Page1of1

CS708Cur
rentFi
nalTer
m PaperSpr
ing
2019
Paper1
Cs70825.
08.
2019Sunday8:
am

1.Li
stDownt
hei
nput
sofr
equi
rementengi
neer
ingpr
ocess(
5mar
ks)

Answer
:

REPr
ocess–I
nput
s

I
tincl
udesexi
sti
ngsy
stem i
nfor
mat
ion

I
nfor
mat
ion:
Iti
ncludetheinf
ormati
onaboutthef
uncti
onal
i
tyofsyst
emstober epl
acedandt
he
I
nfor
mat
ionaboutothersy
stems,whichi
nter
actwit
hthesyst
em bei
ngspeci
fi
ed

Stakehol
derneeds:
Descr
ipt
ionofwhatsy
stem st
akehol
der
sneedf
rom t
hesy
stem t
osuppor
t
thei
rwork

Or
ganizat
ionalst
andards:
Standar
dsusedi
nanor
gani
zat
ionr
egar
dingsy
stem dev
elopment
pr
act
ice,quali
tymanagement,et
c.

Regul
ati
ons:
Ext
ernal
regul
ati
onssuchasheal
thandsaf
etyr
egul
ati
ons,
whi
chappl
ytot
he
syst
em

Domai
ninf
ormat
ion:
Gener
ali
nfor
mat
ionaboutt
heappl
i
cat
iondomai
noft
hesy
stem

REPr
ocess-Out
put
s

Agreedr
equir
ement
s:Adescr
ipt
ionofthesy
stem r
equi
rement
s,whi
chi
sunder
standabl
eby
st
akehol
dersandwhi
chhasbeenagreedbythem.

Syst
em speci
fi
cat
ion:
Thi
sisamor
edet
ail
edspeci
fi
cat
ionoft
hesy
stem,
whi
chmaybe
pr
oducedinsomecases

Syst
em models:
Asetofmodel
ssuchasadat a-
flowmodel ,
anobj
ectmodel
,apr
ocessmodel
,
et
c.,whi
chdescri
best
hesy
stem f
rom di
ff
erentperspect
ives

2.Theprocessi
ngCustomerinputsuperst
ateisdecomposedint
othreeSubst
ate.i.
ePi
n
Val
idati
on,Pi
nwait
ingforCustomerChoicey ouarer
equir
edtoDrawAtm control
st
atechartf
orpr
ocessi
ngcust omerinput
.(5marks)
 Page2of2

Answer
:

 Pr
ocessi
ngCust
omerI
nputSuper
stat
e

o ThePr
ocessi
ngCust
omerI
nputsuper
stat
eisdecomposedi
ntot
hreesubst
ates

o Wai
ti
ngf
orPI
N

o Val
i
dat
ingPI
N

o Wai
ti
ngf
orCust
omerChoi
ce

 Wai
ti
ngf
orPI
NSubst
ate

o Thissubst
ateisenteredfr
om Idl
estatewhenthecust
omeri
nsert
sthecar
dint
he
ATM, r
esul
tingintheCardInsert
edevent
.Inthi
sstat
e,t
heATM wait
sfort
he
customertoenterthePIN

 Val
i
dat
ingPI
NSubst
ate

o Thi
ssubstat
eisenter
edwhent
hecust
omerent
erst
hePI
N.I
nthi
ssubst
ate,
the
BankSer
verval
idat
esthePI
N

 Wai
ti
ngf
orCust
omerChoi
ceSubst
ate

o Thi
ssubstat
eisent
eredasar esul
tofaVal
i
dPINevent
,indicati
ngaval
idPINwas
ent
ered.I
nthi
sstat
e,thecust
omerenter
sasel
ect
ion:Withdraw,Tr
ansf
er,
orQuer
y

3.Whati
susecasedi
agr
am di
scussi
tscont
ent
s(5mar
ks)

Answer
:

•Ausecasediagr
am i
sthedi
agr
am t
hatshowsasetofusecasesandact
orsandt
hei
r
rel
ati
onshi
ps
 Page3of3

•I
thasanameandgr
aphi
cal
cont
ent
sthatar
eapr
oject
ioni
ntoamodel

•Cont
ent
sofUseCaseDi
agr
ams

 Usecases

 Act
ors

 Dependency
,gener
ali
zat
ion,
andassoci
ati
onr
elat
ionshi
ps

4.Customerandoper
atorar
etwoact
orsofATM y
ouar
erequi
redt
owr
it
eusecasef
or
each(5marks)

Answer
:

5.St
epsofobj
ect
-or
ient
edanal
yses(
5mar
ks)

Answer
:

St
epsi
nObj
ect
-Or
ient
edAnal
ysi
s

 I
dent
if
ycl
asseswi
thi
nthepr
obl
em domai
n

 Def
inet
heat
tr
ibut
esandmet
hodsoft
hesecl
asses

 Def
inet
hebehav
ioroft
hosecl
asses

 Model
ther
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
hosecl
asses

6.Dr
awsy
stem cont
extdi
agr
am f
orBankAt
m(10mar
ks)

