Philippine Values that are Aeta, Indonesian,

What are Values? Malaysian, Hindu, Arabian, Chinese,

 Values are the expressions of the Spanish, Americans; in short, the
ultimate ends, goals, or purposes of Filipinos are cosmopolitan in nature,
social action. They are society’s They are both oriental cosmopolitan
moral imperatives that deal with in nature, They are both oriental and
what ought to be, and are therefore occidental.
considered desirable and important  The compadre system initiated the
by the members of society. In Filipino into the practice of extended
contrast to social norms, values are families and this has served to
general in nature (Popenoe 1947). strengthen the notorious practice of
 The Southeast Asian Research nepotism and favoritism in the social
Advisory Group (1987:9) defined spheres.
values as standards and principles  The Americanization of the Filipino
for judging what is correct or consisted mainly of the introduction
incorrect behavior, what is worth of a democratic system mainly of
attaining or not attaining, what is the introduction of a democratic
desirable or undesirable. system of government.
 These values may be terminal (end  But the most significant among
state) or instrumental (mode of contemporary efforts to influence
behavior). the Filipino value system perhaps
 Terminal Values- Desirable end- comes from the (DESC) Department
states of existence, a goal that a of Education Culture and Sports,
person would like to achieve during which in 1988, launched a
his or her lifetime. comprehensive Values Education
 Instrumental Values- Preferable Program.
modes of behavior or means of  Filipinos have displayed remarkable
achieving the terminal values. adaptability, resulting in a “many-
Four-fold test of Robin Williams (1970:448) sided” cultural heritage, for
 Extensiveness- when the value is whatever elements in Filipino
recognized by a representative culture were whatever elements in
number of people within the Filipino culture were borrowed had
society. been “Filipinized” the process had
 Duration- when the value has been become distinctly Filipino (Corpuz
shared and practiced in common for 1965: 5-6)
some time; Key Values that Dominate Philippine way
 Intensity- when the value involves of Life
the emotions and is taken seriously Non-Rationalism -- Rationalism
and sought after by many;  The philosophy of life implied in
 Prestige of its carrier- when the non-rationalism revolves around the
value provides ready-made means idea that man must adapt himself to
for judging social worth of persons nature and to forces outside of
or groups who share or practice it. himself. Non-rationalism involves an
 Forces that Shape the uncritical acceptance, reverence,
Contemporary Values and protection of traditions and
 The Filipinos of the last quarter of rituals. There is a resistance to
the twentieth century are the sum scientific traditions and rituals, an
total of the social strains and unswerving loyalty to the group and
century are the sum total of the unquestioning obedience to
social strains and cultural elements authority.
  Rationalism, on the other hand, ethnic regional group in the larger
involves a belief that by systematic society to which he or group in the
planning, studying, and training, one larger society to which he or she
can actively control and manipulate belongs, that individual is she
his or her destiny; one is thus greatly belongs, that individual is
responsible for his or her own particularistic. When one’s main
success or thus greatly responsible concern is particularistic. When
for his or her own failure. one’s main concern is the
 Filipinos have been influenced by advancement of the collective or the
western rationalism, although they advancement of the collective or
are still fundamental non rational. national good, he or she is
 The “bahala na” mentality has also universalistic.
led to lack of punctuality, Filipino Nationalism
vulnerability, dependence on the  Nationalism is the advocacy of
espiritista, the mangkukulam or making ones’ own nation distinct
witch. and separate ones’ own nation
 Other Filipino Other Filipino distinct and separate from others in
expressions of this orientalism are intellectual, social, cultural,
found in phrases such as “itinalaga economic, political, and moral
ng Diyos,” “iginuhit ng tadhana,” matters.
“gulong ng palad” (life has its ups  Nationalism can be a factor for
and downs, or life is like a wheel of either evil or good. If carried to its
its ups and downs, or life is like a extreme, it may or good. If carried to
wheel of fortune), “malas” (bad its extreme, it may take the form of
luck), and “napasubo” (forced into ethnocentrism, or racism, or of
something). xenophobia.
 Filipinos are also shame-oriented.  Awareness and understanding of
 Amor Propio is high self-esteem contemporary values in society will
and is shown in the sensitivity of a put us in a better position to
person to hurt feelings and insults, determine what we gain or lose in a
real o imagined. predominantly Gemeinschaft
Personalism society characterized by intimate,
 Personalism attaches major informal, reciprocal, and war social
importance to personal factor which and interpersonal relations
guaranties intimacy, warmth and stemming from non-rationalism,
security of kinship, and friendship in personalism, and particularism, or in
getting things done. a predominantly Gesellschafts
Impersonalism society characterized by anonymity,
 Impersonalism refers to the formality, contractualism, and
tendency to eliminate the influence coldness arising from rationalism,
of a friendship or kinship in working impersonalism, and universalism.
situations.
Particularism – Universalism
 Where a person’s concern is
centered on sub-groups made up of
relatives, friends, sub-groups made
up of relatives, friends, colleagues,
associates, religious affiliates or
members of his or her ethnic
regional or members of his or her