P-RMO

2019

NATIONAL BOARD FOR HIGHER MATHEMATICS

AND
HOMI BHABHA CENTRE FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION
TATA INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

Pre-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD, 2019

TEST PAPER WITH SOLUTION

& ANSWER KEY
Date: 11th August, 2019 | Duration: 3 Hours
 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019

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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019
INSTRUCTION
Number of Questions: 30 Max. Marks: 102
1. Use of mobile phones, smartphones, ipads, calculators, programmable wrist watches is
STRICTLY PROHIBITED. Only ordinary pens and pencils are allowed inside the
examination hall.
2. The cirrection is done by machine through scanning. On OMR sheet, darken bubbles
completely with a black pencil or a black blue pen. Darken the bubbles completely only
after you are sure of your answer : else, erasing lead to the OMR sheet getting damaged
and the machine may not be able to read the answer.
3. The name , email addredd.a and date of birth entered on the OMR sheet will be your login
credentials for accessing your PROME score.
4. Incomplete /incorrectly and craelessly filled information may disqualify your candidature.
5. Each quaestion has a one or two digit number as answer. The first diagram below shows
improper and proper way of darkening the bubble with detailed instructions. The second
diagram shows how to mark a 2-digit number and a 1-digit number.

6. The answer you write on OMR sheet is irrelevant. The darken bubble will be considered as
your final answer.
7. Questions 1 to 6 carry 2 marks each : Questions 7 to 21 carry 3 marks each : Questions
22 to 30 carry 5 marks each.
8. All questions are compulsory.
9. There are no negative marks.
10. Do all rough work in the space provided below for it. You also have pages at the end of the
question paper to continue with rough work.
11. After the exam, you may take away the Candidate’s copy of the OMR sheet.
12. Preserve your copy of OMR sheet till the end of current olympiad season. You will need it
further for verification purposes.
13. You may take away the question paper after the examination.

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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019

1. From a square with sides of length 5, triangular pieces from the four corners are removed to form a
regular octagon. Find the area removed to the nearest integer?
,d oxZ ftldh Hkqtkvksa dh yEckbZ 5 gS] mlds pkjkas dksuksa ls f=kHkqtkdkj VqdM+s dkV dj ,d fu;fer v"VHkqt
cuk;k tkrk gSA fdruk {ks=kQy gVk;k x;k gS] mldk eku lcls djhch iw.kkZad rd Kkr djksA
Sol. (4)
x 5 – 2x x
x x
2x

x x

x x
5
5 – 2x = 2x x
2 2
2  25
 
2
Area removed gVk;k x;k {ks=kQy = 2x 2   25 2  1  4.3
2  2 1 
So area removed to nearest integer is 4
gVk;k x;k {ks=kQy ds lcls djhch iw.kkZad 4 gSA

2. Let f(x) = x2 + ax + b. If for all nonzero real x

 1  1
f  x   = f(x) + f  
 x x
and the roots of f(x) = 0 are integers, what is the value of a2 + b2?
eku yks fd f(x) = x2 + ax + b gSA ;fn lHkh v'kwU; okLrfod la[;k x ds fy,
 1  1
f  x   = f(x) + f  
 x x
vkSj f(x) = 0 ds lHkh gy iw.kkZad gS] rks a2 + b2 dk eku D;k gS\

Sol. (13)
 1  1
f  x    f  x  f  
 x x
2
 1  1 1 a
  x    a  x    b  x 2  ax  b  2   b
 x  x x x
b=2
  = 2  (,) = (1,2) or ;k (–1, –2)
 a = 3 or ;k –3  a2 + b2 = 9 + 4 = 13

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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019

3. Let x1 be a positive real number and for every integer n  1 let xn+1 = 1 + x1x2……xn–1xn. If x5 = 43,
what is the sum of digits of the largest prime factor of x 6?
eku yks fd x1 ,d /kukRed okLrfod la[;k gS vkSj lHkh n  1 iw.kkZadksa ds fy, xn+1 = 1 + x1x2……xn–1xn gSA
vxj x5 = 43 rks x6 ds lcls cM+s vHkkT; xq.ku[kaM ds vadksa (digits) dk ;ksx Kkr djksA

Sol. (13)
x5 = 1 + x1 x2 x3 x4  x1 x2 x3 x4 = 42
x6 = 1 + x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 = 1+(42) (43) = 1807 = 13 × 139
 largest prime factor lcls cM+k vHkkT; xq.ku[kaM = 139  sum of digits vadksa dk ;ksx = 13

4. An ant leaves the anthill for its morning exercise. It walks 4 feet east and then makes a 160° turn
to the right and walks 4 more feet. It then makes another 160° turn to the right and walks 4 more
feet. If the ant continues this pattern until it reaches the anthill again, what is the distance in feet it
would have walked?
,d phaVh viuh ckach ls lqcg ds O;k;ke ds fy, fudyrh gSA og 4 QqV iwjc dh vksj pyrh gS] fQj 160° nk,¡
vksj eqM+ dj 4 QqV vkSj pyrh gSA fQj og ,d ckj vkSj 160° nk,¡ vksj eqM+ dj 4 QqV pyrh gSA vxj phaVh
blh Øe esa pyrh jgrh rks okfil viuh ckach rd igqapus esa mlus dqy fdruh nwjh (QqV esa) pyh gksrh\