Answer
:
 Page4of4

7.Di
scussGui
del
i
nesf
orUsecase(
10mar
ks)

Answer
:

Gui
del
i
nesf
orUseCases

 I
dent i
fyt
heact or
sthatint
eractwiththeelement
.Candidateactor
sincl
udegr
oupsthat
requir
ecert
ainbehaviortoperfor
mt heirt
asksorthatareneededdir
ectl
yori
ndi
rect
lyt
o
perfor
mt heelement’
sfunction

 Or
gani
zeact
orsbyi
dent
if
yinggener
alandmor
especi
ali
zedr
oles

 Foreachact
or,
consi
dert
hepr
imar
yway
sinwhi
cht
hatact
ori
nter
act
swi
tht
heel
ement
.

Consideralsoi
nter
acti
onsthatchangethest
ateoft
heel
ementori
tsenv
ironmentor
thati
nvolvearesponsetosomeev ent

 Consi
dert
heexcept
ional
way
sinwhi
cheachact
ori
nter
act
swi
tht
heel
ement

 Organi
zethesebehav
ior
sasusecases,appl
yi
ngincl
udeandextendr
elat
ionshi
pst
o
fact
orcommonbehav i
oranddi
sti
ngui
shexcepti
onalbehav
ior

8.WBI
Sident
if
icat
ionf
ort
hedev
elopmentofWBI
S(10mar
ks)

Answer
:

Web-
BasedI
nfor
mat
ionSy
stems(
WBI
S)

 Whatmakeswebsystemssodi
ffer
entf
rom thetr
adi
ti
onalsoft
waresy
stemst
hatt
hei
r
pl
anni
ngandconst
ructi
onr
equi
resauniquedevel
opmentprocess?

 Fi
rst
,weneedt
ounder
standdi
ff
erentt
ypesofweb-
basedi
nfor
mat
ionsy
stems

REAppr
oachesf
orDev
elopmentofWBI
S

 Webengi
neer
ing

 Rel
ati
onshi
pmanagementmet
hodol
ogy

 I
nter
netcommer
cedev
elopmentmet
hodol
ogy

 Webi
nfor
mat
ionsy
stemsdev
elopmentmet
hodol
ogy

WebI
nfor
mat
ionSy
stemsDev
elopmentMet
hodol
ogy(
WISDM)

 WISDM isemploy
edwiththeaimforeval
uat
ingt
heef
fect
ivenessofapr
e-web
methodologyt
otheweb-basedmethodol
ogy

 RADandpr
otot
ypi
ngar
eef
fect
iveappr
oachesf
orWI
SDM pr
ojectdev
elopment

Page156,
157,
158
 Page5of5

Paper2
1.Typesoff
unct
ions/Whatar
ethet
ypeoff
unct
ionsandal
sot
ell
howt
hesef
unct
ionsar
e
acti
vat
ed?

Answer
:

 AsynchronousFunct
ion:
Anasynchr
onousf
unct
ioncanbeact
ivat
edbyanot
herobj
ector
funct
iontoperf
orm someact
ion.

 AsynchronousSt ateDependentFuncti
on:Anasynchr
onousstate-dependentfuncti
oni
s
usuall
ya“ one-shot”acti
on,whi
chisexecuteddur
ingatransi
ti
onfr om onestateto
anotherstate.Thisfunct
ionisact
ivat
edbyacont r
olt
ransfor
mat i
on

 Peri
odicFuncti
on:Aperi
odi
cfunct
ioni
sacti
vat
edatr
egul
arinter
valstoper
form some
acti
on.Thefrequencywi
thwhi
chaspecif
icf
uncti
oni
sact
ivatedisappli
cat
ion
dependent

 Peri
odicStat
e-DependentFunction:Aperi
odicfunct
ioni
sacti
vat
edatregulari
nter
val
sto
perf
orm someact i
on.Thefrequencywithwhichaspecif
icf
uncti
onisacti
vatedis
appl
icati
ondependent.Thi
sf uncti
onisacti
vatedbyacontr
oltr
ansf
ormation

2.Pr
obl
emswi
thnat
ural
language

Answer
:

Requi
rementspeci
fi
cat
ioni
nnat
ural
languageposesomepr
obl
emswhi
chi
ncl
ude
•Lackofcl
ari
ty
•Requi
rement
sconf
usi
on
•Requi
rement
samal
gamat
ion(
mixt
ure)
•Natur
all
anguageunder
standi
ngrel
i
esont
hespeci
fi
cat
ionr
eader
sandwr
it
ersusi
ng
thesamewordsforsameconcept
•Anat
ural
languager
equir
ementsspeci
fi
cat
ioni
sov
er-
fl
exi
ble.“
Youcansayt
hesame
thi
ngi
ncompletel
ydi
ff
erentway
s”
•Iti
snotpossi
bletomodul
ari
zenat
ural
languager
equi
rement
s.I
tmaybedi
ff
icul
tto
fi
ndall
rel
atedrequi
rement
s
–Todi
scov
ert
hei
mpactofachange,
ever
yrequi
rementhast
obeexami
ned

