AIIMS Solved

May 2017 Recalled questions with

answers
1. An example of Anaplerotic reaction is

a) Pyruvate to acetaldehyde
b) Pyruvate to Oxaloacetate
c) Pyruvate to lactate
d) Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
2.Which of the following is having maximum thermic effect food?

a) Fat
b) Protein
c) Carbohydrate
d) Does not depend on type of food/macronutrient content

Specific dynamic action ( thermic effect ) is energy expenditure above resting metabolic energy. This includes
energy expenditure for digestion and absorption of food etc.

Maximum is for Protein (30%) then fat or lipid (12 %) least for carbohydrates ( 7%).Hence for weight loss
dieticians advice High protein diet.

3.A lady presented with tingling sensation in legs and hands...on examination she is having lesions in angle of
mouth with fissured red tongue. On investigation, glutathione reductase activity was low in her body
What's the vitamin deficient in her?

a) Vitamin B 2
b) Vitamin B6
c) Vitamin B 12
 d) Vitamin B 1

Glutathione reductase enzyme needs FAD hence its activity is reduced in riboflavin deficiency.Also remember
B2 deficiency causes fissured tongue cheilosis etc.

4,A patient with history of abdominal colic and headache since 3 months now complains of lower limb
weakness .What is the diagnosis?

a) Acute Intermittent Porphyria

b) Migraine
c) ?
d) ?

5.A girl licks paint that is peeled of from the toys ,develop acute abdominal pain ,tingling sensation of hands
and legs and weakness .Which enzyme is inhibited in this child?

a) ALA Synthase
b) Heme oxygenase
c) Coproporphyrinogen oxidase
d) ALA Dehydratase

Paints contain lead hence its most probably lead poisoning.

Biochemical effects of lead poisoning are

 Inhibition of ALA dehydratase >> Ferrochelatase

 Increased ALA excretion in urine.
 Increased ALA Synthase activity
6.A chronic alcoholic have low energy production because of Thiamine deficiency as it is
a) Acting as a cofactor for alpha ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase and pyruvate Dehydrogenase.
b) Acting as cofactor for transketolase in Pentose Phosphate pathway
c) Interferes with energy production from amino acids
d) Act as cofactor for oxidation reduction

Alpha Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase (TCA Cycle) and PDH (link between aerobic Glycolysis and TCA ) require
Thiamine,hence affect energy production,In alcoholic patients Thiamin deficiency is present.

7.In uncontrolled Diabetes mellitus what is the cause of high level of VLDL and TAG

a) Increased hepatic lipase

b) Increased LDL receptors
c) Increased activity of lipoprotein lipase and decreased activity of hormone sensitive lipase
d) Increased activity of hormone sensitive lipase and decreased lipoprotein lipase activity
Insulin increases activity of Lipoprotein Lipase but inhibit Hormone sensitive lipase.So in Diabetes mellitus
,due to decreased insulin, Lipoprotein lipase activity is decreased which increase VLDL. Hormone sensitive
lipase activity is iicreased which releases stored TAG from adipose tissue,hence TAG level rises.

8.Choose the true statement about mit DNA:

A. Few mutation compared to nuclear DNA
B. It has 3x109 base pairs
C. It receives 23 chromosomes from each parent
D. It codes for less than 20% of the proteins involved in respiratory chain

Expln

In ETC there are around 67 subunits,out it 13 proteins are coded by Mit DNA, which comes around19 %.

%.

9.Phenyl butyrate is used in urea cycle disorder because

a) Scavenges nitrogen
b) Increases enzyme activity.
c) maintain energy level
d) Increases Renal output of ammonia

Phenyl Butyrate is an nitrogen scavenger by combining with Glutamine.

10.Which of the following takes place in low insulin/glucagon ratio?

a) cholesterol synthesis
b) Glycogensynthesis
c) ketogenesis
 d) fatty acid synthesis

Here Glucagon level is high,so it is regarding fasting state. Ketogenesis is in fasting state.Rest all in fed state.

11.Gene editing can be done by various methods like hypermethylation and amplification. Which of the
following will not change the genetic code?

a) Epigenetics
b) Crispr
c) GenXpert
d) TALEN I
 Crispr and Talen I are gene editing techniques hence alter genetic code as it edit site of mutation .
 Genexpert is Nucleic Acid Amplification technique used to detect bacteria like Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
 Epigenetics only chemically modify DNA ,does not alter nucleotide sequence.

12’Which of the following produces 3 ATP by anaerobic glycolysis ?

a) Glucose.
b) Fructose
c) galactose
d) glycogen

In Muscle Glucose 6 Phosphatase is absent hence Glucose 6 Phosphate directly enter in to Glycolysis,which
spare 1 ATP utilized by Hexokinase.Hence out of 4 ATPs generated by anaerobic glycolysis only 1 is utilised,
hence 3 ATPs.

In Fructose no PFK I step hence no ATP utilized but Glyceraldehyde formed by Aldolase reaction require ATP
to get converted to Glyceraldehyde 3 PO4 hence4- 2 ATPs itself.

13.RFLP used in surgical ICU to identify staph aureus.The restriction site of the restriction endonuclease HIND
III can be

a) AAGAAG
b) AAGAGA
c) AAGCTT
d) AAGGAA
How can you find this when the opposite strand sequence is not given then ,the first and last base will be
complementary to each other.like wise second base and second last base.
For eg:- AGATCT is given opposite strand not given then first base A is complementary to last base T,like wise
G(second) and C(second last) ;A & T ie third and third last

AIIMS NOVEMBER 2016

Q1.A child presents with hyperuricemia and delayed developmental milestones.He also has
the habit of biting fingers and nails.What is the most probable enzyme deficiency?
a) HGPRtase deficiency
b) Phenyl Alanine Hydroxylase
c) Adenine Deaminase
d) Hexosaminidase A
Expln:
Case of Lesch Nyhan Syndrome. Enzyme deficiency is HGPRtase.
Lesch–Nyhan Syndrome Q