Sol. (36)

A3

A0 A1
20º
20º

A2
A4
Let A0 (0,0)
A1 (4cos0, 4sin0)
A2 (4cos0 + 4cos160, 4sin0 + 4sin160)
An = (0,0)
 4(cos0 + cos160 + ….. +cos160(n-1)) = 0 and 4(sin0 + sin160 + ….. +sin160(n-1)) = 0
 sin(80n) = 0
n=9
 distance covered = 4 × 9 = 36 feet

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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019

5. Five persons wearing badges with numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are seated on 5 chairs around a circular
table. In how many ways can they be seated so that no two persons whose badges have
consecutive numbers are seated next to each other? (Two arrangements obtained by rotation
around the table are considered different.)
ik¡p fcYys] ftu ij 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 fy[kk gS] igus gq, ik¡p yksx ,d xksy est ds pkjksa rjQ ik¡p dq flZ;ksa ij cSBs
gSA og ,slh fdruh rjg ls cSB ldrs gS] ftlls fd dksbZ Hkh nks yksx ftuds fcYys ij fy[kh la[;k,¡ Øekxr
gksa] og vxy&cxy uk cSaBs gksa\ (,d cSBus dk rjhdk tks fdlh nwljs rjhds dks ?kqek nsus ls feyrk gks] mls
nwljs rjhds ls fHkUu ekuk tk,xkA)
Sol. (10)
1 1
3 4 4 3

5 2 2 5
two ways and 5 arrangements = 2 × 5 = 10
nks rjhds o ikWap dzep; = 2 × 5 = 10

6. Let abc be a three digit number with nonzero digits such that a2 + b2 = c2. What is the largest
possible prime factor of abc ?
eku yks fd abc rhu vadksa dh ,slh la[;k gS] ftlds vad v'kwU; gSa o a2 + b2 = c2 gSA abc dk lcls cM+k
vHkkT; xq.ku[k.M D;k laHko gS\

Sol. (29)
a,b,c form Pythagoras triplet
 abc = 345 or 435
345 = 3 × 5 × 23 and 435 = 5 × 3 × 29
 Largest possible prime factor = 29
a,b,c ikbFkkxksjl f=kd cukrs gSa
 abc = 345 or 435
345 = 3 × 5 × 23 vkSj 435 = 5 × 3 × 29
 vf/kdre laHkkfor vHkkT; xq.ku[k.M+ = 29

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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019

7. On a clock, there are two instants between 12 noon and 1 PM, when the hour hand and the minute
b
hand are at right angles. The difference in minutes between these two instants is written as a + ,
c
where a, b, c are positive integers, with b < c and b/c in the reduced from. What is the value of a +
b + c?
,d ?kM+h esa nksigj 12 cts vkSj nksigj 1 cts ds chp esa nks ckj ,slk gksrk gS tc ?kaVs dh lwbZ vkSj feuV dh
b
lwbZ ,d nwljs ds yEc gksrh gSA bu nks le; ds chp esa feuVksa esa varj a + dh rjg fy[ksa] tgk¡ a, b, c
c
/kukRed iw.kkZad gSa] b < c o b/c fHkUu dk U;wure :Ik (reduced from ;k simplest form) gSA a + b + c dk
eku D;k gS\

Sol. (51)
1
Minute hand covers 6º in one minute and hour hand covers ° in one minute
2
Let instant is x minutes past 12
x 4 1
 6x   90 or 270  x = 16 or 49
2 11 11
8
Difference = 32  a + b + c = 32 + 8 + 11 = 51
11
1
feuV dh lqbZ ,d feuV esa 6º cukrh gS rFkk ?kaVs dh lqbZ ,d feuV esa ° dks.k cukrh gSA
2
ekuk x ml {k.k 12 vkxs gS
x 4 1
 6x   90 or 270  x = 16 or 49
2 11 11
8
vUrj = 32  a + b + c = 32 + 8 + 11 = 51
11
n
8. How many positive integers n are there such that 3  n  100 and x 2 + x + 1 is divisible by x 2 + x
+1?
n
,sls fdrus /kukRed iw.kkZad n gSa ftuds fy, 3  n  100 o x 2 + x + 1 la[;k x2 + x + 1 ls HkkT; gS\
Sol. (49)
n
Since  and 2 are factors of x2 + x + 1 ; so  and 2 will be factors of x 2  x  1
 2n must be of the form 3k + 2 ; k  I. For this to happen, n must be odd.
So n = {3,5,7, …… 99}
Number of such numbers = 49
n
pwafd  rFkk 2 , x2 + x + 1 ds xq.ku[k.M gS ; blfy,  vkSj 2 , x 2  x  1 ds Hkh xq.ku[k.M gksxs
 2n dk :i 3k + 2 ; k  I gksxk. blds fy, n fo"ke gksxk
blfy, n = {3,5,7, …… 99}
bl izdkj la[;kvks dh l[;k,sa = 49

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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019

9. Let the rational number p/q be closest to but not equal to 22/7 among all rational numbers with
denominator < 100. What is the value of p – 3q?
eku yks fd p/q ,slk fHkUu gS tks ,sls fHkUu ftudk gj (denominator) < 100 gks vkSj tks 22/7 ls vyx gksa]
muesa 22/7 ds lcls djhc iM+rk gSA rks p – 3q dk eku D;k gksxk\

