KHÓA HỌC LIVE 9H30 TỐI THỨ 6

(Đầu vào 5+ đầu ra 8+)

TÀI LIỆU HỌC HÈ CHO 2K1
Compiled by Mrs Trang Anh
Facebook: Mrstranganh87

UNIT 1. SUBJECT, OBJECT, POSSESSIVE PRONOUN, QUESTION

I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:

1. Could you tell me _________ you don’t like living in a big city?
a. how b. when c. where d. why
2. “ _________ are they?”. “Oh, the President’s daughters”
a. Who b. Whom c. Which d. That
3. _________ book is this, yours or mine?
a. what b. whose c. with d. whom
4. _________ did you get to Brighton? By train
a. when b. where c. why d. how
5. Do you know that girl? _________ is her name?
a. How b. Which c. What d. Who
6. How _________ will the journey take? Two hours or more?
a. often b. far c. much d. long
7. _________ is that bike? It’s Tom’s
a. Whose b. Who c. Where d. When
8. _________ is her job? She’s a doctor
a. Who b. What c. Whose d. Which
9. The dog bit _________ on the leg
a. hers b. her c. she d. he
10. _________ are going camping over the weekend
a. We b. us c. our d. He
11. _________ father is a teacher
a. He b. his c. She d. him
12. _________ children does your sister have?
a. How b. How many c. How much d. What
13. Jack and Jill got engaged last week. When are _________ going to get married?
a. them b. they c. their d. we
14. He is looking for _________ shoes
a. him b. her c. his d. he
15. _________ is going to New York on vacation
a. We b. You c. He d. I
II. Write these sentences using subject and object pronouns instead of the underlined words:
1. John and I saw Peter yesterday. He bought John and me a cup of coffee
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. David and Mike are arriving today. I’m meeting David and Mike at the station
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. I’m looking for Mary. Have you seen Mary? Mary isn’t at home
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Peter and I saw a film called The Tiger yesterday. Have you seen The Tiger?

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 ___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Come to the swimming pool with Joanna and me. Joanna and I are leaving now
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. George and Jane are meeting Paul today. Paul is having lunch with George and Jane
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. There’s Jack. Jack’s got a heavy suitcase. Shall we help Jack?
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. “Did you see Jonathon last night?” “No, I phoned Jonathon but Jonathon wasn’t there”
___________________________________________________________________________________

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III. Write the questions to which the underlined words are the answers:
1. I was born in 1980
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. My father was born in Quang Nam
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. My address is 3 Le Loi street
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. It’s very hot in HCM in March
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. It takes two hours to ride to Vung Tau by motorbike
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. It’s Mr. Dawson’s car
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. I go to school by bike
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. My sister speaks English fluently
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. Lan drank your lemon juice
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. Her brother weighs 50 kilos
___________________________________________________________________________________
11. I have learnt English for 6 months
___________________________________________________________________________________
12. This bridge is 5 meters long
___________________________________________________________________________________
13. No, I’m not a teacher. I’m a student
___________________________________________________________________________________
14. My mother goes shopping once a month
___________________________________________________________________________________
15. He was absent from school because he felt sick
___________________________________________________________________________________
16. Mr. Pike enjoys travelling
___________________________________________________________________________________
17. There are ten trees in the garden
___________________________________________________________________________________
18. The cat is in the box
___________________________________________________________________________________
19. Those are her pencils
___________________________________________________________________________________
20. Her brother has breakfast at 6 o’clock every morning
___________________________________________________________________________________
21. My mother works in a hospital
___________________________________________________________________________________
22. Mr. Nam goes to work by car every day
___________________________________________________________________________________
23. This shirt costs 150,000 VND
___________________________________________________________________________________
24. John bought his wife a lot of flowers
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
25. My brother is learning English because he wants to get a good job
___________________________________________________________________________________

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 UNIT 2. THE PRESENT SIMPLE & THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
I. Complete the sentences, putting the verbs into the present continuous or present simple:
1. Tim (live) _______ in Manchester but he (spend) _______ this month in Wales
2. A: _______ (you/work) today?
B: No, I _______. I usually (work) _______ on Fridays but I’ve got the day off
3. A: What _______ (Josephine/do)
B: She (be) _______ a teacher but she (not teach) at the moment. She (look) _______ for a job.
4. A: Can I have that paper or _______ (you/read) it?
B: No, I (not read) _______ it. I never (read) _______ that paper. I (prefer) _______ the Daily News
5. A: _______ (This bag/belong) to you?
B: No, It _______, but I (know) _______ Anita (look) _______ for her bag
6. I (not smoke) _______ but my husband _______. He (try) _______ to stop at the momet but it’s not
easy
7. _______ (you/remember) my friend Matthew? He (stay) _______ with me at the moment
8. A: _______ (you/speak) German?
B: No, I _______, but I (want) _______ to learn. I (look) _______ for a coursebook.
9. Emma and Katie usually (visit) _______ me on Saturdays but they _______ (camp) in the New Forest
this weekend.
10. A: _______ (Simon/help) you very much?
B: No, not usually, but he (help) me today
11. A: What _______ (you/do)?
B: I (write) _______ a letter to my parents. I (write) _______ them every weekend
12. A: Let’s go out B: Look! It (snow) _______ outside. It (come) _______ down quite hard
13. A: What time _______ (you/usually/start) work?
B: Normally, We (start) _______ work at eight o’clock, but we (start) _______ at seven this
weekend. We’re very busy at the moment
14. A: _______ (you/listen) to the radio? B: No, You can turn it off
15. A: _______ (you/look) for someone?
B: Yes, I (need) _______ to sepak to Neil. Is he in?
A: Yes, but I (think) _______ he’s busy. He (talk) _______ to the boss at the moment.
16. A: I (want) _______ a new computer. I (save) _______ up to buy one.
B: But computers (cost) _______ so much money. What’s wrong with the one we’ve got.
A: It (get) _______ out of date. Now
17. A: What _______ (you/do)?
B: I (weigh) _______ this letter. I (need) _______ to know how many stamps to put on it
18. A: I (think) _______ this road is really dangerous. Look how fast that lorry (go) _______
B: I (agree) _______. People shouldn’t go so fast
19. A: I (always/fall) _______ asleep. I just can’t keep awake.
B: What time _______ (you/go) to bed?
A: About ten o’clock usually. But It (not/make) _______ any difference
20. A: Are you free on Friday?
B: No, We’re very busy now. We (have) _______ a party on Sunday.
II. Are the underlined verbs right or wrong? Correct the verbs that are wrong
1. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius _______
2. The water boils. Can you turn it off? _______
3. Let’s go out. It doesn’t rain now _______
4. Listen to those people. What language do they speak? _______
5. The moon goes round the earth _______
6. I must go now. It gets late _______
7. I usually go to work by car _______
8. “Hurry up! It’s time to leave”. “I come” _______
9. I hear you’ve got a new job. How do you get on? _______
10. John is never satisfied. He always complain _______
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 UNIT 3. THE SIMPLE SIMPLE & THE PAST CONTINUOUS
I. Complete the sentences, putting the verbs into the past continuous or past simple:
1. When the postman (come) _______, I (have) _______ breakfast
2. My sister (wash) _______ dishes while I (work) _______ in the garden
3. While I (talk) _______ to John, the telephone (ring) _______
4. Mr. Taylor (watch) _______ television while his wife (read) _______ a newspaper
5. When I (leave) _______ the house this morning, It (rain) _______ very hard
6. John (talk) _______ to his friends when I (see) _______ him
7. I (see) _______ a bad accident while I (wait) _______ for you in this corner
8. As we (cross) _______ the street, the policeman (shout) _______ at us
9. That tourist (lose) _______ his camera while he (walk) _______ around the city
10. It (snow) _______ when I (get) _______ up this morning
11. Albert Einstein (die) _______ in 1955
12. Tom (go) _______ to the post office twice yesterday.
13. He (fall) _______ while he (go) _______ down the stairs
14. What _______ she (do) when you (arrive) _______ there? She (write) _______ a letter
15. She (have) _______ her bath while her sister (get) _______ the breakfast ready
16. I (go) _______ to ask you to help me, but you (sleep) _______ so peacefully when I (look) _______
into your room that I (decide) _______ to do it alone
17. I (look) _______ up at the sky, dark clouds (gather) _______
18. Just as I (write) _______ the letter, the inkpot (fall) _______ over
19. Mr. Nam (cook) _______ dinner when we (arrive) _______
20. What _______ (you/do) when I (telephone) _______ you last night?

II. Complete the sentences, putting the verbs into the correct tenses:
1. I (get) _______ hungry. Let’s go and have something to eat
2. Be quiet! I (want) _______ to hear the news broadcast
3. What _______ you (do) yesterday?
I (get) _______ up very early, (have) _______ my breakfast and then I (go) _______ to my office
4. Egypt (produce) _______ some of the finest cotton in the world
5. What _______ she (do) when you (arrive) _______ at her house yesterday morning?
She (cook) _______ her breakfast in the kitchen
6. What _______ you usually (read) when you (be) _______ on holiday?
I (read) _______ detective stories. Now I (read) _______ “The Shut door” by Ivor Lock
7. Ann (wait) _______ for me when I (arrive) _______
8. Mary (usually/phone) _______ me on Fridays but She (not phone) _______ last Friday
9. What’s the noise? What (happen) _______ ?
10. Yesterday evening, the phone (ring) _______ three times while we (have) _______ dinner
11. Why are you under the table? You (look) _______ for something?
12. _______ You (watch) TV last night? No, I (have) _______ supper and (go) _______ straight to bed
13. I (not like) _______ staying at hotels, but last summer, we (spend) _______ a few days at a very nice
hotel by the sea.
14. Linda (be) _______ busy when we (go) _______ to see her yesterday. She (study) _______ for an
exam. We (not want) _______ to disturb her, so we (not stay) _______ very long
15. When I first (tell) _______ Tom the news, he (not believe) _______ me. He (think) _______ that I
(joke) _______
16. We usually (go) _______ to Spain on holiday, but this year we (go) _______ to France
17. We can go out now. It (not rain) _______ any more
18. The sun (warm) _______ the air and (give) _______ us light
19. What speed _______ the car (do) at the time of the accident?
20. They (study) _______ in the library when the fire alarm (go) _______ off

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III. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. She usually _____ two hours a day
a. work b. is working c. works d. working
2. Don’t make noise. My mother _________ with her friends
a. is talking b. was talking c. talks d. talked
3. Listen! They _________ about the exhibition . Let’s join them
a. talk b. talked c. are talking d. have talked
4. Where _____ your sister born?
a. were b. was c. did d. is
5. We _____ have white wine, but we _____ red wine
a. didn’t/had b. don’t/had c. did/didn’t d. didn’t/have
6. When did you _________ see him?
a. recently b. already c. last d. lately
7. I _________ a bath when the phone rang
a. was having b. had c. am having d. have
8. I _____ her two week ago
a. seen b. was seeing c. saw d. have seen
9. I _____ to his house in 1991
a. moved b. have been moving c. have moved d. was moving
10. He came into the room while they _________ television
a. have watched b. watched c. were watching d. have been watching
11. I fell asleep when I _____ television
a. am watching b. am being watched c. was watching d. All are correct
12. They _____________ last week
a. didn’t come b. came not c. don’t come d. did come
13. Where are Geoff and Anne? _____________ in the garden
a. They’re sitting b. They sitting c. There sitting d. They’re siting
14. It’s very cold today and _____
a. It’s snowing b. it snows c. its snowing d. it snowing
15. She goes to the library twice a week. She _____________ read books there
a. never b. usually c. rarely d. once
16. At nine o’clock yesterday morning, we _____________ for the bus
a. are waiting b. waited c. were waiting d. was waiting
17. Tom _________ his hand when he was cooking the dinner
a. burnt b. was burning c. has burnt d. had burnt
18. He _________ me every Sunday, and we often go fishing together
a. came to see b. comes to see c. will be coming to seed. All answer are correct
19. The phone rang while she _________ dinner
a. cooks b. was cooking c. is cooking d. has cooked
20. My sister _________ trouble with her motobike now, so she has to take the bus to work
a. have b. is having c. was having d. had
21. When my mum got home, _________
a. the dinner be cooked b. I was cooking dinner
c. I am cooking dinner d. the dinner deing cooked
22. Emma and Katie usually _________ their grandmother at weekends
a. have visited b. visits c. visit d. are visiting
23. Peter was reading a book by Mark Twain _________ his friends came
a. while b. when c. during d. if
24. Look! That boy _________ an elephant over there
a. fed b. was feeding c. feeds d. is feeding
25. He _________ in London at the moment
a. studies b. has studied c. is studying d. will study

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 UNIT 4. THE PRESENT PERFECT
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. We have lived in this town _________ 1998
a. for b. since c. ago d. in
2. “Let’s go to the new movie down town”. “Thanks, but I _________ it already”
a. have seen b. saw c. had seen d. ever seen
3. _________ flown in an aeroplane before?
a. Have you ever b. Had you ever c. Are you d. Do you
4. Jack _________ his homework yet, so he won’t go out with his friends
a. finish b. has finished c. doesn’t finish d. hasn’t finished
5. I’ve worked here _________ six years
a. for b. since c. over d. in
6. Have you ever _____ the United States?
a. been in b. been to c. gone in d. gone to
8. They _________ maried for 22 years
a. have got b. have been c. was d. got
9. Robert _________ in three important water polo games so far
a. played b. had played c. is playing d. has played
10. Nothing _________ in this town since I first visited it
a. changed b. was changing c. changes d. has changed
11. Because Lan _________ breakfast, she isn’t hungry now
a. was eating b. eats c. ate d. has eaten
12. Up to now, I _________ a lot of information about her
a. will learn b. learnt c. would learn d. have learnt
13. She has worked as a secretary _________ she graduated from college
a. since b. until c. before d. while
14. I’m a vegetarian. I _________ meat since I was a child
a. haven’t eaten b. don’t eat c. haven’t been eating d. am not eating
15. I _________ here for ten years
a. lives b. am living c. live d. have been living
16. Tom was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He _________
a. was running b. has been running c. has run d. would run
17. I’m sorry, Mrs Johnson hasn’t _________
a. arrived just b. already arrived c. arrived already d. arrived yet
18. My cousins _________ seen a kangaroo
a. have never b. never have c. has never d. haven’t never
19. I _________ to London five times already this week
a. went b. have gone c. have been d. was going
20. Margaret has _________ here since February
a. being worked b. working c. been working d. been worked
II. Supply the correct verb form: Past simple or Present Perfect
1. Mr. Greenm (teach) English in this school since he (graduate) from the university in 1986
2. He (write) a book since last year
3. You (watch) TV last night?
4. I (read) the novel written by Jack London several times before
5. Someone (steal) my handbag on the bus
6. Last month, I (be) in the hospital for ten days
7. My father (not smoke) for 5 years
8. You (receive) any letter from your parents yet?
9. He (leave) home two weeks ago and we (not hear) from him since then
10. A: You (speak) to Mrs. Baker yesterday?
B: No, I (not see) her for a long time
A: I (not can) remember when I last (see) her
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11. My brother (join) the army when he (be) young
12. Mr. Jackson (paint) his house since last month
13. Columbus (discover) America more than 400 years ago
14. We (study) French for five years at school but we (not learn) very much
15. A: You (teach) English before?
B: Yes, I (have). I (teach) English for three years in Hong Kong and when I (come) back, I (start)
teaching at the Kensington school of English and I (teach) there since then
16. A: I (see) Jack last night
B: Oh really? I (nor see) him for three months. How is he?
17. A: you (ever/win) a competition? B: Yes, I (win) a photoghraphic competition in 2001
18. Geoge (work) at the university so far
19. We (not live) in England for two years now
20. When I (be) a child, I (want) to be a doctor
III. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it
1. I have never read such a romantic story
This is ______________________________________________________________________________
2. We started cooking for the party four hours ago
We have ____________________________________________________________________________
3. How long is it since they bought the house?
When ______________________________________________________________________________
4. It’s years since we decorated this room
We haven’t _________________________________________________________________________
5. She hasn’t been to the hairdresser for three months
It’s ________________________________________________________________________________
6. I’ve never met such a famous person before
It’s ________________________________________________________________________________
7. They last visited me five years ago
They haven’t _______________________________________________________________________
8. I haven’t been to Bristol for 3 years
The last time ________________________________________________________________________
9. Laurence hasn’t seen his sister since she left for Japan
Laurence last ________________________________________________________________________
10. Lucy hasn’t worn that dress since Barbara’s wedding
The last time ________________________________________________________________________
11. My sister has studied French for 2 years
My sister began ______________________________________________________________________
12. I have never seen such a mess in my life
It’s ________________________________________________________________________________
13. Robert and Catherine have been married for 4 years
It’s ________________________________________________________________________________
14. When did Catherine and Henry get engaged?
How long ___________________________________________________________________________
15. I have never seen a dirtier-looking dog
It’s ________________________________________________________________________________
16. Mary rang hours and hours ago
It’s ________________________________________________________________________________
17. Tom is ill. He became ill three days ago
Tom _______________________________________________________________________________
18. It’s 2 years since she left university
She ________________________________________________________________________________
19. I have never tasted such a delicious cake in my life
This is ______________________________________________________________________________
20. How long is it since you saw Mary?
When ______________________________________________________________________________

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 UNIT 5. THE PAST PERFECT & THE PAST SIMPLE
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. He felt very sleepy _________ he had eaten too much
a. of b. at c. after d. before
2. When we arrived, the train _________ the station
a. already left b. had already left c. had left already d. has left already
3. I called you at 8:00am, but you _________ out
a. went b. just had gone c. had just gone d. had gone just
4. Lisa _________ me a ride because I _________ the bus
a. gave/had missed b. gave/missed c. had given/missed d. had given/had missed
5. _________ I went to bed, I’d taken a bath and brushed my teeth
a. after b. when c. if d. before
II. Supply the correct verb form: Past tenses:
1. They (go) _____________ home after they (finish) _____________ their work
2. The children (play) _____________ football when their mother (come) _____________ back
3. She said that she (already, see) _____________ Dr. Rice
4. When we (come) _____________ to the stadium, the match (already, begin) _____________
5. He (sit) _____________ in a café when I (see) _____________ him
6. They told me they (not eat) _____________ such kind of food before
7. He (ask) _____________ me why he (come) _____________ so early
8. After they (go) _____________, I (sit) _____________ down and (rest) _____________
9. Before she (watch) _____________ TV, she (do) _____________ her homework
10. After taking a bath, he (go) _____________ to bed
11. She (win) _____________ the gold medal in 1986
12. What he (be) _____________ when he (be) _____________ young?
13. Is was the first time I (ever see) _____________ such a beautiful girl
14. Yesterday John (go) _____________ to the store before he (go) _____________ home
15. Our teacher (tell) _____________ us yesterday that he (visit) _____________ England in 1970
16. Tom (see) _____________ a serious accident while he (stand) _____________ at the bus stop
17. When John and I got to the theatre, the movie (already start) _____________
18. Before Alice (go) _____________ to sleep, she (call) _____________ her family
19. When the phone (ring) _____________ , I (have) _____________ dinner
20. Daisy (agree) _____________ with other members in the last meeting,
21. What you (do) _____________ at 6p.m yesterday?
22. The little girl asked what (happen) _____________ to her ice-cream
23. He (teach) _____________ in this school before he (leave) _____________ for England
24. The bell (ring) _____________ while Tome (take) _____________ a bath
III. Join the following pairs of sentences, using the conjunction in bracket
1. I had a bath. I went to bed (after)
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. I read the letter. I threw it away (when)
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. He passed his driving test. He bought a car. (as soon as)
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. I took the book back to the library. I finished reading it (when)
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. I didn’t go to bed. I did my homework (until)
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. I spent all my money. I went home (when)
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. I read the book. I saw the movie (before)
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. Her children left home. She started writing (after)
___________________________________________________________________________________
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 UNIT 6. WILL & BE GOING TO