X-linked Recessive DisorderQ

Biochemical Defect
••Complete deficiency of HGPRTase
••Purine accumulates
••Purines degraded to uric acid
••Uric acid level increases
Clinical Features
••Hyperuricemia, Intellectual Disability
••Dystonic Movement, Choreoathetosis, Dysarthric Speech
••Compulsive self-mutilationQ
••Megaloblastic anemia also can occur in the Lesch– Nyhan syndrome, in which regeneration of
purine nucleotides is blocked.
Q2.What is the pH of the solution if the Hydrogen ion concentration is 5 millimoles/L.
a) 2.3
b) 3.7
c) 6.6
d) ?
EXPLN
pH=-log [H+]=log 1/[H+]
[H+]=5millimoles/L=5 x10-3 moles/L
pH=log 1/5 x10-3 moles/L=log 0.2+log 1/10-3=-0.6987+3=3-0.6987=2.3
Q3.A patient has normal blood glucose level as estimated by Glucose –Oxidase Peroxidase
method, shows positive Benedicts test in urine.Which of the following is likely cause?
a) Fructosemia
b) Galactosemia
c) Latent Diabetes Mellitus
d) ?Glucose Intolerance
EXPLN
This qn seems to be easy on first look but tricky.The patient has normal blood glucose,but
urine reducing substance is positive.
The problems are age of the patient not mentioned. Assoc clinical symptoms not
mentioned. Also blood glucose was a random sample or fasting sample also not given.
Option C & D ruled out as in latent Diabetes & in Impaired Glucose tolerance, blood
glucose level is high, but not up to diabetic level(fasting and Post prandial)
Then thinking of other options Galactosemia & Fructosemia
 Both cases give urine benedict's test positive.
 Blood glucose Oxidase test is specific for glucose ,here its normal.
Considering HFI & Galactosemia ,both have fasting hypoglycemia,but in fed state blood
glucose is normal.In the question it's not mentioned fasting ,hence consider it as a random
sample.So both Galactosemia and HFI are possible.
First we think about d/o associated with Fructose metabolism
1.Essential Fructosuria 2. HFI
Among these two Essential fructosuria is the better option than HFI ,as HFI it is a toxic
condition,the question should give age of the patient and associated features.Where as
Essential Fructosuria is a benign condition with normal blood glucose and Urine red sugar
+.But here option is NOT GIVEN as FRUCTOSURIA but FRUCTOSEMIA.The correct
term is Essential Fructosuria according to standard books not FRUCTOSEMIA,even
though blood fructose will be high.
Below OMIM title of Essential Fructosuria is given.
#229800 ICD+
FRUCTOSURIA, ESSENTIAL
Alternative titles; symbols
HEPATIC FRUCTOKINASE DEFICIENCY
KETOHEXOKINASE DEFICIENCY

Now we consider D/O associated with Galactose metabolism.

1.Galactosemia
Classic Galactosemia is due to Gal 1 Phosphate Uridyl Transferase Deficiency.To make a
diagnosis age of onset and associated features should be given.Like HFI this is toxic
condition .So we cvonsider other disorders
2.Galactosemia due to Epimerase defect or Galctokinase defect
These are less toxic than Classic galactosemia.
In the above question,Galctosemia is a better answer than Fructosemia because Epimerase
or Galactokinase enzyme deficiency is called as GALACTOSEMIA itself not
GALACTOSURIA unlike FRUCTOSURIA.
OMIM of Galactokinase deficiency given below.It called Galactosemia II NOT
GALACTOSURIA.
230200 ICD+
GALACTOKINASE DEFICIENCY
Alternative titles; symbols
GALK DEFICIENCY
GALACTOSEMIA II
So here best answer is GALACTOSEMIA
Q4.Which of the following is suitable test performed for diagnosis of Intestinal
malabsorption?
a) D-Xylose Test
b) Stool fat estimation
c) BT-PABA test
d) Hydrogen breath test
EXPLN:-D Xylose test, Stool fat estimation and Hydrogen breath test are tests for
Intestinal malabsorption.
Fat digestion and absorption being more complex...it is the first to be disturbed in
generalised malabsorption.So Stool fat estimation is the best answer
Tests for fat malabsorption
1.Faecal or stool fat estimation. Most sensitive test for fat malabsorption, but considered
absolete nowadays.Not done routinely in clinical laboratory.
2.14C-Triolein or 13C breath test-Test for fat malabsorption
Tests for Carbohydrate malabsorption
1.D-Xylose test-Test for monosacchride absorption
D-Xylose absorbed from jejunum,hence this is a test for jejunal malabsorption.
 But it is test for
1. Intestinal Carbohydrate malabsorption.
2. bacterial overgrowth in intestine .
3. Also it can be due to Disacchridase deficiency
Principle:-Mammalian cells do not produce hydrogen .A breath H2>20ppm indicates
Intestinal malabsorption as undigested carbohydrates like lactose,Sucrose etc causes
bacterial overgrowth in colon.Anaerobic bacteria produces hydrogen.
If Disacchridase deficiency then also disaccharides like lactose reach colon causes
bacterial overgrowth.
This can be a test for bacterial overgrowth also,as bacterial overgrowth need not be
always due to undigested carbohydrates.
Test for Exocrine Pancreas
BT-PABA Test or Bentiromide test
 Test for exocrine pancreas.
 BT-PABA is a compound cleaved by Chymotrypsin.Excretion of PABA in urine is
monitored
Q5.For gluconeogenesis which of the following reaction is more effective?
a) Citrate stimulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
b) Acetyl CoA stimulation of Pyruvate Carboxylase
c) Fructose 2,6 Bisphospate stimulates PFK
d) Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate stimulation of Pyruvate Kinase
Expln
 Citrate stimulation of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase favour Fatty acid synthesis
 Acetyl CoA stimulation of Pyruvate Carboxylase for Gluconeogenesis
 Fructose 2,6 Bisphospate stimulates PFK favour Glycolysis
 Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate do not favour Pyruvate Kinase

Q6.HCO3-/H2CO3 is considered most effective buffer at physiological pH because

a) It has pKa close to physiological pH
b) It is formed from a weak acid and base
c) Its components can be increased or decreased by the body
d) It can donate and accept H+

