 5-6
the areas without salt (Triass Heights) down to million years ago. The studies also show that
the collapse pools. These rejections evolved at migration from the source area into the Volve
a time when there was little overburden and must take place via sandstone slag in the
thus little pressure on the rejection plan. Upper Jurassic package. The migration of gas /
Therefore, the sand grains were only to a small condensate into Sleipner East has followed a
extent broken in the rejection and this means much longer route via Sleipner West and
that the potential for rejection seal is generally Gungne (see Figure 3.5). Gas / condensate can
low as long as it is true to true contact. In probably not be found in the Volve and Theta
addition, the rejections are typically limited in South area at a deeper level than what is now
length so that even though the maximum run seen in Sleipner East.
is often large, there are flow paths around
many of the rejections. Despite the many fears
internally on the field, communication is
therefore considered as good.
Figure 3.5 - Geosection over Sleipner East, Volve and Sleipner Graben. It is seen that the oil in Volve is formed in a local
source area of NV for Volve
corrected to reservoir ratios with calculated

3.5 Petrophysical Evaluation. porosity and shale volume.
Data from logs and cores has been used to Producible net sand is determined from an
calculate net sand, porosity, permeability and iterative procedure where manual picking of
hydrocarbon saturation in the Volve wells (15 / net sand at censored intervals has been used to
9-19SR, 15/9- 19A and 15 / 9-19BT2). Data determine cut-off criteria on cross-section of
from production tests, fluid samples and log and core data. The final curves roughly
formation pressure measurements are also correspond to a net sand criteria if the porosity
used in the general petrophysical is greater than 10% and the shale volume is
interpretation, which is based on methods and less than 0.5%.
algorithms used to evaluate the Hugin Water saturation parameters are determined
formation otherwise in the Sleipner area. In from Archies equation calibrated with data
total, there are 164 m of Hugin formation from core analysis. The average for the 3 wells
cores in the 3 wells. Cable wires are of good is shown in Table 3.2.
quality, while formation pressure
measurements are only taken in 15 / 9-19BT2. Pressure and temperature of the field is
The analysis of rock properties is done well determined at 340 bar and 1100 C at a
for well to ensure the highest possible reference depth of 3060 m below sea level.
correlation between core and log data.
Porosity is calculated by calibrating log data
with values measured in the cores and then
correct for reservoir workings.
Permeability is calculated from a multivariate
correlation between core permeability
Page 17
Plan3.2
Table for-from
utbygging og drift av Volve
the petrophysical evaluation (well average) Februar 2005
Well Top Botto Thickn Porosity Permeabilit Net sand Formulatio
M m ess y n
SVD M m (mD) parameters
SVD Water
saturation
15 / 9-19SR 2864 2883 19 0.23 1923 1.00 0.19
15 / 9-19A 3013 3101 88 0.20 522 0.93 0.21
15 / 9- 3149 3275 126 0.21 630 0.92 ------
19BT2volu
metric
purposes
oil / water contact was used, the most likely

3.6 Geological model contact is 3120 m below sea level.
Fora geological model has been built based on For volume billing, the field was divided into
the seismic mapping, sedimentological and a number of areas. The areas differ in
stratigraphic understanding as well as the particular in seismic uncertainty. Base volume
petrophysical evaluation. The framework for is calculated for each area and then summed
the model consists of the interpreted and up for the main areas.
deeply converted top and bottom reservoir Present volumes in Volve and nearby
surfaces where 14 reservoir zones have been prospectuses are given in Table 3.3.
established using stratigraphic modeling based
on the regional isokors from the Sleipner area
along with the well data. Figure 3.6 shows the
top Hugin reservoir. In the model, the external
limiting field rejections are modeled as
oblique, while internal rejections are modeled
as vertical. The solution in the grid is 25m the
horizontal plane while it is 1m the vertical
plane.
Establishment of petrophysic parameter maps
(net / gross, porosity and permeability) were
made using geostatistic prediction (krieging).
As neither geological or petrophysical
evidence could establish significant lateral or
vertical trends, such a way of proceeding
would provide maps that honor the well data
enforce a given correlation distance and have
average values in other areas. This provides
relatively smooth maps that are suitable for
volume calculation purposes, but do not
capture the full scale of reservoir
heterogeneities.
Water saturation was calculated on a grid cell Figure 3.6 - Top Hugin in Deep (m)
for grid cell basis. The calculation is based on
a summation of irreversible water saturation
and Leverett J function water saturation,
taking the basis of the grid cell permeability
and the height above the free water level. As
the
18
Plan3.3
Table for-utbygging og driftinavVolve
Present Volume Volveand Nearby Prospects. (BBV; gross rock volume, NBV; net rock volume;Februar
HKPV;2005
hydrocarbon pore volume; STOOIP; "Stock tank oil originally in place" = presence of oil at surface conditions)
BBV NBV Pore HKPV STOOIP

Area Volume
Mill. Mill. Mill. m3 Mill. Sm3
m3 m3 Mill. m3
Volve 4-way closure 217.4 201.7 40.3 34.1 24.5
Volve South 57.6 52.5 10.4 8.2 5.9
Other prospects 5.2 4.7 0.9 0.6 0.4
Total 280.1calcu 258.9stud 51.7 42.9 30.8
lation The y
uncertaint
y
combined to give a probability distribution of

3.7 Uncertainty the amount of oil present in overflow
is based on specified uncertainties in seismic (STOOIP), see Table 3.4, which provides the
interpretation, depth conversion, petrophysical voltage in the present oil in Volve together
variables and the expansion factor (Bo). The with the prospects surveyed.
uncertainties are
Table 3.4 - Results from the uncertainty study (CV is variation coefficient)
Base Cut P90 P50 P10 Standard
CV
Mill. Mill. Sm3 Mill. Sm3 Mill. Mill. Sm3 deviation
Sm3 Sm3
East 19.9 19.2 15.9 19.1 22.8 2.6 14
West 4.6 8.3 3.4 7.5 14.6 4.3 52
Volve closure 24.5 27.5 20.9 26.7 35.2 5.5 20
Prospects 6.3 13.8 5.0 9.9 30.0 11.6 84
Risked Prospects 3.9 9.4 0.2 6.7 24.3 11.1 118
Total 30.8 41.3 27.2 36.4 64.7 15.8 38
Total risk volumes 28.4 36.9 23.0 32.8 58.2 14.8 40
Uncertainty in gross rock volume is handled Table 3.5 - Probability of Different Contacts
by stochastic modeling of the uncertainties in Possible OVK Probability%
seismic interpretation and depth conversion. (m)
For each run, values have been drawn from 3105 24
each area and these values have resulted in a
new set of top and bottom reservoir maps. The 3120 21
volume in this model has then been calculated
3135 28
and a total of 2500 models have been run.
3170 14
Since no wells have encountered a contact,
there is great uncertainty in the level of oil / 3260 7
water contact. There have therefore been
3330 6 The
established 3 different models for contact and
through a weighting of these the probability of
different discrete contacts has been specified
(see table 3.5). The probability is greatest for a uncertainty in petrophysics values is low due
contact 5-35 m below oil down to the situation to good data from the wells and a good
in well 15 / 9-19A (3101m), but it also opens knowledge of the distribution of sandstone and
the possibility of significantly deeper contacts. slate in Hugin reservoir in the area of Volve.
Uncertainty is considered to be +/- 12% of
hydro-
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Page 19 Februar 2005
Table 3.7 - Uncertainty in Bo factor (m3/ Sm3)
Plan for utbygging og drift (HKPF)
karbonporefraksjonen av Volve correlated for Februar 2005
Bo 1.27 1.3 1.3 1.41 1.5
all zones and areas of the field (see Table 3.6). 65 85 5
Probability 5% 25 40 25% 5%
% %
Table 3.6 - Uncertainty in Hydrocarbon
Sensitivities have been studied to assess the
factors which contribute most to the
uncertainty image (Figure 3 -7). Overall, it is
possible for a deeper contact which is the most
Pore Fracture The uncertainty of the Bo factor important factor. This also applies to the Volvo
used for conversion of hydrocarbon pore structure in isolation, although the overall
volume to surface volume is shown in ttbell uncertainty here is less and the uncertainty in
3.7. Input is based on oil and gas analyzes seismic interpretation is relatively significant.
from 2 wells in the oil zone, and assessments Uncertainty in petrophysics, depth conversion
of how representative they are for the and factor is less important. For the prospects
structure. around Volve, there is also a great deal of
uncertainty about whether they contain oil or
not (risk factor).
Coefficient of Variation (CV) - sources of uncertainty in STOIIP

1
4
0 Seismic int.
Velocity Fluid
2 T Volve Prospe
1
0 o closure cts contact
2 t
0 a Petrophysics
0 l
Bo-factor Risk
Total
1 uncertainty
0
0
%
8
0
6
0
4
0
Figure 3-7 - Different

Factors Contributing to
the Uncertainty Image
20
4 Plan for utbygging
Reservoir og drift av Volve
Technical and Extraction Conditions Februar 2005
4.1 Introduction
In the reservoir engineering work,has been used
a dynamic reservoir simulation modelbased on 4.2 Well
the geological and seismic survey established
testing Four well tests are performed on the
in 2002/03. The model has 14 layers of
Volve field. The main results of the oil
reservoir parameters in each layer based on
production tests are shown in Table 4.1.
petrophysical analysis of the three wells. The
Highest production rate was
top of the Volve reservoir is 2750 m below
1,358 Sm3/ d with a calculated productivity
average sea level (MHN). The reservoir
index of 142.5 Sm3/ d / bar and average
pressure is 340 bar at 3060 m MHN and the
permeability at 1300 md. This shows that the
reservoir temperature increases with the depth
re- gardoar has very good production
of 106 to 110°C. The oil / water contact
properties. A comprehensive interpretation of
(OVK) is set at 3120 m MHN. The oil has a
the production tests has been carried out to
varying gas / oil ratio (GOF) from 111 to 157
sup- plement the geological modeling of
Sm3/ Sm3 (corrected for process simulations)
volumes and rejections. The result of this work
and corresponding to Bo factor from 1.33 to
has been important in establishing the dynamic
1.45 m3/ Sm3. Based on fluid properties and
reservoir model.
test results, the reservoir is divided into two
non-communicating segments, with a northern
and a southern part.
Table 4.1 -Results

WellWe TestT Yea P Max PI Per Sk
ll est r (bar) Rate (Sm3/ d / mea in
/ Sm3/ d bar) bilit
Deep y
(m) md
(TVD
MHN)
15 / 9- DST 1 199 317 1358 142.5 130 0.
19SR 3 2719.9 0 85
15 / 9-19A DST 2A 199 300
7
DST 2B 199 335 528 62.8 670 7.4
7 2986.7
4.3 Fluid datafluid
Reservoiris collected during production tests most likelytwo systems and this
and main data is shown in tTable 4.2 . The is implemented in the reservoir
PVT propertiesindicate model.
Table 4.2 - Fluid Properties
CHARACTERISTICS 15 / 9-19A 15 / 9-19SR