Sol. (14)
22 p
We have to have  to be as small as possible for q < 100.
7 q

22 p 22q  7p
 
7 q 7q should be smallest.
 |22q – 7p| = 1
and q = 99
 p = 311
p - 3q = 311 – 3 × 99 = 311 – 297 = 14
22 p
;gk¡  NksVs ls NksVk lEHko gksxk q < 100 ds fy,
7 q

22 p 22q  7p
 
7 q 7q
U;wure gksxk
 |22q – 7p| = 1
vkSj q = 99
 p = 311
p - 3q = 311 – 3 × 99 = 311 – 297 = 14

10. Let ABC be a triangle and let  be its circumcircle. The internal bisectors of angles A, B and C
intersect  at A1, B1 and C1 respectively and the internal bisectors of angles A1, B1 and C1 of the
triangle A1B1C1 intersect  at A2, B2 and C2, respectively. If the smallest angle of triangle ABC is
40°, what is the magnitude of the smallest angle of triangle A2B2C2 in degrees?
eku yks fd ABC ,d f=kHkqt gS vkSj mldk cfgo`Ùk gSA dks.k A, B o C ds vUr%lef}Hkktd ls Øe'k% A1,
B1 o C1 esa feyrs gSa vkSj f=kHkqt A1B1C1 ds dks.k A1, B1 o C1 ds vUr%lef}Hkktd ls Øe'k% A2, B2 o C2,
ls feyrs gSA vxj f=kHkqt ABC dk lcls NksVk dks.k 40° gS rks f=kHkqt A2B2C2 ds lcls NksVs dks.k dk eku
(degree) esa D;k gksxk?

Sol. (55)
 ABC
A1B1C1  
2 2
 ACB
A1C1B1  
2 2
 BAC
B1A1C1  
2 2

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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019
  ABC 

 2 
 A 2B 2 C 2   
2 
2 2
 ABC
= 
4 4
 ACB
similarly blh izdkj A 2 C2B2  
4 4
 BAC
and vkSj B2 A 2 C2  
4 4
 40º 
 smaller angle of A2 B2 C2 is 45º +    55º
 4 
 40º 
 A2 B2 C2 dk lcls NksVk dks.k 45º +    55º
 4 

11. How many distinct triangles ABC are there, up to similarity, such that the magnitudes of angles A,
B and C in degrees are positive integers and satisfy
cos A cos B + sin A sin B sin kC = 1
for some positive integer k, where kC does not exceed 360°?
,sls fdrus vyx&vyx (eryc vle:i) f=kHkqt ABC gSa ftuesa dks.k A, B o C dk fMxzh esa eku /kukRed
iw.kkZad gS] vkSj tks
cos A cos B + sin A sin B sin kC = 1
lehdj.k dks fdlh /kukRed iw.kkZad k ds fy, larq"V djrs gSa kC dk eku 360° ls T;knk ugha gS ?

Sol. (6)
cosA cosB + sinA sinB sinkC = 1
 cos A cos B + sinA sinB + sinA sinB sinkC – sinAsinB = 1
 sinAsinB (sinkC –1) = 1 – cos (A – B)
So (sinkC – 1) = 0 and cos (A –B) = 1
 kC = 90º and A = B
Number of factors of 90º
90 = 2 × 32 × 5
Number of factors = 2 × 3 × 2 = 12
for 6 factor A,B are integers

cosA cosB + sinA sinB sinkC = 1

 cos A cos B + sinA sinB + sinA sinB sinkC – sinAsinB = 1
 sinAsinB (sinkC –1) = 1 – cos (A – B)
blfy, (sinkC – 1) = 0 vkSj cos (A –B) = 1
 kC = 90º vkSj A = B
90º ds xq.ku[k.Mksa dh la[;k
90 = 2 × 32 × 5
xq.ku[kM+ksa dh la[;k = 2 × 3 × 2 = 12
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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019

12. A natural number k > 1 is called good if there exist natural numbers
a1 < a2 < ………. < ak
such that
1 1 1
  ......  1
a1 a2 ak
Let f(n) be the sum of the first n good numbers, n  1. Find the sum of all values of n for which
f(n + 5)/f(n) is an integer.
fdlh izkd`frd la[;k k > 1 dks ge vPNk dgsaxs vxj ,slh izkd`frd la[;k,Wa
a1 < a2 < ………. < ak
ekStwn gksa ftlls fd
1 1 1
  ......  1
a1 a2 ak
gksA eku yks fd n  1 ds fy, f(n) igyh n vPNh la[;kvksa dk ;ksx gSA ,slh lHkh la[;kvksa
n dk ;ksx Kkr djks ftuds fy, f(n + 5)/f(n) ,d iw.kkZad gSA
Ans (18)
Sol.
Let a1 = A12 ,a2 = A 22..............a k = A k2
we have to check if it is possible for distinct natural number A1, A2………….Ak to satisfy,
1 1 1
+ + ........ =1
A1 A 2 Ak
1 1
For k = 2; it is obvious that there do not exist distinct A 1, A2, such that +  1  2 is not a
A1 A 2
good number.
1 1 1
For k = 3; we have + + = 1  3 is a good number.
2 3 6
1 1 1 1 1
      1  4 is a good number.
2 22 3 6
k will be a good numbers for all k  3
n(n + 5) (n + 5)(n +10)
f(n) = 3 + 4 +… n terms = ; f(n + 5) =
2 2
f(n + 5) n + 10 10
= =1+
f(n) n n
Which will be integer for n = 1, 2, 5 and 10
sum = 1 + 2 + 5 + 10 = 18.