I. Supply the correct verb form:

1. Jack: We need some bread for lunch
Ben: Oh, do we? I _____________ (go) to the shop and get some. I feel like a walk
Before he goes out, Ben talks to Jane:
Ben: I _____________ (get) some bread! Do you want anything from the shop?
Jane: Yes, I need some envelopes
Ben: Okay, I _____________ (get) some
2. John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He hasn’t got a car.
John: Alan, can you take me to the airport this evening?
Alan: Of course, I _____________ (take) you. I’d be delighted
Later that day, Eric offers to take John to the airport
Eric: John, do you want me to take you to the airport?
John: No, thanks, Eric. Alan _____________ (take) me
3. A: Has George decided what to do when he leaves school?
B: Oh, yes. Everything is planned. He _____________ (have) a holiday for a few weeks and then He
_____________ (do) a computer programming course
4. You have made an appointment with the dentist for Friday morning
Friend: Shall we meet on Friday morning
You: I can’t on Friday. I _____________ (go) to the dentist
5. A: Did you post that letter for me?
B: Oh, I’m sorry. I completely forgot. I _____________ (do) it now
6. A: What shall we have for dinner?
B: I don’t know. I can’t make up my mind
A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!
B: Okay then. We _____________ (have) chicken
7. A: The ceiling in this room doesn’t look very safe, does it?
B: No, It looks as if it _____________ (fall) down
8. A: Can I speak to Marco?
B: Hold on, I _____________ (get) him

II. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:

1. When I _________ to him, I _________ him your news
a. talk/give b. will talk/give c. talk/will give d. will talk/will give
2. Wait a minute. - _________ the door for you
a. I’ll open b. I open c. I’be open d. I’ve opened
3. I _________ send the parcel until I hear from you
a. will b. won’t c. often d. not
4. They are coming here _________ three weeks
a. for b. since c. in d. after
5. My mother _____ to stay with us next week
a. is coming b. will have come c. comes d. would come
6. Andrew and Mary _________ married in May
a. will be b. are going to be c. are getting d. get
7. _________ Anna all the news when I see her
a. I’ll tell b. I’m going to tell c. I tell d. I shall tell
8. Our friends _________ meet us at the airport tonight
a. are b. are going to c. go to d. will be to
9. _________ you lend me your calculator for some minutes, please?
a. Should b. Will c. Need d. Must
10. Can somebody come and help me? Yes, _________ help you
a. I’ll help b. I’m helping c. I will to help d. I help

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 UNIT 7. VERB PATTERN
I. Supply the correct verb form:
1. Don’t forget _________ (phone) your mother
2. I love _________ (be) on my own and _________ (listen) to music
3. Would you like _________ (go) to the beach this afternoon?
4. I enjoy _________ (read) your letters very much
5. We like _________ (live) here but we miss _________ (talk) to our old friends
6. Mathew suggested _________ (go) out for a meal but I wanted _________ (stay) at home
7. She couldn’t _________ (reply) because she didn’t know what to say
8. My friend let me _________ (drive) her car
9. She doesn’t allow _________ (smoke) in the house
10. I wish that dog would _________ (stop) _________ (bark). It’s driving me mad
11. The film was very sad. It made me _________ (cry)
12. Can you remind me _________ (buy) some coffee when we go out?
13. I tried _________ (give) up _________ (take) sugar in my tea but I didn’t like it
14. I am hoping _________ (stop) _________ (work) at the factory soon
15. Her mother makes her _________ (clean) her room
16. Don’t worry. The exam may not _________ (be) very difficult
17. He started _________ (play) golf last year
18. I’d like _________ (continue) _________ (study), but I haven’t got enough money
19. I’m thinking of _________ (buy) a car
20. She finished _________ (write) the book but then she decided _________ (start) another one

II. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:

1. It was difficult _________ a date which was convenient for everyone
a. making b. to make c. make d. made
2. Charlie Chaplin films often _____ me _____
a. makes/laugh b. make/laughing c. make/laugh d. makes/laughing
3. I think your house really needs _________
a. for repainting b. to repaint c. being repainted d. to be repainted
4. Would you please show me _________ yahoo messenger?
a. to use b. using c. how can I use d. how to use
5. I enjoy _________ places I’ve never been to before
a. to visit b. visiting c. visit d. with visiting
6. Mary told me _________ to go to the bank
a. don’t forget b. not forget c. not to forget d. should not forget
7. Peter now rides his bike to work in stead of _________ by bus
a. travel b. travels c. travelling d. to travel
8. Let him _________ it himself
a. do b. to do c. does d. doing
9. Do you think English is an important language _________”. “Yes, I think so”
a. for mastering b. to master c. master d. mastering
10. He promised _____ so fast again
a. not to drive b. he don’t drive c. not drive d. drive not
11. _________ in a foreign country can be very difficult
a. Live b. Living c. Lived d. To living
12. He _________ very heavily, but he gave it up last year
a. use to smoke b. used to smoke c. used smoking d. usually smoked
13. Lan’s shoes are very dirty. They need _________
a. to clean b. cleaned c. cleaner d. cleaning
14. I asked them to be quiet but they kept _________
a. to talk b. talk c. talking d. to be talked
15. Put that cigarette out! You are not allowed _____ here
11
a. smoking b. smoke cigarettes c. to smoke d. to cigarette smoke
16. They heard him _____ for help
a. to shout b. shouting c. shouted d. shouts
17. My parents weren’t strict with me at all. They _____ me do what I wanted
a. let b. allowed c. made d. agreed
18. School children are looking forward to _________ on holiday
a. go b. be going c. going d. went
19. In general, my father doesn’t mind _________ the housework, but he hates to do the cooking
a. do b. doing c. done d. to do
20. Mr. Minh _________ wearing a crash helmet when he goes somewhere on his motorbike
a. used to b. is used to c. is using d. used

III. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it
1. I don’t find it difficult to get up early in the morning
I am used ___________________________________________________________________________
2. Please don’t play your music so loudly
Would you mind ____________________________________________________________________ ?
3. Ba is interested in telling jokes
Ba enjoys ___________________________________________________________________________
4. Don’t let me forget to phone my sister
Remind _____________________________________________________________________________
5. Would you mind turning the radio down?
Could you ___________________________________________________________________________
6. Please don’t interrupt me all the time
Would you mind _____________________________________________________________________
7. We don’t eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead
Instead of ___________________________________________________________________________
8. He looks order when he wears glasses
Glasses make ________________________________________________________________________
9. My father said I could use his car
My father allowed ____________________________________________________________________
10. Sue is excited about going to Spain on holiday
Sue is looking________________________________________________________________________
11. I would like you to help me put the chair away
Do you mind _______________________________________________________________________ ?
12. I’m always nervous when I travel by air
Travelling __________________________________________________________________________
13. The sudden noise caused me to jump
The sudden noise made ________________________________________________________________
14. Betty let Karen keep the kitten
Betty allowed ________________________________________________________________________
15. It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour
It’s better to avoid ____________________________________________________________________
16. Don’t stop him doing what he wants
Let ________________________________________________________________________________
17. At first I didn’t want to apply for the job but Sarah persuaded me
Sarah persuaded _____________________________________________________________________
18. My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police
My lawyer advised ____________________________________________________________________
19. They got married. They didn’t tell any of their friends
They got married without_______________________________________________________________
20. He was sorry he hadn’t said goodbye to her at the airport
He regretted _________________________________________________________________________

12
 UNIT 8. IF CLAUSE & WISH
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. It’s a very nice drink. I’m sure you would like it if you _________ it?
a. tested b. ate c. tried d. surveyed
2. If you have a map along, you _________ get lost
a. will b. will not c. wouldn’t d. would
3. “Why didn’t you attend the party?”. “- I would have gone if I _________ time”
a. have had b. had c. had had d. would have
4. If I lived by the sea, I _________ a lot of swimming
a. would do b. will do c. do d. did
5. Water freezes if the temperature _________ below zero
a. fall b. will fall c. falls d. fell
6. If I _________ Prime Minister, I’d have many schools built
a. am b. were c. had been d. will be
7. _________ we hurry, we’ll miss the bus
a. if b. if not c. unless d. even if
8. What _________ you do if you _________ a King?
a. will/are b. would/were c. would have/had been d. would/had been
9. If he _________ come soon, I’m not going to wait
a. isn’t b. didn’t c. doesn’t d. hasn’t
10. I wish I _________ in a big house with a beautiful garden
a. lived b. live c. living d. am living
11. If it rains this evening, I _________ go out
a. don’t b. won’t c. am not d. shalln’t
12. _________ the salary meets my expectations, I will accept the job offer
a. Therefore b. Although c. If d. So
13. The world’s population will continue to rise _________ we don’t do anything about it
a. if b. however b. how d. unless
14. I _________ any classes if I were you
a. won’t miss b. don’t miss c. wouldn’t miss d. didn’t miss
15. If the weather _________ worse, we won’t go to the beach
a. would get b. gets c. got d. will get
16. I wish I _________ a car. I’m tired of catching the bus to work every day
a. will have b. had c. had had d. have
17. _________ I were you, I would take a taxi to the airport
a. Unless b. Because c. When d. If
18. I wish you _________ to the theatre last night, but you didn’t
a. came b. was coming c. would come d. had come
19. The weather was terrible. I wish it _________ warmer
a. were b. was c. has been d. had been
20. if I had time, I _________ to the beach with you this weekend
a. will go b. will have gone c. would have gone d. would go
II. Complete the sentence with correct form of the word given:
1. If I had a typewriter, I (type) _________ it myself
2. If I (know) _________ his telephone number, I’d give it to you
3. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) _________ it with my own eyes
4. If you (arrive) _________ ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat
5. I (not buy) _________that coat if I (be) _________ you
5. If she had asked you, you (accept) _________ ?
6. This soup isn’t very good. It (taste) _________ better if it (not be) _________ so salty
7. I took a txi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad. It (be) _________ quicker if I (walk) _________
8. She wishes her father (be) _________ here now to help her
9. I wish you (not give) _________ them my phone number yesterday
10. I wish someone (give) _________ me a job next month
13
11. If only I (have) _________ more time to do this job
12. He missed an exciting football match on TV last night. He wishes he (watch) _________ it
13. Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If he (miss) it, he (be) late for his interview
14. I wish she (come) _________ to see me yesterday
15. I must hurry. My friend will be annoyed if I (not be) _________ on time
III. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa
If _________________________________________________________________________________
2. We didn’t go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money
If _________________________________________________________________________________
3. What a pity you failed your driving test!
I wish ______________________________________________________________________________
4. I’m sorry I missed your birthday party
I wish ______________________________________________________________________________
5. Unless someone has a key, we can’t get into the house
We can ____________________________________________________________________________
6. He’s sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party
He wishes __________________________________________________________________________
7. Unless he phones immediately, he won’t get any information
If he _______________________________________________________________________________
8. Mr. Will lost his job because he was late every day
If Mr. Will __________________________________________________________________________
9. My husband didn’t leave the car keys, so I couldn’t pick him up at the station
If __________________________________________________________________________________
10. He didn’t hurry, so he missed the train
If __________________________________________________________________________________
11. We didn’t go because it rained
If __________________________________________________________________________________
12. I’m sorry that I didn’t finish my homework last night
I wish ______________________________________________________________________________
13. The child will die if nobody sends for a doctor
Unless ______________________________________________________________________________
14. Susan felt sick because she ate 4 cream cakes
If __________________________________________________________________________________
15. Maria didn’t apply for the job in the library and regrets it now
Maria wishes ________________________________________________________________________
16. John is fat because he eats so many chips
If John _____________________________________________________________________________
17. It’s a pity I didn’t take my doctor’s advice
I wish ______________________________________________________________________________
18. The accident happened because the train driver ignored a warning light
If __________________________________________________________________________________
19. We got lost because we didn’t have a map
If __________________________________________________________________________________
20. Mrs. Taylor doesn’t like living in such a small house
Mrs. Taylor wishes ___________________________________________________________________
21. If Joe doesn’t change his ways, he will end up in prison
Unless ______________________________________________________________________________
22. If he doesn’t work harder, he’ll lose his job
Unless ______________________________________________________________________________
23. Elizabeth got a bad cold because she started smoking cigarettes
If Elizabeth _________________________________________________________________________
24. Joan will stay on at school unless she finds a good job before September
If Joan______________________________________________________________________________

14
 UNIT 9. PASSIVE VOICE & CAUSATIVE FORM
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. Mickey Mouse Cartoons _________ into sixty languages
a. have translated b. translated
c. have been translated d. were being translated
2. Today many kinds of electric devices _________ in Japan
a. produced b. were produced c. are produced d. will produce
3. The room _________ when I arrived
a. was cleaning b. is cleaned c. was cleaned d. was being cleaned
4. Oh, No! My camera isn’t here. It _________ stolen!
a. has been b. is c. is being d. has
5. Fiat _________ a group of Italian businessmen
a. is started for b. is started by c. was started by d. was started for
6. Unless we can find new sources of energy, our life will certainly _________
a. affect b. be affected c. affected d. be affecting
7. The World Health Organization _________ in 1948 in order to carry out medical research and
improve international health care
a. was established b. had established c. established d. had been established
8. This atlas _________ in the classroom yesterday
a. wsa leaving b. left c. was left d. leaves
9. Glass is usually _________ sand
a. made from b. made of c. made by d. made with
10. The manager _________ the cheque recently
a. has been signed b. has signed c. sign d. signed
11. I’m going to have my house _____________ this weekend
a. redecorates b. redecorating c. rederacoted d. redecorate
12. Dad, I want to have my bike _________. It looks so ugly
a. to repaint b. repaint c. repainted d. repainting
13. My children had many photographs _________ while we were on our vacation
a. taking b. take c. taken d. took
14. I’m going to have the mechanic _________ my car tomorrow
a. will be repaired b. repair c. repaired d. to be repaired
15. I’m going to go out and _________
a. have made my dress b. have my dress made
c. let my dress made d. my dress be made
II. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets
1. Toshico had her car (repair) _________ by a mechanic
2. Ellon got Marvin (type) _________ her paper
3. We got our house (paint) _________ last week
4. Dr. Byrd is having the students (write) _________ a composition
5. Mark got his transcripts (send) _________ to the university
6. Maria is having her hair (cut) _________ tomorrow
7. Will Mr. Brown have the porter (carry) _________ his luggage to his car?
8. My sister has had a new dress (make) _________ recently
9. The Wilsons won’t have a new house (build) _________ on that corner next month
10. The President had his advisors (arrange) _________ a press conference
III. Turn the following sentences into the passive voice or the active voice
1. They can’t make tea with cold water ___________________________________________________
2. They will hold the meeting before May Day _____________________________________________
3. They have to repair the engine of the car ________________________________________________
4. The teacher is going to tell a story _____________________________________________________
5. Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife ______________________________________________
6. Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name ________________________________________________
7. No one believes his story ____________________________________________________________
15
8. After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board ________________________________
9. They have provided the victims with food and clothing _____________________________________
10. The chief enginer was instructing all the workers of the plant _______________________________
11. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books _________________________________________
12. Someone will tell him that news ______________________________________________________
13. They paid me a lot of money to do the job ______________________________________________
14. Open your book.___________________________________________________________________
15. Take off your hat. __________________________________________________________________
16. Don’t do that silly thing again. _______________________________________________________
17. Have they changed the window of the laboratory ________________________________________
18. Do they teach English here? _________________________________________________________
19. Will you invite her to your wedding party? _____________________________________________
20. Did the teacher give some exercises ___________________________________________________
21. Is she making big cakes for the party __________________________________________________
22. Why didn’t they help him? __________________________________________________________
23. How many games has the team played? ________________________________________________
24. Where do people speak English? _____________________________________________________
25. Who are they keeping in the kitchen? __________________________________________________
26. Who looked after the children for you? _________________________________________________
27. These exersice were done well _______________________________________________________
28. This dress must be washed in cold water _______________________________________________
29. The lessons are being written by the students now ________________________________________
30. These animals at the zoo are fed twice a day ____________________________________________
31. All the arrangements have been made _________________________________________________
32. When was this radio manufactured? ___________________________________________________
33. How are candles made? ____________________________________________________________
34. Is Mathematics taught in this school? __________________________________________________
35. Were you taught how to apply this theory by your teachers? ________________________________
IV. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. The architect has drawn plans for an extension of the house
Plans ______________________________________________________________________________
2. They haven’t cleaned the streets this week. The streets ____________________________________
3. No one has signed this cheque. This cheque _____________________________________________
4. He couldn’t repair the broken vase. The _________________________________________________
5. They’ll have to change the date of the meeting again
The date ____________________________________________________________________________
6. The robber made the bank manager hand over the money
The bank manager ____________________________________________________________________
7. The postman was bitten by our dog. Our dog _____________________________________________
8. They will catch all the prisoners again by tonight. All the prisoners ___________________________
9. Sally was given a microcomputer for her birthday by her parents
Sally’s parents _______________________________________________________________________
10. Someone has stolen my bike. My bike ________________________________________________
11. The mechanic serviced my car last week. I _____________________________________________
12. They don’t eat the cake because it is very bad. The cake __________________________________
13. The garage is going to repair the car for us next week
We ________________________________________________________________________________
14. Somebody repaired her car yesterday. She ______________________________________________
15. That old house at the end of the road has been sold
They _______________________________________________________________________________
16. My suit needs to be cleaned before the interview. I must __________________________________
17. Mr. Dryden mended the washing machine for me
I had ______________________________________________________________________________
18. People speak English in Australia. English _____________________________________________