Pressure
Boiling Point
[bar] 235.5 273.8
Viscosity at boiling point [mPa s] 0.79 0.55
3 3
Single flash Boiling at boiling point [m / Sm ] 1.39 1.5
3 3
Single Flash Gas-Oil Ratio [Sm / Sm ] 111.8Strat 159.1
egy
CO 2 [mole%] 1.6 4.9
4.4Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve
ProductionThe Februar 2005
displacement of the oil. Figure 4.1 shows well
simulation model has been used to establish a and platform locations.
drainage strategy for the field and preparing In the western parts of the field, throwbacks
production profiles. Volve is planned to be may be greater than expected and reduce
manufactured from three manufacturers high communication in the reservoir. It is assumed
on the structure together with three water that drilling of approximately horizontal well
injectors placed on the flanks. Throughout the through the fumes can improve drainage of the
production period, it is expected that the reservoir. In addition, the model shows good
reservoir pressure will be higher than the communication in the north-south direction, so
boiling point of the oil because pressure that the water injector can provide good
support is supplied through water injection. displacement of oil to the horizontal
Gas lift is included to ensure start-up of wells manufacturer.
after maintenance. The two non-
communicating segments will be developed However, an update of the reservoir model
with dedicated production and injection wells. will be made based on deep-seismic data and,
Water injection contributes with pressure if necessary, the wellbeds will be optimized
support, but in addition, the slope of the based on new reservoir information.
reservoir (10o-20 o) and gravity means that the
water will spread well along the flanks, thus
contributing to a fast and efficient
P90 Mode P10

HKPF 0.132 0.15 0.168
Figure 4.1 - Well and Platform Locations
period. This enables the collection of dynamic

4.5 Production data that helps to optimize the location of the
remaining wells.
Forecasts The proposed drilling program
ensures reservoir safety in the reservoir model. Production limits for fields and single wells
A manufacturer is prepared for production are given in Table 4.3 and Table 4.4. A
startup while the rest of the wells are drilled
during the production
Plan for utbygging
regularity of 94%og is
drift
theav Volve
basis for calculating Februar 2005
Table 4.4 - Well limitations
the production profiles.
Oil rate 2500-4500 Sm3/ d
Gas lift is included to ensure start-up of wells Minimum oil rate 100 Sm3/ d
after maintenance and ensures production if
Minimum wellhead 40 bar
communication in the reservoir is worse than pressure
expected. Max gas lift rate 0.15 MSm3
/d
Table 4.3 - Restrictions
4.5.1 Oil production forecast

The field will be started when the first well is
ready and after a start-up period of approx. 1
year will field-field on plateau. The plateau of
9,000 Sm3/ d will last about 19 months.
Production decreases due to increasing water
rate. Cumulative oil production up to a
minimum economic rate of 2,100 Sm3/ d
(given Oil price of 18.7 USD / barrel) is
Estimated production start March 2007 is reached 11.4 MSm3. Oil rates and cumulative
based on the contract with Maersk. Due to production are shown in Figure 4.2. This is
weather risk at the outlet, production startup based on expected production (average)
can be delayed. estimated from the uncertainty study, see
chapter 4.6.
Estimated production start March 2007

Liquid
capacity 13000 Sm3/ d
Oil capacity 9000 Sm3/ d
Gas capacity 1.5 M Sm3/ d
Water injection capacity 16000 Sm3/ d
Maximum water cut 0.
8
0
Max gas lift rate 0.45 MSm3/ d
Figure 4.2 - Voltage and Cumulative Production

4.5.2 Forecast forproduction
for water from the Utsira formation for
Water Production Watercomes first and injection is approximately 12,000 Sm3/ d.
foremost from the injection water that breaks When water production increases, the need for
through the wells after about 2 years. At that Utsira water is reduced. Produced water and
time, cumulative oil production is about 6 injected water are shown in Figure 4.3.
MSm3. The need
23
Figure 4.3 - Water and water injection rate produced
4.5.3 Gasforecast
established. Maximum gas production is
supplyThroughout the production period, expected on plateau to be 1.2-1.3 MSm3/ d,
reservoir pressure is expected to be higher than see Figure 4.4.
the boiling point of the oil. This means that gas
production comes from dissolved gas and no Cumulative rich gas production is
free gas is estimated at 1.5 GSm3.
Figure 4.4 - Gas production rate
4.6 Sensitivities and uncertainty

in relative permeabilities as a function of
analysis The effect of permeability, present oil,
moisture preference are included in the
type of deposition environment, segment
uncertainty bills.
boundaries and variations
Page 24
The
Plan for effect
greatest utbygging
onogthe
driftextraction
av Volve has available Februar 2005
, type of deposition environment, horizontal
resources and permeability. An uncertainty communication and relative permeability. Gas
analysis of the production profiles has been lift ensures production in downside cases.
carried out with Monte Carlo simulation.
Uncertainty in the degree of exploitation
includes vertical communication
The result of the uncertainty analysis is
summarized in Figure 4.5 and Table 4.5.
mi
ll
S
m
3/
3 1
.2 3 1
8
5 1
6 p90
.1 2 1
2
80 snitt p10
5
.01 41 mi
5 2
.0 04 p50
6 ll
5 Å p90 kum snitt
r S kum p10 kum
m p50 kum
Figure 4.5 - Production profiles from the uncertainty analysis
Table 4.5 - Results from uncertainty studies; reserves and production profile based on min. oil rate of 2100 Sm3 / d
Aver p90 p50 p10

age
Book (MS3) 11.4 9.0 11. 15.
0 35 31
STOOIP (MS3) 27.5 20.9 26. 35.
0 70 2
Year Oil (MS3)
March 2007 1.53 1.44 1.5 1.5
3 4
2008 3,10 3,10 3,1 3,1
0 0
2009 2,96 2,83 2,9 3,1
6 5
2010 2,14 1,49 2,1 2.8
3 2
2011 1.25 0.10 1.2 1.8
2 2
2012 0.40 - 0.4 1.2
0 5
2013 - - - 0.8
8
2014 - - - 0.7
5
2015 - - - -
Total 11.4 9.00 11. 15.
0 35 31v
olu
me
s
In Table 4.6, the expected salesfrom Volve gas are being processed at Sleipner A and Kårstø.
Plan 4.6
Table for utbygging
- Expectedog driftproducts
sales av Volve from gas Februar 2005
Expected sales products from Volve gas
Year Dry NGL Condens Etan
gas ate
Mill Tonn Tonnes Tonn
Sm3 es es
06.03
.2007
170
2557
0
1022
8
1705
2008
371
5560
8
132
8
2012 33 5015 2006 334
Total 2008 1338 80334 133
32 89
4.7 Data acquisition in drilling and ● Drilling of new wells

production phase ● Drilling of lateral well wells from wells
is not yet determined all the details related to with high water production rate
data collection in the drilling and production
phase. However, the need for all common logs
in the reservoir section has been identified,
which will be measured by drilling rig
equipment in the drilling phase. Measurements
for calibration of seismic will also be made.
The collection of bottom hole pressure data
both before the start of production and during
the production phase will also be carried out
using permanent pressure gauges located in
the wells. Production logging will be based on
well behaviors / assessment of needs
continuously during the production phase.
Measurement of the well potential of the
individual wells will be done by flow over the
test separator monthly.
4.8 Methods for increased oil recovery

Expected oil extraction from the field accounts
for around 43%. With the chosen concept, a
number of activities can be done to increase
recovery.
● Suspension of high water production rate recovery. At the same time, substantial
intervals investments are required on the platform. A
● Lowering input pressure in the processing plant key element in a successful strategy for
● Drive field longer if new resources in the increased oil recovery is the availability of
area can be phased in own drilling equipment, so that drainage of the
● Better distribution of injected water into field can be optimized at any given time. The
the reservoir using smart wells possibility of using gas lift in the wells has
been implemented and this will ensure
Gas-based recovery methods such as water production in poorer reservoir communication
alternating gas injection (WAG) or than expected.
simultaneous water and gas injection (SWAG)
have been evaluated, but provide a little extra
5 Plan for utbygging
PRODUCTIONog drift av Volve Februar 2005
TECHNOLOGY
which in turn reduces the need for artificial
5.1 Introduction
lifting.
The engineering challenges associated with Reservoir simulations show that the well
producing the oil in the Volve field are potential is in the range of 5000 Sm³ / di liquid
associated with high levels of Barium in the rate, calculations show that it is optimal to
formation water, high content of asphalt in install 7 "tubing. Minimum wellhead pressure is
the oil, and production of water from the 40 bar, while the maximum wellhead
Utsira formation using electric pumps, ESP temperature is estimated at approx. 100 degrees
(Electrical Submer- sible Pumps). Produced C.
water from the Utsira formation is used for
injection to avoid deposits.
5.3 Production
No wax deposits or hydrates are expected
under normal production conditions. Chemistry 5.3.1 Deposits
Hydrates can only be formed during Barium content in the formation water of Volve
plugging of the wells. is uncertain as there are no water samples from
The Hugin formation on the Volve field is a the Huginformationen. A water sample taken in
well-consolidated reservoir where there are well 15 / 9-19A from Sleipner formation
no special challenges associated with sand directly below the reservoir has a low content of
production. Utsira formation is slightly Barium, but the content of sulphatones is to an
consolidated, so it is planned with open-hole extent that suggests that the sample has been
displays. contaminated with seawater. Unpolluted water
samples from the Hugin formation in Sleipner
5.2 Well hydraulics West show very high concentrations of Barium
and Strontium. These samples are believed to be
The pressure in the reservoir must be
representative of the Volve field, see Table
maintained by water injection. For expected
5.1 for water analyzes.
well and reservoir performance, there is
therefore no need for artificial lifting, but gas
lift is still included to ensure start-up of wells
after maintenance. It is planned for deviated
wells in the reservoir, which results in a
relatively high productivity which maintains
a high borehole pressure,
Table 5.1 - Water analysis

Ion 15 / 9-19A Sleipner West Utsira Sea water
Na (mg / l) 44610 44620 10800 11150
K (mg / l) 1790 2740 200 420
Mg (mg / l) 2240 1740 650 1410
Ca ) 7240 8380 430 435
Sr (mg / l) 290 355 June 10
Ba (mg / l) 27 510 1:00
Fe (mg / l) 0.1 2.5 to 0
C (mg / l) 94560 92050 18800 20310
SO4 (mg / l) 90 14 0 2800
HCO3 (mg / l) 355 625 720 150
Organic acids (mg / l) 176 191 - 0
TDS (mg / l) 151202 151228 31611 36675
Calculations show that there is very large 5.3.5 H2S
potential for precipitations by injection of
untreated seawater. This is due to the fact that is detectable any H2S and therefore it is not
a mixture of formation water and seawater will scheduled for some action with respect to H 2S
result in precipitates of Barium and Strontium in the produced oil and gas volumes. Injection
sulfate. These precipitations can cause major of Utsira water prevents acidification of the
problems in the reservoir, well and process reservoir.
equipment and should therefore be avoided.
There will be injected Utsira water together 5.3.6 Wax
with produced water as pressure support in the
reservoir. During normal production, the temperature of
the liquid will be higher than the WAT
Potential for precipitation of carbonate formation. However, in the case of plugging,
deposits is considered moderate and will only some wax will be formed but this is limited
be in the wellhead. It is therefore planned to and is expected to be quickly dissolved during
facilitate the injection of leakage inhibitors production.
into the wellhead.
5.4 Water management
5.3.2 Hydrates
Analysis of the formation water shows a great
There is potential for hydrates at the potential for Barium and Strontium
production stage. A hydrate filter sofas with precipitates by mixing seawater and formation
shutdown procedures and injection of water. It is therefore decided that seawater
chemicals (glycol and methanol) will be injection should not be used for pressure
prepared.studies maintenance in the reservoir.
5.3.3 Emulsions Therefore, Utsira water will be produced for