ekuk a1 = A12 ,a2 = A22 ..............ak = A2k

;g tk¡p djuk gS fd ;g fHkUu izkd`r la[;kvksa A1, A2………….Ak ds fy, larq"B djsxk
1 1 1
+ + ........ =1
A1 A 2 Ak

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 PRE-REGIONAL MATHEMATICAL OLYMPIAD – 2019 | 11-08-2019
1 1
k = 2 ds fy, ;g Li"B gS fd ;g A1, A2 fHkUu la[;kvks ds fy, fo|eku ugha gS + 1 2 vPNh
A1 A 2
la[;k ugha gSA
1 1 1
k = 3 ds fy, + + = 1  3 vPNh la[;k gS
2 3 6
1 1 1 1 1
      1  4 vPNh la[;k gSA
2 22 3 6

n(n + 5) (n + 5)(n +10)

f(n) = ; f(n + 5) =
2 2
f(n + 5) n + 10 10
= =1+
f(n) n n
tks fd n = 1, 2, 5 vkSj 10 ds fy, iw.kkZd gS
;ksxQy = 1 + 2 + 5 + 10 = 18.

13. Each of the numbers x1, x2,……….x101 is ±1. What is the smallest positive value of  xi x j ?
1 i  j 101

x1, x2,……….x101 esa gj ,d la[;k ±1 gSA  xi x j dk U;wure /kukRed eku D;k gS ?

1 i  j 101
Sol. (10)
Let S  
1 i  j  10
xi x j

We have
 x1  x2  x3  .......x101 
2
 x12  x 22  x 32  ........  x101
2
 2S
2
 101  101
 2S    xi    xi2
 i1  i 1

Since we have xi = ± 1, So x i2  1
2
 101 
So 2S =   xi   101
 i1 
101
Since x
i 1
i
will be an integer

2
 101 
So   x i  will be a perfect square.
 i1 
2
 101 
For smallest positive S ;   x i  must be the smallest perfect square greater than 101.
 i1 
2
 101 
So   x i  = 121
 i1 
101
 x
i 1
i = 11 or –11

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We can verify that the desired sum can be achieved by putting 45 x i’s to be –1 and 56 xi’s to be 1
So, 2S = 121 – 101 = 20
 S = 10

ekuk S  
1 i  j  10
xi x j

;gk¡
 x1  x2  x3  .......x101 
2
 x12  x 22  x 32  ........  x101
2
 2S
2
 101  101
 2S    xi    xi2
 i1  i 1

pwafd xi = ± 1, blfy, x i2  1
2
 101 
blfy, 2S =   xi   101
 i 1 
101
pwafd x
i 1
i
iw.kkZd gksxk
2
 101 
blfy,   xi  iw.kZ oxZ gksxk
 i1 
2
 101 
U;wure /kukRed S ds fy, ;   xi  , 101 ls cM+h lcls NksVh iw.kZ oxZ la[;k gksxh
 i 1 
2
 101 
blfy,   xi  = 121
 i 1 
101
 x
i 1
i
= 11 or –11

;g vlkuh ls Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gS vHkh"B ;ksxQy dks 45 xi’s, –1 gks vkSj 56 xi’s , 1 gks
blfy,, 2S = 121 – 101 = 20
 S = 10

14. Find the smallest positive integer n  10 such that n + 6 is a prime and 9n + 7 is a perfect square.
,slk lcls NksVk /kukRed iw.kkZad n  10 Kkr djks tgkWa n + 6 vHkkT; gks vkSj 9n + 7 ,d iw.kZ oxZ gksA
Sol. (53)
Since 9n + 7 is a perfect square
Let us assume that 9n + 7 = m 2
Also n + 6 is a prime number  n + 6 must be odd number
 n also must be an odd number
So Let us assume n = 2 k + 1 ….(ii) where k is an Integer
9(2 k + 1) + 7 = m2
 18 k = m2 – 16
 18 k = (m + 4) (m – 4) …..(iii)

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Since 18k is even and m+4 and m–4 both are of some parity  m must also be even.
say m = 2p, where p is an Integer
Substituting in (iii)
18k = (2p + 4) (2p – 4) = 4(p + 2) (p – 2)
 9k = 2(p + 2) (p – 2)
 k must be even, say k = 2where  is an Integer
18 = 2(p + 2) (p – 2)
 9 = (p + 2) (p – 2)
 p must be of the form 9q + 2 or 9q – 2, where q is an Integer
First take p = 9q – 2  m = 2(9q – 2)
Take q = 1, m = 2 × 7 = 14  m2 = 196
9n + 7 = 196  9n = 189  n = 21
 n + 6 = 27 which is not prime
Next take p = 9q + 2  m = 2(9q + 2)
Take q = 1  m = 2 × 11 = 22  m2 = 484
9n + 7 = 484  9n = 477  n = 53
 n + 6 = 59 which is a prime
So n = 53 is the smallest such number