16
 REVISION: TENSE, IF, VERB PATTERN, PASSIVE VOICE
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets:
1. You can use my phone if yours (not work) _________
2. I suddenly felt an insect (crawl) up my leg _________
3. You ought to get your watch (repair) _________
4. She couldn’t get into the house because she (lose) _________ the key
5. Please don’t disturb him. He (work) _________
6. I was very tired. I tried (keep) _________ my eyes open but I couldn’t
7. He looks so funny. Whenever I see him, I can’t help (smile) _________
8. Morris got his dog (bring) _________ him the paper
9. I am looking forward to (see) _________ Hai again
10. I (have) _________ my house (paint) _________. That’s why there is all this mess
11. Oh, John. I (look) _________ for you everywhere. Where you (be) _________?
12. Years (pass) _________ since we (begin) _________ school together
13. If you’d like to meet the president, I (arrange) _________ it
14. We (get) _________ there by lunch time if we had caught the ten o’clock train
15. He described the accidents as if he (see) _________ it himself
16. Everyone (stop) _________ laughing when we came in
17. I heard that you (buy) _________ that house and (move) _________ there before you got your
promotion
18. Nobody knew what (happen) _________ the day before
19. How long you (learn) _________ English?
20. Where’s your father? He (work) _________ in the garden
21. Look. The rain (stop) _________
22. If you (be) _________ in my position, what you (do) _________ ?
23. (Walk) _________ over the bridge, I found a fountain pen
24. Don’t let the fire (go) _________ out
25. You can hardly avoid (meet) _________ her if you both work in the same office
26. We’re going to have our luggage (weigh) _________
27. Can you make this old engine (start) _________ ?
28. How long you (work) _________ for that company? Do you like it there?
29. Trees (plant) _________ since it (stop) _________ (rain) _________
30. Where’s Tom? He (play) _________ tennis
31. Somebody (eat) _________ all my biscuits. The packet is empty
32. I (not send) _________ the parcel until I hear from you
33. We don’t recognize him. He (change) _________ a lot
34. I wish I (be) _________ you
35. I (know) _________ him since our schooldays
36. Roger (have) _________ a bath when the phone rang
37. When he arrived, I (make) _________ four phone calls
38. There were some people (row) _________ on the river
39. They planned (settle) _________ down in the country
40. I (buy) _________ a house last year, but I (not sell) _________ my old house yet, so at the moment I
have two houses
41. He (play) _________ football since he (be) _________ ten years old
42. They (build) _________ that bridge when I was here last year. They (not finish) _________ it yet
43. Do you think the grass needs (cut) _________
44. Tom refused (lend) _________ me some money
45. Have you decided what (eat) _________ for dinner this evening?
46. I’m looking forward to (meet) _________ her
47. he is used to (live) alone _________
48. Tom let me (drive) _________ his car yesterday
49. We don’t mind (work) _________ at night
17
50. She (be) _________ a secretary since she (leave) _________ school
51. Look! Here (come) _________ your brother
52. What you (do) _________ yesterday at seven PM?
53. If I (have) _________ the money now, I (buy) _________ a car
54. Would you mind (open) _________ the window?
55. I crossed the street (avoid) _________ (meet) _________ him
56. It’s not worth (worry) _________ about
57. Peter is not here now. If he (be) _________ here now, he (enjoy) _________ the play
58. Yesterday they (come) _________ back home after they (finish) _________ their work
59. When we arrived, he (read) _________ books
60. Their father (be) _________ a teacher of mathematics for 25 years
61. Anna got her paper (type) _________ by a friend
62. He (work) _________ very hard lately
63. The house is much smaller than we (think) _________ at first
64. He refused to admit that he (steal) _________ that bicycle
65. It (be) _________ hours since he left
66. He visited his friend yesterday and found that she (be) _________ out
67. He (move) _________ to Paris last year where he now (live) _________
68. When they (get) _________ to the theater, the play _________ (begin). They (be) _________
twenty minutes late
69. She was late because she (have) _________ an accident
70. We (live) _________ here for the last six months and have decided to move
71. Don’t take the newspaper away, I still (read) _________ it
72. I can’t stand (listen) _________ to their complaints any longer
73. The sun (rise) _________ in the east
74. She (not drink) _________ coffee. She (drink) _________ Coca Cola
75. It (be) _________ often hot in the summer
76. What you (do) _________ every evening?
77. The earth (circle) _________ the sun once every 365 days
78. I (see) her often _________
79. Most rivers (flow) _________ into the sea
80. Vegetarians (not eat) _________ meat
81. Bees (make) _________ honey
82. Rice (not grow) _________ in cold climates
83. Where Martin (come) _________ from? He (be) _________ Scottish
84. Bad driving (cause) _________ many accidents
85. Sue can (speak) _________ Vietnamese very well
86. We usually (go) _________ to the library three times a week, but last week we (go) _________
twice
87. Yesterday, I (be) _________ busy, so I (not have) _________ time to phone you
88. Would you like (come) _________ to dinner tomorrow?
89. Mary usually (wash) _________ her hands before meals
90. How you (get) _________ there yesterday?
91. She (learn) _________ Spanish since she was ten
92. The Greens (go) _________ round the museum when it rained yesterday
93. Please ask them (turn) _________ off the lights
94. I enjoyed (read) _________ the books
95. My father (buy) _________ a new bookshelf yesterday
96. They (live) _________ here for a month
97. We wish she (can) _________ come
98. Rice (plant) _________ in Asia
99. James has his shirts (clean) _________ at the drycleaners
100. George is getting his teachers (give) _________ him a make-up exam

18
 UNIT 10. PREPOSITION
I. Fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition where is necessary
1. I listened ______ the news ______ the radio.
2. I’ll see you ______ 9.00 ______ the morning
3. Don’t tell anyone ______ me
4. I live ______ a flat ______ Paris
5. I’m looking ______ my neighbour’s cat while she’s on holiday
6. I waited twenty minutes ______ a bus yesterday. for
7. What are you doing ______ this evening?
8. She arrived ______ England two years ago
9. I’d like to book a table ______ twelve ______ 6:30 this evening
10. I’m going ______ home
11. I spoke ______ Mary a few days ago
12. My sister’s coming to stay ______ December 19
13. The differences ______ British English and American English are small
14. She’s arriving ______ Monday
15. Janet doesn’t take good ______ himself
16. It’s very cold here ______ night
17. I never work ______ the weekend
18. I’m a little short ______ money
19. School starts ______ September 5th
20. I’ll see you ______ lunchtime
21. I normally go to the south of France ______ the winter. I usually go ______ December, but ______
last December I couldn’t go because my wife was ill
22. We are ashamed ______ his behaviour
23. Mr. Smith is not accustomed ______ hot weather
24. My home is far ______ school
25. Ken was proud ______ his good marks on English
26. My plan is similar ______ your, but it is different ______ Ken’s
27. We’ll leave ______ eleven o’clock ______ Saturday morning
28. Shall we visit George ______ Spain ______ next April?
29. I always drink two cups of coffee ______ breakfast. ______ the afternoon, I drink tea. I drink hot
milk ______ night before I go to bed
30. They play golf ______ every Tuesday ______ the summer
31. I gave her a painting ______ her birthday ______ June this year
32. The children are playing ______ the grass ______ the park
33. Does this bus stop ______ the railway station?
34. I live in a flat ______ the fifth floor
35. There is a queue of people ______ the bus stop
36. My mother is always busy ______ her housework
37. The air at the seaside is good ______ health
38. My friend is good ______ Maths and Physics
39. I put the books ______ the table
40. The butter is ______ the fridge
41. We are grateful ______ our teacher
42. The beach is full ______ tourists in summer
43. I met her ______ the party
44. She works ______ Moscow
45. The dictionary is ______ my desk
46. I left my books ______ school
47. There was still a lot of snow ______ the ground when I arrived
48. He lives ______ a very nice area
49. She always agrees ______ everything he says
50. I apologize ______ keeping you waiting
19
II. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. The children were afraid _________ upsetting their parents
a. of b. to c. with d. in
2. Uncle Ho spent all his life fighting _________ the Independence of our country
a. for b. over c. against d. with
3. Valentine’s Day is celebrated _________ February 14
a. in b. at c. on d. to
4. I’ll have to take these books _________ to the library
a. on b. with c. back d. off
5. I believe _________ what he said
a. in b. on c. with d. into
6. English is spoken all _________ the world
a. over b. in c. above d. on
7. She _________ on talking although I wasn’t listening
a. got b. looked c. put d. went
8. You should always do your best to get along _________ other people
a. about b. with c. into d. to
9. He likes to take _________ in sports, not only to watch it
a. place b. practice c. exercise d. part
10. That car is different _________ mine
a. to b. from c. of d. with
11. He died _________ hunger and cold
a. with b. by c. of d. for
12. After his long absence from school, he found it dificult to _________ up with the rest of his class
a. take b. make c. work d. catch
13. She isn’t _________ well with the new manager
a. getting on b. going on c. keeping on d. taking on
14. I am not good _________ mathematics
a. for b. with c. in d. at
15. My wife will return to Bangkok _________ the fifth of March
a. in b. on c. at d. during
16. Did you come _________ car?
a. with b. in c. of d. by
17. I think we can meet _____________ the bus stop
a. on b. at c. in d. behind
18. It happened _____________ lunch-time _____________ Friday
a. at/in b. at/on c. in/on d. on/at
19. The train has to go _____________ three tunnels
a. across b. along c. through d. under
20. That student over there – the one _____________ the blonde hair
a. in the blonde hair b. in blonde hair c. blonde haired d. with the blonde hair
21. It was very late but _____________ last we reached the hotel
a. in the b. at the c. in d. at
22. What time did they arrive _____________ the airport?
a. at b. in c. on d. to
23. She learnt French _____________ listening to tapes
a. by b. for c. on d. with
24. The rooms were full _____________ old furniture
a. of b. with c. from d. off
25. “Don’t forget to take _____________ your shoes when you are in a Japanese house
a. in b. off c. up d. apart
26. Who’s going to look _____________ the children while you’re away?
a. up b. after c. over d. at

20
 UNIT 11. COMPARISON
I. Forming comparatives and superlatives:

happy happier happiest thin

beautiful busy
new patient
neat young
hot bad
good comfortable
handsome rude
mean sad
generous large

II. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs in brackets
1. Mary is (pretty) ________________ as her sister
2. A new house is (expensive) ________________ than an old one
3. His job is (important) ________________ than mine
4. Of the foour ties, I like the red one (well) ________________
5. Nobody is (happy) ________________ than Miss Snow
6. Today English is the (international) ________________ of language
7. John is much (strong) ________________ than I thought
8. Benches are (comfortable) ________________ than arm-chairs
9. Bill is (good) ________________ than you thought
10. Mr. Bush is the (delightful) ________________ person I have ever know
11. Bill is (lazy) ________________ and (lazy) ________________
12. It becomes (hard) ________________ and (hard) ________________ to find a job
13. As the conversation went on, he became (talkative) ________________
14. As I waited for my interview, I became (nervous) ________________
15. Is the book (interesting) ________________ than the one you read last week?

III. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:

1. This is the _________ river in the world
a. most long b. longest c. long most d. longer
2. Do you think older people drive _________ than younger people?
a. slow b. slower c. more slow d. more slowly
3. They all dance well, but John dances _________
a. better b. more good c. the better d. the best
4. Your computer is more expensive than _________
a. me b. my c. mine d. myself
5. My car isn’t very new. Your car is _____ than my car
a. newer b. older c. not new d. less new
6. Who is _____ in your class?
a. the interlligentest b. the most intelligent
c. more intelligent d. the more intelligent
7. His mother is older than she _____
a. likes b. looks like c. looks d. is like
8. The winter is coming, it is getting _________
a. more cold b. the more cold c. colder and colder d. the most cold
9. Praja returned home as _________ as he could
a. quick b. quicker c. quickest d. quickly
10. This is _________ elephant I have ever seen
a. the biggest b. most big c. the most big d. bigger
11. He ran _________ than his friend
21
a. fastest b. faster c. fast d. more fast
12. This summer is not as hot _________ last summer
a. as b. than c. to d. like
13. “Could you talk _________ ? I’m learning my lessons”
a. as quietly b. so quietly c. more quietly d. most quietly
14. It is _________ to talk about a problem than to solve it
a. more easier b. easier c. easy d. easiest
15. Jim is five centimeters _________ than Tom
a. higher b. taller c. tallest d. tall
16. Winning a place at university _________ for most students
a. has become as difficult b. becomes the most difficulty
c. is becoming more and more difficult d. will become more difficult
17. The more you study, _________
a. the more knowledge do you gain b. you will gain more knowledge
c. the more knowledge you gain d. you are the more knowledgeable
18. The people here are _________ than I expected
a. more nice b. most nice c. nicer d. nicest
19. My new boss isn’t as rude _________ my own boss
a. as b. so c. than d. that
20. She was _________ friendly person I’ve ever met
a. the least b. less c. less and less d. so

IV. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it
1. Jane can swim further than I can
I can’t ______________________________________________________________________________
2. My sister can’t cook as well as my mother does
My mother can _______________________________________________________________________
3. I don’t play tennis as well as my brother does
My brother __________________________________________________________________________
4. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges
Apples are not _______________________________________________________________________
5. Cats can’t swim as well as dogs can
Dogs can____________________________________________________________________________
6. The dress is cheaper than the skirt
The dress is not ______________________________________________________________________
7. Peter is the tallest boy in his class
No one _____________________________________________________________________________
8. Nobody in the class is cleverer than Sally
Sally is _____________________________________________________________________________
9. Have you got a cheaper carpet than this?
Is this ______________________________________________________________________________
10. They understand more than we do
We don’t ___________________________________________________________________________
11. Tom is the best football player in this team
Nobody_____________________________________________________________________________
12. Nothing is faster than the speed of light
The speed of light_____________________________________________________________________
13. His mother is taller than his father
His father is not ______________________________________________________________________
14. She’s a faster and more careless driver than I am
She drives __________________________________________________________________________
15. Jane is a better cook than Robert
Robert can’t _________________________________________________________________________

22
 UNIT 12. RELATIVE CLAUSE
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. The scientist _________ invention was a success became famous
a. who b. whose c. which d. that
2. The man _________ you met at the party was a famous film star
a. who b. that c. whom d. all are correct
3. My neighbour, _________ brother is an actor, gave me some theatre tickets
a. who b. whom c. which d. whose
4. We are talking about the writer _________ latest book is one of the best-sellers this year
a. which b. who c. whom d. whose
5. The people _________ called me yesterday want to buy your house
a. who b. whose c. whom d. which
6. A newspaper _________ is published everyday is called a daily newspaper
a. who b. which c. that d. b and c
7. That is the man _________ told me the bad news
a. who b. whom c. whose d. which
8. Bologna in Northern Italy is the place _________ Guglielmo Marconi was born
a. there b. where c. what d. which
9. The boy _________ eyes are brown is my friend
a. who b. whose c. which d. whom
10. My uncle _________ you met yesterday is a lawyer
a. which b. what c. whose d. whom

II. Fill the blanks with Relative pronoun or Relative adverbs, put commas when they are needed
1. The book _________ I need can’t be found in the library
2. Here is the beach _________ is the safest for swimmers
3. Do you know the American woman _________ name is Margaret Mitchell?
4. Jim _________ I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends
5. That woman _________ name I don’t remember is a doctor
6. Children enjoy reading the books _________ have coloured pictures
7. The noise _________ he met woke everybody up
8. I know a place _________ roses grow in abundance
9. We must find a time _________ we can meet and a place _________ we can talk
10. The teacher with _________ we studied last year no longer teaches in our school
11. Mr. Brown _________ is only 34 is the director of this company
12. Let me see all the letters _________ you have written
13. Is there anyone _________ can help me do this?
14. Alexander Flemming _________ discovered penicillin received the Nodel Prize in 1945
15. We saw many soldiers and tanks _________ were moving to the front

III. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it
1. Jane is the president of the club
The girl who ________________________________________________________________________
2. The man that we are talking about is a famous scientist
The man ___________________________________________________________________________
3. The tree that we picked these fruits from is in front of the house
The tree ____________________________________________________________________________
4. The city that we were born in is very large
The city ____________________________________________________________________________
5. Do you remember the day? We first met on that day
Do you _____________________________________________________________________________

23
III. Combine each pair of sentences below
1. The officer wasn’t very friendly. I spoke to him yesterday
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. The dog was very frightened. The boys threw stones at it
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. The road was built in 1980. We are driving on it
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Did you see the letter? It came yesterday morning
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. The man called the police. His wallet was stolen
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. I love my parents’ house. I was born in that house
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. The town is small. I grew up there
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. I’ll never forget the day. I first met you then
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it
___________________________________________________________________________________
11. This is the house. We often stay in this house in the summer
___________________________________________________________________________________
12. This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year
___________________________________________________________________________________
13. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it
___________________________________________________________________________________
14. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday
___________________________________________________________________________________
15. I like standing at the window. I can see the park from this window
___________________________________________________________________________________
16. I do not know the reason. She left school for it
___________________________________________________________________________________
17. The police want to know the hotel. Mr.Foster stayed there two weeks ago
___________________________________________________________________________________
18. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night
___________________________________________________________________________________
19. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate
___________________________________________________________________________________
20. The woman was a secretary. We were waiting for her.
___________________________________________________________________________________
21. Sandra works in advertising. You were talking to her
___________________________________________________________________________________
22. The man is very young. You are driving his car
___________________________________________________________________________________
23. Who is the woman? Our teacher is talking to her?
___________________________________________________________________________________
24. The day was rainy. She left on that day
___________________________________________________________________________________
25. The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there
___________________________________________________________________________________
26. That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name
___________________________________________________________________________________