3.Pr
obl
emswi
thr
equi
rement
sandi
mpact

Answer
:

 Whenrequi
rementsar
ewr
ong,sy
stemsarelat
e,unrel
iabl
eanddon’
tmeetcustomer
s’
needs
 Thisr
esul
tsinenor
mousl
ossofti
me,r
evenue,marketshare,
andt
rustofcust
omers

I
mpactofRequi
rement
sWast
eonDev
elopmentPr
ocess:

 Mor
esour
cecodet
owr
it
eandhi
ghercost

 I
ncr
easedcompl
exi
tyoft
hesour
cecode

 Del
ayeddel
i
ver
yoft
hef
inal
ver
sionoft
heappl
i
cat
ionwi
thal
lfunct
ional
i
ties

 Mor
ecompl
exandcost
lymai
ntenance

 Morer
esourcesrequi
redbyt
heappl
i
cat
ion,
incl
udi
ng:
memor
yusage,
processi
ng
power
,net
wor kusage,et
c

 I
ncr
easedcompl
exit
yoftheappl
i
cati
onfrom t
hepointofvi
ewofthecust
omer(e.g.
,
mor
ecomplexuseri
nter
face,
moreeff
orttol
earnhowt ouset
heappli
cat
ion,
etc)
 Page6of6

 Savi
ngspr
oducedbyt
heappl
i
cat
ioni
nthepr
oduct
ionpr
ocessoft
hecust
omerar
e
del
ayed

Wast
eReduct
ionTechni
ques:

I
nordert
oreducethewast
ecr
eat
edbyt
heov
erspeci
fi
cat
ionofr
equi
rement
s,f
oll
owi
ng
t
echni
quesareused

 Requi
rement
spr
ior
it
izat
ion

 I
ncr
ement
alr
eleases

4.SADTdi
agr
am

Answer
:

5.ATM usecase

Answer
:

UseCasesoft
heATM Sy
stem

•Abst
ractusecases

o Val
i
dat
ePI
N

•Concr
eteusecases

o Wi
thdr
awFunds

o Quer
yAccount

o Tr
ansf
erFunds

6.Pr
oductl
i
newal
aai
kquest
ions/
/

Q.Whatf
eat
urear
eimpor
tanti
nsof
twar
epr
oductl
i
ne?
Answer
:

Featuresareanimpor t
antconcepti
nsoft
warepr oductl
inesbecausetheyr
epr
esentr
eusable
requir
ementsorchar act
eri
sti
csofaproductl
ine.Theconceptofaf eat
urei
squit
eint
uit
iveand
appli
est oal
lproductli
nes,notj
ustsof
twareproductli
nes

Feat
ureModel
i
ng

TheFODA( feat
ure-
ori
enteddomai
nanal
ysi
smet hodusesfeat
ures,whi
chareorgani
zedint
oa
feat
uret
ree.Featur
esmaybemandatory
,opti
onal,ormut
uall
yexclusi
ve.Ot
herproductl
i
ne
methodsalsousedfeatures

CommonFeatures:
Commonfeat
uresarethosef
eat
uresthatmustbepr
ovi
dedbyev er
y
memberofthesoft
war
epr
oductl
ine.Theyareal
sor
eferr
edtoasmandator
y,necessar
y,or
ker
nel
feat
ures

Opt
ional
Feat
ures:
Opt
ional
feat
uresar
ethosef
eat
urest
hatneedt
obepr
ovi
dedbyonl
ysome
 Page7of7

membersofthepr
oductl
ine.Opti
onalf
eat
urescanassumethatcommonf
eat
uresar
epr
ovi
ded
andsocandependonthepresenceoft
hecommonf eatur
es

Alternat
iveFeatur
es:Twoormoref
eat
uresmaybeal
ter
nati
vestoeachother
,wher
eonlyoneof
them canbepr ovidedi
nanygi
venmemberoft
hesof
twareproductl
i
ne.Thusthef
eat
uresar
e
mut uall
yexclusi
ve

Q.Whatar
eappr
oachesofsof
twar
edev
elopmentf
orsof
twar
epr
oductl
i
ne?

 Thi
sapproachinv
olvesanalyzi
ngwhatfeat
ures(f
uncti
onalr
equi
rements)oft
he
sof
twar
ef amil
yarecommon, whatf
eat
uresareopti
onal
,andwhatfeat
uresar
eopt
ional
,
andwhatfeat
uresareal
ternati
ves.

 Aftert
hefeatureanaly
sis,t
hegoal i
stodesi
gnasof t
warearchit
ecturef ortheproduct
l
ine,whichhascommoncomponent s(r
equi
redbyallmembersoft hef amily)
,opti
onal
components( r
equir
edbyonl ysomemember softhefamil
y),andvariantcomponent s
(di
ffer
entversi
onsofwhi charerequi
redbydif
fer
entmember softhef ami l
y)

 Tomodel anddesignfamil
iesofsyst
ems,theanaly
sisanddesi
gnf
ami
l
iesofsyst
ems,
theanalysisanddesignconceptsf
orsingl
e-pr
oductsyst
emsneedt
obeext
endedto
supportsoftwareproductl
ines.

