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Instruments and Measurements Formula Sheet

This document provides formulas and equations related to strain gauges, force and torque measurement, dead weight testers, manometers, Bernoulli's equation, and thermistors. Key formulas include the strain gauge resistance formula, equations for stress in two-dimensional systems, the effective gauge factor for lead wires, the relationship between resistivity and strain for semiconductor strain gauges, the formula for pressure measurement using a dead weight tester, the equation for pressure difference measurement using an inclined limb manometer, and the formula for natural frequency of a diaphragm gauge.

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Soha Ayaz Mehmood
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942 views2 pages

Instruments and Measurements Formula Sheet

This document provides formulas and equations related to strain gauges, force and torque measurement, dead weight testers, manometers, Bernoulli's equation, and thermistors. Key formulas include the strain gauge resistance formula, equations for stress in two-dimensional systems, the effective gauge factor for lead wires, the relationship between resistivity and strain for semiconductor strain gauges, the formula for pressure measurement using a dead weight tester, the equation for pressure difference measurement using an inclined limb manometer, and the formula for natural frequency of a diaphragm gauge.

Uploaded by

Soha Ayaz Mehmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sample Formula Sheet

(𝑙+∆𝑙)
𝑅𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌 𝜋 Gage factor=1+2𝑣
(𝑑−∆𝑑)2
4

𝐸 𝐸
For a 2-D system: 𝜎𝑥 = (𝜀𝑥 + 𝑣𝜀𝑦 ), 𝜎𝑦 = (𝜀𝑦 + 𝑣𝜀𝑥 ),
1−𝑣 2 1−𝑣 2
𝐺𝑓
In case of lead wires (𝐺𝑓 )𝑒𝑓𝑓 =
1+∝
𝜕𝜌
𝜌
For semiconductor based strain gauges 𝜌𝜖 =
𝜖

Force and Torque measurement using Stain Gauge

Dead Weight Tester

(𝑀𝑡 + 𝑀𝑐 )
For a deadweight gauge: 𝑝 − 𝑝𝐴 = 𝑔
𝐴

For Inclined Limb manometer: ∆𝑝 = ℎ𝑡 𝜌𝑔


106 𝑡
For a diaphragm Gage 𝑓 = 1.934 × 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ
𝜋𝑎2

𝑉12 𝑃1 𝑉22 𝑃2
Bernoulli equation + + 𝑔𝑧1 = +
+ 𝑔𝑧2
2 𝜌 2 𝜌
𝑣𝑑𝜌
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇

𝑁2 𝑁2
𝐿1 = , 𝐿2 =
𝑅𝑜 +𝐾(𝑑−𝑥) 𝑅𝑜 +𝐾(𝑑+𝑥)

For Bridgeman Gauge

1 1
For a thermistor 𝑅𝑇= 𝑅𝑜 exp[𝐵(𝑇 − 𝑇 )]
𝑜

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