24
 UNIT 13. ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. The baby _________ as she played with her toys
a. laughed happy b. happily laughs c. laughed happily d. happy laughed
2. Mary looks very _________
a. success b. successful c. successfully d. succeeded
3. We _________ for work
a. are never late b. are late never c. late are never d. never are late
4. Nick sounded _____ when I spoke to him on the phone
a. angily b. nervously c. angry d. anger
5. Don’t go up that ladder. It doesn’t look _____
a. safely b. safe c. well d. better
6. Do you feel _____ before the examination?
a. nervous b. badly c. nervously d. All are correct
7. She got so _________ while watching the match on TV that she began shouting
a. exciting b. excited c. excitingly d. excitedly
8. The film was so _____ that I felt _____ and asleep
a. bored/boring b. boring/boring c. boring/bored d. bored/bored
9. The operation was _________ and she got better quickly
a. successful b. success c. succeeding d. succeeded
10. Fresh air is _________ for our health
a. usefully b. using c. use d. useful
11. I feel so _________ and sleepy today because I worked late tonight
a. tiring b. tire c. tiredness d. tired
12. Miss White sang very _________ at my birthday party last night
a. beauty b. beautify c. beautifully d. beautiful
13. The sick man still finds it _________ to stand without support
a. comforting b. discomfort c. uncomfortable d. comfortable
14. We thought the film was _________
a. very bored b. much boring c. very boring d. much bored
15. Jane drives carefully but her sister drives _________
a. fastly b. very fast c. more quick d. very quick
16. The way she said that made me _________
a. extreme angrily b. angrily extreme c. extremely angry d. angry extremely
17. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was _________ journey
a. three hour b. a three-hours c. a three-hour d. three hours
18. All this sunshine is quite _________
a. surprise b. surprising c. surprised d. surprisingly
19. We felt _________ when we lost
a. disappointedly b. disappointing c. disappoint d. disappointed
20. She’s very _________ about what to do
a. confused b. confuse c. confusing d. confusedly
II. Complete the sentence with correct form of the word given:
1. Tom always does his homework ______________ (careful)
2. He is a very ______________ student (care)
3. This pen does not work ______________ (good)
4. These exercises seem rather ______________ for us (easily)
5. My brother plays tennis ______________. I am a ______________ tennis player, too (good)
6. You should drive more ______________ along this road (slow)
7. Our kite is flying ______________ (high)
8. Tom and Dick are ______________ students. They both study very ______________ (serious)
9. Helen works very ______________ in her new job (hard)
10. Mrs. Green always speak ______________ to the children (soft)
25
11. They became ______________ after eating the contaminated food (sickly) (sick)
12. Mrs. Pike welcomed the guests ______________ (sincere)
13. John ______________ denied that he had stolen the documents (angry)
14. Rose is ______________ upset about losing her job (terrible) (terribly)
15. The plane will arrive ______________ (soonly) (soon)
III. Choose the correct word:
1. Are you (interesting/interested) in football?
2. The football match was quite (exciting/excited). I enjoyed it
3. It’s sometimes (embarrassing/embarrassed) when you have to ask people for money
4. Do you usually get (embarrassing/embarrassed)
5. I had never expected to get the job. I was really (amazing/amazed) when I was offered it
6. She has really learnt very fast. She has made (astonishing/astonished) progress
7. I didn’t find the situation funny. I was not (amusing/amused)
8. It was a really (terrifying/terrified). Afterwards everybody was very (shocking/shocked)
9. Why do you always look so (boring/bored)? Is your life really so (boring/bored)
10. He’s one of the most (boring/bored) people I’ve ever met. He never stops talking and he never says
anything (interesting/interested)
11. I (near/nearly) fell off the edge of the platform
12. Sometimes our teacher arrives (late/lately) for class
13. I’m sure the boss thinks very (high/highly) of you
14. Please be (quiet/quietly). I’m reading
15. It was a (bad/badly) match. They played (bad/badly)
IV. Complete the sentences for each situation. Use the word in bracket + ing or –ed
1. The film wasn’t as good as we had expected (disappoint)
a. The film was ______________
b. We were ______________ with the film
2. Diana teaches young children. It’s a very hard job but she enjoys it (exhaust)
a. She enjoys her job but it is often ______________
b. At the end of a day’s work, She is often ______________
3. Clare is going to the Unites States next month. She has never been there before (excite)
a. It will be an ______________ experience for her
b. Going to new places is always ______________
c. She is really ______________ about going to the Unites States
V. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. She teaches English well
She is ______________________________________________________________________________
2. She types with care
She is ______________________________________________________________________________
3. I slept well last night
I had ______________________________________________________________________________
4. Carol Stuart is a good cook and swimmer
Carol Stuart _________________________________________________________________________
5. My grandfather is a lover of music
My grandfather_______________________________________________________________________
6. The train journey from London to Bristol takes 2 hours
It is a ______________________________________________________________________________
7. She is a good singer
She ________________________________________________________________________________
8. It takes six hours to drive from London to Edingburgh
It’s a _______________________________________________________________________________
9. She plays tennis well
She is ______________________________________________________________________________
10. A train leaves at eight o’clock every morning
There is ____________________________________________________________________________

26
UNIT 14. RESULT CLAUSE, PURPOSE CLAUSE, ADJECTIVE PATTERN
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. She is _____ to understand the matter
a. enough intelligent b. so intelligent c. intelligent enough d. very intelligent
2. It was _____ good book that I couldn’t put it down
a. so b. such a c. such d. very
3. I was _____ tired that I went to bed early
a. so b. such a c. such d. very
4. This shirt is _____ big for me. I need a smaller size
a. so b. not c. too d. All are correct
5. Why don’t we sit in the garden? It’s not warm _____ to sit in the garden
a. too b. enough c. such d. much
6. Why did you ask them _____ stupid questions?
a. so b. such a c. such d. All are correct
7. The film was so _________ that we went to bed early
a. tired b. tiring c. boring d. bored
8. My younger sister is not _________ to study overseas
a. old enough b. very old c. enough old d. so old
9. They are not _________ to join the army
a. enough old b. as old c. old enough d. so old
10. Paul was _________ disappointed with his examination results that he was sad all week
a. too b. such c. enough d. so
11. We set off early _________ we wouldn’t get stuck in the traffic
a. because b. so that c. although d. in case
12. They are not _________ to take part in the program of the World Health Organization
a. as old b. enough old c. old enough d. so old
13. Mr. Brown has _________ many patients _________ he is always busy
a. too/that b. very/until c. such/that d. so/that
14. We have to start early _________ we won’t be late
a. so that b. in order that c. in order to d. a and b
15. The coffee was _________ for me to drink
a. hot too b. too hot c. so hot d. such hot
16. The school boys are in a hurry _________ they will not be late for school
a. so as to b. to c. for d. in order that
17. It took _________ time to learn this lesson
a. so b. such c. so many d. so much
18. She came quietly _________ not to wake the baby
a. as if b. so as c. such as d. if so
19. I wonder if you’d be kind enough _____ me
a. helping b. to help c. for helping d. for help
20. The thief wore gloves _________ leave any fingerprints
a. so that b. in order to c. in order not to d. in order to not
II. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. It’s difficult to get a good job.
Getting a good job ____________________________________________________________________
2. His pronunciation is hard to understand.
It’s ________________________________________________________________________________
3. It’s difficult for us to answer this question.
This question ________________________________________________________________________
4. Learning English is interesting.
It is _______________________________________________________________________________
5. We couldn’t answer this question because it was very hard
The question ________________________________________________________________________
27
6. Speaking English fluently is not easy. It _________________________________________________
7. It was impossible to work in that condition.
Working ___________________________________________________________________________
8. I fell asleep because the film was so boring
The film was so ______________________________________________________________________
9. I’m too poor to take a space trip.
I’m not _____________________________________________________________________________
10. He is too short to be a goalkeeper.
He isn’t ____________________________________________________________________________
11. I didn’t want to turn the TV off because it was a very good film
The film was ________________________________________________________________________
12. He spoke so quickly that I couldn’t understand what he said
He spoke ___________________________________________________________________________
13. Mark is too young to see the horror film
Mark is _____________________________________________________________________________
14. He climbed the tree in order to get a better view
He _________________________________________________________________________________
15. You should get up early so that you will have time to review your lesson
You should _________________________________________________________________________
16. We should do morning exercise regularly so as to improve our health
We should __________________________________________________________________________
17. She put on warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold
She ________________________________________________________________________________
18. He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train
He _________________________________________________________________________________
19. Mary went to the library in order that she could borrow some books
Mary _______________________________________________________________________________
20. John gets up early so that he won’t be late for class
John _______________________________________________________________________________
21. We hurried to school so as not to be late
We ________________________________________________________________________________
22. Tom is saving up so that he can buy a new bicycle
Tom is _____________________________________________________________________________
23. He studies hard to pass his exam
He _________________________________________________________________________________
24. The fridge was so heavy that we couldn’t move it
The fridge ___________________________________________________________________________
25. The gate is closed to stop the children running into the road
The gate ____________________________________________________________________________
26. It was such a dirty beach that I decided not to stay
The beach ___________________________________________________________________________
27. The water was so cold that the children could not swim in it
The water __________________________________________________________________________
28.The cake was so hard that I couldn’t eat it
It was ______________________________________________________________________________
29. The children couldn’t go swimming because the sea was very rough
The sea _____________________________________________________________________________
30. Tom is not old enough to drive the car
Tom is _____________________________________________________________________________
31. It was such bad news that Helen burst into tears
The news ___________________________________________________________________________
32. It was so late that nothing could be done
It was ______________________________________________________________________________

28
 UNIT 15. CONJUNCTION
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. I didn’t enjoy the party. – I _________
a. either did b. did neither c. didn’t either d. didn’t neither
2. Their children like circus shows and _________ mine
a. either do b. also does c. do too d. so do
3. Peter couldn’t stay on the horse’s back and neither _________
a. Bob could b. could Bob c. Bob couldn’t d. couldn’t Bon
4. She can’t swim and I can’t _________
a. also b. either c. neither d. too
5. Peter doesn’t like scuba-diving. _________ does his brother
a. Too b. Neither c. Either d. So
6. He hasn't written to us _________ he left.
a. as long as b. since c. by the time d. as soon as
7. We couldn’t sleep last night _________ the noise next door
a. because b. because of c. since d. although
8. We decided to go out for dinner _________ it was raining very heavily
a. because b. despite c. because of d. although
9. People know they should save energy, _________ they still waste it
a. but b. then c. and d. so
10. _________ I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends
a. Although b. Since c. Because of d. So that
11. _________ of going to Spain for their holiday, they went to Holland
a. instead b. because c. in spite d. in case
12. _________ it looks like an easy game, basket ball is a game of great skill and ability
a. despite b. although c. however d. because
13. I left the party early _________ I didn’t feel well
a. until b. as if c. because d. if
14. May I watch the game _________ we are having lunch?
a. between b. while c. during d. just
15. He’s a milkman, _________ he has breakfast at 4 a.m
a. because b. when c. so d. for
16. _________ he got good jobs, he was not satisfied
a. so long as b. in spite of c. owing to d. even though
17. You’ve changed! I didn’t recognize you _________
a. firstly b. at the first c. in the first time d. at first
18. _________ the traffic was bad, I arrived on time.
a. Although b. In spite of c. Despite d. Even
19. Take a map with you _________ you lose your way.
a. in case b. so c. because d. although
20. He got a new alarm clock _________ he'd get up on time.
a. although b. so that c. since d. so

II. Join each of the following pairs of sentences using the linking words:
1. We enjoyed the holiday. It rained a lot (However, but, although)
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. We didn’t enjoy our holiday. The weather was bad (so, because)
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. We study hard. We can pass the final examination (so that)
___________________________________________________________________________________
4. You can’t speak to Tim. He’s sleeping (so, because)
___________________________________________________________________________________
29
5. I told the absolute truth. No one would believe me (but, athough, however)
___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Simon couldn’t come to the meeting. He was busy (therefore)
___________________________________________________________________________________
7. He has no ticket. He can’t get into the cinema (since)
___________________________________________________________________________________
8. I’m learning French. I like learning French (and)
___________________________________________________________________________________
9. He stayed at home. It rained hard (as)
___________________________________________________________________________________
10. He continued to run. He felt very tired (even though)
___________________________________________________________________________________
11. Nam will pass the exam. He studies hard (if)
___________________________________________________________________________________
12. I had forgot locking the door. I drove to the office this morning (when)
___________________________________________________________________________________
13. She is in London. She is in Berlin, too. (either … or).
___________________________________________________________________________________
14. He wasn’t an idler. He wasn’t a gambler (neither … or).
___________________________________________________________________________________
15. He isn’t likely to be present at the meeting. I’m not either (neithor … nor)
___________________________________________________________________________________
16. The computer can gather facts. It can store them (not only … but also)
___________________________________________________________________________________
17. This prize will mean an honour for him. It will mean an honour for us (not only … but also)
___________________________________________________________________________________
18. He worked hard. He passed all his exams (so, because)
___________________________________________________________________________________
19. Tom didn’t come to the party. Ann didn’t come to the party (Neither … nor)
___________________________________________________________________________________
20. The house is large. It is also clean (both … and)
___________________________________________________________________________________
21. The lesson was long. It was difficult, too (not only … but also)
___________________________________________________________________________________
22. Jean can type. She can speak English, too (either … or)
___________________________________________________________________________________

III. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. Mary doesn’t go to school because she is ill
Because of __________________________________________________________________________
2. Our guests arrived late because of the heavy rain
Because ____________________________________________________________________________
3. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the lesson for him
Because ____________________________________________________________________________
4. This boy is ignorant because he is lazy
Because of __________________________________________________________________________
5. My friend was absent because of his illness
Because ____________________________________________________________________________
6. As he has behaved badly, he must be punished
Because of __________________________________________________________________________
7. Although he had a good salary, he was unhappy in his job
In spite ____________________________________________________________________________
8. We went out in spite of the rain
Although ___________________________________________________________________________

30
9. Though he was poor, he wasn’t always unhappy
Despite _____________________________________________________________________________
10. The little boy crossed the street although the traffic was heavy
In spite of __________________________________________________________________________
11. She decided to accept the job although the salary was low
Despite _____________________________________________________________________________
12. Although he had a bad cold, William still went to work
In spite _____________________________________________________________________________
13. Life is short, yet we still waste a lot of time
Though _____________________________________________________________________________
14. In spite of all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong
Although ___________________________________________________________________________
15. In spite of his age, Mr. Bensons runs seven miles before breakfast
Although ___________________________________________________________________________
16. In spite of the bad weather, the pilot will bring the plane down safely
Though ____________________________________________________________________________
17. Cars cause pollution but people still want them
Although ___________________________________________________________________________
18. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car
In spite _____________________________________________________________________________
19. They got wet to the skin because of heavy rain
It rained ____________________________________________________________________________
20. Not having enough money, I didn’t buy the computer
Because I ___________________________________________________________________________
21. The joke was funny, but no one laughed
Although ___________________________________________________________________________
22. The café was crowded, but we found a table
Although ___________________________________________________________________________
23. Since he was careless, Tim lost his job
Because of __________________________________________________________________________
24. She was seriously ill but she enjoyed life very much
Although ___________________________________________________________________________
25. He crashed his car although he drove carefully
Despite ____________________________________________________________________________
26. Although the weather was very hot, they continued playing football
In spite of __________________________________________________________________________
27. Peter can swim and Mary can, too
Peter can swim and so _________________________________________________________________
28. I don’t like horror films and my sister doesn’t, either
I don’t like horror films and neither ______________________________________________________
29. John hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and neither have I
John hasn’t seen the new movie yet, and __________________________________________________
30. Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister
Jane goes to that school, and ____________________________________________________________
31. Jane and my sister go to that school
Jane goes to that school, and ____________________________________________________________
32. You and I aren’t happy.
You aren’t happy, and _________________________________________________________________
33. I don’t speak French and neither do my brothers
I don’t speak French and _______________________________________________________________
34. She has studied Spanish and her friend has, too
She has studied Spanish and ____________________________________________________________
35. Thomas doesn’t know that word and his brother doesn’t, either
Thomas doesn’t know that word and _____________________________________________________

31
 UNIT 16. QUESTION TAGS
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. She’s finished the course, _________?
a. isn’t she b. doesn’t she c. didn’t she d. hasn’t she
2. Let’s go out for dinner, _________?
a. do we b. don’t we c. will we d. shall we
3. You’ve never had a girlfriend before, _________ you?
a. haven’t b. have c. had d. hadn’t
4. You have tea for breakfast, _________ you?
a. didn’t b. haven’t c. don’t d. won’t
5. You stopped at the traffic lights, _________ you?
a. don’t b. do c. did d. didn’t
6. Many young people want to work for a humanitarian organization, _________ ?
a. doesn’t it b. does it c. didn’t they d. don’t they
7. You haven’t met each other, _________?
a. have you b. do you c. did you d. will you
8. John gave you the book yesterday, _________?
A did he b. didn’t he c. did John d. didn’t it
9. You don’t know where she is, _________?
a. don’t you b. do you c. isn’t she d. is she
10. You can speak English, _________ ?
a. can’t you b. can you c. do you d. don’t you

II. Put a question tag on the end of these sentences:

1. You have heard about that, ________________ ?
2. Nam did the work well, ________________ ?
3. He didn’t have to speak to me, ________________ ?
4. He won’t fall down, ________________ ?
5. You wouldn’t like the window open, ________________ ?
6. He used to beat his wife, ________________ ?
7. She came very late, ________________ ?
8. Come and see me tomorrow, ________________ ?
9. That’s the sort of thing you would do, ________________ ?
10. I’d better go, ________________ ?
11. There’s an examination tomorrow, ________________ ?
12. She’s been studying English for two years, ________________ ?
13. You can’t play tennis today, ________________ ?
14. It is surely sunny today, ________________ ?
15. Beverly will be attending the university in September, ________________ ?
16. I’m never called “Scholar”, ________________ ?
17. No one has come here, ________________ ?
18. Eveybody can learn how to swim, ________________ ?
19. His family often have tea for breakfast, ________________ ?
20. She never works on Sundays, ________________ ?