7.Requi
rement
spr
ior
it
izat
ionkat
abl
efi
l
lkr
nat
ha.Scal
eandsophi
sti
cat
ionai
kaurcheezt
hi

Answer
:

Paper3
CS70825/
08/
2019at5:
00PM

Q1whati
sinspect
ion.I
nspect
ionTechni
ques?
Answer
 I
nspect
ions,byallaccounts,do abetterjoboferr
orremov
alt
hananycompet
ing
t
echnol
ogy,andt
heydoi tatalowercost
.“Rober
tGl
ass”

 I
nspecti
onsareconducted bya group ofpeopl
ewor
king on t
hepr
oject
,wi
tht
he
obj
ecti
vetor
emovedefectsorer
ror
s

 Everymemberoft hei
nspect
ionteam hast
oreadandev
aluat
erequir
ementsdocuments
before coming t
ot he meeti
ng and a formalmeeti
ng is conduct
ed to di
scuss
requi
rementserr
ors

 Requirement
serror
sdetect
eddur i
ngthi
sinspect
ionsavelotofmoneyandtimeas
requi
rementser
rorsdonotflow i
ntot
hedesignanddevel
opmentphasesofsoft
war
e
devel
opmentprocess
–Acompl
etedescr
ipt
ionofi
nspect
ionsmustaddr
essf
ivedi
mensi
ons:
o Techni
cal
o Manager
ial
o Or
gani
zat
ional
 Page8of8

o Assessment
o Tool
suppor
t

Techni
quesf
orReadi
ngRequi
rement
sDocument
s

 Adhocr
evi
ew
o Arevi
ewwi thnof
ormal
,sy
stemat
icpr
ocedur
e,basedonl
yindi
vi
dual
exper
ience

 Checkl
i
str
evi
ew
o Al
istofit
emsi spr
ovi
dedt
orev
iewer
s,whi
chmakest
hisi
nspect
ionpr
ocess
morefocused

 Def
ect
-basedr
eadi
ng
o Provi
desasetofsy
stemati
cproceduresthatr
evi
ewerscanf
oll
ow,
whi
char
e
tai
lor
edtot
heformalsof
twarecostreducti
onnot
ati
on

 Per
spect
ive-
basedr
eadi
ng
o ResearchersatExperi
ment al
Sof twareEngineeri
ngGroupattheUniver
sit
yof
Maryland,Col
legePark,havecr eatedPerspecti
ve-
BasedReading(PBR)to
provi
deasetofsof twarereadingt echni
quesforfindi
ngdef
ectsinEngli
sh
l
anguager equir
ementsdocument s
Q2whati
susecasedi
agr
am cont
ent
sofusecasedi
agr
am.
(r
epeat
ed)
Q3whati
sdat
adi
cti
onar
y?Cont
ent
sofdat
adi
cti
onar
y.
Answer
:
Dat
adict
ionar
iesar
esi
mpl
yreposi
tor
iesi
nwhi
cht
ost
orei
nfor
mat
ionaboutal
ldat
a
i
temsdefi
nedinDFDs
Cont
ent
sofDat
aDi
cti
onar
ies:

 Nameoft
hedat
ait
em

 Al
i
ases

 Descr
ipt
ion/
pur
pose

 Rel
ateddat
ait
ems

 Rangeofv
alues

 Dat
afl
ows

 Dat
ast
ruct
uredef
ini
ti
on/
for
 Page9of9

Q4Pr
ior
it
izat
ionaspect
snegat
ionandmet
hods.
Answer
:
Aspect
sofPr
ior
it
izat
ion
•Requi
rement
scanbepr
ior
it
izedt
aki
ngmanydi
ff
erentaspect
sint
oaccount
•Anaspecti
saproper
tyorat
tri
but
eofapr
ojectandi
tsr
equi
rement
sthatcanbeused
topr
ior
it
izer
equi
rements
•Oftenaspect
sint
eractandchangesi
noneaspectcoul
dresul
tinani
mpactonanot
her
aspects
•I
mpor
tance
Thestakehol
dersshouldpri
orit
izewhichrequir
ementsaremosti
mpor
tantfort
he
syst
em.Importanceismulti
faceted,andcouldbeurgencyofi
mpl
ementat
ion,
i
mpor t
anceforproductar
chitectur
e,str
ategi
cimportance
•Penal
ty
I
tispossibl
etoevaluat
ethepenal
tyt
hatisi
ntr
oducedi
far
equi
rementi
snotf
ulf
il
led.
Penal
tyisnotj
usttheopposi
teofimpor
tance
•Cost
o Theimplementati
oncosti
susual
lyesti
matedbyt hedev
elopi
ngorganizat
ion.
Measuresthati
nfl
uencecosti
ncl
ude:complexit
yoftherequi
rement
,the
abi
li
tyt
or euseexi
sti
ngcode,t
heamountoft est
inganddocumentat
ion
needed
o Costi
sof
tenexpr
essedi
nter
msofst
affhour
s
•Ti
me
Timeisi
nfl
uencedbymanyotherf
actorssuchasdegreeofpar
all
eli
sm i
ndevel
opment
,
tr
aini
ngneeds,
needtodev
elopsupporti
nfrast
ruct
ure,
complet
eindust
ryst
andards
•Ri
sk
Ev
erypr
ojectcar
ri
essomeamountofr
isk
•Vol
ati
l
ity
Vol
ati
l
ityofrequi
rement
sisconsi
der
edari
skfact
orandissomet
imeshandl
edaspar
t
oft
heriskaspect
.Apointofvi
ewist
ohandl
ethem separ
atel
y
•Ot
heraspect
s
Fi
nanci
albenef
it
,st
rat
egi
cbenef
it
,compet
it
ors,
compet
ence/
resour
ces,
rel
easet
heme,
abi
li
tyt
osell
•I
tisi
mpor
tantf
orst
akehol
der
stodev
elopal
i
stofaspect
stohel
pindeci
sion-
maki
ng
pr
ocess
•Combi
ningdi
ff
erentaspect
s
Pr
ior
it
izat
ionMet
hods

 Themet hodsar
ebasedonquant
it
ati
vel
yassi
gni
ngv
aluest
odi
ff
erentaspect
sof
requi
rements

 Quant
it
ati
vemet hodsmakeiteasiert
oaggregat
ediffer
entdeci
sionv
ari
abl
es
i
ntoanoveral
lassessmentandleadtofast
erdeci
sions
 Page10of10

Q5.Dr
awspeci
ali
zedusecasedi
agr
am.
Answer
:
Speci
ali
zedUseCases
Youmayhav et
wospecial
i
zedchi
l
drenoft
hisusecase(
Checkpasswor
dandRet
inal
scan)

Q7.SADTATM CONTEXTdi
agr
am.
Answer
:

Q8Dr
awsequent
ial
diagr
am ofATM.
Q9PROBLEMSOFNATURALLANGUAGE.(
repeat
)

Paper4
Cs70825/
08/
2019
1.Beingst
udentofr
equi
rementengi
neer
ing,youaresupposedt
oexpl
ainst
ate
tr
ansact
ionandst
atechar
tdiagr
amsgr aphi
cal
ly
.(10)
Answer
:
St
ateTr
ansi
ti
onDi
agr
ams

 Aci
rcl
edenot
esast
ate

 Adi
rect
edarcconnecti
ngt
wost
atesdenot
est
hepot
ent
ial
tot
ransi
ti
onbet
ween
t
hetwoindi
cat
edstates

 Al
abel
ont
hear
c,whi
chhast
wopar
tssepar
atedbyasl
ash,
meanst
hei
nput
 Page11of11

t
hatt
ri
gger
sthet
ransi
ti
onandt
heout
putwi
thwhi
cht
hesy
stem r
esponds

 Meal
ymodel
ofst
atet
ransi
ti
ondi
agr
ams

 Moststr
uct
uredanal
ysi
stool
suseasl
i
ght
lydi
ff
erentnot
ati
ont
odescr
ibest
ate
t
ransi
ti
ondi
agrams

 Theyuseboxesi
nst
eadofci
rcl
es

 Thi
snot
ati
onhasbecomev
erypopul
ari
nsof
twar
eengi
neer
ing

 Anothermodel ex
ist
sforstat
etransi
ti
ondiagrams,Mooremodel
,i
nwhich
system r
esponsesareassoci
atedwiththestater
athert
hant
hetr
ansi
ti
on
betweenstates

 OnMooreSTDs,
arcsar
elabel
edwit
honlyt
hesti
mulusname,
andci
rcl
esar
e
l
abel
edwit
hthestat
enameandthesyst
em r
esponse

St
atechar
ts

 St
atechar
tsar
eanext
ensi
ont
ofi
nit
est
atemachi
nes,
proposedbyHar
el

 Theyprovi
deanotati
onandasetofconvent
ionst
hatf
aci
l
itat
ethehi
erar
chical
decomposit
ionoffi
nit
estat
emachinesandamechani
sm f
orcommunicati
on
betweenconcur
rentfi
nit
est
atemachine

 Stat
echar
tsal
lowatransi
ti
ontobeafunct
ionofnotonl
yanext
ernal
sti
mul
us
butalsot
hetr
uthofaparti
cul
arcondi
ti
on

 Theconceptofsuperst
ate,
whi
chcanbeusedt
oaggr
egat
eset
sofst
ateswi
th
commont r
ansit
ions
 Page12of12

 Asuper
-st
atecanbeusedanabst
ractst
ate,
inwhi
chal
lst
atest
ransi
ti
ont
oa
par
ti
cul
arstat
e