Expln
According tp Henderson Hasselbalch equation
pH=pKa + log [HCO3-]/[H2CO3]
The physiological pH is 7.4,In case of bicarbonate buffer
pH=6.1+ log 24/1.2=6.1 +log20=6.1+1.3=7.4,which is exactly equal to physiological pH.
Hence bicarbonate buffer is most effective buffer due to two reasons
1.The concentration of [HCO3-] is very high ie 24mmol/l hence the ratio is maintained at
20,hence pH can be maintained.
2.The components is under physiological control ie
[HCO3-] can be regulated by kidneys
CO2 ,hence Carbonic acid [H2CO3] is regulated by lungs.So any imbalance in [HCO3-
]/[H2CO3] can regulated by renal or respiratory method and ratio 20 can be maintained
Q7.Respiratory quotient after heavy carbohydrate meal is
a) 1
b) 1.2
c) 0.8
d) 0.7
RQ is CO2 produced to O2 consumed
RQ EnergyKJ/L of O2
Carbohydrate 1.00 ~20
Protein 0.81 ~20
Fat 0.71 ~20
Alcohol 0.66 ~20

Q8.HDL has highest content of

a) Saturated Fatty acid
b) Triglycerides
c) Cholesterol
d) Apolipoproteins
Expln
 Highest content of protein in HDL
 Highest content of lipids in Chylomicron
 Protein present in any lipoprotein is called apolipoprotein
 Highest lipid fraction in HDL is phospholipid
 Highest lipid fraction of Chylomicron is Triacyl Glycerol
 Highest lipid fraction of LDL is Cholesterol
Q9.Which of the following vitamin is endogenously formed in the body by metabolism?
a) Niacin
b) Cobalamin
c) Folic acid
d) Pantothenic acid
Expln
 Endogenously formed vitamins by intestinal flora is Vit K, Biotin, Pantothenic acid
 Endogenously formed vitamins by body metabolism is Vitamin D and Niacin
Q10.Which of the following interferes with absorption of Calcium?
a) Phytates of cereals
b) Vitamin D
c) Proteins in diet
d) Alkaline pH
Two answers are possible here
Q11.During exercise ,most rapid way to synthesize ATP is
a) Glycogenolysis
 b) Glycolysis
c) Phosphocreatine
d) TCA Cycle
Expln
Harper 30/e page 662 ,its given Creatine Phosphate prevent rapid depletion of ATP by
providing a readily available high energy phosphate that can be used to regenerate ATP
from ADP in muscle.

Q12.Ammonia from brain is detoxified as

a) Glutamate
b) Glutamine
c) Alanine
d) Urea
Expln
 Ammonia from the brain and most other tissue is detoxified as Glutamine.The
enzyme is Glutamine Synthestase.This is called as first line trapping of Ammonia.
 Ammonia is transported as Alanine from muscle.
 Urea cycle does not operate in the brain
Q13.CpG island in human genome is related to
a) tRNA synthesis
b) DNA methylation
c) DNA Acetylation
d) Replication initiation
Expln
 Cytosine of the CpG islands are the most common site of DNA
methylations.Promoters of Transcription are rich in CpG islands.
Q13.Which of the following have a positive charge in physiological pH?
a) Arginine
b) Aspartic acid
c) Isoleucine
d) Valine
At physiologicalpH positive charge is for Histidine,Arginine and Lysine.
Q14.One of the common intermediate in steroid hormone synthesis from Cholesterol?
a) 7 dehydrocholesterol
b) Pregnenalone
c) ?
d) ?
Q15.All occurs in mitochondria EXCEPT
a) Fatty acid synthesis
b) Beta oxidation of fatty acid
c) DNA Synthesis
d) Protein synthesis
Expln
Mitochondrial DNA there is DNA synthesis,and Protein Synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis otherwise given in Harper as Extramitochondrial fatty acid Synthase
system.
Q16 Which of the following is the normal Glucose Tolerance curve?

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Expln
In normal Glucose tolerance curve the key points to note are peak value at ½ to 1hr
Normalise by
2 to 2 and half hours.
 Curve A is rapid absorption of Glucose
 Curve D is Diabetes mellitus.
Qn Courtesy all my fb discussion group members.Most welcome to any doubts.

Invite your friends and juniors to my fb group drrebeccabiochemistrydiscussiongroup

For learning biochemistry in an interesting way and to get authentic answers.
Solved AIIMS Questions May 2016 to May
2010
1) The graph shown below is the titration curve of a biochemical compound. Which of the following statement is true
NaOH

pH

a. The maximum buffering capacity of the compound is represented by points A and B

b. The points A and B represent the range of maximum ionisation of the amine and carboxyl group
c. The compound has three ionisable side chains
d. The compound has one ionisable group

Explanation

TC -2 Titration curve of second ionizable gp

So it implies this is a TC of a compound with
Z two ionisable group.

TC -1 Titration curve of one ionizable gp

Y Three points marked
X-the ionizable gp is completely unionized
Y-the ionizable gp is partially ionized ,Max Buffering
X
activity is the vertical segment of TC-1
Z-the ionizable gp is completely ionized,the end point
of TC-1

A &B represent partially ionized not maximum ionization

This compound is having two ionizable group NOT two or three

2) All of the following amino acids forms acetyl coA via pyruvate dehydrogenase except
a. Glycine
b. Tyrosine
c. Hydroxyproline
 d. Alanine

 ***Tyrosine enter TCA cycle as Fumarate

 This is a must learn topic
3) Mammalian genome contains maximum gene that code for receptors of
a. Odorants
b. Interleukins
c. Immunoglobins
d. Growth factors
4) All of the following can be used to precipitate protein except(Repeat question)
a. Heavy metals
b. Alcohol and acetone
c. Precipitate at pH other than isoelectric pH
d. Trichloracetic acid

***Preciptation occurs when pH move towards isoelectric pH

5) A female infant appeared normal at birth but developed signs of liver disease one month of age and muscle weakness
at 3 months and severe hypoglcemia on early morning awakening. Examination revealed hepatomegaly, laboratory
analysis showed ketoacidosis, pH 7.2, increased AST and ALT over 1000IU.. Intravenous administration glucagon
followed by meals normalised blood levels, but glucose levels did not rise when glucagon was administered overnight
fast. Liver biopsy was done and glycogen constituted (8%) of wet weight. With the above picture which of the
following enzyme is deficient
a. Debranching enzyme
b. Glucose 6 phosphatase
 c. Muscle phosphorylase
d. Branching enzyme

Identifying features of Cori's Disease

 Early morning hypoglycemia means fasting hypoglycemia-characteristic of Liver GSDs