32
 UNIT 17. EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY, INDEFINITE PRONOUN
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. Hurry up! We’ve only got _________ time
a. few b. a few c. little d. much
2. Andy spent _________ money at the supemarket
a. many b. a lot of c. a number d. too
3. I am bored. I want to go _____ tonight
a. nice somewhere b. somewhere nice c. nice place d. a nice place
4. Close your eyes. I have _____ for you
a. some b. something c. anything d. one
5. I didn’t see _____ in front of me, but I heard _____ running behind me
a. no one/anyone b. someone/no one c. anyone/someone d. anyone/no one
6. I’ve lost my keys. I can’t find them _________
a. anywhere b. some where c. everywhere d. nowhere
7. I want _________ milk today
a. a few b. any c. some d. many
8. He’s always busy. He has _________ time to relax
a. much b. little c. a little d. plenty of
9. They had spent so _________ time on gaining the independence.
a. much b. many c. a lot d. very
10. I paid _________ money for a new house
a. many b. a few c. few d. a lot of
11. They spent _________ time studying victorian literature
a. few b. many c. much d. a few
12. There are _________ organizations to help the deaf and the blind
a. much b. a little c. many d. little
13. I'm very busy at the moment so it may take a _________ time to answer your letters.
a. little b. few c. small d. some
14. Very _________ people knew about it.
a. few b. a few c. much d. little
15. Thank you for bringing me along. I never thought Shakespeare could be so _________ fun.
a. many b. much c. few d. some

II. Complete the sentences:

1. She didn’t tell _________ about her plans
2. The accident looked serious but fortunately _________ was injured
3. “What’s in the box?” “_________. It’s empty”
4. I was too surprised to say _________
5. You must be hungry. Would you like _________ to eat
6. There’s _________ at the door. Can you go and see who it is
7. “Ouch! There’s _________ in my eye”. “Let me have a look. I can’t see _________
8. I’m bored. I want _____ interesting to read, or _____ interesting to talk to, or ______ interesting to go
9. I don’t have _____ money in the bank, but my brother has _____
10. I enjoy my life here. I have _____ friends and we meet quite often
11. The theatre was almost empty. There were very _____ people there
12. How _____ English words have you learnt so far?
13. How _____ money did you spend on your last your trip?
14. There weren’t _____ people at the lecture last Friday
15. We needn’t hurry. We’ve got _____ time
16. The children are making too _____ noise
17. Did you drink _____ beer at the party last night?
18. Hurry or we’ll be late. We have very _____ time
19. _____ people are afraid of snakes
20. Can you speak French? Just _____

33
 UNIT 18. INVERSION
Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. So many people have never been unemployed as today
Never ______________________________________________________________________________
2. This boy will no longer make the same mistakes
No longer __________________________________________________________________________
3. He rarely met such a beautiful film star
Rarely _____________________________________________________________________________
4. She no longer spends most time talking care of her baby
No longer __________________________________________________________________________
5. My father had no sooner got home than the rain began to fall
No sooner __________________________________________________________________________
6. As soon as the teacher came in, they stopped talking
No sooner __________________________________________________________________________
7. He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk
No sooner __________________________________________________________________________
8. She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her
Hardly _____________________________________________________________________________
9. That store seldom receives complaints from its customers
Seldom ____________________________________________________________________________
10. He wasn’t here, so he didn’t have a lot of fun
Had _______________________________________________________________________________
11. Because the weather isn’t fine now, we can’t go for a walk
Were ______________________________________________________________________________
12. I would go to Dalat if I could take a trip this summer
Could ______________________________________________________________________________
13. She rarely smiles at me
Rarely ______________________________________________________________________________
14. My teacher is no longer teaching in this school
No longer __________________________________________________________________________
15. You will hardly finish your work before it’s dark
Hardly _____________________________________________________________________________
16. You can buy this book only in this shop
Only _______________________________________________________________________________
17. This rich man seldom helps the poor
Seldom _____________________________________________________________________________
18. Martin had no sooner sat down than the telephone rang
No sooner ___________________________________________________________________________
19. He never smokes in bed
Never ______________________________________________________________________________
20. He not only refused to help me but he also laughed at me
Not only ___________________________________________________________________________

34
 UNIT 19. REPORTED SPEECH
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. She said that she _________ him the previous day
a. had visited b. has visited c. will visit d. would visit
2. He said that he _________ me there at 4.30 this afternoon.
a. would meet b. met c. will meet d. meets
3. The salesman was telling me that he _________ ten cars last week.
a. sold b. had sold c. would sell d. has sold
4. Did Bob say that he _________ from Princeton in 1951?
a. would graduate b. graduates c. has graduated d. had graduated
5. Some _________ the tickets are free
a. said me b. said me that c. told me d. told to me
6. “I’ll do it tomorrow”. He said he’d do it _________
a. the following day b. tomorrow c. today d. the previous day
7. The librarian asked us _________
a. don’t make b. not make c. not making d. not to make
8. What did the man say _________ ?
a. at you b. for you c. to you d. you
9. I wonder _________ the tickets are on sale yet
a. what b. when c. where d. whether
10. When I rang Tessa sometime, she said she was busy _________ day
a. that b. the c. then d. this
11. When he was at Oliver’s flat yesterday, Martin asked if he _________ use the phone
a. can b. could c. may d. must
12. She _________ her holiday in Finland
a. said me about b. told about c. said about d. told me about
II. Put the following sentences into indirect speech:
1.The pupils said to their teacher “Please give us better marks”
The pupils asked _____________________________________________________________________
2. “Don’t come back before one o’clock” advised my brother
My brother advised ___________________________________________________________________
3. “Cook it in butter” Mrs. Brown said to her daughter
Mrs. Brown told _____________________________________________________________________
4. “Don’t forget to send your parents my regards” She said to me
She told me _________________________________________________________________________
5. John said “I have finished studying my lesson”
John said____________________________________________________________________________
6. Johnny said to his mother: “I don’t know how to do this exercise”
Johnny said__________________________________________________________________________
7. Mary said “ I can not go to the movies with you, John”
Mary said __________________________________________________________________________
8. “We are waiting for the school bus” said the children
The children said _____________________________________________________________________
9. My friend said “Are you going to leave tomorrow?”
My friend asked ______________________________________________________________________
10. “Did you phone me yesterday?” Tom asked Mary
Tom asked __________________________________________________________________________
11. I asked the policeman “Do you know how far it is to the station?”
I asked _____________________________________________________________________________
12. I asked Bill “What time did you go to bed last night?”
I asked _____________________________________________________________________________
13. The traveller asked “How long does it take to get to London?”
The traveller asked ___________________________________________________________________
14. He asked me “Why didn’t you come to class yesterday?”
35
He asked ___________________________________________________________________________
15. The teacher asked “Which book are you taking, John?
The teacher asked ____________________________________________________________________
III. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Ann to her mother
Ann asked___________________________________________________________________________
2. “Where has he been?” She doesn’t know that
She doesn’t know _____________________________________________________________________
3. “I’m sorry that I broke the glass”, said Peter
Peter apologised ______________________________________________________________________
4. The doctor told him that he worked too hard
“You _______________________________________________________________________________
5. “Keep away from the sea”, said the security guard, when we approached the fence
The security guard told ________________________________________________________________
6. She wanted to know if he had studied French
She asked him: _______________________________________________________________________
7. “Bring your swimming things in case it’s sunny
He told _____________________________________________________________________________
8. “You should take science appreciation courses at school”
The lady – researcher advised us _________________________________________________________
9. “How many students are there in your class?”
The man asked me ____________________________________________________________________
10. “You should take more exercise, Mr Rogerts”, the doctor said, “if you want to lose weight”
The doctor advised ____________________________________________________________________
11. She asked John how he liked her new dress
“How ______________________________________________________________________________
12. “How long has it been since you left this city, Bob?”
He wanted to know ___________________________________________________________________
13. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?”, thought the officer manager
The officer manager wondered __________________________________________________________
14. “Please don’t drive so fast” Ann begged her boyfriend
Ann pleaded _________________________________________________________________________
15. “John, please don’t tell anyone my new address”, said Mary
Mary asked _________________________________________________________________________
16. “Where is the station car-park?” Mrs. Smith asked
Mrs. Smith asked _____________________________________________________________________
17. “How old is your little boy?” said the nurse to Mrs. Bingley
The nurse asked ______________________________________________________________________
18. “I think you should go by train” He told us
He advised us ________________________________________________________________________
19. “How many stars are there in the sky?”
No one knows _______________________________________________________________________
20. The boy said to his sister “Have you ever read a book on space flights?”
The boy asked _______________________________________________________________________
21. “Do you want to insure your luggage or not?
The travel agent asked _________________________________________________________________
22. “Please turn up the volume, Nga” said her grandmother
Nga’s grandmother asked ______________________________________________________________
23. “What are you doing?” She asked me
She asked __________________________________________________________________________
24. “Can you speak English?” Mr. Brown asked
Mr. Brown asked _____________________________________________________________________
25. “What do you usually do in your free time?” the examiner asked
The examiner asked ___________________________________________________________________

36
 UNIT 20. ARTICLE
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. He is _________ engineer.
a. an b. a c. the d. no article
2. My parents are always at _________ home on Sundays.
a. the b. a c. an d. no article
3. What's _________ weather like in winter in your country?
a. the b. a c. an d. no article
4. What’s her job? She’s _________ lecturer
a. an university b. a university c. one university d. university
5. Are you a vegetarian? Yes, I never eat _________
a. meat b. the meat c. some meat d. a meat
6. _________ is my favourite art
a. A music b. The music c. Music d. Some music

II. Put in the or a/an where necessary:

1. Rita is studying _________ English and _________ Math this semester
2. He works as _________ assistant in _________ same shop as I do
3. Last night, there was _________ bird singing outside my house
4. What do you eat for _________ breakfast this morning?
5. Rita plays _________ violin and her sister plays _________ guitar
6. While we were in _________ Alaska, we saw _________ Eskimo village
7. Tom can’t go to _________ movies tonight because he has to write _________ essay
8. Mel’s granfmother is in _________ hospital, so we went to _________ hospital to visit her
_________ last night
9. John and Mary went to _________ school yesterday and then studied in _________ library before
returning home
10. On our trip to _________ Spain, we crossed _________ Atlantic Ocean
11. This is _________ beautiful painting. Does _________ artist live near here?
12. I bought ____ new toothbrush this morning and I can’t find it. I’m sure I put it in ____ bathroom
13. Can you get _________ fresh cream cake when you’re out? _________ shop on _________ corner
usually sells them
14. It’s _________ very nice school and _________ teachers are all really hard-working
15. We stayed in _________ very nice hotel. _________ room was comfortable and _________ food
was excellent
16. I come to ____ school by ____ bus
17. Ankara is ____ capital of Turkey
18. ____ O’hare is ____ busiest airport in the United States
19. we arrived in Dallas on ____ third of August
20. Last night, we had ____ dinner in ____ restaurant
21. I was at ____ home all day yesterday
22. My favourite subject is ____ history, but I’m not very good at ____ math
23. My friend lives on ____ same street as I do
24. My sister’s ____ teacher in ____ school near Seattle. She has three children, two girls and ____ boy.
____ girls are in her class at school, but ____ boy isn’t old enough for school yet
25. How much are the driving lessons? Twenty dollars ____ hour
26. Jane and Bill are ____ very nice couple. She has ____ clothing store, and he works in ____ office in
____ city
27. I bought Elliot ____ new jacket last week but yesterday two of ____ buttons came off. I’m taking it
back to ____ shop
28. I had ____ bath this morning but ____ water was a bit cold
29. Hannah was at ____ airport, waiting for ____ friend to arrive
30. You can have ____ apple or ____ orange. ____ apples are nice and sweet
37
 UNIT 21. VERB PATTERN (TAKE, SPEND, LIKE … BETTER THAN,
USED TO, BE/GET USED TO)
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. Joanna prefers cats _________ dogs
a. from b. over c. than d. to
2. When my father was young, he _________ get up early to do the gardening
a. used to b. was used to c. got used to d. use to
3. He _________ like beer but now he drinks it a lot
a. isn’t used to b. hasn’t used to c. didn’t use to d. couldn’t use to
4. He spends all his time _________ novels
a. reading b. to read c. read d. on reading
5. I would rather live on a farm than _________ to live in a city.
a. live b. living c. lived d. to live
6. Now, I think she is accustomed _________ eight hours a day.
a. work b. to work c. working d. to working
7. American women _________ independent.
a. are used to be b. are used to being c. is used to being d. is used to be
8. It takes him thirty minutes _________ to work by bus
a. going b. to going c. go d. to go
9. She usually _________ two hours doing her homework
a. spends b. takes c. spent d. took
10. I’d prefer to stay at home tonight _________ to the cinema
a. rather than go b. rather than went c. rather than will go d. rather would go
11. She prefered _________ television to _________ the cinema
a. watching, going b. watching, go c. to watch, going d. to watch, go
II. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. It takes me about an hour to watch TV every day
I spend _____________________________________________________________________________
2. Nowadays, children would rather play computer games than take part in outdoor activities
Children nowadays prefer ______________________________________________________________
3. We spend two hours doing this excersice
It _________________________________________________________________________________
4. They often went to Vung Tau at weekends
They used __________________________________________________________________________
5. My brother likes to go swimming better than to play computer games
My brothers prefers ___________________________________________________________________
6. My French friend finds driving on the left difficult
My French friend isn’t _________________________________________________________________
7. I advised you to put your money in the bank
You’d better ________________________________________________________________________
8. He prefers golf to tennis
He’d rather _________________________________________________________________________
9. It took us five hours to get to London
We ________________________________________________________________________________
10. He wrote the report in two hours
It took ______________________________________________________________________________
11. I get to work in twenty minutes
I spend _____________________________________________________________________________
12. My daughter spends two hours studying English every day
It __________________________________________________________________________________
13. It took him the whole day to repair the radio
He spent ___________________________________________________________________________
14. The flight to Moscow lasted three and a half hours
It took ______________________________________________________________________________
38
 UNIT 22. SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
I. Cirle the best option to complete each sentence:
1. Collecting old coins and paper notes _________ one of my father’s hobbies when he retired
a. is b. are c. was d. were
2. Neither you nor I _________ responsible for the bad result
a. are b. be c. am d. is
3. Fifty thousands dollars ___________ stolen
a. were b. has been c. have been d. are
4. Neither oil nor coal _________ used to produce electricity
a. was b. are c. is d. were
5. Either Minh or his friends _________ going to the beach today
a. is b. are c. was d. were
6. Mr Green, along with his friends, _________ arriving here tonight
a. is b. are c. was d. were
7. Every country _________ a national flag
a. is b. are c. has d. have
8. Each learner of English _________ a good dictionary
a. needs b. need c. is d. are
9. The captain as well as the passengers _________ frightened
a. be b. been c. was d. were
10. Each of the girls _________ the piano.
a. play b. plays c. is playing d. are playing
11. Everyone in the class _________ the novel.
a. has read b. have read c. has red d. have red
12. The boy with his dog _________ here last night.
a. is b. are c. was d. were

II. Choose the correct verb forms

1. The picture of the soldiers (bring) ____________ back many memories
2. Anything (be) ____________ better than going to the play tonight
3. A number of reporters (be) ____________ at the conference yesterday
4. There (be) ____________ some people at the meeting last night
5. Each student (have) ____________ answered the first three questions
6. Either John of his wife (make) ____________ breakfast each morning
7. A pair of scissors (be) ____________ in the sewing basket
8. These pictures as well as photograph (brighten)____________ the room
9. Gymnastics (be) ____________ my favourite sport
10. The trousers you bought for me (not fit) ____________ me
11. Where your family (live) ____________ ?
12. Three days (not be) ____________ long enough for a good holiday
13. Measles (be) ____________ cured without much difficulty nowadays
14. Neither the moon nor stars (be) ____________ visible in this dark tonight
15. Looking after children (be) ____________ fun
16. The police (want) ____________ to interview my friend about robbery
17. Fortunately, the news (not be) ____________ as bad as we expected
18. Physics (be) ____________ more difficult than chemistry
19. Ten tons of rice (cost) ____________ a lot of money
20. The number of days in a week (be) ____________ seven
21. People (speak) ____________ English in New Zealand
22. Every man and every woman (have) ____________ enjoyed the party
23. The French (be) ____________ famous for their food
24. Where (be) ____________ our luggage?
25. Five thousands dollars (be) ____________ a big sum
39
UNIT 23. AS IF, AS THOUGH, IT’S HIGH TIME, IT’S TIME, WOULD RATHER
I. Supply the correct verb forms:
1. We would rather (stay) _________ home tonight
2. Mr. Jones would rather (stay) _________ home last night
3. We would rather (drink) _________ coffee than tea
4. The photographer would rather that we (stand) _________ closer together than we are standing
5. Carmen would rather (cook) _________ for the entire family
6. She would rather you (not arrive) _________ last night
7. John would rather you (sleep) _________ than worked last night
8. George would rather Jane (be) _________ here tomorrow
9. I would rather my sister (not fail) _________ the driving test yesterday
10. I would rather that they (invite) _________ her to their party last Sunday
11. Henry talks to his dog as if it (understand) _________ him
12. It’s time we all (go) _________ now
13. I’d rather you (go) _________ now
14. It’s high time you (get) _________ the tea ready
15. He acts as if he (know) _________ English perfectly
16. I’d rather you (pay) _________ me now
17. It’s high time you (have) _________ a haircut
18. He was wet as if he (swim) _________ for hours
19. She acted as if she (meet) _________ him before
20. Jack spent his money as if he (win) _________ a lottery

II. Rewrite the second sentence in such a way that it has the same meaning as the one before it:
1. He would prefer you to pay him immediately
He’d rather _________________________________________________________________________
2. “No, please don’t tell him”
I’d rather____________________________________________________________________________
3. I would prefer you to deliver the sofa on Friday
I’d rather____________________________________________________________________________
4. I don’t really want to go out tonight
I’d rather____________________________________________________________________________
5. I’d rather not see him tomorrow
I don’t want _________________________________________________________________________
6. I don’t really want to have lunch yet
I’d rather____________________________________________________________________________
7. I don’t really want to go to the museum
I’d rather____________________________________________________________________________
8. I want you to cook the dinner now
I’d rather____________________________________________________________________________
9. It’s time we went to bed
It’s time ____________________________________________________________________________
10. It’s time for you to start to work
It’s time ____________________________________________________________________________

40
 ÔN NHANH NGỮ PHÁP THI TN.PHPT
PART A : TENSES
Hình Thức Cơ Bản Của Động Từ Trong Tiếng Anh
Khẳng định hình thức Phủ Nghi vấn
will V0 thêm not Will + S + V0 ?
V1/s/es do not V0 Do + S + V0 ?
V2/ed did not V0 Did + S + V0 ?

