INTRODUCTION OF
SQL
What is SQL?
SQL stands for Structured Query Language
SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
SQL became a standard of the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987
What Can SQL do?
SQL can execute queries against a database
SQL can retrieve data from a database
SQL can insert records in a database
SQL can update records in a database
SQL can delete records from a database
SQL can create new databases
SQL can create new tables in a database
SQL can create stored procedures in a database
SQL can create views in a database
SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views
SQL is a Standard - BUT....
Although SQL is an ANSI/ISO standard, there are different
versions of the SQL language.
However, to be compliant with the ANSI standard, they all
support at least the major commands (such as SELECT, UPDATE,
DELETE, INSERT, WHERE) in a similar manner.
RDBMS
RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
RDBMS is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems
such as MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft
Access.
The data in RDBMS is stored in database objects called tables. A
table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of
columns and rows.
SQL STATEMENT
DDL DML
DDL: - DDL refers to "Data Definition Language", a subset of SQL
statements that change the structure of the database schema in some way,
typically by creating, deleting, or modifying schema objects such as
databases, tables, and views. Most Impala DDL statements start with the
keywords CREATE, DROP, or ALTER.
DDL
CREATE ALTER
DROP
CREATE TABLE :- The CREATE TABLE command creates a new table
in the database.
CREATE TABLE SYNTAX
Create table table_name (column_name1, column_name2 ,…);
EXAMPLE OF CREATE TABLE :-
CREATE TABLE STUDENT (NAME varchar(20),ROLL_NO int ,student_ID
varchar(20),CLASS varchar(20),FATHER_NAME varchar(20),PH_NO int);
DROP TABLE:- The DROP TABLE statement is used to drop an existing
table in a database.
DROP TABLE SYNTAX
Alter table table_name
Drop column_name;
EXAMPLE OF DROP TABLE :- ALTER TABLE student
DROP section;
ALTER TABLE :- The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, delete,
or modify columns in an existing table.
The ALTER TABLE statement is also used to add and drop various
constraints on an existing table.
ALTER TABLE SYNTAX
Alter table table_name add (column_name);
EXAMPLE OF ALTER TABLE:- ALTER TABLE student ADD
(section char(10));
DML: - DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. The SQL
statements that are in the DML class are INSERT, UPDATE , SELECT and
DELETE. ... Data Definition Languages (DDL) is used to define the
database structure. Any CREATE, DROP and ALTER commands are
examples of DDL SQL statements.
DML
INSERT DELETE
UPDATE SELECT
INSERT TABLE :- It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in
two ways.
The first way specifies both the column names and the values to be
inserted.
INSERT TABLE SYNTAX
Insert into table_name values (value1,value2….);
EXAMPLE OF INSERT TABLE :-
INSERT INTO STUDENT
VALUES (“Sarita”,19367,1102,”second_year”,”mr_Tekram”,12345);
UPDATE TABLE :- The UPDATE statement is used to modify the
existing records in a table.
UPDATE TABLE SYNTAX
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;
EXAMPLE OF INSERT TABLE :- UPDATE Student
SET Section = “A”, WHERE ROLL_NO=19368;
SELECT TABLE:- The SELECT statement is used to select data from a
database.
The data returned is stored in a result table, called the result-set.
SELECT TABLE SYNTAX
SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name;
EXAMPLE OF SELECT TABLE :- SELECT name
FROM Student ;
DELETE TABLE:- The DELETE statement is used to delete existing
records in a table.
DELETE TABLE SYNTAX
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
EXAMPLE OF DELETE TABLE :-
DELETE FROM Student WHERE name='Sheetal';