 Liver GSD with muscle weakness
 Hepatomegaly
 Elevated ALT and AST
 IV Glucagon following overnight fast do not respond
 Liver Glycogen Content is 5% normally its increased to 8% as debranching enzyme defective
6) Lipase that Is regulated by glucagon
a. Lipoprotein lipase
b. Hormone sensitive lipase
c. Gastric lipase
d. Pancreatic lipase

Hormone Sensitive lipase is activated by:

 Glucagon
 Catecholamines (Epinephrine & Norepinephrine)
 ACTH
 TSH
 Glucocorticoids
 Thyroid Hormones.
 Growth hormone.
 α and β Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
 Vasopressin
Hormone sensitive Lipase is inactivated by
 Insulin
 Nicotinic Acid
 Prostaglandin E1
7) The Susbstrate saturation curve given below characterizes an allosteric enzyme system.
 Vmax

With modifier

V
Vmax/2

[S]
A. Allosteric modifier binds in a concentration dependent manner
B. Modifier can affect the catalytic site by binding to the allosteric site.
C. Adding more substrate to the enzyme can displace the allosteric modifier
D. Allosteric modifiers changes the binding constant of the enzyme but not the velocity of reaction

8.Which of the following is not a glucogenic substrate in humans

a. Lactate
b. Oxaloacetate
c. Pyruvate
d. Acetyl CoA

9)A child ingested cyanide and rushed to the emergency room. Which of the following enzymes of citric acid cycle
is inhibited at the earliest

a. Citrate synthase
b. Aconistase
c. Acetyl CoA production
d. NAD donor
Two closely related answers are here,NAD+ donor and Acetyl CoA production
As there is a word ,earliest NAD+ donor is a better answer.Because as Cyanide inhibit Cyt c Oxidase,it inhibit the
the electron transfer of ETC,hence cannot accept electrons from reducing equivalents like NADH,so NAD+ donor
is affected.This inturn affect Acetyl CoA production,as NAD+ is a component of PDH,hence acetyl CoA production
is affected.So Pyruvate to Lactate...hence metabolic acidosis.

AIIMS Nov 2015

9.Heme biosynthesis do not occur in (AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Osteocyte
b) Liver
c) RBC
d) Erythroid cells of Bone marrow
10.Biotin act as a coenzyme for all except(AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Pyruvate to Oxaloacetae
 b) Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA
c) Propionyl CoA to Methyl Malonyl CoA
d) Glutamate to Gamma Carboxy Glutamate
11.Selenocysteine is coded by(AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) UGA
b) UAG
c) UAA
d) GUA
12.Which is an important factor(? Transporter) in iron metabolism not specific for iron? (AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Hepcidin
b) Ferritin
c) DMT-1
d) Apoferritin
Please see the wordings and answer

If it’s important factor-then answer Hepcidin

If its transporter then DMT-1 is the answer
13. Precipitation of proteins occur when it is treated with all except(AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Adding an alcohol and acetone
b) pH changes is moved away from isoelectric pH
c) with Trichloro acetic acid
d) With heavy metals
Its pH moved towards isoelectric pH, then precipitability is maximum
14. Why Glucose 6 Phosphatase cytoplasm of hepatocyte is not acted upon by Glucose 6 Phosphatase as soon as it is
formed? (AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Thermodynamically possible only when gluconeogenesis occur
b) Need Protein Kinase for its activation
c) Enzyme is present in EPR ,glucose 6 Phosphate need to be transported in to cytoplasm
d) Steric inhibition of Phosphatase by albumin

15.Glycogen Phosphorylase can be regulated by all following EXCEPT(AIIMS Nov 2015)

a) cAMP
b) Calmodulin
c) Protein Kinase A
d) Glycogenin

16.In lead poisoning which of the following is seen in urine(AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Delta ALA
b) Uroporphyrin
c) Coproporphyrin
d) Protoporphyrin
17.Vitamin B12 is not required for(AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Glycogen Phosphorylase
b) Methionine Synthase
c) Methyl Malonyl CoA Mutase
d) Leucine Amino Mutase
Cobamide Enzymes(Vitamin B12 as coenzyme)
 5 deoxyadenosylcobalamine-Methyl Malonyl CoA Mutase,Leucine Amino Mutase
 Methyl B12-Methionine Synthase

18.In HbS, Glutamic acid replaced by valine.What will be its electrophoretic mobility? (AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Increased
b) Decreased
c) No change
d) Depends on level of concentration of HbS

19.Which of the following does not contribute to glucose? (AIIMS Nov 2015)
a) Lactate
 b) Acetyl CoA
c) Pyruvate
d) Oxaloacetate
 Lactate PyruvateOxaloacetate-PEPGlucose
 Acetyl CoA is never converted to Glucose

AIIMS May 2015

20.Substrate used by RBC in fasting state is( May 2015)

a) Glucose
b) Amino Acids
c) Ketone body
d) Fatty acid
 RBC uses Glucose in fed, fasting and starvation
21. Enzyme common for both glycogenesis and glycogenolysis ( May 2015)
a) Glycogen synthase
b) Phosphogluco Mutase
c) Glucan Transferase
d) Glycogen Phosphorylase
22.A patient has total Cholesterol 300,TG 150,HDL 25. What would be the LDL value? ( May 2015)
a)245
b)125
c)55
According to Friedwalds equation to calculate LDL-C
LDL C=TC-HDL C-TG/5
=300-25-150/5
=245
Remember VLDL-C=TG/5
23. RNAi in gene expression denotes( May 2015)
a) Knockdown
b) Knock up
c) Knock in
d) Knock out
Targeted Mutagenesis can be of different types
 Gene Knock out- Endogenous gene is replaced by mutated transgene by homologous recombination in embryonic
stem cell.
 Gene Knock in-Mutated endogenous gene is replaced by normal transgene by homologous recombination in
embryonic stem cell.
 Gene Knock down-si RNA or mi RNA induced gene silencing called RNA interference or RNAi
 Gene Knock up- Using transcription factors, transcription of gene is increased