injection purposes, which will eventually be
Characterizationindicate that, in water mixed with an ever increasing amount of
production, relatively stable water in oil produced water, which will be reinjected.
emulsions can be expected. Without the
injection of emulsion switches and coalesces 5.4.1 Utsira water production Thewater
in the process, the desired water quality will
not be achieved. Therefore, it will be planned outflowmust be produced by the Electrical
for injection of chemicals on the wellhead and Submersible Pump (ESP). These pumps will
that electrical extraction of water from the oil be installed as part of the completion and will
in the processing equipment is included. result in a water production rate of 8000 Sm³ /
d per. water producer.
5.3.4 Asphalt
5.4.2 Re-injection of produced water
precipitation The bulk oil is submerged and
contains amounts of asphaltenes. Studies show Utsira water is injected from production start.
that there is a potential for asphalt In the event of a water hazard in the reservoir,
precipitation at pressure loading 10-20 bar produced water will be cleaned and reinjected
under initial reservoir pressure. Exhaustion of with Utira Water. To avoid plugging the
asphaltenes in the reservoir gives experience reservoir, it is planned that the injection will
problems. However, precipitation in the well take place at a higher pressure than the
and process must be avoided and therefore retraction pressure to ensure good injectivity
planning for the downhole injection of the throughout the production period.
asphalt inhibitor. In addition, it should also be
clarified for injection points during the 5.5 Gas Handling
upstream process. Under normal operating conditions, all the
surplus gas is exported to Sleipner A platform
Page 28
Plan via
form for utbygging
SleipnerogD-bottom
drift av Volve
frame. Maximum Februar 2005
same capacity as theexport
export pressure from Volve is 100 bar on
1.5 Mm3/ d. Gas leakage can be used if
export to Sleipner A. This is based on the same
production decreases as a result of reduced
maximum production from the SLD wells and
pressure or increased water content in the
Volve and a 48-bar receiving pressure on
wells. The injection compressor therefore has
Sleipner A.slip
sufficient capacity for simultaneous gas lift
At productionon Sleipner A, the gas from and injection in the D-frame so that production
Volve injected via the D-bottom frame of the does not have to be thrown down at Sleipner
Ty reservoar. The maximum injection pressure A. production.
at the D-bottom frame is 155 bar. The
injection capability that is also used for gas lift
has thecompressor
6 Drilling and well technology
6.1 Introduction
drilling up to 13 wells. Additional possibility
It is planned to drill 3 oil wells, 3 water for 2 wells will be considered. The wells will
injection wells and 2 water production wells be drilled through a simplified bottom frame
for the Utsira formation. The well number is with 3 x 5 well slots. The minimum distance
determined from the reserve basis, drainage (center to center) between the wells will be 1.5
efficiency planned production platform and m.
water injection requirement.
The injectors are drilled with a deviation of 6.2 Drilling program
max. 30 degrees, while the producers are
drilled horizontally or with high deviations Drilling is scheduled to start year-end
through the reservoir. 2006/2007 and planned for the second quarter
of 2008.
The location of the drilling and production
facility relative to the reservoir is chosen Table 6.1 summarizes the wellbore.
based on minimizing the risk of ground gas, as Optimization of the drilling program,
well as achieving the easiest possible including wells and casing programs, will
wellbore. In addition, the location within the continue in close cooperation with reservoir
drilling range is for all identified prospects in engineer until completion of the single drilling
the area. A wellhead module will be placed on and completion program.
the outside of the platform during the drilling
tower. It will be facilitated with well slots and
manifolds for
Table 6.1 - Summarization of the planned wellbore
Well Start Stop Deviation Sail angle Total depth

deviation deviation building [degrees [mTVD /
building building rate ] mMD]
[mTVD / [mTVD / [degrees / 30
mMD] mMD] m]
I-F10 300/300 634 / 649 2.5 29 3228/3618
I-F15 300/300 479/481 2.5 15 3110/3206
I-F5 300/300 570/577 2.5 23 3125/3355
P-F2 300/300 486/490 3 19 3081/4804
2168 / 2268 2867/3332 3 91
2862/3813 2891/4049 3 75
P-F9 300/300 409/409 2.5 9 2991/3641
2186/2209 2804/3010 3 73
P-F5 300/300 483/485 2 12 2959 / 3538
2190/2231 2871/3130int 3 78
ended
The following casing isfor The water production wells of the Utsira
use on Volve: formulation are planned with 30 "and 13 3/8"
● 30 "casing lining pipes.
● 20" casing (in the oil wells)
● 13 3/8 "casing 6.2.1 Basic gas
● 10 ¾" x 9 5/8 "casing Based on data from the drilling site survey,
● 7" casing. basic gas assessments have been performed for
each specific wellbore. No evidence of gas was found in the area of the planned well
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve possible to find
locations. Februar 2005 XMT
Based on the a technical

gas experience solution for this
in the area, with the 20" x13 3/8 "
Tie-back riserTie-back
7"
however, a selected 10 "casing

Tu
b
pilot hole will wellhead
be drilled to solution.
investigate 30" csg sh,
200 m MD
ground gas. 6.4 Comp

letion
6.2.2 Drilli Production
ng wells and
fluid injection wells
It will be are planned
20 "csg sh, 1300m MD
planned to use supplemented
water-based with 7
drilling mud "production
for all hole
sections
through 17 ½
"six-year. In the
two lower hole
sections, 12¼ 13 3/8" csg sh: 2550 m TV D / 2670
mMD
"and 8½", oil-

based drilling
mud is used
due to the risk
of unstable clay
above the
reservoir.
6.3 Borek
ak's
handli
ng
Oil-borne
cuttings are
planned to be
collected in
containers for
landing for
destruction.
During the
further
planning phase,
efforts will be
made to obtain
an injection of
oil-borne
cuttings under
the Utsira
formation. This
will depend on
whether it is
Gas lift valve
Multibowl 7 "P roduction tubing
Riser tension Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve

TRSCSSV Februar 2005
system
Primary
FLX -4 DHP G
barrier
w / AS V Top Ty sc 2427 m TV D Asphalt inj.
Gas lift annulus
Secondary
barrier
tubes. Sketch of wells and Top cmt 2,900 m P roduction P Acker
completions are
40
Top Hugin res.
shown in figures 9 5/8" csg sh: 2870 m TV D/3300 0
3150 m MD
6.1 to 6.3. mMD P BR / liner hanger packer
7" liner
6.4.1 Nedihulls kompletteringsutstyr TD 3080 m TV D/
4800 m MD
Oljeproduksjonsbrønnene og Figur 6.1 - Oljeprodusent m/gassløft

vanninjeksjons- brønnene
kompletteres med
produksjonspak- ninger og De to vannproduksjonsbrønnene planlegges
sikkerhetsventiler i produksjons- komplettert med nedihulls elektriske drevne
røret. pumper for å pumpe vannet til overflaten
Produksjonsbrønnene planlegges
også komplettert med gassløft
utstyr inkludert ringroms
sikkerhetsventil, nedihulls trykk og .
tempera- turmåler og en nedihulls
kjemikalielinje for kontinuerlig
injeksjon av asfalten utfel-
lingshemmer (se figur6.1).
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Flow head w/ball valve Wellhead w/seals
Februar 2005
21" x 20" OD riser

13 3/8" production riser
Sea
level 8 5/8" or 9 5/8" tubing
20" casing
30" Conductor
Check valve
ESP (pump and motor)
13 3/8" casing
9 5/8" Excluder screeen
Mud line
13 3/8" x 20" x-over
Utsira Fm
Figur 6.2 - Vanninjeksjonsbrønn Figur 6.3 - Utsira vannproduksjonsbrønn
planlegges komplettert med pre-perforert

foringsrør gjennom reservoaret. De to andre
6.4.2 Sandkontroll produksjonsbrønnene planlegges sementert og
Hugin reservoaret er godt konsolidert, det er perforert med orienterte perforeringer i reser-
dermed ikke behov for noen spesielle sand- voaret. Injeksjonsbrønnene vil også bli perfo-
kontroll tiltak. En av produksjonsbrønnene rert med orienterte perforeringer i reservoaret.
Utsira formasjonen er en særdeles dårlig kon- rene blir hengt av på havbunnen. Under bore-
solidert sand. De to vannproduksjonsbrønnene fasen er det planlagt brukt 30Februar og 2005
20”
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve
planlegges komplettert med 9 5/8” åpenhulls- borestigerør. Etter at boringen er ferdigstilt, vil
skjermer gjennom Utsira formasjonen. brønn ene sikres, og borestigerøret blir fjernet.
Then a 20 "x 13 3/8" production ladder will be
6.4.3 Brønnhode, ventiltre og installed with a wellhead on the surface. 10¾”
stigerør- system foringsrør blir deretter tilbakekoblet fra
sjøbunn til overflaten. The production pipe
Brønnene planlegges utbygd med et todelt
will be hung in the wellhead on the surface. En
brønnhodesystem hvor vekten av foringsrø-
vil dermed få overflate sikkerhetsventiltrær
med 6 3/8" dimensjon . Enkle
strømningshoder planlegges brukt for
vannprodusentene.
6.4.4 Borerigg
Bore og kompletteringsoperasjonene utføres
fra den valgte utbyggingsløsning med
plattformen Mærsk Inspirer. Denne platt-
formen har en utblåsningssikkerhetsventil som
er trykktestet til 1035 bar, noe som er mer enn
tilstrekkelig for Volve.
Plan forhulldiameter
Største utbygging og drift
vilavvære
Volve37¼” for boring Februar 2005
6.5 Tids- og kostnadsestimat
av øverste seksjon. Riggen er utstyrt med ett
toppdrev og tre regulære slampumper og er Tids- og kostnadsestimat baseres på tidligere
bygget for å kunne håndtere oljebasert bore- boreoperasjoner i området og øvrig relevant
slam for injeksjon. felterfaring. The cost estimates are based on
contract prices for renting Mærsk Inspirer in
drilling mode and drilling and production
6.4.5 Brønnkontroll og beredskap mode respectively.
Boring, komplettering og øvrig brønnvedlike- The drilling and completion costs include both
hold vil bli utført i henhold til Statoils etab- expected downtime, technical tolerance and
lerte prosedyrer og rutiner og i overensstem- waiting for weather. Time and cost time are
melse med myndighetskrav. shown in Table 6.2.
Alle bore- og kompletteringsoperasjoner vil
foregå med to uavhengige barrierer mot hyd-
rokarbonførende formasjoner.
Tabell 6.2 - Tids og kostnadsestimat for boring og komplettering, kostnader i MNOK 2005
I5 I10 I15 P5 P9 P2 UP1 UP2 Te Tota
kn l
tol
er-
anse
Dager Boring 38 36 36 40 40 53 12,5 12,5 39 307
Dager komplettering 19 19 19 22 24 23 10 10 19 165
Installasjon av - - - - - - - - - 3
bunnramme
Totalt antall dager 57 55 55 62 64 76 22,5 22,5 58 475
Kostnad Boring [MNOK] 88 66 65 132 91 113 25 25 69 674
Kostnad 33 33 33 70 52 56 24 24 31 356
Komplettering[MNO
K]
Installasjon av template - - - - - - - - - 6
Total Kostnad* 121 99 98 202 143 169 49 49 100 103
6
Dersom endringer i brønnmål identifiseres ba- geological or technical sideways is included

sert på revidert reservoarmodell som inklude- with 99 MNOK 2005. These costs have been
rer re-prosessert seismikk, kan kostnadene for transferred to unforeseen costs in Table 12.1.1.
brønnene endres. Technical tolerance in terms
of
7 Beskrivelse av (SLA) via Loke eller SLD
utbyggingsløsningen undervannsramme
● Eksport av rikgass til Sleipner T
7.1 Innledning (SLT) via Alpha Nord
Det er utført omfattende vurderinger av
mange utbyggingsalternativer for Volve.
For de to mest lønnsomme
utbyggingsalternativene, innleie av
produksjonsskip med under-
vannsbrønner eller oppjekkbar plattform
med prosessmodul, ble det innhentet
tilbud fra markedet.
Utbyggingsløsningen som gir best
lønnsomhet for Volvefeltet er oppjekkbar
plattform med prosessanlegg der rikgass
eksporteres til Sleipner A og oljen
eksporteres med skytteltanker via et
lagerskip.
7.2 Alternativ utbygging