S have V3/ed thêm not Have + S + V3/ed ?

has V3/ed thêm not Has + S + V3/ed ?
had V3/ed thêm not Had + S + V3/ed ?
is/are/am V_ing thêm not Is/.. + S + V_ing ?
was/were thêm not Was + S + V_ing ?
Phủ định thêm not ,riêng V1/s/es/2/ed thì mượn don’t/doesn’t/didn’
THÌ CÁCH SỬ DỤNG Trạng Từ (TỪ CHÌA KHÓA)
Will Vo Hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai. Someday, tomorrow, next + time, soon…
-Often, usually,always, constantly, sometimes,
1- Chân lý, sự thực hiển nhiên.
occasionally, seldom, rarely, hardly,
V1/s/es 2- Thói quen, một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại
3- Việc diễn ra theo quy luật tự nhiên. -every + time ( every day/ week/ month…)
-Once a week, twice a month, 3 times a week..1,2,3
- Last + (time); - (time) + ago
Hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ, không liên quan gì
V2/ed
đến hiện tại.
- Yesterday ; In 1999…
- When I was a boy/ a child/ 5 years
1- Vừa mới xảy ra. * just ,recently ,lately gần đây *before
2- Lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần trong quá khứ.( 1 haønh ñoäng dieãn * ever đã .. từng * never chưa .. từng
ra nhieàu laàn keå töø quaù khöù ñeán hieän taïi several * already đã …xong * yet chưa …xong
times , two times , three times , some times …) * since ….2002 từ năm … *for two weeks
Have/has
V3/ed
3- Bắt đầu trong quá khứ mà còn kéo dài đến hiện tại, có khả năng …khoảng …* several times vài lần* so far = until
tiếp diễn đến tương lai.(since,for) now = up to now = up to the present
4- Đã xảy ra nhưng không rõ thời gian. - It’s the first/ second time + HTHT
5- Đã xảy ra và kết thúc trong q/khứ nhưng kết quả còn lưu lại ở - so sánh nhất + HTHT
h/tại.
( for + khoảng thời gian; since + tg xác định/mốc tg)
- S + had + V3/ed before S + V2/ed
Hành động xảy ra trước một mốc thời gian hoặc một hành động
- S + had + V3/ed by the time S + V2/ed
khác trong quá khứ.( neáu trong 2 haønh ñoäng ôû Qk thì
Had V3/ed
haønh ñoäng naøo xaûy ra tröôùc thì ta duøng QKHT ,
- S + had (already/just)+ V3/ed when S + V2/ed
haønh ñoäng naøo xaûy ra sau thì QKĐ ) - S + V2/ed after S + had + V3/ed
- S + V2/ed as soon as S + had + V3/ed
1- Hành động đang diễn ra (và kéo dài ) tại một thời điểm ở hiện Now, right now, at present, at the moment
tại. Hoặc 2 haønh ñoäng xaûy ra ñoàng thôøi ôû hieän taïi ( while , when , as – khi , trong khi
Is/are/am while ) không dùng thì này với các V chỉ trạng thái, nhận thức,
Ving 2- Hành động sắp xảy ra ở tương lai gần (t/gian đặt rõ ra) tri giác như : be, see, hear, understand, know, like,
3/ sau câu mệnh lệnh, sau câu hỏi want, feel, think, smell, love, hate, remember, realize,
seem…,
- At + mốc thời gian xác định trong quá khứ
1- Hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong q/khứ. Vd: At this time last week, at this time yesterdday,
Was/were 2- Hành động đã xảy ra và kéo dài một thời gian ở quá khứ (có ý
At eight o’clock last night/ yesterday
Ving kêu ca, phàn nàn)
- Khi có while , when thì hành động nào dài hơn,
sớm hơn ta dùng QKTD , còn lại ta dùng QKĐ
Will be Hành động sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương - At + mốc thời gian xác định ở tương lai.
Ving lai. + At 7:00 am tomorrow
Will have Hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một mốc thời gian hoặc một hành - By (before) + mốc thời gian trong tương lai.
V3/ed động khác trong t/ lai. + By then, by the time
PART B : CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ
41
1/ Mệnh đề Trạng Ngữ chỉ thời gian được bắt đầu bằng when,by the time, before,till, until, after,
as soon as), since, while…
Các trường hợp có cấu trúc cố định
1- S + had + V3/ed before S + V2/ed
2- S + had + V3/ed by the time S + V2/ed
3- S + had (already/just)+ V3/ed when S + V2/ed
4- S + V2/ed after S + had + V3/ed
5- S + V2/ed as soon as S + had + V3/ed
6 - S + have/has V3/ed + O since S + V2/ed .
Cần chú ý các trường hợp không thuộc cấu trúc trên thì phải xét
Sự hoà hợp về thời gian Các trường hợp đặc biệt
- Hiện tại  Hiện tại - không chia tương lai trong MĐ trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (sau
- Hiện tại  tương lai when,by the time, before,till, until, after, as soon as …..)
- Quá khứ  Quá khứ - không chia tiếp diễn trong MĐ có before, after
- Khi mệnh đề chính ở tương lai/tương lai tiếp diễn thì ta chọn V1/s/es
- có while thường có tiếp diễn ngay sau nó

- Khi mệnh đề chính ở tương lai/tương lai tiếp diễn thì ta chọn V1/s/es
ex: Tomorrow I will give her this book when I meet her.
Tomorrow when you arrive at the airport, I will be standing at the gate.(bạn đến lúc đó tôi đang đợi
)
By the time you come ,I will have gone out .
- Hành động đang xảy ra dùng Qúa khứ tiếp diễn - Hành động cắt ngang dùng Qúa khứ đơn
Cách nhận dạng ra loại này: Phải dịch nghĩa của câu,các động từ cắt ngang thường là :come,
meet, see, start, begin…..
I was playing soccer when it began to rain.(mưa cắt ngang hành động chơi bóng)
While I was eating, my mother was cooking.
- Cả hai hành động đều chia Qúa khứ đơn
+ Dịch nghĩa thấy 2 hành động xảy ra liên tục nhau
ex: When he came home, he opened the door
+ Khi mệnh đề when có các chữ sau: lived, was, were
ex: When Mr cucku lived in HCM city, he studied at TBT school.
When he was a child, he had a habit of getting up late.
- Hành động xảy ra trước dùng Qúa khứ hoàn thành, hành động sau dùng Qúa khứ đơn
Các dấu hiệu thường gặp là :just, already, for + khoảng thời gian
ex: When I came, he had already gone out (khi tôi đến anh ta đã đi rồi )
When I came, he had gone out for two hours (khi tôi đến anh ta đã đi đựơc hai tiếng rồi )
- Cũng có thể dịch qua nghĩa
ex: I didn’t meet Tom because when I came, he had gone out .(dấu hiệu là do tôi không gặp -> đã đi rồi
)
Tomorrow I ( wait) for you here when you come. ( cắt nhau ở tương lai => dùng tương lai tiếp diễn :
will be waiting )
Yesterday I (eat ) lunch when he came. ( cắt nhau ở quá khứ => dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn : was eating )
1/ He was talking on the phone when I arrived.
2/ When she called, he had already eaten lunch.
3/ We will finish before he arrives.
4/ We will finish after he comes.
5/ She began cooking while I was finishing my homework.
6/ We will have finished our homework by the time they arrive.
7/ I'll wait till you finish.
8/ As soon as I hear from Tom, I will give you a telephone call.
9/ He will let us know as soon as he decides
10/ After Mariana _______ her exam, I will take her out to eat.

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2/ CLAUSES OF CONDITION ( MEÄNH ÑEÀ ÑIEÀU KIEÄN )
TYPE ( Loaïi ) IF CLAUSE (mđ phụ if ) MAIN CLAUSE (mđ chính)
I / Future Possible Simple Present will
( coù theå xaûy ra ôû töông lai ) ( Hieän taïi ñôn ) can + Vo
shall
may
II / Present Unreal Past Subjunctive would
( Khoâng thaät ôû Hieän Taïi ) ( Quùa Khöù Giaû Ñònh ) could + Vo
V2 / ed should
were cho taát caû caùc ngoâi might
III / Past Unreal Past Perfect Subjunctive would
( Khoâng thaät ôû Quaù Khöù ) ( Quaù Khöù Hoaøn Thaønh Giaû Ñònh ) could + have + V3 / ed
Had + V3 / ed should
IF CLAUSE ….. UNLESS
 cả 2 mệnh đề chỉ có 1 not thì bỏ if và not. Cả 2 MĐ đều có not thì bỏ not trong mđ if.
 Cả 2 mđ đều không có not thì ta thêm vào mđ chính
ex : + If you don’t study hard , you will fail the exam . + If I have time , I will help you .
 Unless you study hard , you will fail the exam .  Unless I have time , I will not help you .
+ If she hadn’t told me, I would not have known that news. + If we had more rain , our crops would grow faster
.
 Unless she had told me, I would not have known that news.  Unless we had more rain ,our crops would not
grow faster
.
3 / CLAUSE AFTER Wish , If Only ( MEÄNH ÑEÀ SAU WISH vaø IF ONLY )
Sau Wish vaø If Only ta duøng Meänh ñeà chæ ñieàu ÖÔÙC MONG , ÖÔÙC MUOÁN khoâng thaät . Coù 3
loaïi meänh ñeà sau Wish vaø IF Only . Do ñoù phaûi ñoåi Khaúng Ñònh Phuû Ñònh gioáng IF
I / Future wish ( Ao öôùc ôû Töông Lai ) + I wish I would be an astronaut in the future .
S + WISH + S + would / could + Vo (hoặc If only I would be an astronaut in the future . )
V2 / ed ; were + Tom wishes he were coming with us .

II / Present wish ( Ao öôùc ôû Hieän Taïi ) + I wish I were not poor . ( I am poor now . )
+ I wish I could swim . ( I can’t swim . )
S + WISH + S + would / could + Vo + We wish we didn’t have to go to class today .
V2 / ed ; were ( We have to go to class today . )
+ I wish Ben were here . ( Ben is not here . )
Hoaëc If only Ben were here .
III / Past wish ( Ao öôùc ôû Quaù Khöù ) + I wish I had not failed my exam last year .
S + WISH + S + would / could + have + V3 / ed ( I failed my exam last year . )
had + V3 / ed + She wishes she could have been there .
( She could not be there . )
* Note : + Ta coù theå duøng IF ONLY thay cho S + wish ( IF ONLY = S + wish )
+ Khi söï kieän coù CAN / WILL thì ta seõ duøng COULD , WOULD trong caâu öôùc muoán .
Neáu khoâng coù CAN / WILL ta seõ duøng V2 / Ed ; Were hoaëc Had + V3 / Ed
4 / PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE ( Cụm từ và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích )
I / Phrases of purpose : cụm từ - In Order To / So As To / To Infinitive để mà…
Dạng khẳng in order to phủ :thêm not in order not to + V o
S + V + so as to + Vo S + V + so as not to + V o
to (không dùng not to )
EX : + I try to study in order to pass my exam . + He studied hard so as not to fail in the exam .
+ I try to study to pass my exam . + He studied hard in order not to fail in the exam .
II / clauses of purpose : mệnh đề chỉ mục đích - so that / in order that ( chú ý sự hoà hợp thời gian)
in order that will / would
S + V ; V2 / ed + so that + S + can / could ( not ) + Vo
may / might
EX : + I try to study so that I can pass the exam . + He studied hard in order that he could not fail the exam .
* Note : - Khi ñoäng töø cuûa meänh ñeà chính ôû hieän taïi thì ta duøng Will / Can / hoaëc May + Vo ôû meänh ñeà
phuï .
- Khi ñoäng töø cuûa meänh ñeà chính ôû quaù khöù thì ta duøng Would / Could / hoaëc Might + Vo ôû meänh ñeà
phuï .

5 / PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF RESULT Từ cụm từ chỉ kết quả

I / Phrases of Result : Cụm từ chỉ kết quả Too …… to - quá …. để Và Enough …. - đủ….để

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1/ S + be + too + ADJ + ( for + O ) + to – infinitive
V ADV
EX : + He is too short to play basketball . + This table is too heavy for me to lift it .
+ This book is too interesting for me to read . + Tom ran too slowly to become the winner of the race .
* Note : “ TOO ….. TO “ thường được dùng trong câu có nghĩa phủ định ( quá……………….. không thể )
không dùng “ too …not to Vo”
2/ S + be + ADJ + enough + ( for + O ) + to – infinitive
S + Vthg + ADV
EX : + Mary isn’t old enough to drive a car . + She speaks Spanish well enough to be an interpreter .
+ It is cold enough to wear a heavy jacket . + This table is light enough for her to lift it .
3 / Ta còn có cấu trúc S + be + enough + Noun + to – infinitive
Ex : I don’t have enough money to buy this bicycle .
II / Clauses of Result : Meänh ñeà chæ Keát Quaû SO ………………THAT / SUCH………THAT( Quaù ………ñeán
noãi )
1/ S + be / V thöôøng + SO + ADJ / ADV + THAT + S + V .
2/ S + be / V thöôøng + SO + ADJ + a/an + NOUN + THAT + S + V .
Ex : + It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything . + The soup tastes so good that we will ask for more .
Ex : + It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoor . + It is so good a soup that we will ask for more .
3/ S + be / V thöôøng + SUCH + a/an + ADJ + NOUN + THAT + S + V .
hoặc ADJ + NOUN +
Ex : + There was such beautiful pictures that I want to buy . + It is such an intelligent boy that we all admire him.
* NOTES :
so many/ few + Ns/es + that
so much/ little + N + that
Ex : The Smiths had so many boys that they formed their own baseket ball team
He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now
** too ….to có nghĩa phủ định , enough to có nghĩa khẳng định
Ex: 1/ She is week. She can’t move the table.  She is too week to move the table.
2/ He is tall. He can reach the switch.  He is tall enough to reach the switch.
3/ He is so short that he can’t play basketball.  He is too short to play baseket ball
( ta có thể dùng enough và dùng dạng phủ định + tính từ trái nghĩa He isn’t tall enough to play baseket ball. )
4/ It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything .  It was too dark for me to see anything.
 It was n’t bright enough for me.
E / PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON ( Cuïm Töø Vaø Meänh Ñeà Chæ Lyù Do )
+ S1 + V + O + BECAUSE + S2 + V + O .
 S1 + V + O + BECAUSE OF Noun / N Phrase / V-ing Phrase .
Ex : + He was absent because he was ill .
 He was absent because of his illness . Or  He was absent because of being ill .
+ We can go out because it rains .  We can go out because of the rain .
+ She walked slowly because her leg was injured .  She walked slowly because of her injured leg .
+ She went to bed early because she felt tired .  She went to bed early because of feeling tired .
 Note : Khi S1 = S2 laø moät thì ta duøng V- ing Phrase ( bỏ S và ñoåi ñoäng töø sau BECAUSE Thaønh V-ing )
F / PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSION ( Cuïm Töø vaø Meänh Ñeà Chæ Söï Nhöôïng Boä ) Duøng noái caâu
1 / Phrases of concession : In Spite Of / Despite + N / N phrase / V-ing phrase maëc duø , cho duø
2 / Clause of concession : although / though / even though + S + V , S + V + O . duø , cho duø
Ex : + He is very rich . He is not happy .  Although he is very rich , he is not happy .
 Despite being very rich , he is not happy .
+ She tried . She was not successful .  Though she tried , she was not successful . / In Spite Of trying , she …
Coi laïi caùch ñoåi Töø Because sang Because Of
G / RELATIVE CLAUSES ( Meänh ñeà quan heä )
* Meänh ñeà quan heä ñöôïc baét ñaàu baèng caùc Ñaïi Töø Quan heä WHO , WHOM , WHICH ,THAT , WHOSE hoặc caùc
Traïng Töø Quan Heä WHEN , WHERE , WHY . Noù ñöôïc duøng ñeå boå nghóa cho danh töø ñöùng tröôùc noù
Ex : a / The man is Mr. Pike . He is standing over there .  The man who is standing over there is Mr. Pike.
b / The women is my aunt . You saw her yesterday .  The women whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
c / That is the book . I like it best .  That is the book that I like best .
d / I’ll never forget the day . I met her on that day .  I’ll never forget the day when I met her .
e / That is the house . We are living in this house now .  That is the house where we are living now .
f / I don’t know the reason . She left school for it .
CÁCH GIẢI BÀI TẬP DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ WHO ,WHICH...
DẠNG 1 : NỐI 2 CÂU
Bước 1 : xác định MQHệ và thay thế bằng các Đại Từ Qhệ (who/whom/whose/which)

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 Câu đầu chọn N sau Câu sau thường là
a/ an/ the S O TTSH + N hoặc N giống N
phía trước
TTSH
This/that/these/those Nngười who whom whose + N
Từ chỉ số lg Nếu N là vật thì dùng which
hoặc là Nriêng
Ex: The man is my father. You met him yesterday.
-> The man is my father. You met whom yesterday. (bỏ him vì được thay bằng whom)
Bước 2: đem who/whom/whose/which lên đầu câu của nó. Đem toàn bộ câu có Đại từ quan hệ đặt ngay sau
nó N có qhệ nếu N đó đứng đầu câu.
-> The man is my father. whom you met yesterday.
-> The man whom you met yesterday is my father.
DẠNG 2 : ĐIỀN VÀO CHỔ TRỐNG/TRẮC NGHIỆM
N trước khoảng trống khoảng trống thành phần sau khoảng trống
who V + O …..
-a/an/the whom S + V + O . ….
-ttsh N người whose N + V + O….
-this/that/these/those N+S+V+O…
-từ chỉ số lượng
Nvật which
The first/second/third/fourth/
that
…last/all/only/any/every/most/ est
Ex1 : This is the man I told you yesterday .
Mary is the girl helped me a lot in my job .

That is my bicycle I bought last year .

She is the woman son got accident last night .
Trạng từ liên hệ
the reason, cause why =for which
time/day/week/month/year when
=(in/on/at which)
place where
Ex1 Can you tell me the day you’ll leave here ?
Ha Noi is the city I was born.
Twelve is the time I leave for Cantho.
Who can tell me the cause The fire happened ?
I live in HCM city was built 300 years ago.
Lưu ý :
1/ không dùng WHEN , WHERE , WHY khi
- trước khoảng trống là giới từ The house in __which__ I live is nice
- sau khoảng trống là động từ Do you know the city _______ is near here ?
- phía sau động từ người ta có chừa lại The house ________ I live in is nice .
giới từ in/ on/ at/ for
2/ Bắt buộc dùng THAT
- Khi N mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật
- N sau the first/second/third/fourth/last/the most/the est/only/all/any/every…
3/ dùng dấu phẩy Khi danh từ đứng trước who ,which,whom... là :
Ha Noi, which ....
+ Danh từ riêng ,tên riêng
Mary, who is ...
+ Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ : This book, which ....