pwafd 9n + 7 ,d iw.kZ oxZ gS

ekuk fd 9n + 7 = m2 ……(i) tgka m ,d iw.kkZd gS rFkk
n + 6 ,d vHkkT; l[;k gS /kukRed iw.kkZd  10 ds fy,  n + 6 fo"ke la[;k gksxh
 n Hkh fo"ke la[;k gksxh
blfy, ekuk fd n = 2k + 1 ….(ii) tgka k ,d iw.kkZd gS
2
9(2k + 1) + 7 = m
 18k = m2 – 16
 18k = (m + 4) (m – 4) …..(iii)
pwafd 18k le gS rFkk m+4 vkSj m–4 nksuksa ,d gh izdkj ds gS  m le gksxk
ekuk fd m = 2p, tgka p ,d iw.kkZd gS
(iii) esa j[kus ij
18k = (2p + 4) (2p – 4) = 4(p + 2) (p – 2)
 9k = 2(p + 2) (p – 2)
 k le gksxk ekuk fd k = 2tgka iw.kkZd gS
18 = 2(p + 2) (p – 2)
 9 = (p + 2) (p – 2)
 p dk :i 9q + 2 ;k 9q – 2 ds :i esa gksxk , tgka q ,d iw.kkZd gS
igys p = 9q – 2 ysus ij  m = 2p = 2(9q – 2)
q = 1 ysus ij, m = 2 × 7 = 14  m2 = 196

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9n + 7 = 196  9n = 189  n = 21
 n + 6 = 27 tks fd vHkkT; ugha gS
vc p = 9q + 2 ysus ij  m = 2p = 2(9q + 2)
q = 1 ysus ij  m = 2 × 11 = 22  m2 = 484
9n + 7 = 484  9n = 477  n = 53
 n + 6 = 59 tks fd vHkkT; gS
blfy, n = 53 lcls NksVh bl izdkj dh la[;k gS

15. In how many ways can a pair of parallel diagonals of a regular polygon of 10 sides be selected
fu;fer nlHkqt ds fod.kksZa ds ,sls fdrus tksM+s pqus tk ldrs gSa ftlesa fd nksuksa fod.kZ lekukarj gksa \
Sol. (45)
If we take gap of 2 sides then from figure shown we have 4 C2 ways
We can start with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 so 5  4 C2  5  6 = 30 ways

2 1

3 10

4 9

5 8

6 7
Now take 1 with 4 (gap of 3 sides) then we have 3 diagonals which are 14, 510, 69 so we have
3
C2 ways
We can start with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 so 5  3 C2  5  3 = 15 ways

16. A pen costs Rs. 13 and a note book costs Rs. 17. A school spends exactly Rs. 10000 in the year
2017-18 to buy x pens and y note books such that x and y are as close as possible (i.e. |x – y| is
minimum). Next year, in 2018-19, the school spends a little more than Rs. 10000 and buys y pens
and x note books. How much more did the school pay ?
,d isu dk ewY; :- 13 gS o ,d dkih dk ewY; :- 17 gSA ,d Ldwy 2017-18 esa x isu vkSj y dkfi;kWa
[kjhnus esa Bhd :- 10000 [kpZ djrk gS] ,sls fd x o y ftruk gks ldsa mruk djhc gksa ¼ekus fd |x – y|
U;wure gks½ vxys lky] 2018-19 esa] Ldwy :- 10000 ls FkksMk T;knk [kpZ djrk gS] vkSj y isu o x dkfi;kWa
[kjhnrk gSA Ldwy us fdruk T;knk [kpZ fd;k ?
Ans (40)
Sol. 13x + 17y = 10000
17x + 13y = 10000 + a

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y–x=0
 10000 
 0, 17  B  1000 1000 
 
P  3 , 3 

O A  10000 
 13 ,0 
 

10000 – 17y
x=
13
y = 329
x = 339
 10040

17. Find the number of ordered triples (a,b,c) of positive integers such that 30a + 50b + 70c  343.
/kukRed iw.kkZadksa ds ,sls fdrus dzeokj leqPp; (a,b,c) gSa ftuds fy, 30a + 50b + 70c  343 gSaA
Ans (30)
Sol. 30a + 50b + 70c  343
 3a + 5b + 7c  34.3
 3a + 5b + 7c  34
a, b, c  N , a=1+p, b=1+q, c=1+r
3p + 5q + 7r  19
If r = 0,
q = 0  p can take 7 values
q = 1  p can take 5 values
q = 2  p can take 4 values
q = 3  p can take 2 values
 18 values
If r = 1 then 3p + 5q  12
q = 0  p can take 5 values
q = 1  p can take 3 values
q = 2  p can take 1 values
 9 values
If r = 2 then 3p + 5q  5
q = 0  p can take 2 values
q = 1  p can take 1 value
 3 values
Total 18 + 9 + 3 = 30 values

