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    Chapter 03: Host-Microorganism Interactions Test Bank: 1. A. B. C. D. Ans: B

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    This document contains a test bank with multiple choice questions about host-microorganism interactions. It covers topics like zoonotic infections, bacterial colonization, the cells and systems involved in the immune response like phagocytes, lymphocytes, complement system, coagulation system and cytokines. It also addresses stages of infection, types of infections like acute, chronic and nosocomial, and immune mechanisms like antibody-mediated immunity.

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    Chapter 03: Host-Microorganism Interactions Test Bank: 1. A. B. C. D. Ans: B

    Uploaded by

    roe
    63 views7 pages
    This document contains a test bank with multiple choice questions about host-microorganism interactions. It covers topics like zoonotic infections, bacterial colonization, the cells and systems involved in the immune response like phagocytes, lymphocytes, complement system, coagulation system and cytokines. It also addresses stages of infection, types of infections like acute, chronic and nosocomial, and immune mechanisms like antibody-mediated immunity.

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    BIO ch 3

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    c3

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    This document contains a test bank with multiple choice questions about host-microorganism interactions. It covers topics like zoonotic infections, bacterial colonization, the cells and systems involved in the immune response like phagocytes, lymphocytes, complement system, coagulation system and cytokines. It also addresses stages of infection, types of infections like acute, chronic and nosocomial, and immune mechanisms like antibody-mediated immunity.

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    63 views7 pages

    Chapter 03: Host-Microorganism Interactions Test Bank: 1. A. B. C. D. Ans: B

    Uploaded by

    roe
    This document contains a test bank with multiple choice questions about host-microorganism interactions. It covers topics like zoonotic infections, bacterial colonization, the cells and systems involved in the immune response like phagocytes, lymphocytes, complement system, coagulation system and cytokines. It also addresses stages of infection, types of infections like acute, chronic and nosocomial, and immune mechanisms like antibody-mediated immunity.

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    Chapter 03: Host-Microorganism Interactions

    Test Bank

    MULTIPLE CHOICE

    1. A human infection that results from a microorganism that primarily infects animal populations
    is referred to as a(n) _________ infection.
    a. accidental
    b. zoonotic
    c. secondary
    d. vector
    ANS: B
    Some microorganisms primarily infect animal populations but can occasionally infect humans
    in what is called a zoonotic infection.

    REF: 24 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    2. The persistent survival of microorganisms on a surface of the human body is called a(n):
    a. infection.
    b. colonization.
    c. nosocomial infection.
    d. reservoir.
    ANS: B
    Microorganisms are everywhere in nature, including on and in the human body. Sometimes
    they do not cause disease but instead coexist with the host.

    REF: 25 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    3. Cells that ingest and destroy bacteria and other foreign particles are called:
    a. phagocytes.
    b. lymphocytes.
    c. goblet cells.
    d. ciliated cells.
    ANS: A
    Phagocytes are cells that ingest and destroy invading bacteria when they enter the human
    body.

    REF: 28 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    4. Cells with a short life span that circulate in blood and tissues and are usually the first cells on
    the scene of a bacterial invasion are called:
    a. monocytes.
    b. polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
    c. lymphocytes.
    d. macrophages.
    ANS: B
    All the cells listed are involved in the body’s cellular responses to foreign particles, but
    neutrophils are short-lived cells that circulate in blood and tissues.

    REF: 28 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    5. Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all manifestations of:


    a. nosocomial infection.
    b. inflammation.
    c. bacterial colonization.
    d. coagulation.
    ANS: B
    Inflammation is a system that has both cellular and biochemical components that interact in
    various ways to fight microbial invasion in the human body.

    REF: 29–30 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    6. The complement system serves to:


    a. increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the
    infection through the production of barrier substances.
    b. attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
    c. provide substances secreted by one type of cell, which have substantial effects on
    the antiinfective activities of other cells.
    d. ingest and destroy microorganisms.
    ANS: B
    Because neutrophils and macrophages are widely dispersed throughout the body, the
    complement system sends signals to attract and concentrate these cells at the point of
    invasion.

    REF: 29 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    7. The coagulation system serves to:


    a. increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the
    infection through the production of barrier substances.
    b. attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
    c. provide substances secreted by one type of cell, which have substantial effects on
    the antiinfective activities of other cells.
    d. ingest and destroy microorganisms.
    ANS: A
    The coagulation system increases blood flow and walls off the infection. It accomplishes this
    through the production of barrier substances.

    REF: 29 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    8. Biochemicals known as cytokines serve to:


    a. increase blood flow to the area of infection and can also effectively wall off the
    infection through the production of barrier substances.
    b. attract and enhance the activities of phagocytes.
    c. have substantial effects on the activities of other cells.
    d. directly kill gram-negative bacteria.
    ANS: C
    A key component of inflammation is the group of cytokines that are substances secreted by
    macrophages and other cells that enhance the antiinfective activities of other cells.

    REF: 29 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    9. Specific proteins produced by cells of the immune system in response to the presence of
    foreign molecules that circulate in the serum and are present in secretions such as saliva are
    called:
    a. antigens.
    b. immunoglobulins.
    c. cytokines.
    d. phagogens.
    ANS: B
    Produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of foreign molecules,
    immunoglobulins (antibodies) are present in serum and in secretions such as saliva and are the
    central molecule of the immune response.