24. A .patient with eruptive xanthomas, drawn blood milky in appearance. Which lipoprotein is elevated in the plasma. (
May 2015)
a) Chylomicron
b) Chylomicron Remnants
c) LDL
d) HDL
25. Very high total cholesterol, elevated LDL , Normal level of LDL receptors. What is the probable cause ? ( May 2015)
a) ApoB100 mutation
b) Complete deficiency of Lipoprotein lipase
c) Cholesterol acyl transferase deficiency
26.A 6 month old boy admitted with failure to thrive with high glutamine and Uracil in urine
Hypoglycemia, high blood ammonia.Treatment given for 2 months. At 8 months again admitted for failure to gain
weight.Gastric tube feeding was not tolerated Child became comatose .Parenteral Dextrose given. Child recovered from
coma within 24 hours.What is the enzyme defect? ( May 2015)
a) CPS1
b) Ornitine transcarbamoylase
c) Arginase
d).arginino Succinate Synthetase
Clue to the diagnosis are
High glutamine content as it is the transporter of Ammonium ion,it is elevated in Hyperammonemia
Uracil in urine-because in OTC defect increased Carbamoyl derivative,enter in to cytoplasm enter in to
pyrimidine synthesis.hence increased Orotic acid ,Uracil etc
If the child presents with weakness,megaloblastic anaemia increased orotic acid or any carbamoyl
compounds etc and no hyperammonemia the diagnosis is Orotic aciduria due to Pyrimidine synthesis enzyme
defect(OPRTase & OMP Decarboxylase)
27.10yrs old boy with muscle weakness, fatigue ,increased lead in blood , which of following a biochemical parameter is
increased ? ( May 2015)
a) ALA synthase
b) Ferrochetalase
c) PBG deaminase
d) delta Amino Levulinic Acid Dehydratase
Lead intoxication…….>ALA Dehydratase inhibited………>Heme is not synthesid……..>Decreased Heme induces ALA
Synthase enzyme level at genetic level…..>So ALA Synthase increased
28. Child with hepatomegaly,growth retardation,muscle weakness,Hypoglycemia and accumulation of limit dextrins.What
is the diagnosis? ( May 2015)
a) Cori's disease
b) Von Gierke's
 c) Anderson
d) McCardles Disaese

29. A middle aged male Crumpled paper appearance in bone marrow , enzyme defect ? ( May 2015)
a) Glucocerbrosidase
b) Sphingomylinease
c) Gangliosidase
d) βGalactosidase

30. cre - cis regulatory elements bind to what site? ( May 2015)
a) REsite
b) FTR site
c) Lox P site
d) INT site

12.Lactic acidosis in thiamine deficiency is due to which enzyme dysfunction? ( May 2015)
a) Phosphoenol Pyruvate Carboxy Kinase
b) Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
c) Pyruvate Carboxylase
d) Aldolase

31.A child presents with coarse facies, macroglossia ,thick lips, hepatosplenomegaly, mucous nasal discharge,frontal
bossing,flat nose.What is the diagnosis? ( May 2015)
a) Beckwith Weidman Syndrome
b) Hurlers Disease
c) Hypothyroidism
d) Proteus Syndrome
32.Major type of collagen in basement membrane( May 2015)
a) Type I
b) Type II
c) Type III
d) Type IV
33.A 2 year old male child presented with pellagra like lesions with passage of amino acids in urine.Two siblings also
having the same complaints.The parents are normal.What is your diagnosis?

A. Phenyl Ketonuria
B. Alkaptonuria
C. MSUD
D. Hartnup's Disease

Hartnup Disorder
 Autosomal Recessive Condition.
 Named after first family in which the disorder identified.
Biochemical Defect
 Defective absorption of Tryptophan and other Neutral Amino Acid from Intestine and Renal Tubules
 The transporter protein for these amino acids (B0AT1) is encoded by the SLC6A19 gene
 Two chemically close transcription factors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) in the intestine and renal
tubules, and collectrin in the renal tubules, are required for expression of B0AT1 transporter protein by the
SLC6A19 gene.
 The mutated gene in patients with Hartnup disorder, unable to interact with the above transcription factors,
results in deficiency of B0AT1 protein either in the intestine or in the renal tubules or in both
Clinical Features
 Asymptomatic
 Cutaneous Photosensitivity is the most common presenting complaint.
 Intermittent Ataxia manifested as unsteady wide based gait.
 Pellagra like Symptoms
34.All the following are components of Collagen EXCEPT
A. Glycine
B. Proline
C. Lysine
 D. Desmosine

Differences Between Collagen And Elastin

Collagen Elastin
Different types of
Only one type exist.
Collagen present
No triple helix instead
Triple helix Structure random coil
conformations
(Gly-X-Y) n repeating No (Gly-X-Y)n repeating
structure structure
Presence of
No hydroxylysine
hydroxylysine
Glycosylation present No Glycosylation
Intramolecular
Intramolecular aldol
desmosine cross-
cross-links
links
Presence of extension No extension peptides
peptides during present during
biosynthesis biosynthesis
35.All the following can detect epigenetic modification except
A. HPLC
B. Methylation specific PCR
C. Bisulphite method
D. ChIP on Chip

Molecular Methods to Detect Epigenetic Modifications in the Genome

Traditional Sanger sequencing alone cannot detect epigenetic modification
1. Methylation-specific PCR can detect DNA methylations
2. DNA Chromatin Immuno Precipitation (ChIP) followed by Microarray hybdridisation analysis or Direct Sequencing(
ChIP- Chip or ChIP-Seq)detect histone modifications
3. Bisulphite Sequencing
4. Methylation Sensitive Restriction Endonuclease Digestion
Principle of Bisulphite Sequencing
 Sodium Bisulphite convert unmethylated Cytosine to Uracil, which function like thymine in base pairing.
 But methylated Cytosines are protected from modification,hence remain unchanged

HPLC is a separatory technique or Purification technique

36.An 6 month old infant presented with vomiting upon weaning with fruit juices.Till now he was on exclusive breast
feeding. What is the probable enzyme deficiency?