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18. How many ordered pairs (a, b) of positive integers with a < b and 100  a,b  1000 satisfy gcd
(a,b) : lcm (a,b) = 1 : 495 ? .
/kukRed iw.kkZdksa ds ,sls fdrus dzeokj tksM+s (a, b) gSa tgkWa a < b o 100  a,b  1000 vkSj ftuds fy, gcd
(a,b) : lcm (a,b) = 1 : 495 ? (;gkWa gcd = egÙke lekiorZd : lcm = y-l- y?kqÙke lekiorZ;) .
Sol. (20)
ab = (gcd)2.32.5.11
 a  b  2
    3 .5.11
 gcd  gcd 
 a   b 
   
 gcd   gcd  gcd
32 5.11 12,13,….18 (100  a,b  1000)
5 32.11 no value (100  a,b  1000)
11 32.5 10, 11….22 (100  a,b  1000)
1 32.5.11 no value ( 100  a,b  1000)
so 7 + 13 = 20 values

19. Let AB be a diameter of a circle and let C be a point on the segment AB such that AC : CB = 6 : 7.
Let D be a point on the circle such that DC is perpendicular to AB. Let DE be the diameter through
D. If [XYZ] denotes the area of the triangle XYZ. Find [ABD]/[CDE] to the nearest integer.
Eku yks fd AB ,d o`r dk O;kl gS vkSj eku yks fd C js[kk[kaM AB ij ,slk fcanq gS ftlls fd AC : CB = 6 :
7 gSA eku yks fd D o`r ij ,d ,slk fcanq gS fd DC [kaM AB ij yac gSA eku yks fd DE fcanq D ls xqtjrk
gqvk o`r dk O;kl gSA vxj [XYZ] ls gekjk eryc f=kHkqt XYZ dk {ks=kQy gS rks [ABD]/[CDE] dk eku lcls
djhch iw.kkZad rd Kkr djksA
Ans (13)


P
A C r O B
12r
13 13

Sol.
E

r2 r
CD = r2 - = 12  14
132 13

1 1
tan  =  sin  =
12  14 12  14  1

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CP CP 1
= sin  = =
CD r
12  14 12  14  1
13
r 12  14
CP =
13 12  14  1
1 r
(2r)× 12 ×14
| ABD |
= 2 13
| CDE | 1 r 12 ×14
(2r)×
2 13 12 ×14 +1
= 12  14  1  13

20. Consider the set E of all natural numbers n such that when divided by 11,12,13 respectively, the
remainders, in that order, are distinct prime numbers in an arithmetic progression. If N is the
largest number in E, find the sum of digits of N.
Eku yks fd E ,slh izkd`frd la[;kvksa n dk leqPp; gS ftUgsa 11,12,13 ls Hkkx nsus ij feyus okys 'ks"k ,slh
vyx–&vyx vHkkT; la[;k,Wa gSa tks blh dze esa lekUrj Js.kh esa gSaA vxj N leqPp; E dh lcls cM+hs la[;k gS
rks N ds vadks dk ;ksx Kkr djksA
Ans Bonus
Sol. N can be of the type (11  12  13   ) + 29 (where  belongs to integer) so there no largest
value.

21. Consider the set E = {5,6,7,8,9}. For any partition {A,B} of E, with both A and B non empty.
Consider the number obtained by adding the product of elements of A to the product of elements
of B. Let N be the largest prime number among these numbers. Find the sum of the digits of N.
leqPp; E = {5,6,7,8,9} dks yksA E ds fdlh Hkh foHkktu {A,B} ds fy,] tgkWa A vkSj B nksuksa vfjDr gSa] A ds
lnL;ksa ds xq.kuQy dk B ds lnL;ksa ds xq.kuQy ls ;ksx ysus ij feyus okyh la[;k dks yksA N bu lHkh
la[;kvksa esa lcls cM+k vHkkT; gSA N ds vadksa (digits) dk ;ksx Kkr djksA
Sol. (17)
one of the set A or set B contain only odd number

set A set B Comment

Case I 5 6,7,8,9 5 + 6 × 7 × 8 × 9 = 3029
Which is divisible by 13
II 7 5,6,8,9 7 + 5 × 6 × 8 × 9 = 2167
Which is divisible by 11
III 9 5,6,7,8 9 + 5 × 6 × 7 × 8 is multiple of 3
IV 5,7 6,8,9 5 × 7 + 6 × 8 × 9 = 467 which is prime
V 5,9 6,7,8 5 × 9 + 6 × 7 × 8 is divisible by 3
VI 7,9 5,6,8 7 × 9 + 5 × 6 × 8 is divisible by 3
VII 5,7,9 6,8 5 × 7 × 9 + 6 × 8 is divisible by 3

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Hence N is 467
Sum of the digit of N is 17


22. What is the greatest integer not exceeding the sum 1599 1
n1
n


,slk lcls cM+k iw.kkZad Kkr djks tks fd ;ksx 1599 1 ls cM+k uk gksA
n1
n
Sol. (78)

1600 1599 1599


dx 1 dx
 x

n
 1  x
1 n 1 1

1599

1600 1 1599
2 x   1 2 x
1 n 1
n 1

1599

1
78 <  2 1599  1
n 1
n

1599

1
78 <  78.97.....
n 1
n

1599 1 
 
 n
  78

 n 1 

23. Let ABCD be a convex cyclic quadrilateral. Suppose P is a point in the plane of the quadrilateral
such that the sum of its distances from the vertices of ABCD is the least. If {PA, PB, PC, PD} = {3,
4, 6, 8}
What is the maximum possible area of ABCD ?
eku yks fd ABCD ,d mRry (convex) pfdz; (cyclic) prqHkZt gSA eku yks fd P prqHkZt ds ry esa ,slk fcanq
gS ftldh prqHkZt ABCD ds 'kh"kksZa ls nwfj;ksa dk ;ksx U;wure gSA vxj {PA, PB, PC, PD} = {3, 4, 6, 8}
rks ABCD dk vf/kdre laHko {ks=kQy fdruk gS ?
Ans (55)
Sol. P must be point of intersection of diagonals AC and BD
A B
3 
4
P
6
D 8