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 + Có sở hửu đứng trước danh từ : My mother, who is ....
Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng )
+ Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết :
The Sun, which ...
4/ Đặt dấu phẩy ở đâu ?
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở giữa thì dùng 2 dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu và cuối mệnh đề
My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở cuối thì dùng một dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu mệnh đề ,cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu chấm .
This is my mother, who is a cook .
DẠNG 3: RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

Khi rút gọn MĐQH ta lượt bỏ đại who/that/which và đổi động từ theo dạng sau
Lượt bỏ Dạng động từ Đổi thành
-a/an/the who Vthường Ving
-ttsh which be being
-this/that/these/those that be + Ving/ed Ving/ed
-từ chỉ số lượng N
the first/second/third/fourth/ that Vthường to V0
…last/all/only/any/every/most/ be to be
est be + Ving/ed to be V3/ing

EXAMPLES
The man who spoke to John is my brother.
The man speaking to John is my brother.
The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.
H/ REPORTED SPEECH ( Caâu giaùn tieáp )
*** Caùc böôùc ñoåi töø caâu Tröïc Tieáp Sang caâu Giaùn tieáp
* Khi ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu (ngoaøi ngoaëc keùp) ôû thì hieän taïi ta chæ Ñoåi theo B1,B2
* Khi ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu (ngoaøi ngoaëc keùp) ôû thì Quaù khöù thì ta phaûi Ñoåi theo B1, B2, B3
- B1: Ñoåi caùc Ñaïi töø trong “ S , O “ sao cho phuø hôïp vôùi Ngöôøi noùi (S) vaø Ngöôøi Nghe (O) ngoài “ “
+ I me my  Ñoåi theo Ngöôøi Noùi -S + We us our  Ñoåi theo ngöôøi noùi khi chuû töø laø soá
nhieàu
+ You your  Ñoåi theo Ngöôøi nghe -O + Ngoâi thöù 3 soá ít, soá nhieàu khoâng ñoåi
- B2: Ñoåi moät soá Traïng Töø sau
+ now  then + ago  before
+ here  there
+ this  that + these  those tröôøng hôïp this coù ñoåi hay khoâng thì phaûi xeùt nghóa
+ today  that day
+ yesterday  the day before hoaëc the previous day ( last week/month/year  the week/month/year before ….)
+ tomorrow  the day after hoaëc the following day ( next week  the next week ….)
- B3: Luøi thì cuûa Ñoäng Töø
+ Hieän taïi  Quaù Khöù + Quaù khöù  Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh + Töông lai  W/ C/ Should + Vo

**Caùch ñoåi khi Ñoäng töø giôùi thieäu laø …

a / say / says to + O  tell / tells + O töông töï QK laø said  told
Ex : + The farmer says , “ I hope it will rain tomorrow .”  The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow .
+ Tom said to me ,” We will wait until tomorrow “.  Tom told me they would wait until the following day .
b , c / said / asked / warned ( O )  S + said / asked / warned / advised ( O ) + To Vo
 S + said / asked / warned / advised ( O ) + Not To Vo
Ex : + “ Shut the door , Tom “ said she .  She asked Tom to shut the door .
+ “ Don’t hurry “ I said .  I told her not to hurry .
d/ S + said / asked / wonder , “ Be + S + O ? “ .  S + asked / wonder + O + if / whether + S + be + O .
Or “AUX + S + V + O ? “ ,S + said / asked / wonder .  S + asked / wonder + O + if / whether + S + V + O .
Ex : + “ Have you reserved the seat ? “ I asked .  I asked ( her / him ) if he / she had reserved the seat .

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 + She asked me , “ Are you enjoying yourself ? “  She wondered whether I was enjoying myself .
+ “ Do puppies travel free ? “ asked the passenger .  The passenger wanted to know if puppies traveled free .
e/ S + + said / asked , “ Wh- Be + S + O ? “ .  S + wanted to know / asked Wh- + S + Be + O .
Or “Wh- AUX + S + V + O ? “ , + said / asked + S .  S + wanted to know / asked Wh- + S + V + O .
Ex : + I said ,” Why are you so sad ? “  I wanted to know why he / she is so sad .
+ “ Where is Mary ? “ , John asked .  John asked me where Mary was .

The Infinitive or The Gerund

( Nguyên mẫu và Danh động từ )
1/ Verbs followed by the Infinitive ( V + V-to )
would like, have, hope, want, wish, expect, ask, continue, plan, be going, be able, be willing
ex: - We hope to see you soon.

2/ Verbs With Object Followed By The Infinitive

( động từ có tân ngữ được theo sau bởi V-to )
have, ask, tell, teach, warn, remind, request, encourage, show how
ex: - She encouraged me to try again.

3/ Verbs followed by the Gerund ( V + V-ing )

- like, love, enjoy, dislike, avoid, detest, delay, postpone, finish, keep, practice, suggest, spend . . .
- can’t stand/ can’t bear/ can’t help
- It’s no use / It’s no good
- V + pre. + V-ing hoặc Be + ADJ + pre + V-ing
give up, care for,
be afraid of be sorry for be ashamed of
be interested in be accustomed to be familiar to
be good at be fond of be proud of
be tired of be bored of/ fed up be looking forward to
ex: - We can’t help laughing . - He enjoys doing nothing . be surprised at
- Adj + V-to Riêng : be busy / be worth + V-ing

4/ Verbs Followed By Either The Infinitive Or The Gerund

( các động từ được theo sau bởi V-ing hoặc V-to )
remember, forget, stop, quit, try
- Dùng V-to khi diễn đạt sự việc chưa hoàn thành, 1 sự việc sẽ diễn ra
- Dùng V-ing khi diễn đạt sự việc đã xảy ra hoặc tạm dừng
ex: - I forgot to see her yesterday . - I forgot seeing her yesterday .
5/ Verbs Followed By Gerund Or The Infinitive ( các động từ được theo sau bởi V-ing hoặc V-to )
allow, permit, advise, recommend
có tân ngữ theo sau hoặc có be phía trước thì dùng to V . Ngược lại dùng Ving
ex: - I permit you to go out. - People are not allowed to smoke here. - I permit going out.

PART B: SUBJECT AND VERBS AGREEMENT (SỰ HOÀ HỢP S + V)

PART C: THE ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
A. Form:
S + be + V3, ed (place + by O + time)

Ex: The book was written by Mark Twain

B. How to change into the passive voice:

Active: S V O

Passive: S BE + V3, ed by + O

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 TENSES ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. Simple present S + Vo/ s/ es S + am/ is/ are + V3/ ed
2. Simple past S + V2/ ed S + was/ were + V3/ ed
3. Simple future S + will/ can + Vo S + will/ can + be + V3/ ed
4. Present continuous S + am/ is/ are + V-ing S + am/ is/ are + being + V3/ ed
5. Past continuous S + was/ were + V-ing S + was/ were + being + V3/ ed
6. Present perfect S + has/ have + V3/ ed S + has/ have + been + V3/ ed
7. Past perfect S + had + V3/ ed S + had + been + V3/ ed
Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.
The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.
2. My mother wrote that letter.
That letter was written by my mother.
3. They will build a new school here next month.
A new school will be built here next month.
4. He is asking me a lot of questions.
I am being asked a lot of questions.
5. She was doing her homework at that time.
Her homework was being done at that time.
6. My mother has made that cake.
That cake has been made by my mother.
7. They had prepared a party before we came.
A party had been prepared before we came.

@ Notes:
A. Causative forms: have, get

VERBS KINDS FORMS

Active S + have + O (person) + Vo
Have
Passive S + have + O (thing) + V3/ed
Active S + get + O (person) + to V
Get
Passive S + get + O (thing) + V3/ed
Ex:
1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
2. I get her to make some coffee.
I get some coffee made.

B. Verbs of opinion: say, think, believe, know, report …

48
 KINDS FORMS
Active S1 + VS1 + that + S2 + VS2

It + be V3/ ed + that + S2 + VS2

Passive

S2 + be V3/ ed + to V(S2)

to have V3/ ed

Ex: People say that he is a famous doctor.

It is said that he is a famous doctor.
He is said to be a famous doctor.
People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.

PART D: ARTICLES
ARTICLES USES EXAMPLES
- When we are referring to one - I’d like a banana.
thing but it is not one in particular.
A or AN - When we refer to something for - There’s a man at the door.
the first time.
- In expressions for price, speed…
- $2 a kilo, three times a day.
- When we are referring to a - I’ll wear the dress I bought last week.
specific thing or things.
- When we refer to something for - There’s a man at the door. I think the man
the second time. is from the garage.
- When there is only one. - The world, the sun…
- Before some collective nouns - The British, the police, the army, the
referring to a whole group of government…
THE people.
- Before some adjectives to refer to
- The poor, the unemployed…
the group in general.
- Before supelatives and ordinals.
- The best film, the first time
- Before names of musical
instruments when we talk about - Can you play the piano?
playing them.
- Before names of seas, rivers,
ships, newspapers, magazines, - The Atlantic Ocean, the United States,

49
 musical groups and a few names of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands,
countries. the Philippines.

- With meals. - breakfast, lunch, dinner.

- With sports. - football, volleyball.
- With holidays. - Christmas, Thanksgiving.
ZERO ARTICLE - With school, class, college, - She goes to school every day except
university, home, work, church, Sunday.
bed, hospital for their normal use.
- With By + item of transport. - Did you go by train?

PART E : CLAUSES
1/ RELATIVE CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ)
CÁCH GIẢI BÀI TẬP DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ WHO ,WHICH...
DẠNG 1 : NỐI 2 CÂU
Bước 1 : xác định MQHệ và thay thế bằng các Đại Từ Qhệ (who/whom/whose/which)

Câu đầu chọn N sau Câu sau thường là

a/ an/ the S O TTSH + N hoặc N giống N
TTSH phía trước
Nngười
This/that/these/those who whom whose + N
Từ chỉ số lg Nếu N là vật thì dùng which
hoặc là Nriêng
Ex: The man is my father. You met him yesterday.
-> The man is my father. You met whom yesterday. (bỏ him vì được thay bằng whom)
Bước 2: đem who/whom/whose/which lên đầu câu của nó. Đem toàn bộ câu có Đại từ quan hệ đặt
ngay sau nó N có qhệ nếu N đó đứng đầu câu.
-> The man is my father. whom you met yesterday.
-> The man whom you met yesterday is my father.

DẠNG 2 : ĐIỀN VÀO CHỔ TRỐNG/TRẮC NGHIỆM

N trước khoảng trống khoảng trống thành phần sau khoảng trống
who V + O …..
-a/an/the whom S + V + O . ….
-ttsh N người
whose N + V + O….
-this/that/these/those N+S+V+O…
-từ chỉ số lượng
Nvật which
The first/second/third/fourth/
that
…last/all/only/any/every/most/ est
Ex1 : This is the man I told you yesterday .
Mary is the girl helped me a lot in my job .
That is my bicycle I bought last year .
She is the woman son got accident last night .

50
 Trạng từ liên hệ
the reason, cause why =for which
time/day/week/month/year when
=(in/on/at which)
place where
Ex1 Can you tell me the day you’ll leave here ?
Ha Noi is the city I was born.
Twelve is the time I leave for Cantho.
Who can tell me the cause The fire happened ?
I live in HCM city was built 300 years ago.
Lưu ý :
1/ không dùng WHEN , WHERE , WHY khi
- trước khoảng trống là giới từ The house in __which__ I live is nice
- sau khoảng trống là động từ Do you know the city _______ is near here ?
- phía sau động từ người ta có chừa lại The house ________ I live in is nice .
giới từ in/ on/ at/ for
2/ Bắt buộc dùng THAT
- Khi N mà nó thay thế gồm 2 danh từ trở lên trong đó vừa có ngừơi vừa có vật
- N sau the first/second/third/fourth/last/the most/the est/only/all/any/every…
3/ dùng dấu phẩy Khi danh từ đứng trước who ,which,whom... là :
Ha Noi, which ....
+ Danh từ riêng ,tên riêng
Mary, who is ...
+ Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng This book, which ....
trước danh từ :
+ Có sở hửu đứng trước danh từ : My mother, who is ....
Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng )
+ Là vật duy nhất ai cũng biết :
The Sun, which ...
4/ Đặt dấu phẩy ở đâu ?
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở giữa thì dùng 2 dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu và cuối mệnh đề
My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ ở cuối thì dùng một dấu phẩy đặt ở đầu mệnh đề ,cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu chấm .
This is my mother, who is a cook .

DẠNG 3: RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

Khi rút gọn MĐQH ta lượt bỏ đại who/that/which và đổi động từ theo dạng sau
Lượt bỏ Dạng động từ Đổi thành
-a/an/the who Vthường Ving
-ttsh which be being
-this/that/these/those that be + Ving/ed Ving/ed
-từ chỉ số lượng N
the first/second/third/fourth/ that Vthường to V0
…last/all/only/any/every/most/ be to be
est be + Ving/ed to be V3/ing

EXAMPLES
The man who spoke to John is my brother.
The man speaking to John is my brother.
The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.
The books written by To Hoai are interesting.
51
 Yuri Gagarin was the first man who flew into space.
Yuri Gagarin was the first man to fly into space.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

TYPES IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE

1. Real in the Present S + will / can + Vo
or Future Possible S + V1 S + V (o / s / es)
(coù thaät ôû hieän taïi hoaëc
coù theå xaûy ra ôû töông lai) Vo
2. Unreal in the Present S + V2/ ed
(khoâng coù thaät ôû hieän S + would / could + Vo
taïi) (past subjunctive)

3. Unreal in the Past

S + had + V3/ ed
(khoâng coù thaät ôû quaù S + would / could + have + V3/ ed
(past perfect subjunctive)
khöù)

Ex: 1. If I have time, I will help you.

Please call me if you hear from Jane.
2. If I were you, I would come there.
3. If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam.

@ NOTES:

1. If you should see Tom this evening, tell him to phone me.
= Should you see Tom this evening, tell him to phone me.
2. If they were stronger, they could lift the table.
= Were they stronger, they could lift the table.
3. If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam.
= Had he studied hard, he would have passed his exam.
4. If you had had breakfast, you wouldn’t be hungry now.

@ SOME OTHER CASES:

CONJUNCTIONS MEANINGS EXAMPLES

- If you do not study harder, you will get low grade.
= Unless you study harder, you will get low grade.
If … not = unless nếu … không
- If he is not here, you can leave.
= Unless he is here, you can leave.
- Go out now or I will call the police
or, or else, otherwise nếu không thì
= Go out now, otherwise I will call the police
trong trường hợp, - You should bring the umbrella in case it rains.
in case
phòng khi

52
provided / providing - You can camp here provided you leave no mess.
miễn là
(that) / as long as
@ AS IF / AS THOUGH: Y nhö theå

TYPES FORMS
1. Unreal in the Present
S + V (present) + as if + S + V2/ ed
(khoâng coù thaät ôû hieän
(past subjunctive)
taïi)
2. Unreal in the Past
S + V (past) + as if + S + had V3/ ed
(khoâng coù thaät ôû quaù
(past perfect subjunctive)
khöù)

Ex: 1. He acts as though he were rich. (He is not rich)

2. Betty talked about the contest as if she had won the grand prize.
(She didn’t win the grand prize)

@ WISH / IF ONLY

TYPES FORMS
1. Future wish S + WISH + S would / could + Vo
2. Present Wish S + WISH + S + V2/ed (past subjunctive)
3. Past wish S + WISH + S + had V3/ed (could have V3/ed )

Ex: 1. I wish I could be an astronaut in the future.

2. I wish I were rich. (I am poor now)
3. She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam last year. (She failed her exam last year.)

TAG QUESTIONS
 Example:
It's a beautiful day, isn't it?
You speak English, don't you?
Ann can't swim, can she?
 Notes:
1. I'm late, aren't I?
2. Let's go, shall we?
3. Someone had recognized him, hadn't they?
4. Something is wrong with Jane today, isn’t it?
5. There aren’t any problems, are there?
6. That is her umbrella, isn’t it?
USE / USED TO / BE USED TO

FORMS MEANINGS EXAMPLES

Use + O + to V dùng, sử dụng People use money to buy food.
53
 Be used + to V được dùng để (dạng bị động) Money is used to buy food.
Used to + Vo đã từng (thói quen trong qk) He used to smoke.
Be used to + V-ing quen với He is used to getting up early.
Get used to + V-ing
CONJUNCTIONS

FORMS MEANINGS EXAMPLES

1 Both + S1 + and + S2 + Vplural cả hai - Both Tom and Ann were late.
- Either he or I am wrong.
2 Either + S1 + or + S2 + V (S2) hoặc … hoặc - I think she's either Russian or
Polish.
- Neither he nor I am happy.
3 Neither + S1 + nor + S2 + V (S2) không … không
- I am neither rich nor poor.
- Robert is not only talented
4 Not only + S1 + but also + S2 + V (S2) không những …mà còn
but also handsome.
INVERSION OF THE VERB

The verb is used in the inverted form after certain adverbs and adverb phrases if they are placed
first in a sentence or clause.

Never : khoâng bao giôø, chöa bao giôø

Seldom : ít khi
Only by : chæ baèng caùch
Only then / when : chæ luùc ñoù, chæ khi
Not only (… but also) : khoâng nhöõng … maø coøn
Not until : maõi cho ñeán khi
Hardly ever : ít khi
Hardly … when = Scarcely … when : vöøa môùi … thì
No sooner … than … : vöøa môùi … thì
So … that … : ñeán noãi maø
Neither / Nor : cuõng khoâng
So : cuõng vaäy
Nowhere : khoâng nôi naøo
In no circumstances : khoâng ôû tröôøng hôïp naøo
On no account : khoâng vì lí do gì

Ex: 1. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house.
Hardly had he had time to settle down when he sold the house.
Scarcely had he had time to settle down when he sold the house.
No sooner had he had time to settle down than he sold the house.
2. He didn’t return to his native village until the war ended.
(It was not until the war ended that he returned to his native village)
Not until the war ended did he return to his native village

54
 3. The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it.
So difficult is the question that nobody can answer it.
@ NOTES:
1. Bill would enjoy a game and Tom would too.
= Bill would enjoy a game and so would Tom.
2. He didn’t like the book, I didn’t either.
= He didn’t like the book, neither / nor did I.

CONNECTORS

CONNECTORS MEANINGS FORMS POSITIONS

vì vậy (biểu thị

SO kết quả tác động
của vế thứ nhất) (Tom Clause
was too1,angry,
so + clause 2 without
so he left
saying anything) Liên từ này đứng trước
vế thứ 2 trong 1 câu
nhưng (biểu thị ghép.
ý nghĩa trái
BUT
ngược với vế thứ (I tried my best to pass the exam, but I
nhất) still failed)

vì vậy (biểu thị

Clause 1, but + clause 2
kết quả của hành - Liên từ này đứng đầu 1
THEREFORE
động trong câu He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he câu, ngăn cách với vế
trước đó) failed the exam. câu đi sau bằng dấu
He didn’t study hard; therefore, he phẩy.
failed the exam. - Ngoài ra, nó có thể là
từ nối giữa 2 vế câu
trong 1 câu phức. Trong
tuy nhiên (biểu trường hợp này, nó sẽ đi
thị ý nghĩa trái sau dấu chấm phẩy và
HOWEVER
ngược với ý Studying E is not easy. However, it is đứng trước dấu phẩy.
nghĩa trước đó) benificial. 1. Therefore, sentence 2
Sentence
Clause 1; therefore, clause 2.
Studying E is not easy; however, it is
benificial.