Det har blitt vurdert utbyggingskonsepter
basert på både eie og leie av
produksjons- anlegg for Volve.
Følgende alternative
utbyggingskonsept er
vurdert som i forbindelse med
leiekonsept:
● Produksjon- og lagerskip (FPS m
undervannsbrønner O) ed
● Produksjon- og lagerskip (FPS m
brønnhodeplattform O) ed
● Oppjekkbar plattform med
prosessmodul og lagerskip (FSU)
Følgende konsepter er vurdert med tanke

på å eie produksjonsanlegget:
● Plattform med fast stålunderstell på Volve
lokasjon
● Plattform med fast stålunderstell med
oppkobling av undervannsbrønner
på Volve
● Plattform med fast stålunderstell koblet til
Sleipner A med brønnhodeplattform på
Volve
● Modifikasjon av Sleipner A med
under- vannsbrønner på Volve
● Undervannsutbygging av Volve
koplet til Sleipner A
Ulike gasseksport arrangement er vurdert:
● Eksport av rikgass til Sleipner A
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve 7.3.1 Funksjonskrav Februar 2005
● Installasjon av CO2-reduksjonsanlegg for
Installasjonene skal tilfredsstille myndighetenes
Volvegassen og eksport via Loke
krav til faste installasjoner samt Statoils
● Utsatt gasseksport ved bruk av Simultan vann
spesifikasjoner og sikkerhetsforskrifter. Production
altererende gassinspeksjon (SWAG)
is expected to last three to four years while design
Føl gende oljeeksport muligheter er for Volve: life is 10 years.
● Eksport til Sleipner
● Eksport via skytteltankere 7.3.2 Havdyp
● Eksport via Forties rørsystem på britisk sektor Vanndypet på Volve er 90m.
De alternative utbyggingsløsningene er vurdert i
”Volve Field Development Concept Screening 7.3.3 Miljødata
Report” datert 20.11.2003. The recommended
solution is given in the document "Volve concept Miljødata (vind, bølgehøyde etc.) er gitt i ”De- sign
selection report" dated 04.11.2004. basis and functional requirements” og er basert på
målte data i Sleipnerområdet.
7.3 Grunnlag for utbygging
7.3.4 Geotekniske forhold
Grunnlaget for utbyggingen er den valgte dre-
neringsstrategien, funksjonskrav, havdyp, miljø- og Det er utført grunnundersøkelse på feltet med
geotekniske forhold samt tilgjenge- lig eksisterende hensyn på forankring av lagerskip og funda- ment
utstyr. for oppjekkbar plattform. Det er ikke
Plan grunnundersøkelser
gjort for utbygging og drift av Volve
av traseen for gass- Februar 2005
● Prosessere brønnstrømmen til stabil vann-
eksportrørledningen, men disse vil bli utført i fri olje i henhold til spesifikasjon
god tid før installasjon av rørledninger.
● Eksportere overskuddsgass til Sleipner A
7.4 Beskrivelse av valgt konsept via bunnrammen Sleipner D
● Behandle produsert vann for reinjeksjon
7.4.1 Systembeskrivelse og designkapasi-
tet ● Injisere Utsiravann og produsert vann i
Volvereservoaret for å opprettholde reser-
En oppjekkbar plattform skal kunne ivareta voartrykket
følgende funksjoner: ● Eksportere stabil olje til lagerskip
● Posisjonere og jekke opp plattform på ● Innkvartere alt personell som normalt
lokasjon trengs for å operere og vedlikeholde pro-
● Bore og kompletere produksjons- og vann- duksjons-, hjelpe-, og maritime funksjoner.
injeksjonsbrønner i Volvereservoaret og Table 7.1 describes the design capabilities
vannprodusenter fra Utsira formasjonen. of the plant.
Tabell 7.1 - Designkapasitet
Designkapasiteten for plattformen vil være følgende:
Total væskebehandling: 13.000 Sm3/d
Olje rate: 9.000 Sm3/d
Maks vanninnhold 80
%
Gass kompresjonsrate: 1,5 MSm3/d
Gass eksporttrykk: 100 bara
Gass injeksjonstrykk/gass løft: 160 bar
Vann injeksjons-rate: 5.000 – 16.000 Sm3/d
Vann injeksjonstrykk: 330 bara
Sengeplasser: 120 personer
Figur 7.1 - Produksjonsanleggets plassering på

Plattformen
7.4.2 Produksjonsplattformen
Mærsk Inspirer er den andre i rekken av stable oil and rich gas. The platform will
Maersk Contractors nyeste generasjon av have dry wellhead and have the
oppjekkbare plattformer. It was built in possibility of drilling or well intervention
Korea and was completed in 2004. The throughout the production.
rig is designed for a maximum sea depth Prosessanlegget vil bli plassert ved siden
of 150 meters and will be installed on av boremodulen, se figur 7.1
Volve being jacked up 26 meters above Boligkvarteret er i likhet med
sea level. The rig is shaped like a like- helikopterdekk og livbåter plassert på
sided triangle with a check-in leg in each utsiden av det oppjekkbare benet med
corner. The distance between each leg is størst avstand fra bore og pro-
about 70 meters. A process plant will be
installed to process the flow of bean to
Plan for utbygging
sessmodul. og drift tower
The flame av Volveis located on the Februar 2005
vannstrømmene fra hver separator. Produced
outside of the rig bone near the process water, together with water from the Utsira
module. formwork, will normally be reinjected in the
reservoir for pressure support. After cleaning
7.4.3 Prosessanlegg og hjelpesystemer for specification and gas removal, the water
can be dumped overboard if the water
Prosessanlegget vil inneholde systemer for injection system is down. Gas from degasses is
separasjon og oljestabilisering, anlegg for sent to torch.
brenselgass, kompresjonsmodul for gasseks-
port, produsert vannbehandling og vanninjek- Power generation occurs in two 50% "dual"
sjon. (See Figure 7.2) The separation system fuel gas turbine generators. Each generator has
consists of three separate stages; the first two the capability to supply all process consumers
is a three-phase separator and while the third except the ESP and water injection pumps. If
stage is a water separator. The pressure ratios one of the generators is down, the water
in the 1st and 2nd separator stages are 40 barg injection system can be operated by the
and 0.2 barg. There is a requirement of 5 generators in the booth module if any drilling
minutes minimum residence time for the oil activity is stopped. The drilling module has 4
due to strong oil / water emulsions. There are diesel generators.
heating possibilities upstream of the 2nd stage Øvrige hjelpesystemer inkluderer:
separator. Burn gas is taken from the first
● To 100 % sirkulasjonspumper varmemed-
separation stage. The fuel system has
ium og to 100% enheter for spillvarme-
possibilities for cooling, liquid deposition and
gjenvinning.
heating prior to distribution to consumers. The
● Ferskvannsanlegg, kapasitet: 20 m3/h
gas from other separate stages is compressed
to the first stage separator press and fed to the ● Sjøvannsannlegg, kapasitet 347 m3/h
export compressors together with the gas from ● Brannvann, kapasitet: 1000 m3/h
the first stage separator. ● Trykkluft, kontinuerlig kapasitet: 350 m3/h
En sentrifugalkompressor har kapasitet til å ● Dieselsystem
komprimere 1,5 MSm3/d gass fra et sugetrykk ● Hydraulikksystem
på 40 bara til et utløpstrykk på 100 bara. ● Nitrogensystem
Produsert vannbehandlingen vil bestå av dedi- ● Oversvømmelse, skum og halon system
kerte hydrosykloner og degassing tanker for for brannbeskyttelse
Figur 7.2 - Prosessanlegget

Det maksimale antall planlagte brønner for kan også benyttes til å gassløfte
Volve er 13 brønner: 6 produksjonsbrønner, produksjonsbrønnene på Volve, noe som kan
5 vanninjeksjonsbrønner og to Utsiravann bli nødvendig for brønner med høyt
brønner. vannkutt.
7.4.4 Eksport av olje