A. Hexokinase
B. Aldolase B
C. FructoKinase
D. Glucose 6 Phosphatase

Biochemical defect
 Deficiency of Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase (Aldolase B)
 Deficiency of this enzyme activity causes a rapid accumulation of fructose-1-phosphate and
initiates severe toxic symptoms when exposed to fructose.
Clinical manifestations
Patients with HFI are asymptomatic until fructose or sucrose (table sugar) is ingested (usually from fruit, fruit juice,
or sweetened cereal).
Symptoms may occur early in life, soon after birth if foods or formulas containing these sugars are introduced into
the diet.
Early clinical manifestations resemble galactosemia and include jaundice, hepatomegaly, vomiting, lethargy,
irritability, and convulsions,hypoglycemia .
Acute fructose ingestion produces symptomatic hypoglycaemia

MAY 2014

37.In the entire genome, the coding DNA constitutes how much (AIIMS 2014 May)

a) 1%
b) 2%
c) 0.1%
d) 4%
 Current estimate is~1%(0.01) is exonic DNA
 Haploid genome is 3x109 bp of DNA.
38..Final acceptor of electrons in ETC is(AIIMS 2014 May)
a) Cyt c
b) Oxygen
c) FADH2
d) CoQ
 Oxygen accept e- and it is reduced to water.
38.Enzyme common to both Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis is( AIIMS May 2014)
a) Glycogen Synthase
b) Glycogen Phosphorylase
c) Glucan Transferase
d) PhosphoGluco Mutase

Enzymes of Glycogen Synthesis & Glycogenolysis

Glycogen Synthesis Glycogenolysis Remarks

1.Glucokinase/HexoKinase 1.Glucose 6 Phosphatase
2.PhosphoGlucomutase 2.PhosphoGluco Mutase Enzyme Common to Glycogen
Synthesis & Glycogenolysis.
3.UDP Glucose Pyrrophosphorylase ----------
4.Glycogen Synthase 3.Glycogen Phosphorylase
5.Branching Enzyme 4.Debrancing Enzyme(Glucan
( α 1-4 to α 1-4 Glucan transferase Transferase, α 1,6 Glucosidase)
Enzyme common to Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
 All the reversible enzymes of Glycolysis are common to Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis.

39.Methylation of Cytidine residues of DNA will cause(AIIMS 2014 May)

a) No Change
b) Decrease gene expression
c) Mutation
d) Increase in gene expression

DNA Methylation
Generally decreases the gene expression or Gene silencing.
 DNA Demethylation
Generally increases the gene expression .
40.Which of the following is not an intermediate of TCA Cycle? (AIIMS 2014 May)
a) Acetyl CoA
b) Citrate
c) Succinyl CoA
d) Alpha Keto Glutarate
 Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate are the starting materials of TCA Cycle.
 First substrate of TCA cycle is Oxaloacetate

41.Which of these disease can be treated by enzyme replacement?

a) Gaucher’s Disease
b) Fabry’s Disease
c) Pompe’s disease
d) Sanfilippo Disease
NB:-All are correct options except Sanfilippo, but the best answer is Gaucher’s Disease,being the first approved
ERT.(Emery and Rimoins Essential Medical Genetics Chapter 28 table 28.3)
Stem Cell
MPS Type Enzyme Replacement
Transplantation(SCT)
I( Hurler, Scheie) Yes Aldurazyme
II( Hunter Disease) Questionable Elaprase
III(Sanfilippo) NO No
IVA(Morquio) No Preclinical
VI(Maroteaux Lamy
Yes Naglazyme
Disease)
VII(Sly ) Questionable ?

Gauchers Disease

 Recombinant Human Acid Beta Glucosidase( Imiglucerase)

 Velaglucerase alfa
 Taliglucerase alfa
Fabry's Disease
 Recombinant α-galactosidase (Agalzidase β orFabrazyme)
 Agalzidase α (Replagal)
Pompe's Disease

 Recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (alglucosidase alfa, (Myozyme)

42.Vitamin deficiency causing circum corneal vascularisation is(AIIMS 2014 May)

a) Biotin
b) Riboflavin
c) Thiamine
d) Vitamin D
Principal Clinical Findings of Vitamin Malnutrition
Nutrient Clinical Finding
Thiamin Peripheral nerve damage (beriberi) or central nervous system lesions (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)

Riboflavin Magenta tongue, angular stomatitis, , cheilosis, seborrheic dermatitis, circumcorneal Vascularisation
Niacin Pellagra: pigmented rash of sun-exposed areas (photosensitive dermatitis), bright red tongue,
diarrhea, apathy, memory loss, disorientation,depressive psychosis
 Vitamin Seborrhea, glossitis, convulsions, neuropathy, depression, confusion, microcytic anemia
B6
Folate Megaloblastic anemia, atrophic glossitis, depression, homocysteine
Vitamin Pernicious anemia = megaloblastic anemia with degeneration of the spinal cord, loss of vibratory and
B12 position sense, abnormal gait, dementiaQ, impotence, loss of bladder and bowel control,
homocysteine, methylmalonic acid
Pantothe Peripheral nerve damage (nutritional melalgia or "burning foot syndrome")
nic Acid
Scurvy: petechiae, ecchymosis, coiled hairs, inflamed and bleeding gums, joint effusion, poor wound
Vitamin C healing, fatigue

Vitamin A Xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot's spots, follicular hyperkeratosis, impaired embryonic
development, immune dysfunction
Vitamin D Rickets: skeletal deformation, rachitic rosary, bowed legs; osteomalacia
Vitamin E Peripheral neuropathy, spinocerebellar ataxia, skeletal muscle atrophy, retinopathy
Vitamin K Elevated prothrombin time, bleeding
43.In the crystalline lens, level of tocopherol and Ascorbate is maintained by(AIIMS 2014 May)

a) Glutathione
b) Glyoprotein
c) Fatty Acid
d) Glucose

Answer: a, Glutathione

44.2,3 DPG binds to ___ sites in hemoglobin & causes ___in its oxygen affinity (AIIMS 2014 May)

a) four, increases
b) four, decreases
c) one, increases
d) one , decreases
 The hemoglobin tetramer binds one molecule of BPG in the central cavity formed by its four subunits.
 Elevated BPG lowers the affinity of HbA for O2 (increases P50), which enhances the release of O2 at peripheral
tissues.
 One Hb binds to 4 mols Oxygen and but one mol of 2,3 DPG.
 Hb F has low affinity towards 2,3 BPG.