COMPARISONS

Adjs or advs POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Short AS + adj + AS Adj - ER + THAN THE + adj - EST
Long NOT SO / AS + adj + AS MORE + adj + THAN THE MOST + adj

Ex: 1. He is as tall as his father.

John sings as well as his sister.

Sentence 1. However, sentence 2 55

Clause 1; however, clause 2.
 His job is not so difficult as mine.
2. Today is hotter than yesterday.
This chair is more comfortable than the other.
3. John is the tallest boy in the family.
These shoes are the most expensive of all.

@ Double comparatives:
FORMS MEANINGS EXAMPLES
1. The + comparative + S + V,
Caøng … caøng The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
the + comparative + S + V
2. Short adj - ER and short adj - ER Caøng ngaøy Betty is younger and younger
MORE and MORE + long adj caøng The food is more and more expensive

@ Notes:
Adj & adv Comparative Superlative
Good/ well better the best
Bad/ badly worse the worst
Many/ much more the most
Little less the least
Far farther / further the farthest / the furthest
Ex: She studies (well) than her friend.
She studies better than her friend.
 Tính từ ngắn là tính từ có 1 âm tiết hoặc 2 âm tiết nhưng tận cùng là -y, -et, -er, -le, -ow
Ex: happy, quiet, clever, gentle, narrow
happier quieter cleverer gentler narrower

 Ta dùng more với các trạng từ tận cùng là –ly (trừ early)

Ex: more slowly, more fluently, more quickly ...

REPORTED SPEECH
A. STATEMENTS: How to change direct speech into reported speech:
Form:
S + said (that) + S + V
S + told + O (that) + S + V
 Đổi động từ ở mệnh đề chính thành: said, told …
 Đổi Pronouns, possessive adjectives
 Đổi Verb tense.
 Đổi Adverbs (time, place)
1. Pronouns, possessive adjectives:
Subject Object Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronoun
I me my mine
You you your yours

56
 He him his his
She her her hers
It it its its
We us our ours
You you your yours
They them their theirs
2. Verb tense:
Direct speech Reported speech
1. Present simple 1. Past simple
Ex: go Ex: went
2. Present progressive 2. Past progressive
Ex: is going Ex: was / were going
3. Present perfect / Past simple 3. Past perfect
Ex: have done Ex: had done
swam had swum
4. Past progressive 4. Past perfect progressive
Ex: was / were going Ex: had been going
5. Future simple 5. Future in the past
Ex: will Ex: would

3. Adverbs of time & place:

Direct speech Reported speech
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before / the previous day
Tomorrow The day after / the following day / the next day
Ago Before
This week That week
Last week The week before / the previous week
Next week The week after / the following week / the next week
@ Notes:
 Neáu ñoäng töø ôû meänh ñeà chính ôû thì hieän taïi ñôn, ta chæ ñoåi ñaïi töø trong lôøi trích
daãn.
Ex: The farmer says, “I hope it will rain tomorrow.”
The farmer says that he hopes it will rain tomorrow.
She says, “I’m tired now.”
She says that she is tired now.
 Neáu ñoäng töø ôû meänh ñeà chính ôû thì quaù khöù ñôn, ta phaûi ñoåi thì, ñaïi töø, töø vaø
cuïm töø chæ thôøi gian, nôi choán trong lôøi trích daãn.
Ex: Judy said, “I will phone you tomorrow.”
Judy told me (that) she would phone me the day after.

B. COMMANDS:
Form:
S + told / asked + O + (not) to V

Ex: “Hurry up, Lan”

57
 He told Lan to hurry up.
“Don’t make noise in class, please!”
The teacher asked them not to make noise in class.

C. QUESTIONS:
Form:
wh- + S + V
S + asked + O
if / whether + S + V

1. Wh-Questions:
Ex: “What time does the film begin?”
He asked me what time the film began.
2. Yes-No Questions:
Ex: “Have you seen that film?”
He asked me if I had seen that film.

@ NOTES:
A. REPORTED SPEECH with INFINITIVE:
Form
V + to inf V + O + to inf
promise : hứa tell : bảo warn : cảnh báo
agree : đồng ý ask : yêu cầu encourage : khuyến khích
hope : hy vọng want : muốn order : ra lệnh
offer : đề nghị advise : khuyên invite : mời
want : muốn remind : nhắc nhở

Ex: “I will help you, Mary” said Peter

Peter promised to help Mary.
Ex: “Look at the board, please!”, said the teacher.
The teacher asked the students to look at the board.
B. REPORTED SPEECH with GERUND:
Form:
S + V + (O) (prep) + V-ing
S + V + V-ing S + V + prep + V-ing S + V + O + prep + V-ing
suggest insist on accuse sb of
admit dream of thank sb for
deny think of congratulate sb on
look forward to prevent sb from
apologize (to sb) for warn sb against
Ex: “Let’s go out for a drink,” Susan said.
Susan suggested going out for a drink.
“I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan.
Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise.
Tom said to me, “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much.”
Tom thanked me for helping him.
58
C. CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH:

TYPE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH

1 “If it rains, I will stay at home to read - The boy said that if it rained, he would stay at
books,” said the boy. home to read books.
2 “If I were a millionaire, I could help poor - The man told me if he were a millionaire,
children,” said the man. he could help poor children.
3 “If you had had breakfast, you wouldn’t - The man told me if I had had breakfast,
have been hungry,” said the man. I wouldn’t have been hungry.

How to change direct speech into reported speech:

 Đổi động từ ở mệnh đề chính thành: said, told …
 Verb tense:
- Type 1: luøi laïi 1 thì khi ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät ñöôïc duøng ôû thì quaù khöù.
- Type 2, 3: giöõ nguyeân thì ñoäng töø
 Pronouns, possessive adjectives
 Adverbs (time, place)
I. INFINITIVE: Infinitive ñöùng sau caùc ñoäng töø sau ñaây:

Agree arrange attempt ask decide demand determine

desire expect fail help hope intend learn
manage mean need offer plan prepare pretend
promise propose refuse seem tend want wish
Ex: He doesn’t want to know.
Advise allow ask enable encourage expect invite
order permit request tell want warn wish
Ex: He advised me to leave here early.

II. GERUND: Gerund ñöùng sau caùc ñoäng töø sau ñaây:

Admit appreciate avoid can’t help consider delay

deny enjoy finish keep imagine mind
miss postpone practise prevent quit resent
resist risk suggest understand
Ex: We enjoy playing football.
III. NOTES:
A. GERUND or INFINITIVE: (the meaning changes)
VERBS MEANINGS EXAMPLES
+ to V (hành động chưa xảy ra)
1 Remember Please remember to return the book tomorrow.

59
 Forget + V-ing (hành động đã xảy ra)
I’ll never forget seeing her at the first time.
Regret
+ to V (dừng lại để làm việc khác) He stopped to eat. (dừng công việc để ăn)
2 Stop My father stopped smoking two months ago.
+ V-ing (từ bỏ, dừng việc đang làm)
(bỏ hút thuốc)
I will try to study hard so that my parents stop
+ to V (cố gắng làm việc gì)
3 Try worrying about me.
+ V-ing (thử làm việc gì) He tried making a cake but he didn’t succeed.

B. VERBS OF PERCEPTION:
hear
see Vo (söï hoaøn taát cuûa haønh ñoäng)
smell + O +
feel V-ing (söï tieáp dieãn cuûa haønh
ñoäng)
notice
watch...
Ex: We saw him leave the house.
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.

C.
Make / let + O + Vo

Ex: He made me move my car.

D.
Modal Verbs (will, can, may, must, should, had better, have to ...) + Vo

Ex: The children had better go to bed early.

PREPOSITIONS

I. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME:
 On
On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day
On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet
 In
In April / 1980
In summer / spring / autumn / winter
In five minutes / a few days / two years
In the morning / afternoon / evening
 At
At 8 o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas
At the end of ... / at the age of
 From...to...
From 1977 to 1985
60
  Since
Since 1985 / Monday / 2 o’clock
 For
For three days / a long time / one hour.

II. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE:

 On
On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio / the
telephone
 In
In a garden / a park / a town / the water / my office / hospital / a car
In the middle of...
 At
At home / work / school / university / the station / the airport / a concert / a party / a football
match
At 10 Pasteur Street
 By
By car / bus / plane (on foot)
By accident / chance
 For
For a walk / a swim / a drink
For breakfast / lunch / dinner
VERB + NOUN + PREP:
- give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua - catch sight of : thoáng thấy
- give place to : nhường chỗ cho - keep pace with : theo kịp
- lose sight of : mất hút, không nhìn thấy nữa - pay attention to : chú ý đến
- lose track of : mất dấu vết - put a stop to : put an end to: chấm dứt
- lose touch with: mất liên lạc với - set fire to: burn : phóng hỏa
- make allowance for: xét đến, chiếu cố - take advantage of : lợi dụng
- make use of : dùng, tận dụng - take care of : chăm sóc
- make fun of : chọc ghẹo, chế nhạo - take account of : quan tâm tới, lưu ý tới
- make room for : dọn chỗ cho - take note of : lưu ý đến
- make a fuss over / about: làm om xòm về - take notice of : chú ý thấy, nhận thấy
IV. VERB + PREP:

1. VERB + TO 2. VERB + FOR 3. VERB + ABOUT

- apologize to sb for sth - apply for - care about
- belong to - care for - dream about sb / sth
- complain to sb about sb / sth - pay for - think about
- happen to - look for - hear about: be told about
- introduce to - wait for - warn ... about
- listen to - blame ... for
- speak / talk to sb - leave ... for
- write to - search ... for
- prefer ... to ... - ask ... for
- explain ... to ...
- invite ... to ...
4. VERB + ON 5. VERB + OF 6. VERB + AT
- concentrate on / focus on - consist of - laugh at / smile at
- depend on / rely on - die of - shout at
- live on - take care of - look at / stare at / glance at
- congratulate ... on - accuse ... of - point at / aim at
- spend ... on - remind ... of
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7. VERB + IN 8. VERB + WITH 9. VERB + FROM
- succeed in - provide ... with - suffer ... from / borrow ... from
- arrive in / at - charge ... with - save / protect / prevent ... from

V. ADJECTIVE + PREP:
1. ADJ + TO 2. ADJ + FOR 3. ADJ + ABOUT
- accustomed to - available for - angry about
- addicted to - responsible for - anxious about
- harmful to - famous for - worried about
- similar to / agreeable to - late for - excited about
4. ADJ + ON 5. ADJ + OF 6. ADJ + AT
- keen on - afraid of / full of - surprised at
- dependent on - aware of / tired of - quick at
- ashamed of - bad / good at
- capable of - brilliant at
7. ADJ + IN 8. ADJ + WITH 9. ADJ + FROM
- confident in - equipped with - different from
- successful in - bored with - absent from
- interested in - busy with - safe from
- rich in - acquainted with

PHRASAL VERBS
SOME STRUCTURES
1. Quaù neân khoâng theå

S + be + too + adj + (for O) to V

Ex: He is too short to play basketball.

2. Ñuû ñeå
S + be + adj + enough + (for O) to V

Ex: She isn’t old enough to drive a car.

3. Ñeán noãi maø

S + be + so + adj + that + S + V
S + be + such + (a/ an) + adj + N + that + S + V

Ex: The question is so difficult that nobody can answer it.

It is such a difficult question that nobody can answer it.

S + V + so + many / few + Nđđsn + that + S + V

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 S + V + so + much / little + Nkđđ + that + S + V
S + V + so + adj + a + Nđđ số ít + that + S + V

Ex: The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now.
It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
(= It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors.)

4.
To V/ V-ing + is/ was + adj (for O)
It + is/ was + adj (for O) + to V
S + find + it + adj + to V

Ex: Learning English is difficult.

It is difficult to learn English.
I find it difficult to learn English.

5. Maát bao laâu ñeå laøm gì

It takes / took + O + time + to V

S + spend / spent + time + V-ing

Ex: It took her fifteen minutes to clean the floor.

She spent fifteen minutes cleaning the floor.
6. Ñeå maø

to V
S + V + in order + to V
so as + to V
S + V + so that + S + V
in order that

Ex: I try to study to pass my next exam.

I try to study so that I can pass the exam.

7.
S + began / started + to V / V-ing ...

S + has / have been + V-ing + since / for...

It’s + time (khoảng thời gian) + since + S + V2/ed

Ex: My mother began cooking for the party an hour ago.

My mother has been cooking for the party for an hour.
It’s an hour since my mother cooked for the party.

8.
S + V (present perfect) … + time

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 It is + time … + since + S + V2/ed

Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month.

It is one month since I last saw my father.

9.
S + have / has not + V 3/ed

It is the first time + S + have / has + V 3/ed

Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before.

It’s the first time I have seen that man here.

10.
S + have / has not + V 3/ed … since (for)

S + last + V (past) … when …

The last time + clause + was …

Ex: I haven’t heard him since August.

The last time I heard him was in August.
I haven’t seen him since I was a student.
I last saw him when I was a student.

WORD FORMS

PARTS OF POSITIONS
FORMS EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
SPEECH (FUNCTIONS)
- ion / ation - prevention, conservation - Làm S - Prevention is better
- ment - employment, development than cure.
- er / or - singer, actor - Làm O - Hard work always
- ist / ian - artist, musician brings happiness and
success.
- ity - possibility, nationality
- His success
NOUNS - ness - happiness, sadness - Sau his, her, my…
- ce - importance, difference - Sau giới từ
- The bad effects of
- th - death, warmth, width (The N of N) pollution
- A/ an/ the/ many/
a lot of ... + (adj) N - A teacher

VERBS - en / en- - endanger, enrich, widen - Sau S - They have widened

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 - ize - modernize, industrialize this road.
- fy - beautify, diversify
- ful - harmful, useful, careful - Sau BE - She is careful
- less - useless, careless, hopeless - Sau get, seem - He becomes famous
- ous - dangerous, famous look, sound
ADJECTIVES
- able - comfortable, valuable become, feel
- ive - attractive, active - Trước danh từ - A beautiful girl
- al - industrial, natural, national adj + N
- ly - carefully, beautifully - Sau V thường - He drives carefully.
- Một số - good  well (hoặc trước - He angrily denied
trạng từ đặc late  late Vthường) breaking that vase.
ADVERBS biệt
hard  hard
- This exercise is
early  early
- Trước tính từ extremely difficult.
fast  fast
Adv + adj

PHONETICS
A. SOUNDS

HOW TO PRONOUNCE “-ED”:

/ id / /t/ /d/
t, d ch, p, k, sh, s, f, x ………

( t , p, k,  , s, f )
wanted, decided stopped, kicked, laughed, loved, delivered
missed, watched, washed, fixed

HOW TO PRONOUNCE “-S”, “-ES”:

/ iz / /s/ /z/
ce, ge, ch, x, sh, s, z p, t, k, f, gh, th ………

( ks, s, z, dz, t ,  ) ( p, t, k, f, O )

boxes , misses , quizzes , practices lamps , laughs , books , teachers , studies , explains
changes , watches , washes sits , months schools

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 B. STRESS

STRESS SYLLABLES EXAMPLES

1. Trọng âm rơi vào các hậu tố - ee - degree, referee

- eer - engineer, pioneer
- ese - Vietnamese, Japanese
- ain - contain, remain
- aire - millionaire, questionaire
- ique - technique, unique

2. Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước - tion - protection, condition

các hậu tố - sion - decision, impression
- ic - economic, scientific
- ical - political, electrical
- ian - musician, politician
- ity - necessity, ability
- itive - sensitive, competitive
- logy / graphy - psychology, geography

3. Thường thì gốc từ mang trọng - Tiền tố: un, im, in, ir, dis, - danger / dangerous / endanger
âm khi thêm một số tiền tố và hậu non, en, re, over, under
tố, trọng âm ko đổi - Hậu tố : ful, less, able, al, - happy / happiness
ous, ly, er, ize, en, ment,
ness, ship, hood

SPEAKING

@ WH - QUESTIONS:

INTERROGATIVE WORDS MEANINGS EXAMPLES

- What do you study English for?
What … for? - hỏi mục đích
o To get a good job.
- What is the weather like?
What + be + like? - như thế nào
o It’s sunny.
What + … + look like? - hỏi ngoại hình - What does he look like?

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 o He’s tall and thin with blue eyes.
- What time is it?
What time / color / kind...? - hỏi giờ, màu sắc, loại
o It’s 7 o’clock.
- Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?
Which…? - lựa chọn
o Coffee.
- như thế nào / phương - How do you go to school?
How…?
tiện / cách thức o By bicycle.
How much / many …? - bao nhiêu - How many people are there in your family?
o Four people.
How old …? - bao nhiêu tuổi - How old are you?
o I’m 18 years old.
How far…? - bao xa - How far is it from here to the post office?
o Two kilometres.
How long…? - bao lâu - How long does it take you to go to school?
o 25 minutes.
How often…? - thường xuyên - How often do you go shopping?
o Twice a month.
- Why do you study English?
Why…? - tại sao o Because I want to get a good job in
the future.
- When were you born?
When…? - khi nào
o In 1993.
- Where do you live?
Where…? - ở đâu
o In Long Xuyen.
@ QUESTIONS & RESPONSES:

TOPICS QUESTIONS / EXPRESSIONS RESPONSES

1. Giới thiệu - Nice / Glad to meet you. - Nice / Glad to meet you, too.
và chào hỏi - How do you do? - How do you do?
- Sure.
2. Xin phép - May I go out?
- Of course.
- Could you bring me some water? - Sure / Of course.
3. Yêu cầu
- Would you mind helping me? - No problem.
- Would you like to go for a walk? - Yes, I’d love to.
- How about going to the cinema? - That sounds great!
4. Mời và đề nghị
- Let’s go to the cinema. - OK. Let’s do that.
- Why don’t we go to the cinema? - That’s a good idea.
5. Lời khen - What a beautiful dress you’ve got! - I’m glad you like it.

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 - How nice your house is! - Thank you for your saying so.
- That’s a nice compliment.
- It’s very kind of you to say so.
- The same to you.
6. Lời chúc - Happy New Year!
- You too.
- It’s my pleasure (to help).
- That was nice of you. Thank you.
- Not at all. / You’re welcome.
7. Cảm ơn - Thank you for helping me.
- Don’t mention it. / Forget it.
- That’s OK / alright.
- You don’t need to apologize.
- I’m terribly sorry about…
8. Xin lỗi - Don’t worry about it.
- I’d like to apologize for…
- No problem / Forget it/ It’s OK.
- I’m having an English test tomorrow. - Good luck!
- Fantastic / That’s great!
- Good news:
- Congratulations!
9. Báo tin o I’ve passed the final exam!
- I’m glad to hear that.
- Bad news:
o I have lost the job for two weeks. - I’m sorry to hear that.

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