7.4.7 Fiskalmåling av olje og gass
Stabil olje eksporteres til lagerskipet "Navion
Saga" via en 8” fleksibel eksportrørledning. Oljen fiskalmåles ved lossing fra
Lastekapasiteten tilsvarer lagerskipet til skytteltankerne. There will
produksjonskapasiteten på 9.000 Sm3/d. also be measurement on the checkable
Lagerskipet er forankret til en STL-bøye 2,5 platform rig to have continuous control
km fra produksjonsriggen og har en over the production rate, but the
lagerkapasitet på 1 million fat olje og en measurement does not have fiscal quality.
lossekapasitet på 6000 Sm3/time. The oil is Target accuracy will be better than ± 2%.
fished by transfer from the storage vessel to Gassen fiskalmåles i forbindelse med eksport
the tankers. The storage vessel is equipped fra Sleipner A. På grunn av at Volve og
with VOC facilities. Sleipner A ligger i samme lisens med samme
eiere vil det ikke være nødvendig med
7.4.5 Eksport av gass fiskalmåling av gassen før den sendes inn i
gassanlegget på Sleipner A. Det vil også være
Gassen eksporteres til Sleipner A via
måling av eksportgassen på MI, men
havbunnsrammen Sleipner D. Det vil bli
målingen har ikke fiskal kvalitet. Gass som
installert en 5,5 km lang 7.4” fleksibel
fakles eller benyttes til kraftproduksjon, vil
rørledning fra Volve til Sleipner D.
måles iht.
Maksimum design rate er 1,5 MSm3/d, mens
Oljedirektoratets krav for beregning av
høyeste forventede rate er 1,2 MSm3/d.
CO2- avgift.
Gassen som eksporters er våt rikgass fra 1. og
2. trinnseparator. Gas export line is insulated
to prevent the gas from being cooled down 7.4.8 Modifikasjoner, installasjoner
to the hydrate formation temperature in og marine operasjoner
connection with exports to Sleipner. To Statoil vil ha ansvaret for alle marine
prevent hydration problems at low gas operasjoner i forbindelse med installasjon
export rates towards the end of the field's av eksportsystemene for olje og gass på
life, methanol can be injected continuously. Volve.
Procedure for hydrate management will be
prepared before production start. The development of the Volve field is based
on the highest possible marine operations
completed when the platform and the
7.4.6 Gassløft/gassinjeksjon warehouse arrive at the field.
For å sikre en høy produksjonsregularitet for The gas export pipe will be installed and
Volve er det lagt opp til injeksjon av connected to Sleipner D bottom frame. STL
eksportgassen fra Volve i SLØ brønnene ved bend with anchoring and charcoal to the oil
produksjonsstans på SLA. En export pipeline will be installed.
injeksjonskompressor komprimerer gassen fra The STL bend will be lowered ready for
eksportkompressoren til det nødvendige retraction and connection to the bearing
injeksjonstrykket på ca 160 barg for å injisere i ship.
injeksjonsbrønnen som har et maksimum The distance between Mærsk Insprer (MI)
innstengingstykk på 130 barg.. Kompressoren and Navion Saga will be about 2.5 km,
while the distance from MI to Sleipner
East is about 5.5 km. Both export pipelines
will be buried.
Before MI can be installed and start
production of oil and gas, the rig will be location if necessary.
modified to allow class inspection at the
Side 37
Plan for utbygging
7.4.9 og drift av Volve
Produksjonskjemikalier Februar 2005
Kjemikalieutslippet fra Volve vil dermed bli
Det vil bli lagt til rette for bruk av minimale. A normal chemical consumption
produksjonskjemikalier for å håndtere is expected on Volve compared with other
fluidmessige problemstillinger. Mixing of oil fields.
produced water and Utsira water for
injection may result in a deposition 7.4.10 Uttesting og oppstart
potential that will require injection of the
leakage inhibitor. Uttesting til havs og oppstart vil utføres av
Maersk Contractors og tekay for respektive
It is facilitated for injection of chemicals such plattform og lagerskip..
as emulsion breaker, asphalten inhibitor, wax
inhibitor, foam absorber, methanol, corrosion
7.5 Regularitet av produsert olje
inhibitor, biocide and flocculant. There will
most likely not be a need for continuous Regularitet av produsert olje er beregnet til ca
injection of all these chemicals, but the 96 % på prosessanlegget alene. The total
possibility of injection will be present. Oil- regularity analysis for the entire plant is
soluble chemicals will follow the oil product, estimated at 94%.
while water-soluble chemicals will follow
produced water that is injected back into the
reservoir.
8 Drift og Vedlikehold
8.1 Innledning
Statoil er operatør for Utvinningstillatelse 046. Statoils andrelinje beredskapssentral på
I henhold til samarbeidsavtalen ivaretar ope- Sandsli. All logistikkfunksjoner som helikop-
ratøren den daglige ledelse av den virksomhet tertransport og forsyningstjeneste vil også bli
som utføres i tilknytning til utvinningstillatel- ivaretatt av Statoil.
sen på vegne av eiergruppen. Management Existing supply bases and heliport terminal in
committee is the supreme body in the Stavanger, already used in the Sleipner area,
ownership group and the operator performs his will also be used for Volve. Det skal også
duties in accordance with decisions in the tilrettelegges for effektivt samarbeid med
steering committee. Statoils øvrige enheter, andre ope- ratører i
området og eiere av produksjonsan- leggene.
8.2 Organisasjon og bemanning Kontraktørene Maersk Contractors og Teekay
Volve vil inngå i Statoils enhet for Undersø- vil utføre alle aktiviteter til havs i forbindelse
kelse og Produksjon, Norge (UPN) og etable- med operasjon av produksjonsanlegget, som
res innen eksisterende Sleipner driftsorganisa- prosessering, lagring, fiskalmåling og eksport,
sjonen. Organisasjonen vil ha ansvaret for alle samt ha nødvendige støttefunksjoner på land.
aktiviteter i tilknytning til drift og avslutning Driften vil bli gjennomført innenfor myndig-
av feltet. I driftsfasen vil organisasjonen om- heters regelverk og Statoils krav til helse,
fatte 12-16 personer. Driftsforberedelser og miljø og sikkerhet.
oppstart vil ferdigstilles i byggeprosjektet. Overvåking og kontroll av prosessanlegget og
Statoil, som operatør, vil normalt være tilstede andre funksjoner ombord vil skje fra sentralt
på feltet med kun én representant under pro- hovedkontrollrom. Normal driftsbemanning på
duksjon. Representanten ivaretar Statoil og plattformen er ca. 34 personer når boring er
øvrige rettighetshaveres interesser om at ope- avsluttet og normal driftsbemanning på lager-
rasjoner utføres på en effektiv, sikkerhetsmes- skipet er ca. 14 people.
sig og miljømessig forsvarlig måte
Ved boreoperasjoner, vil Statoil ha en større 8.4 Vedlikehold
organisasjon om bord samt flere representanter Utarbeidelse og styring av vedlikeholds- og
fra våre underleverandører. inspeksjonsprogrammer i tråd med etablerte
Kontraktørene vil bli tillagt stor grad av selv- prosedyrer hos Maersk Contractors og Teekay
stendighet med tilhørende delegering av an- skal sikre at anlegget imøtekommer operasjo-
svar og myndighet til å gjennomføre oppdra- nelle standarder i overensstemmelse med
get i henhold til kontrakten. Kontraktørene vil myndighets- og selskapskrav.
være hovedarbeidsgiver for eget og underleve- Vedlikeholds- og inspeksjonsaktiviteter skal
randørenes personell. baseres på funksjonskritikalitet vurdert mot
sikkerhet og miljø, produksjonsregularitet og
8.3 Drift av anleggene følgekostnader. Optimization of maintenance
and inspection programs is carried out to
Statoils landorganisasjon for Volve vil ta hånd
ensure that production targets are met. To
om oppgaver knyttet til driften av anleggene i
achieve this, a contract has been developed
samarbeid med kontraktørene. Contractors
between Statoil (on behalf of PL046) and
will be instructed by Statoil on production and
Maersk Contractors based on compensation
injection plans as part of the reservoir
format that rewards high operating regimes
management. All contact with authorities and
that depend on a high level of security.
partners will be carried out by Statoil.
Statoil will take responsibility for emergency
preparedness and oil protection. Volve vil bli
koblet opp mot
9 Helse, miljø og sikkerhet sursforvaltning
9.1 Innledning
Holdninger, aktiviteter og beslutninger på alle
nivåer i organisasjonen har innflytelse på
HMS, og HMS-styring er en integrert del av
aktivitetene i prosjekt og driftsfasen. The
plans are to deliver a total production facility
(platform, export system, storage vessel) that
meets the authorities' HSE requirements and
specific operator requirements included in the
contract.
However, some deviations from government
requirements have been identified for the
already built facilities (platform and storage
vessel). The identified deviations are handled
in accordance with Statoil's procedures and
will be addressed to the Petroleum Safety
Authority Norway during the treatment period
for this PDO.
Requirements for security include protection
of human life and health as well as protection
of facilities, production, knowledge and
material values. Environmental protection
requirements include protection against
contamination of and unacceptable
interference in nature. HSE is taken into
account in all technical, economic, operational
and administrative activities both in Statoil
and at OIC. In connection with the
construction phase, contractors are required to
carry out various risk analyzes that may lead
to corrective measures.
If changes and updates of the chosen technical
solution are required, requirements for safety
and the environment will be emphasized
separately.
9.2 Målbeskrivelse
Den overordnede HMS-målsettingen for
utbygging og drift av Volve er at
virksomheten ikke skal forårsake ulykker,
personskader, yrkesre- laterte sykdommer,
materielle tap eller skade på ytre miljø.
Følgende delmål er etablert:
• HMS skal integreres i all relevant
virksomhet, strategier og planer
• Iverksette målsetningen om null skader på
mennesker og miljø samt null ulykker eller
tap (“0-filosofien”)
• sikre kvalifisert personell og fornuftig res-
HSE program has been prepared and will be
updated and coordinated with the contractors HSE
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve
program. Then the program will beFebruar 2005
revised at
• sikre erfaringsoverføring og tett samarbeid different milestones in order to get a common
med tilsvarende prosjekter position on this in both the development and
• sikre god kommunikasjon mellom prosjektet operational phase.
og partnere/myndigheter There has been a requirement for the owner of the
• stille samme krav til våre leverandører som til facility at Volve to establish a separate HSE
Statoils egne ansatte. program. In addition, any subcontractors should
be able to document their own HSE management
9.3 Akseptkriterier og krav
system with activity list.
Den tekniske løsning er underlagt risikomessige
vurderinger og blir utformet/verifisert slik at 9.5 Sikkerhet
risikonivået tilfredsstiller Statoils og
myndighetenes akseptkriterier. 9.5.1 Prinsipper
Continuous efforts shall be made to develop Følgende prinsipper er lagt vekt på i sikkerhets-
solutions that will reduce the risk of personnel, arbeidet:
environment and material values beyond • Mærsk Inspirer er et nytt anlegg og det vil
acceptance criteria. fokuseres på å begrense risiko knyttet til
dette
9.4 Styring av helse, miljø og sikkerhet • tekniske løsninger vil bli vurdert mot beste
Volve prosjektsjef har det overordnede ansvar for praksis innen sikkerhet
helse, miljø og sikkerhet i utbyggingfasen. An • systematisk bruk av risikoanalyser og
”ALARP” prinsipper i design
Side 40
9.5.4 Eksplosjon
• Plan for utbygging
bruk og drift av Volve
av forutsetninger fra risikoanalyser Februar 2005
En eksplosjonsanalyse basert på siste kunnskap
i driftsfasen om eksplosjoner med siste versjon av simule-
• fokus på høyrisikoaktiviteter og risiko- ringsverktøy vil bli utført.
områder
9.5.5 Beredskap
9.5.2 Risikoanalyse
En beredskapsvurdering for Volve er gjennom-
I forberedelsesfasen har Volve prosjekt utført ført, men det vil bli utarbeidet en detaljert be-
en konseptrisikoanalyse, med hensikt å redskapsanalyse basert på scenarier fra TRA. The
synliggjøre risikoen tidlig i prosjektet. exact dimensioning of the accident tool on board
Resultater viser en gjennomsnitt FAR på feltet will be done according to the results of that
på 8,1, som er under Statoils akseptkriteriet på analysis and will meet the requirements of the
10. Det er beregnet at alle authorities and the operator.
hovedsikkerhetsfunksjoner tilfredsstiller 10-
4
kriterier. Konseptrisikoanalyse blir brukt som The field specific preparedness for handling any
hydrocarbon emissions to the sea will be
grunnlag for forbedring av risikobilde og
coordinated through NOFO with other fields in
foku- the area and at least according to recognized
sering på høy risiko aktiviteter i standards and will be concrete in further work.
modifikasjons- fasen.
Det blir utført en total risikoanalyse (TRA) 9.5.6 Sikkerhet i det videre arbeid
med følgende hovedformål: Oppfølging av resultater, forutsetninger og
• kartlegge risikonivået etter anbefalinger fra utførte inspeksjoner og analyser
modifikasjoner for Volve er blir en viktig aktivitet i den kommende modifi-
implementert kasjonsfasen. At the same time, detailed Hazop
• kartlegge hvilke elementer som bidrar studies will be carried out for the modifications,
mest til personellrisikoen ombord which must be seen in connection with existing
• kartlegge behov for modifikasjoner for å processes and design solutions. Prioriterte emner
tilfredsstille Statoils akseptkriterier er:
• sørge for at modifikasjoner som følge av • Utarbeidelse av total risikoanalysen, herun-
nye designkrav blir utformet på sikker- der en grundig vurdering av identifiserte fare-
hetsmessig optimal måte. og ulykkessituasjoner
• Utarbeidelse av beredskapsanalysen
The risk analysis will be updated in the • Gjennomføring av en detaljert evakuerings-
subsequent modification work. Spesielt vil studie
det bli fokusert på risikoreduserende tiltak • Detaljerte gjennomganger og modifikasjoner
når det gjelder: på eksisterende deteksjons-, nødavsteng-
- Beredskap og evakuering nings-, og brannvannsystem
- Brann og eksplosjon • Risiko- og beredskapsanalyse for boring av
- Forbedret deteksjon brønner
- Implementering av tennkildeutkopling • Gjennomgang av drift og vedlikeholdsruti- ner
- Plassering av nytt utstyr på sikkerhetskritiske utstyr
• Fokus på bruk av midlertidig utstyr
9.5.3 Sikkerhetsstrategier
Planlagte verifikasjonsaktiviteter og tekniske
Det er utarbeidet en brann- og eksplosjonsstra- gjennomganger vil bli prioritert for å sikre at alle
tegi, samt en evakuerings-, rømnings-, og red- krav blir møtt.
ningsstrategi med basis i de aktuelle fare- og
ulykkeshendelser. This should be updated to
include process module for modifications.
9.6Plan for utbygging og drift avi Volve
HMS aspekter forbindelse med minst Februar 2005
boring og komplettering
Potensielle forurensinger fra bore