45.Which of the following disease is not caused by Uniparental Disomy? (AIIMS 2014 May)

a) Angelman Syndrome
b) Praderwilli Syndrome
c) Bloom’s Syndrome
d) Russel Silver Syndrome

Some selected Qns from previous years -AIIMS Nov 2013 to May 2010

46.The resolution power of light microscope for chromosome is ( AIIMS Nov 2013)
a.5kb b.50mb c.5mb d. 500kb
 Banding technique under light microscopy-5-10mb
 Metaphase and Interphase FISH-40-250 thousand mb
Comparison of different Cytogenetic Techniques
Method Requires Detects Detects Detects Lower limits of
growing cells deletion and balanced Uniparental detection
duplication structural Disomy
rearrangements
G Banding Yes Yes Yes No 5-10mb
Metaphase Yes Yes Yes No 40-250
FISH thousand mb
Interphase No Yes Some No 40-250
FISH thousand mb
CGH array No Yes No No Single Exon or
Single gene
SNP array No Yes No Some Single Exon or
Single gene

47.Method to find known gene loci? ( AIIMS Nov 2014)

A. FISH
B. RT PCR
C. Chromosome Painting
D. CGH
48.The Use of PCR is ( AIIMS Nov 2013)
A. Amplifying short DNA sequences
b. nick sticky ends
c. Identify plasmids
d. Cleave plasmids

49.About folic acid which of the following is not true( AIIMS Nov 2014)
a. Is present in spinach ,eggs peanuts
b .In India wheat (flour) is fortified with folic acid as in USA
c.Is beneficial in them periconceptional period as neural structures are developed in first 28 days
D.Reduces the incidence of neurological defects like spine bifida

50.A 43 year Female on junk food presents with perifollicular heamorhage and echymosis ,on examination hemorrhagic
gingivitis and glossitis is present .Arthroscopic examination reveals bleeding into joints . This defect is due to( AIIMS Nov
2014)
a) Platelet aggregation
b) .Defective elastin synthesis
c) Defective carboxylation of clotting factors
d) Defective hydroxylation of proline and lysine
51.Ribozymes is ( AIIMS Nov 2014)
a) a.tRNA synthase
b) b.peptidyle transferase
c) c.peptidase
d) d.
52.Which of the following is not a component of Fatty acid complex( AIIMS Nov 2013)
a. Acetyl transacylase
b. Acetly CoA Carboxylase
c. Enoyl reductase
d .Keto acyl Synthase
53. The enzyme activated with low insulin : glucagon ratio is ( AIIMS Nov 2013)
A. Hexokinase B. Glucokinase C. Pyruvate kinase D. G 6 phosphatase
Remember ,even if u don’t know the answer of this qn,find the odd option,ie HK,GK & PK is for Glycolysis and G6
Phosphatase is for gluconeogenesis( G6 Phosphatase is the answer)
54..Ketosis is seen in Von Gierkes.This is due to all except( AIIMS Nov 2013)
a) They have low blood glucose levels
b) They have hypoglycemia
 c) They have poor fat mobilisation
d) oxaloacetate is needed for gluconeogenesis
There is increased fat mobilization because low blood glucose level.

55.Biomarker not involved in acute kidney injury? ( AIIMS Nov 2013)

A.NGAL B.KIM1 C.micro RNA 122 D.Cystacin c
56.Suicidal Enzyme is
a) Lipoxygenase
b) Cycloxygenase
c) Thromboxane Synthase
d) 5’Nucleotidase
Cyclooxygenase Is a "Suicide Enzyme"
"Switching off" of prostaglandin activity is partly achieved by a remarkable property of cyclooxygenase—that of self-
catalyzed destruction; ie, it is a "suicide enzyme."
57.Liver enzyme dephosphorylation to phosphorylation true is( Nov 2012)
a) Always activate the enzyme
b) Catecholamines stimulate it
c) More commonly seen in fasting state than in the fed state
d) Always activate by cAMP dependent Protein Kinase
58.Which of the following porpyrias does not present with photosensitivity(may 2012)
a) Urophorphyrin decarboxylase
b) HMB Synthase
c) Protophophrinogen oxidase
d) Coproproporphyrinogen oxidase

59.All are true about oxygenases, except(Nov 2011)

a) Can incorporate 2 atoms of 02 in a substance
b) Can incorporate 1 atom of 02 in a substance
c) Important in hydroxylation of steroids
d) Catalyse carboxylation of drugs
60.True about isoenzymes is:
a) Catalyse the same reaction
b) Same quaternary structure
c) Same distribution in different organs
d) Same enzyme classification with same number and name
61.Increased alanine during prolonged fasting represents:
a) Increased breakdown of muscle proteins
b) Impaired renal function
c) Decreased utilization of amino acid from Gluconeogenesis
d) Leakage of amino acids from cells due to plasma membrane damage
62.In Phenylketonuria the main aim of first line therapy is (Nov 2010)
a) Replacement of the defective enzyme
b) Replacement of the deficient product
c) Limiting the substrate for deficient enzyme
d) Giving the missing amino acid by diet
63.NO is synthesised by(Nov 2010)
a) Uracil
b) Aspartate
c) Guanosine
d) Arginine
64.Protein is purified using ammonium sulphate by
a) Salting out
b) Ion exchange chromatography
c) Mass chromatography
d) Molecular size exclusion
65.A 40 year old woman presents with progressive palmoplantar pigmentation X-ray spine shows calcification of IV
disc.On adding benedicts reagent to urine,it gives greenish brown precipitate and blue-black supernatant fluid. What is
the diagnosis?(Nov 2008)
 a) Phenylketonuria
b) Alkaptonuria
c) Tyrosinemia type2
d) Argininosuccinic aciduria
66.Replacing alanine by which amino acid will increase UV absorbance of protein at 280 nm wavelength(Nov 2008)
a) Leucine
b) Proline
c) Arginine
d) Tryptophan
67.A child with low blood glucose is unable to do glycogenolysis or gluconeogenesis.Which of the following enzyme is
missing in the child? (Nov 2012)
a) Fructokinase
b) Glucokinase
c) Glucose 6 Phosphatase
d) Transketolase
68.The answer should be an enzyme common to Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis.
In fasted state gluconeogenesis is promoted by which enzyme(May 2012)
a)Acetyl CoA induced stimulation of Pyruvate Carboxylase
b)Citrate induced stimulation of Acetyl CoA Decarboxylase
c)Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate induced stimulation of Phosphofructokinase-1
d) Stimulation of Pyruvate kinase by Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase.