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Let  APB = , then

1
area of PAB = × 3 × 4 × sin
2
1
  area of PAD = × 3 × 6 × sin( – )
2
1
area of PDC = × 8 × 6 × sin
2
1
  area of PCB = × 8 × 4 × sin( – )
2
  area of quadrilateral ABCD is
1
(12 + 18 + 48 + 32) sin
2
  = (6 + 9 + 24 + 16) sin
Maximum area of quadrilateral ABCD is 6 + 9 + 24 + 16 = 55.

24. A 1n rectangle (n  1) is divided into n unit (11) squares. Each square of this rectangle is
coloured red, blue or green. Let f(n) be the number of colourings of the rectangle in which there
are an even number of red squares. What is the largest prime factor of f(9) / f(3) ? (The number of
red squares can be zero)
,d 1n vk;r (n  1) dks n bdkbZ (11) oxksZa esa ckWaV nsrs gSaA bl vk;r ds gj oxZ dks yky]uhyk ;k gjk jax
nsrs gSaA eku yks fd f(n) og la[;k gS ftrus rjhdksa ls ,sls jax ldrs gS fd yky jax ds vk;rksa dh la[;k le
gksA f(9) / f(3) dk lcls cM+k vHkkT; xq.ku[kaM D;k gS ? (yky oxksZa dh la[;k 'kwU; gks ldrh gSA)
Sol. (37)
f(n) = nC0 2n + nC22n–2 + nC4 2n–4 +………….
Now (2 + 1)n = nC02n + nC12n–1 + nC22n–2 + nC3 2n–3 +…………. (1)
(2 – 1) = nC02n – nC12n–1 + nC22n–2 – nC3 2n–3 +…………. (2)
n

add (1) and (2)

3n + 1 = 2[nC0 2n + nC22n–2 + nC4 2n–4 + …………]
3n  1
f(n) =
2
39  1 33  1
f(9) = , f(3) =
2 2
f (9) 39  1
= = 36 – 33 + 1 = 703 = 19 × 37
f (3) 33  1
 Largest prime factor in 37.

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25. A village has a circular wall around it, and the wall has four gates pointing north, south east and
west. A tree stands outside the village, 16m north of the north gate, and it can be just seen
appearing on the horizon from a point 48 m east of the south gate. What is the diameter in meters,
of the wall that surrounds the village ?
,d xkWao ds pkjksa rjQ ,d xksy nhokj gS ftlesa iwjc] if'pe] mRrj o nf{k.k dh rjQ pkj }kj gSaA xkWao ds
ckgj yxk ,d isM+ mRrj }kj ds 16 eh- mRrj esa gS vkSj og nf{k.k }kj ds 48 eh- iwjc fLFkr fcUnq ls cl
f{kfrt ij mHkjrk gqvk Fk+ksMk lk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA xkWao dks ?ksjrh gqbZ nhokj dk ehVj esa O;kl D;k gS \ s
Sol. (48)

16

N
B
r

r 48
W O E

r
S
C
D 48
Let radius equals to r

16  r 
2
AB = AO 2  OB 2   r2 = 256  32r

AD2 + CD2 = AC2

 
2
 (48)2 + (2r + 16)2 = 48  256  32r

 r2 + 8r = 24 256  32r
 r(r + 8)_ = 24 × 4 2 r8
 r r  8 = 24 32
 r = 24
Diameter equal to 48

26. Positive integers x, y, z satisfy xy + z = 160. Compute the smallest possible value of x + yz.
/kukRed iw.kkZad x, y, z lehdj.k xy + z = 160 dks larq"V djrs gSaA x + yz dk U;wure laHko eku Kkr djksA s
Sol. (50)
160  z
x  yz   yz
y

160 z y  1

2


160  z  zy 2 160  z
   zy
y y y y y
At particle value of z it is greater
than equal to 2 z 160  z 

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 least value is 2 z 160  z 

but integer also

Now least for least value z is also
Case I
159
z = 1, x + y z = y
y
 minimum value is at y = 3 which is 56
Case II
158
z = 2, x + y z =  2y
y
 minimum value at y = 2 which is 83 (rejected)
Case III
157
z = 3, x + y z =  3y
y
 minimum at y = 1 which is 160 (rejected)
Case IV
156
z = 4, x + y z =  4y
y
 minimum at y = 6 which is 50 (accept)
Case V
155
z = 5, x + y z =  5y
y
minimum value at y = 5 which is 56 (reject)
Case VI
154
z = 6, x + y z =  6y  2 924  50
y
similarly in all the cases minimum value is greater than 50. then answer is 50