 Asuper
-st
atecanbeusedt
otr
ansi
ti
oni
ntof
rom mor
ethanonest
ates

 Def
aul
tent
ryst
ate/“
or”decomposi
ti
on

 St
atedescr
ibet
he“
and”f
unct
ionoft
hest
ater
efi
nement

 Thesimpl
i
cit
y,appl
i
cabili
tyandel
eganceofHarel
’sorthongonaldecomposit
ion
becomesmostapparentwhenwecompar eequiv
alentbehavior
aldescr
ipt
ions
 Page13of13

usi
ngconv
ent
ional
stat
etr
ansi
ti
ondi
agr
ams

 Stat
echart
spr
ov i
denatur
alextensi
onstoFSMst
omaket
hem mor
esui
tabl
efor
speci
fyi
ngext
ernalbehav
iorofreal
-t
imesyst
ems

 Theseext ensi
onsprovi
deforhi
erar
chical
decomposit
ionofstat
esand
specif
icati
onoftransi
ti
onsdependentonglobal
condi
tionsandbei
ngi
n
part
icularstat
e

2.Dr
awusecasedi
agr
am f
orATM.(
10)(
repeat
)
3.Theclientvali
datepi
nusecasest
artwit
hacustomeri
nsert
ingt
heATM cardint
othe
cardreader.youarerequi
redt
odrawstat
echar
tforATM cont
rolf
ort
heval
idatepi
nuse
case.(10)(repeat
)

4.Youneedt
oident
if
yatl
eastf
ivedi
ff
erentt
echni
quesusedf
ordy
nami
cmodel
l
ing.(
05)
Answer
:
Techni
quesf
orDy
nami
cModel
i
ng
1.Fi
nit
est
atemachi
nes(
FSM)
2.St
atechar
ts
3.Pet
rinet
s
4.Deci
si
ont
abl
esanddeci
siont
rees
5.Col
l
abor
ati
ondi
agr
ams
6.Sequencedi
agr
ams

5.Youar
erequi
redt
oli
stf
ivedi
ff
erentWBI
Smodel
s.(
05)
Answer
:
Ty
pesofWBI
SModel
s
•Thoset
hatdel
i
veradv
ert
isi
ngandpr
omot
ion
•Thoset
hatassi
stbusi
nesswor
kfl
ow
•Thoset
hatf
aci
l
itat
eint
er-
organi
zat
ional
int
eract
ion
•Thoset
hatsuppor
tmul
ti
-par
ti
cipantt
radi
ng

6.Expl
ainspeci
ali
sedusecasewi
tht
hehel
pofdi
agr
am.(
05)(
repeat
)
7.Whatshoul
dbei
ncl
udedi
nSRS?Di
scussi
ndet
ail
.(05)
Answer
:
Cor
rect
:
SRSiscor
recti
fandonl
yifev
eryr
equi
rementst
atedt
her
einr
epr
esent
ssy
stem t
obe
bui
l
t.
Unambi
guous:
SRSi
sunambi
guousi
fandonl
yifev
eryr
equi
rementst
atedt
her
einhasone
 Page14of14

i
nter
pret
ati
on.
Compl
ete:
AnSRSi
scompl
etei
fev
ery
thi
ngt
hatt
hesof
twar
eissupposedt
odoi
sincl
udedi
nthe
SRS.
Tr
aced:
AnSRSi
str
acedi
ftheor
igi
nofi
tsr
equi
rement
siscl
ear
.
Desi
gni
ndependent
:
AnSRSi
sdesi
gni
ndependenti
fitdoesnoti
mpl
yaspeci
fi
csof
twar
ear
chi
tect
ure.
Conci
se:
TheSRSt
hati
sshor
ter
.

8.Identi
fyt
hetypesoffunct
ioni
.eper
iodi
cfunct
ionandper
iodi
cst
atedependent
functi
on(fi
vesentenceswer
egiven)(
05)(r
epeat
)
9.whichquali
tyassur
ancemechani
sm canl
i
mitt
hedamagedonebychangi
ng
requi
rements.(
05)
Answer
:
Fol
l
owi
ngqual
i
tyassur
ancemechani
smscanl
i
mitt
hedamagedonebychangi
ngr
equi
rement
s
1.For
mal
changemanagementpr
ocedur
es
2.St
ate-
of-
the-
artconf
igur
ati
oncont
rol
tool
s
3.Requi
rement
srev
iews

Paper5

1.Drawagener
alessaycont
estdi
agr
am whi
chi
ncl
udeapr
ocess,
input
,out
put
,cont
rol
andmechani
sm.(05)(r
epeat
)
2.Whatar
epr
obl
em wi
thr
equi
rement
sal
sohi
ghl
i
ghtt
hei
mpactoft
hesepr
obl
ems.(
05)(
repeat
)
3.Expl
ain“
incl
uder
elat
ionshi
p”i
nusecasewi
tht
hehel
pofdi
agr
am.(
05)
Answer
:

 Anincl
uderel
ati
onshi
pbetweenusecasesmeansthatt
hebaseusecaseexpl
ici
tl
y
i
ncorpor
atest
hebehaviorofanot
herusecaseatal
ocat
ionspeci
fi
edi
nthebase