GLUCONEOGENESIS
ENZYME INDUCER REPRESSOR ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR
Pyruvate carboxylase Glucocorticoids, Insulin Acetyl CoAQ ADP
Glucagon,
Epinephrine
Phosphoenolpyruvate Glucocorticoids, Insulin
carboxykinase Glucagon,
Epinephrine
Glucose 6-phosphatase Glucocorticoids, Insulin
Glucagon,
Epinephrine
69.During prolonged fasting, rate of gluconeogenesis is determined by:
a) EFA in liver
b) Alanine in liver
c) Decreased c GMP
d) ADP in liver
70.After overnight fasting, levels of glucose transporters reduced in( May 2010)
a) Brain cells
b) RBCs
c) Adipocyte
d) Hepatocyte
In the fasting state, the glucose transporter of muscle and adipose tissue (GLUT-4) is in intracellular vesicles.
As insulin secretion falls in the fasting state, so the receptors are internalized again, reducing glucose uptake.
71.Crumpled tissue paper appearance of cells is seen in deficiency of (May 2013)
a) Glucocerebrosidase
b) Galactocerebrosidase
c) alpha Galactosidase
d) Beta Galactosidase

72.In well fed state, the activity of Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase -1 in outer mitochondrial membrane is inhibited by
(Nov 2011)
a) Glucose
b) Acetyl CoA
c) Malonyl CoA
d) Pyruvate
73.Regarding LDL receptors, all are true except (Nov 2011)
 a) Found in Clathrin coated pits of cell membrane.
b) Found only in extrahepatic tissue.
c) Internalized by endocytosis.
d) High levels of celluar cholesterol down regulate LDL receptors.
LDL Receptor
Function uptake of LDL.
Present in the Liver and extrahepatic tissues(adipose tissue,Heart etc) .
High level of cholesterol upregulate LDL receptor ,causing an increase in the uptake LDL and hence the bad
cholesterol.
Mechanism of uptake is receptor mediated uptake or absorptive pinocytosis.
Vesicles formed during absorptive pinocytosis are derived from invaginations (pits) are coated on the cytoplasmic
side with a filamentous material clathrin, hence the pits are named coated pits.
74.Eukaryotic plasma membrane is made up of all except( May 2009)
a) Carbohydrates
b) Triglycerides
c) Lecithin
d) Cholesterol
75.A patient was diagnosed with isolated increase in LDL .His father and brother had the same disease with increased
cholesterol. The likely diagnosis is(May 2009)
a) Familial type III hyperlipoproteinemia
b) Abetalipoproteinemia
c) Familial LPL deficiency(type1)
d) LDL receptor mutation
76.True about Ribozyme (Nov 2012)
a) Peptidyl Transferase activity
b) Cuts DNA at specific site
c) Participate in DNA Synthesis
d) GTPase activity
Ribozyme is RNA with catalytic activity.
Eg:-Sn RNA in Spliceosome-Takes part in splicing of exons and removal of introns
Ribonuclease P-Cuts the RNA
RNASe H
Peptidyl Tranferase-Peptide Bond formation

77.Test to differentiate in the chromosome of normal and cancer cell ( Nov 2012)
a) PCR
b) Comparative Genomic Hybridisation
c) Western Blotting
d) Southern Blotting
78.Quantitative DNA analysis/estimation is done by( May 2012)
a) pH meter
b) Sphymometer
c) Spirometer
d) Spectrometer
Absorbance of uv light at 260 nm can be used to estimate DNA
Can be done using spectrophotometer or simply spectrometer.
79.There are 20 amino acids with three codons in spite of the no of amino acids could be formed is 64 leading to that an
amino acid is represented by more than one codon is called(May 2012)

a) Transcription
b) Degeneracy
c) Mutation
d) Frame shift
80.All are added to PCR, except (Nov 2012)
a) Deoxynucleotide
b) Dideoxynucleotide
c) Thermostat DNAP
d) Template DNA
Pre requisites of PCR
Sample DNA to be amplified
Deoxy nucleotides.
Thermostable Polymerase-Taq Polymerase obtained from Thermus Aquaticus found in hot springs.
Primer.

81.The polypeptide from poly(A)is ( Nov 2012)

a) Polylysine
b) Polyglycine
c) Polyproline
d) Polyalanine
Poly A codes for Lysine
Poly C codes for Proline
Poly G codes for Glycine
Poly U codes for Phenyl Alanine

82.If constitutive sequence of 4 nucleotide codes for 1 amino acid, how many amino acid can be theoretically formed?(
Nov 2012)
a) 4
b) 64
c) 16
d) 256
83.Starting material for production of insulin from bacteria is: ( May 2011)
a) Genomic DNA of lymphocytes
b) m RNA of lymphocytes
c) genomic DNA of beta cell of pancreas
d) mRNA of beta cells of pancreas
84.Not involved in translation in eukaryotes is: (May 2011)
a) Amino acyl t RNA
b) Peptidyl transferase
c) Ribosome
d) RNA polymerase
85.Apo B48 & Apo B100 is synthesized from the mRNA; the difference between them is due to : (May 2011)
a) RNA splicing
b) Allelic exclusion
c) Deamination of cytidine to uridine
d) Upstream repression

86.Histone acetylation cause (May 2011)

a) Increased Heterochromatin formation
b) Increased Euchromatin formation
c) Methylation of cystine
d) DNA replication

87.Triplet DNA is due to (May 2011)

a) Hoogsteen pairing
b) Palindromic sequences
c) Large no. of guanosine repeats
d) Polypyrimidine tracts

88.After digestion by restriction endonucleases DNA strands can be joined again by (May 2011)(Nov 2010)
a) DNA polymerase
b) DNA ligase
c) DNA topoisomerase
d) DNA gyrase
89.A four – year- old child is diagnosed with Duchene muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disorder, Genetic analysis
shows that the patient’s gene for the muscle protein dystrophin contains a mutation in its promoter region. What would
be the most likely effect of this mutation? (Nov 2010)
a) Tailing of dystrophin mRNA will be defective
b) Capping of dystrophin mRNA will be defective
c) Termination of dystrophin transcription will be deficient.
d) Initiation of dystrophin transcription will be deficient
90.Methods of introducing gene in target cells are all except (Nov 2010)
a) Electroporation
b) Transfection
c) Site directed recombination
d) FISH
91.Splicing activity is a function of ( Nov 2010)
a) mRNA
b) snRNA
c) tRNA
d) rRNA