og kompletteringsoperasjoner er
relatert til:
● Utslipp av borekaks og borevæsker.
● Utslipp av kompletteringsvæsker
● Brønnopprensking
● Uønskede utslipp
Under bore- og kompletteringsoperasjoner
skal til enhver tid forholdsregler tas for å
unngå utblåsninger, forurensning, eksplosjoner
og andre hendelser som er skadelige for
personell, installasjonen og ytre miljø. In
selecting suppliers, the companies' attitude and
ability to achieve good HSE results will be
part of the evaluation.
9.7 Arbeidsmiljø
9.7.1 Arbeidsmiljøvurderinger
Mærsk Inspirer er blitt nøye vurdert ut fra ar-
beidsmiljø aspekter. A conformity assessment
has been conducted against Mærsk Inovator,
which is the sister giant of Mærsk Inspirer
against the current regulations. De
arbeidsmiljøaspekter som blir spesielt fokusert
er:
• støy og vibrasjoner
• adkomst og tilgjengelighet
• materialhåndtering og transport gater
• trapper og leidere
• ventilasjon og luftkvalitet
• arbeids- og oppholdsområder
9.7.2 Oppfølging av arbeidsmiljø i

det videre arbeid
Statoil har etablert arbeidsmiljø områdekrav
for enkeltrom og områder ombord på
plattformen og lagerskipet. In the further
work, emphasis will be placed on studies
where evaluations of deviations from the site
requirements are evaluated in terms of
criticality and functionality.
9.8 Miljømessig vurdering av den

valgte løsning
I følge Statoils grunnleggende prinsipper for
miljøvern skal alle aktiviteter utføres på en
slik måte at påvirkningen på det ytre miljø blir
mulig og innenfor tekniske og økonomisk production shutdown.
akseptable rammer. Emissions to air and water
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Tabell 9.1 - Utslippsmengde CO2, NOx og VOCFebruar 2005
til luft
must be minimized and the chemicals used and (tonn pr. år) i forbindelse med produksjon
released must be as harmful to the environment as
possible. Estimated emissions from the Volve Utslippskomponent CO2 NOX V
field include emissions from drilling and O
C
production.
tonn per år 93.6 375 99
00 0
9.8.1 Utslipp til luft
Utslipp til luft vil primært bestå av CO2 og NOx I henhold til gitte myndighets krav vil det bli
fra gassturbiner og prosessering av olje. Main installert et anlegg for reduksjon av VOC på
power supply will be from its own power lagerskipet. Emissions to air from drilling
generation aboard the platform. operations occur in connection with power
In addition, there will be some emissions from the generation from diesel engines on drilling rigs and
VOC associated with storage and loading of oil as from well drilling. Emissions to air in connection
well as diffuse emissions. Beregnede maksimale with drilling and completion of the wells are
utslippsmengder til luft i produksjonsfasen shown in Table 9.2.
(gjelder topproduk- sjon i ca. 1½ år) er vist i tabell
Tabell 9.2 - Utslippsmengde CO2, NOx og nmVOC til luft
9.1. (tonn) i forbindelse med boring og komplettering av 8
A conventional flame pilot system will be brønner
installed. During normal operation there would be Utslippskomponent CO2 NOX VOC
no production flare, but one has the possibility of Tonn 20.50 450 32
flaring gas at the stop of a compression 0
compressor or export compressor to avoid
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve skje fra boring av brønnenes øverste Februar 2005
seksjoner
9.8.2 Utslipp til sjø hvor det nyttes vannbasert slam. Boreslammet vil
bli forsøkt gjenbrukt. It will not be released to the
Planlagte utslipp til sjø fra plattformen vil
sea of oil-based sludge or cuttings. Cuttings of oil-
være utslipp av produsert vann kun dersom
based sludge are transported to land for treatment
vannin- jeksjonsanlegget er ute av drift. In
and disposal, alternatively reinjected if
addition, there will be drains of drainage
practicable.
water, sanitation water, cooling water.
Expected emissions of drill cuttings and drilling
Produsert vann: fluid by drilling three production wells and three
Produserte vannvolumer forventes å være rela- water injection wells are shown in Table 9.3.
tivt begrenset. Vannet vil bli injisert sammen
med Utsiravann som trykkstøtte i reservoaret. 9.8.3 Avfall
In case of operating disruption, smaller
volumes will be released, but the water will be En egen avfallshåndteringsplan skal utarbeides for
cleaned with hydrocyclones to ensure that Volve. Measures to reduce waste volumes will be
emissions meet today's regulatory focused and source sorting before final disposal
requirements. Any water soluble chemicals will be undertaken.
that are added in the process will follow the
liquid phase. 9.8.4 Miljørisikoanalyse
Det er gjennomført en miljørisikoanalyse av Volve
Drenasjevann: for å påse at de valgte utbyggings- og
Drenasjevann fra ikke-oljeforurensede driftsløsninger er innenfor Statoils operasjons-
områder vil bli ledet til sjø, mens drenasjevann spesifikke akseptkriterier med hensyn til miljø.
fra for- urensede områder ledes til en
oppsamlingstank for reinjeksjon. Oil-based The environmental risk of Volve is associated
drainage from high pressure process with accidents that may cause acute oil spillages.
equipment will be collected in a closed By accident, oil could float to the surface like a
drainage system and continued to the flake. Feltberedskap for håndtering av eventuelle
separation process. utslipp blir samordnet med Sleipner installasjo-
ner og andre felt i området og som et minimum
Kjølevann: være i henhold til anerkjente normer og vil bli
Sjøvann fra kjøling av olje og gass vil bli slup- konkretisert i det videre arbeid.
pet ut til sjø. The water will contain residues Miljørisikoanalyse vil bli oppdatert i forkant av
of hypochlorite. boreoperasjoner.
Utslipp av borevæske og borekaks:
Boreslamprogrammet for Volve vil utvikles
slik at utslipp til sjø minimaliseres.
Kontinuerlige utslipp av boreslam og borekaks
til sjø vil kun
Tabell 9.3 - Planlagt utslipp av vannbasert borevæske og kaks boret med vannbasert borevæske (m 3)
3 produksjonsbrønner 3 injeksjonsbrønner 2 vannprodusenter

Borevæs Kaks Borevæs Kaks Borevæs Kaks
ke ke ke
5673 1137 4485 2115 2304 710
9.8.5 Konsekvensutredning utgangspunkt i “Regional

I henhold til Petroleumsloven og retningslinjer konsekvensutredning for
fastsatt av Olje- og energidepartementet er det
utarbeidet en konsekvensutredning for å be-
skrive virkninger for miljø, naturressurser og
samfunn. Konsekvensutredningen er oversendt
tidligere til OED og tar i hovedsak
Nordsjøen” utarbeidet av Statoil i samarbeid med dokumentasjonen for Volve konsekvensutred-
andre oljeselskaper i 1999. ning. Together, the RKU North Sea and Volve KU
Den regionale konsekvensutredning for Nord- cover the requirements for the investigation of the
sjøen (RKU Nordsjøen) inngår som en del av effects of Volveutbyggingen.
● Kontrakten med leverandør av lagerskip
10 Organisering og gjennomføring (FSU)
● Prosjektgjennomføringsstrategi (PGS)
10.1 Prosjektets styringssystem
● Prosjektgjennomføringsplan (PGP)
10.1.1 Mål og virkemidler ● Prosjektets øvrige styrende dokumentasjon
Utbygging av Volve skal gjennomføres i og planer
henhold til Statoil`s konserndokument ● Kontrakter med eksterne leverandører
AR05 “Prosjektutvikling” samt de føringer (Statoil rammeavtaler)
som er definert i Norsok. ● Avtaler med interne leverandører (for
eksempel Sleipner B&B)
The project must be goal-oriented, with
● Relevante prosedyrer for drift på Sleipner-
particular attention being paid to dealing
feltet.
with uncertainty. Pro- sjektets hovedmål er
knyttet til:
10.2 Organisasjonsbeskrivelse
● Helse, miljø og sikkerhet
● Lønnsomhet 10.2.1 Operatøransvar
● Gjennomføring I henhold til samarbeidsavtalen ivaretar Statoil
● Kvalitet den daglige ledelsen av virksomheten som ut-
føres i tilknytning til Utvinningstillatelse 046 på
Viktige virkemidler for å nå målene er: vegne av eiergruppen. The operator performs his
● Leverandørvalg og ”på-se” aktiviteter duties according to decisions of the Steering
● Kontinuerlig fokusering på usikkerhetsele- Committee, which is the supreme body in the
menter knyttet mot de målene som er defi- ownership group.
nert
● Et helhetlig system for styrende 10.2.2 Planleggings- og utbyggingsorgani-
dokumenter sasjon
● Kvalitet som en integrert del av ledelses- Den daglige utøvelse av Statoils operatøran-
ansvaret på alle nivåer svar for planleggingen og utbyggingen av Volve
● Kvalitet som bygges inn i produkter og blir ivaretatt av en prosjektorganisasjon.
aktiviteter ved bruk av korrekte og Prosjektet er organisert med et kjerneteam som
dokument- erte styringssystemer og har det gjennomgående ansvar for plan- legging
rutiner. og utbygging av Volve frem til pro-
sjektavslutning.
10.1.2 Dokumentasjon av styringssystem Prosjektet vil i utstrakt grad bruke hovedleve-
Prosjektets styringssystem er basert på: randørenes ressurser i tillegg til å ha et nært
samarbeid med Statoils kompetanseenheter.
● myndighetenes lover og forskrifter
● konsesjonsbetingelser og lisensavtaler I forbindelse med boreplanlegging og gjen-
nomføring vil et eget boreprosjekt etableres med
● Statoils styrende dokumenter
ansvar for ferdigstillelse av brønnene. The
Kvalitetssystemet for prosjektet består av: drilling project will report to Volve's project
manager.
● Oppdragavtale mellom Troll/Sleipner
Driftsdirektør og T&P/Direktør for Pro- Erfaringer fra Yme og Glitne feltenes driftsor-
sjekter ganisasjon har vært og vil bli utnyttet i plan-
● Prosjektavtale mellom T&P/Direktør for leggingen og gjennomføringen av prosjektet.
Prosjekter og Volve Prosjektsjef
● Denne PUD med støttedokumentasjon og
Konsekvensutredningen
● Kontrakten med leverandør av oppjekkbar
plattform
T&P/Direktør
Prosjekter
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Volve

Februar 2005
Prosjektsjef
44
H St
M ab
S er
Figur 10.1 - Operatørens organisasjon i mobiliseringsfasen
10.2.3 Driftsorganisasjon På områder der det er behov for spesialkom-