 Theincl
udedusecasenev
erst
andsal
one,
buti
sonl
yinst
ant
iat
edaspar
tofsomel
arger
basethati
ncl
udesit

 I
tisl
i
ket
hebaseusecase

 I
ncluderel
ati
onshi
pisusedt
oav oiddescr
ibi
ngt
hesamefl
owofev
ent
ssev
eral
times,
byputt
ingthecommonbehaviorinausecaseofit
sown

 Thi
sisanexampl
eofdependency

 Tr
ackor
derusecasei
ncl
udesVal
i
dat
euserusecase

 I
ncl
udi
ngaUseCase
o Obtainandver
if
ytheordernumber.i
ncl
ude(
Val
i
dat
euser
).Foreachpar
tint
heor
der
,
queryit
sstat
us,t
henreportbackt
otheuser
 Page15of15

4.Pr
inci
plesofl
eanpr
oduct
ionf
orsof
twar
edev
elopment
.(05)
Answer
:

 Agi
l
emet
hodsar
eaf
ami
l
yofsof
twar
edev
elopmentpr
ocesses

 Theirai
mistodeli
verpr
oduct
sfast
er,wi
thhi
ghqual
i
ty,
andsat
isf
ycust
omerneeds
thr
oughtheappl
icat
ionoft
hepri
nci
plesofl
eanpr
oduct
iont
osoft
waredev
elopment

 Thepri
ncipl
eofleanproduct
ioni
stheconst
antident
if
icati
onandremovalofwast
e,t
hat
i
s,any
thingthatdoesnotaddval
uefort
hecustomertot hefi
nal
product

 Agi
l
emet
hodsf
ocuson
o Del
i
ver
ingv
aluef
ort
hecust
omer
o Ensur
ingt
hatt
hecust
omerunder
standsuchv
alueandbesat
isf
iedbyt
hepr
oject

5.Di
scusst
hest
epsofobj
ect
-or
ient
edanal
ysi
s.(
05)(
repeat
)
6.Youar
erequi
redt
odr
awasequencedi
agr
am f
orATM cl
i
entv
ali
dpi
nuse… 10)
Answer
:

6.Dr
awcont
extcl
assdi
agr
am ofbanki
ngsy
stem.(
10)
Answer
:
 Page16of16

7.Di
scussofdocument
ingt
heusecase.(
10)
Answer
:
Document
ingUseCases

 I
ncl
udesbasi
cfunct
ional
i
ty,
alt
ernat
ives,
err
orcondi
ti
ons,
precondi
ti
ons,
post
-condi
ti
ons

 Pr
econdi
ti
ons-t
hest
atet
hesy
stem mustbei
natt
hest
artoft
heusecase

 Post
-condi
ti
ons-t
hest
atet
hesy
stem mustbei
natt
heendoft
heusecase

 Flowofevent
s-aseriesofdecl
arat
ivest
atement
sli
sti
ngt
hest
epsofausecasef
rom
theact
or’
spointofv
iew

 Alt
ernat
ives-al
l
owsadi
ff
erentsequenceofev
ent
sthanwhatwasusedf
ort
hebasi
c
path
Document
ingUseCases

 Name

 Summar
y
o Shor
tdescr
ipt
ionofusecase

 Dependency(
onot
herusecases)

 Act
ors

 Pr
econdi
ti
ons
o Condi
ti
onst
hatar
etr
ueatst
artofusecase

 Fl
owofEv
ent
s
o Nar
rat
ivedescr
ipt
ionofbasi
cpat
h

 Al
ter
nat
ives
o Nar
rat
ivedescr
ipt
ionofal
ter
nat
ivepat
hs

 Post
-condi
ti
on
o condi
ti
ont
hati
str
ueatendofusecase
9.Onequest
ionmi
ss(
05)

Paper6
1.Sof
twar
eRequi
rement
 Page17of17

2.ATM cont
rol
stat
echar
tdi
agr
am (
repeat
)
3.Di
sadv
ant
agesofi
nher
it
ance
Answer
:

 Cl
assI
nher
it
ance:
Disadv
ant
ages
o Youcannotchangetheimpl
ementat
ionsi
nher
it
edfr
om par
entcl
assatr
un-
ti
me,becauseinher
it
ancei
sdefi
nedatcompil
e-t
ime
o Parentclassesoftendefi
neatl
eastpartoft
hei
rsubcl
asses’
physi
cal
repr
esent ati
on.Anychangei
ntheparent’
simpl
ementati
onwil
lfor
cethe
subclasst ochange
o I
nher
it
ancebr
eaksencapsul
ati
on
o I
mplement
ati
ondependenci
escancausepr
obl
emswheny
ou’
ret
ryi
ngt
o
r
euseasubcl
ass

4.Sof
twar
ereusemani
fest
o
Answer
:
Sof
twar
eReuseMani
fest
os
•Coder
euse
o Mat
hemat
ical
li
brar
ies
•Desi
gnr
euse
•Requi
rement
sreuse
•Knowl
edger
euse
•Pr
oductl
i
neappr
oach

