Geometric Patterns
Geometric Patterns
Geometric Patterns
Patterns
Patterns are all around us and occur in a wide range of forms. Patterns may be seen in both natural and built
environments, as well as in many aspects of day-to-day living.
Being able to identify patterns is extremely important. Through the investigation of patterns, possible
connections can be examined and predictions made.
Number patterns
Often in mathematics, we are given a series of numbers and asked to identify a pattern. These numbers may
be increasing (getting larger) or decreasing (getting smaller) in regular amounts.
A pattern could be arithmetic, which is adding or subtracting a regular amount to a number, or the pattern
might be geometric, which is multiplying or dividing by a regular amount.
Odd numbers
Even numbers
Square numbers
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 66, 78, 91, ...
Prime numbers
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, ...
Composite numbers
4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, ...
Examples:
Patterns with specific shapes
It is possible to look at patterns of shapes and predict the number of sides for any quantity of the shape. A table
of values can then be completed for the geometric pattern.
Examples:
NATURAL PATTERNS
Fibonacci
Live Science explains the origin of the sequence. It began with Fibonacci pondering rabbit
breeding and assuming they live forever. Quite a leap to creating a mathematical formula to
define nature’s patterns.
Honeycombs, Cannonballs and Bees
The mathematician, Thomas Hales proved the honeycomb conjecture in 1999. This is
remarkable. Mathematicians tried to prove this for centuries. Centuries! For a more in-depth look
at the math, take a look at this article written by Hales.
Music
In our Nature of Patterns exhibition, children can play with an exhibit showcasing the patterns
found in music. Pythagoras was the first to discover the musical harmony we enjoy is, yep, based
on patterns, ratios to be precise. This one minute video explains it simply.
Foam
Young children love to blow bubbles or play with bubbles. They are playing with one of the
fundamental patterns in the natural world. This interesting video discusses foams and froths. It
focuses on the structure of foam and how it can be found in the structure of a wine cork to the
froth on a cappuccino.
Cracks
Cracks are overlooked because they are so common. It is often a pattern engineers want to avoid,
for example a crack in a bridge or a road or a glass. Engineers spend a lot of time trying to
determine when a crack can become a catastrophe. This in-depth articlediscusses the history for
fracture mechanics from frozen dirt to fractured rocks.
Waves
Waves are yet another common pattern found in nature. Think about it, waves can be seen
crashing on a beach, at the snap of a rope or sound traveling through a speaker. Khan
Academy is our final source to explain the physics of wave motion or a disturbance propagating
through space. Kids can play with wave patterns and properties at CuriOdyssey. Through this
play, they gain a deep understanding of the physical nature of waves.