Statoil, som operatør for Utvinningstillatelse petanse for eksempel i ”på-se” aktivitetene til
046, er ansvarlig for alle aktiviteter ovenfor operatøren vil prosesseierne og fagansvarlige i
myndigheter og partnere. Daglig drift- og Statoil benyttes.
vedlikeholdsansvar er regulert gjennom kont-
rakten mellom hovedleverandøren og Statoil. 10.2.6 Kompetansebehov og opplæringstil-
Installasjonene skal drives i henhold til de til tak
enhver tid gjeldene myndighets- og selskaps-
krav. Statoil besitter i dag personell med kompe-
tanse til å styre planleggingen og utbyggingen
Landorganisasjonen for Volve er lokalisert i av Volve. Hovedleverandøren har gjennom
Stavanger inkludert operative støttefunksjoner kontrakten forpliktet seg til å fremskaffe kom-
som helikopterbase og forsyningsbase. Volve petanse og utføre opplæringstiltak som kreves
vil i driftsfasen integreres med Sleipner drifts- og er nødvendig for oppnå kontraktens inten-
organisasjon. sjoner i overensstemmelse med lover og
regler.
10.2.4 Samordning med andre felt
10.2.7 Personellbehov
Prosjektet vil samarbeide aktivt med basisor-
ganisasjonene og andre utbyggings- og drifts- I driftsfasen vil Operatørenes landorganisasjon
organisasjoner for å dra nytte av stordriftsfor- utgjøre om lag 16 årsverk samt kontraktørenes
deler ved inngåelse av kontrakter, fellestje- landorganisasjon. Annual work related to
nester, tekniske støttefunksjoner og transport. offshore operations will be between 100 and
150 full-time equivalents, depending on the
Supply and base services and preparedness
level of drilling activity on the platform.
will be coordinated with other Statoil fields in
the southern part of the North Sea. Den samlede sysselsettingen tilsvarer omlag
3.400 årsverk, av disse er 550 direkte årsverk,
10.2.5 Rekruttering til utbyggings- 2.200 hos underleverandører og 650 vil være
og driftsorganisasjonen konsumvirkninger. Av den samlede sysselset-
tingsvirkningen i Norge i perioden 2005 til
Rekruttering til kjerneteamet er foretatt internt 2012 på 3.400 årsverk, vil olje- og gassvirk-
i samarbeid med ressurseierne i Statoil. somheten utgjøre 15% av sysselsettingen, til-
Recruitment of resources for development and svarende 500 årsverk. The biggest is business
operational tasks is done by the main suppliers and business operations with 950 and 600
as agreed in the contract. man-years.
Operatøren har nominert en selskapets repre- It is assumed that Volve is operated from Stavanger.
sentant med ansvar og myndighet til å forestå
all formell kommunikasjon med hovedleve-
randørene.
Plan for utbygging
10.3 Forholdet og drift av Volve
til industrien og sam- Februar 2005
studiene danner grunnlaget for bestilling av
funnet utstyr med lang leveringstid, og dette utstyret
10.3.1 Samfunnsøkonomiske vil bli bestilt ved beslutning om innlevering av
konsekvenser PUD. Følgende milepæler gjelder for
framdriften av prosjektet:
Fremskaffelse av produksjonsfasilitetene til
Volve utføres som et leiekonsept av delvis  Prosjektering og
eksisterende fasiliteter og nyanskaffelser gjen- bygging av
nom en hovedleverandør. prosessanlegg feb. 2005 – mai 2006
 Prosjektering og
The development of Volve is planned for the bygging av
period December 2004 to January 2007. Total eksportsystemet feb. 2005 – mars 2006
investments are estimated at 1968 Mill. NOK  Installasjon av
eksportrør og bøye april – okt. 2006
2005, including drilling and composting of  Plattform til verft sept. 2006
wells.  Oppkobling av
The production facilities will be assembled on prosessanlegg okt. – nov 2006
 Uttauing av plattform des. 2006
a Norwegian shipyard and will secure  Produksjonsstart 1. halvår 2007
contracts for the Norwegian shipbuilding
industry. I henhold til kontrakt vil uttauing av plattform
finne sted i desember 2006. Værrisikoen ved
10.3.2 Anskaffelser utslep er kontraktørs risiko mht kostnader.
Because of. possible delays related to the
Valg av konsept/kontraktør var basert på mar- deployment of the winter platform and
kedsvurderinger gjennomført sommeren/høst generally tight implementation plan,
2004. Den viste at kun det valgte konsept gir licensees have assessed the risk of delays so
grunnlag for økonomisk robust utvinning av that production start may be delayed and has
Volvefeltet og innretningen er planlagt sikret therefore indicated start-up during the first
for dette formål. half. Dersom kontraktor holder sine planer,
In its other acquisitions, the project will utilize er forventet oppstart mars 2007.
the company's total expertise and market
position, as well as the company's framework 10.5 Verifikasjon og oppfølging av ho-
agreements and standard tender procedures. vedkontrakter
Fra PUD innsendelse vil Statoil fortsette med
10.3.3 Anvendelse av forsknings- og utvik- et Volve prosjektteam som har totalansvaret,
lingsresultater ref. kapittel 10.2. In this team, led by the
Statoil har et aktivt og omfattende engasje- company's representative for the contracts,
ment innen forskning og utvikling. When dedicated personnel will be responsible for the
designing and selecting solutions, results from verification and follow-up of the main
this research and development will be used to contractor's activities according to the project's
the extent that it is appropriate. supervisory plan and Statoil's governing
documents.
The development is based on known
technology and, for that reason, has not The team will focus on suppliers' deliveries
defined special technology development in the meeting requirements under the regulations.
project implementation phase. Statoil will, through regular meetings and on-
going activities, follow up on HSE, quality,
progress and implementation of the
10.4 Prosjektgjennomføringsplan
contractors.
Prosjektet er basert på oppstart av detalj
Close dialogue with the authorities, mainly the
prosjekteringsstudier i forbindelse med
Petroleum Safety Authority Norway, the
inngåelse av intensjonsbrev med de valgte
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and the SFT
leverandørene i desember 2004. Disse
will be necessary.
11 Avslutningsplan
11.1 Innledning
Produksjonen på Volve stenges ned når pro- The oil and gas export pipelines will be
sjektet gir negativ kontantstrøm. Basert på evaluated. På grunn av at rørene er nedgravd,
forventningspriser og estimert produksjons- kan dette være vanskelig. Alternatives to
profil vil dette skje etter ca. 5 years of removal and reuse will be to pinch the pipe
production. ends.
Eierne i Volve kan avslutte kontrakten på Plattformen vil plugge brønnene og fjerne
innleie av Mærsk Inspirer og Navion Saga produksjonstubing og foringsrør i henhold til
med 6 måneders varsel forutsatt at total tid på gjeldene regelverk.
feltet blir minimum 36 måneder. Basert på Plattformen vil sikre brønnene i henhold til
produksjonsutviklingen og oljepris vil tids- eksisterende regelverk. When fuse of the wells
punktet for kansellering endre seg. is completed, only cuttings with water-based
Notification of cancellation of a contract to sludge will remain on the seabed.
terminate Volve production will be addressed
by the authorities in good time. Hovedmålet er
11.3 Kostnader ved nedstengning og
å oppnå en høyest mulig utvinning av feltet.
fjerning
Selve fjer- ningen av installasjonene og
nedstengning av brønner vil bli utført i De totale kostnadene for plugging av brønner
henhold til gjeldende regelverk. Regelverket er 93 Mill. NOK2005.
gir retningslinjer for både nedstengning av Removal of checkable platform, risers,
brønner og fjerning av installasjonene. pipelines and anchors is estimated at 51 Mill.
NOK2005, basert på dagens ratenivå for de
11.2 Produksjonsinnretningene ulike fartøy som forventes benyttet.
Når Volvefeltet ikke lenger kan drives øko-
nomisk vil brønnene stenges ned. STL bend
with anchorage will be removed using an
anchor handling vessel.
12 Økonomiske analyser og vurderinger
12.1 Kostnader ved utbygging og drift
Utbyggingskostnadene er utarbeidet i henhold kompensasjon og tariff for produsert olje og
til Statoils retningslinjer og baserer seg på er- gass samt avtalt mobilisering og demobilise-
faringer fra tidligere prosjekter og til- rings sum.
buds/kontraktpriser fra kontraktørene/
leverandørene. Kostnadene er delt opp i fire elementer:
 investeringselement for oppjekkbar platt-
12.1.1 Investeringer form
Volve leiernes investeringer er hovedsakelig  driftskostnader som dekker kontraktors
knyttet til brønnkostnader (boring og komp- mannskap samt drift og vedlikehold
lettering) samt innkjøp av rørledninger, marine  investeringselement for lagerskip
installasjoner og mobilisering av bore-,  driftskostnader for lagerskip
produksjonsplattform og lagerskipet. Tabell
12.1 viser en oversikt over alle kostnadene. Kontrakten baseres på 3 års leietid med 6 må-
Table 12.1 - Investments
neders varsel om oppsigelse av kontrakt.
Both investment elements are stated in
Investments in Mill. NOK2005 nominal USD, ie they will not be inflation-
Brønner 937 adjusted. Prosess anlegget på Mærsk Inspi- rer
Mobilisering plattform 291 vil bli betalt via en enhetstariff gitt i
Eksport system 391 forskjellige valutaer (NOK, EUR, USD/fat
inklusiv olje ekvivalent.)
lagerskip
349
Driftskostnadene i kontraktene er gitt i
Prosjektledelses-kostnader
inklusiv prosjektreserve respektive NOK, EUR, USD2004 og vil være
Totalt 1968 gjenstand for lønns-/indeksregulering. In
addition, it is assumed that the warehousing is
12.1.2 Leiekostnader for leased by the owner of Volve. The
produksjonsfasili- teter warehousing lease costs are given in the
contract with Teekay Norway. Rental cost of
Leiekostnader for Mærsk Inspirer med tilhø- contractor converted to USD / d is shown in
rende utstyr og drift av anlegget er basert på Table 12.2.
kontraktspris fra Mærsk i form av fast dag rate
Table 12.2 - Lease costs to contractor per. dag i bore/produksjons periode (ikke inflasjonsjustert)
Leie av oppjekkbare plattformen Mærsk Inspirer / lagerskipet Navion Saga
Investeringselement plattform 92 500 USD NOM/dag
Investeringselement lagerskip 38 590 USD NOM /dag i 3 år, deretter 18.076 USD NOM
Drift- og vedlikeholdskostnader plattform 95 USD 2004/dag(borefase) /
313 USD 2004/dag (bore & prod. fasen)
109 USD 2004/dag (produksjonsfase)
638
72
467
Drift- og vedlikeholdskostnader lagerskip 22 444 USD 2004/dag
Tabell 12.3 - Leiekostnader til kontraktor pr. fat oljeekvivalenter (ikke inflasjonsjustert)
Leie av 55 55 -65 65 -75 75 -85 deretter
prosessanle millioner fat millioner fat millioner fat millioner fat
gg oe oe oe oe
2,75 USD 2,25 USD 2,0 USD 1,75 USD 1,50 USD
nom/fat oe nom/fat oe nom/fat oe nom/fat oe nom/fat oe
Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve merte kostnader som vil påløpe forFebruar 2005
å demobi-
12.1.3 Operatørens driftskostnader lisere produksjonsinnretning og sikre brønn-
Følgende driftskostnader vil måtte dekkes av ene er vist i tabell 12.5.
Volve eierne i tillegg til leiekostnadene til
Table 12.5 - Removal and plugging costs
kontraktør, se tabell 12.4.
Removal and plugging costs Mill. NOK 2005
Tabell 12.4 - Operatørens årlige driftskostnad ved Fjerning av Jack-up/ FSU/Stigerør 51
platårate / rørledninger
Plugging av brønner 92
Driftskostnader pr. 12. mnd produksjon i mill
NOK 2005 Totalt 143
Logistikk (helikopter, forsyning etc.) 31
Operatørens driftsorganisasjon 37 12.1.5 Kostnadsprofil til de økonomiske
Produksjonskjemikalier 12 beregninger
Brønn intervensjonskostnader 27 Estimert inntekstprofil er basert på 94 % re-
2
Co – avgift / Nox avgift 19 gularitet. Utgiftene er antatt med samme re-
Diverse 29 gularitet, men dag raten er inkludert med 365
Sum 1 dager pr. year. Total costs per year are
5 presented in Table 12.6.
5
12.1.4 Fjernings - og pluggekostnader