5.ATM usecasedi
agr
am (
repeat
)
6.Webengi
neer
ing
Answer
:
WebEngi
neer
ing

 Webdevel
opmentshoul
dber
ecogni
zedasapr
ocesswi
thal
li
tsst
ruct
ureand
compl
exi
ty

 Mostoft hedi
fficul
ti
eswit
hr especttodevel
opmentofl
argewebsit
escanbe
att
ri
butedtoal ackofsui
tableprocessmodelsfort
heprojectt
eamstofol
l
ow,
sui
tablearchi
tectur
e,oraprojectmodelfort
hedevel
opmentofweb-enabl
ed
appli
cati
on

 Oneofthemostsignif
icantpoint
s,asanewandemer gi
ngtrendassoci
atedwit
h
thedev
elopmentandev ol
uti
onofweb-enabledser
vices,i
stheacknowledgement
ofthei
mportanceforproj
ectteamstoimprovebylearni
ngthroughexperi
ence

7.St
atet
ransi
ti
onandst
atechar
tsdi
agr
ams(
repeat
)
8.St
agesofObj
ector
ient
edanal
ysi
s(r
epeat
)
9.I
EEESt
epsofSRS
 Page18of18

Answer
:
AnSRSbasedonI
EEESt
andar
d

 Pr
eface

 I
ntr
oduct
ion

 Gl
ossar
y

 Gener
aluserr
equi
rement
s

 Sy
stem ar
chi
tect
ure(
reusabl
ear
chi
tect
ural
component
s)

 Har
dwar
especi
fi
cat
ion

 Det
ail
edsof
twar
especi
fi
cat
ion

 Rel
i
abi
l
ityandper
for
mancer
equi
rement
s

 Appendi
ces
o Har
dwar
eint
erf
acespeci
fi
cat
ions
o Reusabl
ecomponent
s
o Dat
a-f
lowmodel
o Obj
ect
-model

Paper7
MyPaper8:
0029/
08/
2019cs708
1.
Cont
entofusecasedi
agr
am (
repeat
)
2.
Usecasedi
agr
am f
oroper
ator(
repeat
)
3Somest
atement
sforr
equi
rement
sengi
neer
ingappr
oachest
oident
if
y
4.
Rev
iewsexpenses
Answer
:
Pr
e-r
evi
ewChecki
ng

 Reviewsareexpensi
vebecausetheyi
nvol
veanumberofpeopl
espendi
ngt
ime
readingandchecki
ngtherequi
rement
sdocument

 Thisexpensecanbereducedbyusingpre-revi
ewcheckingwhereoneperson
checksthedocumentandl ooksf
orstr
aightfor
wardproblemssuchasmissing
requi
rements,
lackofconformancetostandards,
typogr
aphical
err
ors,
etc.

 Documentmayber
etur
nedf
orcor
rect
ionort
hel
i
stofpr
obl
emsdi
str
ibut
edt
o
ot
herrev
iewer
s
 Page19of19

5.
Agl
i
eisadapt
iveorpr
oduct
ivej
ust
if
y
Answer
:
Agi
l
emet
hodi
sonbasedpr
oduct
ivi
ty.
 Agi
l
emet
hodsf
ocuson
o Del
i
ver
ingv
aluef
ort
hecust
omer
o Ensur
ingt
hatt
hecust
omerunder
standsuchv
alueandbesat
isf
iedbyt
hepr
oject

6.
Feat
uresofModel
i
ngt
echni
ques
Answer
:
Feat
uresofModel
i
ngTechni
ques
•Faci
l
itat
ecommuni
cat
ion
•Pr
ovi
deameansofdef
ini
ngt
hesy
stem boundar
y
•Pr
ovi
deameansofdef
ini
ngpar
ti
ti
ons,
abst
ract
ions,
andpr
oject
ions
•Encour
agetheanal
ysttot
hinkanddocumenti
nter
msoft
hepr
obl
em as
opposedtot
hesolut
ion
•Al
l
owf
oropposi
ngal
ter
nat
ivesbutal
ertt
heanal
ystt
othei
rpr
esence
•Makei
teasyt
omodi
fyt
heknowl
edgest
ruct
ure

7.
Stat
echar
tsandst
atet
ransat
iondi
gram (
repeat
)
8.Dat
adi
cti
onar
yandcont
ent
sofdi
cti
onar
y(r
epeat
)

Paper8
Cs70829/
08/
20198am
1.I
nspect
ion(
repeat
)
2.Sadtl
evl
1di
agr
am (
repeat
)
3.Usecaseat
m sy
stem di
agr
am (
repeat
)
4.St
atechatpi
nval
i
dat
iondi
agr
am (
repeat
)
5.Obj
ector
ient
esanal
ysi
sst
eps(
repeat
)
6.Sr
sst
epi
eee(
repeat
)
7.Wbi
smodl
types(
repeat
)