27. We will say that a rearrangement of the letters of a word has no fixed letters if. When the
rearrangement is placed directly below the word, no column has the same letter repeated. For
instance, H B R A T A is a rearrangement with no fixed letters of B H A R A T. How many
distinguishable rearrangement with no fixed letters does B H A R A T have ? (The two A’s are
considered identical)
ge dgsaxsa fd fdlh ‘'kCn ds v{kjksa ds dzep; esas dksbZ fLFkj v{kj ugha gS vxj] tc ge dzep; dks 'kCn ds Bhd
uhps fy[ksa] rks fdlh Hkh LraHk esa ,d gh v{kj Åij uhps nksuksa txg ugha gksxkA tSls fd 'kCn B H A R A T ds
dzep; H B R A T A esa dksbZ fLFkj v{kj ugha gSA B H A R A T ds vyx&vyx ,sls fdrus dzep; gSa ftuesa
dksbZ fLFkj v{kj ughs gSa ? (;gkWa ekusaxs fd nksuksa A esa dksbZ Hksn ugha gSA)

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Sol. (84)
Let use assume the 2A's to A1 and A2
BHA1 RA2T
Number of rearrangements of these 6.
 1 1 1 1 1
= 6        265
 2 3 4 5 6
Let P be the set when A2 occupies place of A1 and  be the set when A1 occupies place of A2
n(P) = 53, n(Q) = 53
n(n Q) = 9
Hence required arrangements
1
= (265 – n(P  Q))
2
1
= (265 – 106 + 9)
2
168
=  84
2
28. Let ABC be a triangle with sides 51, 52, 53. Let  denote the incircle of ABC. Draw tangents to
 which are parallel to the sides of ABC. Let r1,r2,r3 be the inradii of the three corner triangles so
formed. Find the largest integer that does not exceed r1 + r2 + r3.
eku yks fd ABC ,d f=kHkqt gS ftldh Hkqtkvksa dk eku 51, 52, 53 gSA eku yks fd  f=kHkqt ABC dk var%
o`Rr gSA  ds og Li'kZd cukvks tks fd ABC dh Hkqtkvksa ds lekukarj gSaA eku yks fd dksuksa ij cus rhu
f=kHkqtksa dk var%O;kl r1,r2,r3 gSA ,slk vf/kdre iw.kkZad dkSulk gksxk tks r1 + r2 + r3 ds eku ls T;knk u gks \
Ans (15)
A
P Q

Sol.
B C
Let PQ be one of the required tangents is parallel to BC and meets sides AB and AC at P and Q
respectively.
Further Let PQ = x
and BC = 51
x r1
Now ABC is similar to APQ so =
a r
y r2
Similarly 
6 r
r1  r2  r3 x y z
Hence = + +
r a b c
x h – 2r
Now = where h is altitude
a h

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x 2 a
=1– , x = 1-
a s.2 s

a =3-
x a+b+c
=1
s
so r1 + r 2 + r 3 = r
78(27)(26)(25)
Now r=
78

33.52.2.13
=
2.3.13

= 32.52  15

29. In a triangle ABC, the median AD (with D on BC) and the angle bisector BE (with E on AC) are
perpendicular to each other. If AD = 7 and BE = 9, find the integer nearest to the area of triangle
ABC.
,d f=kHkqt ABC esa ef/;dk AD (tgkWa D Hkqtk BC ij gS) vkSj dks.k&lef}Hkktd BE (tgkWa E Hkqtk AC ij gS)
yEc gSaA vxj AD = 7 o BE = 9 rks ABC ds {ks=kQy ds lcls djhch iw.kkZad dk eku Kkr djksA
Ans (47)
Sol.
A

F
C
B D
Let AD and BE meet at F
B
Now ABF  FBD  and AFB  BFD  30º and BF is common to triangles ABF and BFD
2
hence the two triangles are
7
Cengruent so AF = FD=
2
Also, AB = BD,  AB : BC = 1 :2
 AE : EC = 1 : 2
So area of triangle ABC = 3(Area of ABE)
1 
= 3   AF  BE 
2 
3 7 189
=  9   47.25
2 2 4
Hence nearest integer = 47

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30. Let E denote the set of all natural numbers n such that 3 < n < 100 and the set {1, 2, 3,….,n } can
be partitioned in to 3 subsets with equal sums. Find the number of elements of E.
eku yks fd E ,slh izkd`frd la[;ksa n dk leqPp; gS ftuds fy, 3 < n < 100 vkSj ftuds fy, leqPp; {1, 2,
3,….,n } dks ,sls rhu mileqPp;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS ftudk ;ksx cjkcj gSA E ds lnL;ksa dh
la[;k Kkr djksA

Ans (64)
Sol. {1, 2………..n}
This set can be partitioned into 3 subsets with equal sums so total sum is divisible by 3 ,
n(n  1)
is divisible by 3.
2
So n will be of the form 3, 3 + 2
or for convenience we can take n = 6, 6+2, 6+3, 6+5
If n = 6then we can group numbers in bundles of 6.
In each bundle we can select numbers like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (16, 25, 34)
If n = 6 + 2 then we can club last bundle of 8 numbers rest can be partitioned and those 8
numbers can be done 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (1236, 48)
If n = 6 + 3, we can club last nine numbers and rest can be partitioned 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
(12345, 69, 78)
If n = 6 + 5 we can take last five numbers. Rest can be partitioned 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (14, 23, 5)
Hence we can select any number of form 6(16), 6+ 2(16), 6+ 3(16), 6+ 5(16)
so total 64 numbers.

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