Når Volve feltet er ferdig produsert, det vil si
når inntektene er mindre enn utgiftene (før
skatt), vil feltets produksjon termineres. Esti-
Tabell 12.6 - Kostnader pr. year, mill. NOK (nominelle NOK)

200 200 200 200 200 2010 2011 2012* Totalt
5 6 7 8 9 )
Brønner 7 67 828 189 1091
Mob., 156 720 876
undervannsutstyr,
prosjektledelse
Uforutsette kostnader 76 76
Totale 163 863 828 189 2043
investeringskost-
nader
Leie plattform og FSU 508 734 717 513 384 142 2998
(investering) inklusiv
tariff prosess anlegg /
Leie plattform og FSU 157 250 261 268 275 116 1327
(drift og vedlikehold)
Statoil driftskostnader 5 32 170 165 167 168 173 74 954
landstøtte
Avslutningskostnader 61 61
Plugging av brønner 110 110
Totale drifts kostnader 5 32 835 1149 1145 949 832 503 5450
Totale kostnader 168 895 1663 1338 1145 949 832 503 7493
*) Utgiftene før skatt er høyere enn inntektene før skatt i mai måned 2012. Utgiftene i tabell
12.6 i 2012 er derfor kun 5 måneders driftstid.
Plan for utbygging
12.2 Økonomiskeog driftanalyser
av Volve Februar 2005
12.2.1 Økonomiske forutsetninger

Beregningene er utført med økonomiske
forutsetninger som angitt i tabell 12.7.
Tabell 12.7 - Økonomiske forutsetninger
Økonomiske
forutsetninger
Forventet oljepris Brent blend USD/fat 22
Lav prisbane USD/fat 2004 15
"Forward" prisbane USD/fat nom. pr. 15.12.04 35 gjennomsnitt
Pris-straff for Volve olje USD/fat 2004 3,3
Valutakurs NOK/USD 6,75
Inflasjon Norge og USA 2,5 %
Produksjonsstart mars 2007
En prisreduksjon i forhold til Brent Blend 12.2.2 Lønnsomhet

skyldes at Volve har en olje med dårligere
teknisk kvalitet og lite total volum. Due to the Tabell 12.8 viser lønnsomheten til prosjektet.
short production time of Volve, economic Present value after tax is calculated on the
production time is calculated on the basis of total real cash flow to the total capital due to
production per month. For the basic case, it loan financing (WACC).
results in an economic production period of 63 Kontantstrømmene er diskontert til medio
months (oil price of 18.70 USD / bar in 2012). 2005.
I nåverdi beregningene etter skatt er det be-
nyttet investerings ekvivalent metoden (kapi-
taldelen av leieraten i forpliktet periode i 3 år).
Tabell 12.8 - Lønnsomhet med forventningspris og 18,70 USD/fat
Nåverdi (Mill. NOK 2005) og internrente

Før Etter
skatt skatt
Prisbane NV NV IR %
7% 8%
Forventet olje pris 18,7 USD/fat 2534 443 18,3
”Forward” pris 15.12.04 5565 1196 38,7
12.2.4 Kontantstrømsprofil
12.2.3 Nullpunktsprisen
Prosjektets kontantstrøm før skatt er
Nullpunktsprisen (NPP) både 7% før skatt og vist i figur 12.1.
8% etter skatt er beregnet til 17,50 USD/fat
Before the project has been producing for
2004 for Brent Blend kvalitet.
one year, estimated cash flow is positive
(early 2007). This is due to rapid
development and that the cost of renting a
platform and storage vessel does not start
before production commences.
50
Figur 12.1 - Kontantstrøm før skatt

± 300 MNOK. In addition, the effect of any
need for more wells is considered.
12.3 Prosjektusikkerhet
Marked:
12.3.1 Usikkerhet i de økonomiske
analyser Usikkerhet i markedet er belyst med å vise
økonomiske resultatet med høy prisbane på 35
De viktigste forhold som påvirker resultatet av USD/fat Brent blend og lav prisbane 15,0
de økonomiske analysene er usikkerhet innen USD/fat Brent blend.
reservoar, kostnader og marked.
Reservoar: 12.3.2 Sensitivitet
Reservoarusikkerhet er belyst med å benytte Resultat av de viktigste sensitivitetene er opp-
p90 og p10 produksjonsprofilene i øko- summert i tabell 12.9.
nomiberegningene. Risks related to leakage in
Volve is sensitive to oil prices, and is slightly
the reservoir are considered to result in
negative at low price. With the current prices,
production that is within the p90 and p10
the upside of the project is high.
estimates and is not included as own
sensitivity.
Kostnader:
Usikkerhet i kostnadsestimat er inkludert i
økonomiberegningene med oppside/nedside
på
Tabell 12.9 - Sensitiviteter økonomiberegninger (nåverdi)
Nåverdi
(Mill.NOK2005)
Før Etter
skatt skatt
NV NV 8%
7%
Volve med forventet oljepris på 18,7 USD/fat 2534 443
Reservoar
P90 produksjons profil 1520 203
P10 produksjons profil 3677 718
Kostnader
Investerings kostnader + 300 Mill. NOK 2247 359
Investerings kostnader - 300 Mill. NOK 2822 526
2 ekstra brønner 2295 373
Marked
Prisbane 15 USD/fat brent blend -211 -233
Prisbane 35 USD/fat Brent blend gj. snitt 5565 1196
”forward”
Plan for 15.12.04
utbygging og drift av Volve Februar 2005
Side 51
13Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve
Områdevurdering Februar 2005
13.1 Innledning
fellen er dessuten avhengig av forkastnings-
Volve har potensielle tilleggsvolumer i nær- forsegling. There are also opportunities for
liggende strukturer som ligger både innenfor segmentation of the structure, so exploration
og utenfor Volve definert område, ref figur must be taken step by step, while there must
1.2. Availability of drilling and processing be great focus on exploration and appraisal
equipment at Volve allows for cost-effective wells as a producer or injector wells.
exploration, refinement and production of oil
in these structures. Further exploration is West of Volve and Volve South,
assumed to be done late in the drilling phase Huginforeningen is mapped in a number of
or while the platform produces on plateau so smaller and partly rotated rejection blocks.
that additional volumes can be phased in when The presence of oil here depends on an oil /
there is free capacity. water contact that is significantly deeper than
what has been observed so far. The probability
Volve's development plan has only included of detection is therefore relatively low. The
production and costs related to proven oil, possibility of a deep contact can be delimited
exploration costs are excluded from the using a sidestep on the injector well in the
development plan. west. Given findings, 4-6 wells will need to
develop the western prospects.
13.2 Tilleggsvolumer og avgrensnings- In the western part of Volve, the structure of
strategi high amplitude seismic reflectors is plotted
I denne dokumentasjon er det bare tatt med internally in the Upper Jura package.
olje prospekter og ”leads” i borbar avstand fra Somewhat similar is seen west on the Lok
Volve installasjonen, se tabell og figur 13.1 Structure, where the well 15/9-C-2AH has
Volve Sør er en liten, men veldefinert struktu- demonstrated the presence of porous sandstone
rell høyde mellom Volve og Sleipner Øst. internally in the Draupne formation. The
There is a high likelihood of further migration migration of oil from the source area is also
of oil from Volve into Volve South so that the dependent on being able to take place in layers
probability is relatively high. Given of sandstone internally in the Draupne
foundations, the structure can be expanded formation. There is, therefore, some likelihood
with a manufacturer and an injector. The most that the amplitudes in the west represent oil-
obvious thing is to drill a dedicated filled sandstone, but it has not been possible to
exploration well from Volve with the produce a satisfactory mapping and therefore
opportunity to complete the well as a no volume is also calculated for this
manufacturer, given findings. prospectus. Upper Jurassic prospectivity is
assumed to be delineated in the same side-step
Theta South is a structure of the size of Volve. as mentioned above.
Det er betydelig usikkerhet knyttet til
muligheten for migrasjon inn i strukturen og
Tabell 13.1 - Funnsannsynlighet

Prospekt Funnsannsynligh Ressurser Risk
et ressurser
Volve Sør 0,56 5,9 3,3
Theta Sør 0,22 27,5 6,1
Vestlige prospekter 0,20 30 6
Totalt - 63,4 15,4
A
”bak
Volve
Loke Loke”
Western
Prospects
Volve Sør Theta Sør
SLØ Hugin 2830 GVK
Tidskart:
Bunn Hugin
Olje prospekter
og ”leads”
Figur 13.1 Volve områdekart med prospekter og “leads”

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Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Plan for utbyggingFebruar

9 Health, safety and safety 40

12.1.2 Leasing costs for production facilities 48

1 Introduction and summary

Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Februar 2005

deeper than that used in the base model (OVK

Figure 1.2 - Volving Development

2 History of History The

Table 2.1 - Foundations and Foundations are listed below:

Well Y Fo Condensate / NGL / Gas Reserves (GSm3)

The reservoir range is 2750 - 3120 m deep

, further data quality

During the work on the geological model for

Figure 3.4 - Principlefor reservoirs on Volve. Based on 15 / 9-2 (Sleipner West)

corrected to reservoir ratios with calculated

oil / water contact was used, the most likely

BBV NBV Pore HKPV STOOIP

combined to give a probability distribution of

Coefficient of Variation (CV) - sources of uncertainty in STOIIP

Figure 3-7 - Different

Table 4.1 -Results

4.3 Fluid datafluid

Table 4.2 - Fluid Properties

CHARACTERISTICS 15 / 9-19A 15 / 9-19SR

P90 Mode P10

Figure 4.1 - Well and Platform Locations

period. This enables the collection of dynamic

4.5.1 Oil production forecast

Estimated production start March 2007

Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve Februar 2005

Figure 4.3 - Water and water injection rate produced

Figure 4.4 - Gas production rate

4.6 Sensitivities and uncertainty

Figure 4.5 - Production profiles from the uncertainty analysis

Aver p90 p50 p10

4.7 Data acquisition in drilling and ● Drilling of new wells

4.8 Methods for increased oil recovery

Table 5.1 - Water analysis

5.3.3 Emulsions Therefore, Utsira water will be produced for

Table 6.1 - Summarization of the planned wellbore

Well Start Stop Deviation Sail angle Total depth

Based on the a technical

however, a selected 10 "casing

ground gas. 6.4 Comp

"and 8½", oil-

Multibowl 7 "P roduction tubing

Riser tension Plan for utbygging og drift av Volve

6.1 to 6.3. mMD P BR / liner hanger packer

Oljeproduksjonsbrønnene og Figur 6.1 - Oljeprodusent m/gassløft

21" x 20" OD riser

ESP (pump and motor)

9 5/8" Excluder screeen

13 3/8" x 20" x-over

Figur 6.2 - Vanninjeksjonsbrønn Figur 6.3 - Utsira vannproduksjonsbrønn

planlegges komplettert med pre-perforert

Dersom endringer i brønnmål identifiseres ba- geological or technical sideways is included

7.2 Alternativ utbygging

Følgende konsepter er vurdert med tanke