    REF: 30 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    10. The antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body surfaces
    lined with mucous membranes is:
    a. immunoglobulin (Ig) G.
    b. IgA.
    c. IgM.
    d. IgE.
    ANS: B
    Each of the five different classes of antibodies has its distinctive molecular configuration and
    is involved in the immune reaction in a different way. IgA is secreted in body fluids and
    primarily protects those body surfaces lined with mucous membranes.

    REF: 30 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    11. Which stage of infection is characterized by host deterioration and possibly death?
    a. Prodromal
    b. Clinical
    c. Decline
    d. Convalescent
    ANS: C REF: 36 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    12. Which immune system cells primarily function as antibody producers and originate from stem
    cells?
    a. B lymphocytes
    b. T lymphocytes
    c. Natural killer cells
    d. Neutrophils
    ANS: A
    Produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of foreign molecules,
    immunoglobulins (antibodies) are present in serum and in secretions such as saliva and are the
    central molecule of the immune response.

    REF: 30 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    13. Which immune system cells destroy infected or malignant host cells?
    a. B lymphocytes
    b. T lymphocytes
    c. Natural killer cells
    d. Neutrophils
    ANS: C
    Natural killer cells are an important cellular component of the immune response that serve to
    destroy infected or malignant host cells.

    REF: 30 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    14. Infectious processes that quickly develop are referred to as _________ infections.
    a. chronic
    b. latent
    c. acute
    d. nosocomial
    ANS: C
    Depending on the host and microbial factors, infections may develop quickly (acute) or
    slowly (chronic).

    REF: 35 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    15. Infectious processes that develop and slowly progress are known as _________ infections.
    a. chronic
    b. latent
    c. acute
    d. nosocomial
    ANS: A
    Depending on the host and microbial factors, infections may develop quickly (acute) or
    slowly (chronic).

    REF: 35 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    16. Proper hand-washing and hygiene procedures by hospital staff are essential in preventing
    which types of infections?
    a.Chronic
    b.Latent
    c.Acute
    d.Nosocomial
    ANS: D
    Nosocomial infections are those that are contracted in the hospital environment, sometimes
    being transmitted by the contact of hospital personnel such as the nursing staff.
    REF: 23 OBJ: Level: Application

    17. Which one of the following statements is true regarding endotoxins?


    a. They are produced and released by living bacteria.
    b. They are associated with gram-positive bacteria.
    c. They interrupt protein synthesis.
    d. They are released upon cell death.
    ANS: D
    Endotoxins are found within gram-negative bacteria and are released only upon cell lysis and
    death.

    REF: 34 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    18. A bacterium that normally colonizes the skin gains access through a laceration and causes
    infection. This type of infection is classified as:
    a. nosocomial.
    b. opportunistic.
    c. nonpathogenic.
    d. immunogenic.
    ANS: B
    Although bacteria colonize the skin and are nonpathogenic to the host, they have the ability to
    cause infection if given the opportunity to penetrate the skin barrier and enter the host’s
    system.

    REF: 33 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    19. An example of antibody-mediated immunity is:


    a. phagocytosis.
    b. macrophage release.
    c. T-cell activation.
    d. B-cell activation.
    ANS: D
    Antibodies are produced by plasma cells that are produced by B cells; therefore, antibody-
    mediated immunity is observed in B-cell activation.

    REF: 31 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    20. Latent infections are those that:


    a. develop and progress slowly.
    b. develop quickly and end soon.
    c. exist as a silent phase in which the agent is causing no notable effect.
    d. develop quickly but last long.
    ANS: C
    Some pathogens, particularly viruses, lie dormant in the body for a time before suddenly
    becoming active again.

    REF: 35 OBJ: Level: Knowledge


    21. Pathogens are able to produce enzymes that directly destroy or inactivate antibodies. These
    enzymes are referred to as:
    a. proteases.
    b. nucleases.
    c. collagenases.
    d. polymerases.
    ANS: A
    Antibodies are classified as proteins, and proteases are enzymes that break down proteins.

    REF: 34 OBJ: Level: Application

    22. Botulism and tetanus have the ability to interfere with neuromuscular functions. The toxins
    they produce are classified as:
    a. endotoxins.
    b. enterotoxins.
    c. exotoxins.
    d. emetic toxins.
    ANS: C
    Botulism and tetanus cause a disruption in neuromuscular function by secreting exotoxins into
    the surrounding environment.

    REF: 34 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    23. IgG is the:


    a. first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
    b. antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
    c. antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body
    surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
    d. second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially
    encountered and the most abundant.
    ANS: D
    Each of the five different classes of antibodies has its distinctive molecular configuration and
    is involved in the immune reaction in a different way. IgG is the most abundant and is the
    second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.

    REF: 30 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    24. IgM is the:


    a. first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
    b. antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
    c. antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body
    surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
    d. second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially
    encountered and the most abundant.
    ANS: A
    Each of the five different classes of antibodies has its distinctive molecular configuration and
    is involved in the immune reaction in a different way. IgM is the first antibody produced when
    an invading microorganism is initially encountered.

    REF: 30 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

    25. IgE is the:


    a. first antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially encountered.
    b. antibody that is associated with various parasitic infections.
    c. antibody that is secreted in various body fluids and primarily protects those body
    surfaces lined with mucous membranes.
    d. second antibody produced when an invading microorganism is initially
    encountered and the most abundant.
    ANS: B
    Each of the five different classes of antibodies has its distinctive molecular configuration and
    is involved in the immune reaction in a different way. IgE is usually elevated in a parasitic
    infection.

    REF: 30 OBJ: Level: Knowledge

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