Water Treatment Primer 3 Training Course: You Will Have 90 Days From This Date in Order To Complete This Course

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Water Treatment Primer 3 Training Course $100.00

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Water Treatment Primer 3 Ass 1/1/2018 TLC 2 (866) 557-1746 Fax (928) 468-0675
Water Treatment Primer 3 Answer Key
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or questions missed. Our exams are based upon pass/fail criteria with the benchmark for
successful completion set at 70%. Once you pass the exam, your record will reflect a
successful completion and a certificate will be issued to you.
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WATER TREATMENT PRIMER 3 CEU TRAINING COURSE

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Water Treatment Primer 3 CEU Training Course Assignment
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mail it back to TLC.
You’ll have 90 days from the start of this course to complete in order to receive your
Professional Development Hours (PDHs) or Continuing Education Unit (CEU). A score of
70 % is necessary to pass this course. We prefer if this exam is proctored. No intentional
trick questions. If you should need any assistance, please email all concerns and the
completed manual to [email protected].
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Choice Section, One answer per question and please use the answer key.
1. In the event of a significant intrusion of pathogens resulting, for example, from a broken
water main, the level of the average “chlorine residual” will be insufficient to disinfect
contaminated water. In such cases, it is the monitoring of the sudden drop in the
____________ that provides the critical indication to water system operators that there is a
source of contamination in the system.
A. Elemental chlorine D. Chlorine disinfectant(s) (s) means plural or singular usage
B. Disinfection E. Chlorine-based process
C. Chlorine residual F. None of the above
The Benefits of Chlorine

Potent Germicide
2. Which of the following terms can reduce the level of many disease-causing
microorganisms in drinking water to almost immeasurable levels.
A. Elemental chlorine D. Chlorine disinfectant(s)
B. Disinfection methods E. Chlorine-based process
3. Chlorine is added to drinking water to destroy pathogenic organisms. It can be applied in

several forms: elemental chlorine, sodium hypochlorite solution and?
A. Disinfection agents D. Numerous alternative disinfection
B. Chlorine disinfectants E. Dry calcium hypochlorite
C. Chlorine-based process F. None of the above
4. One pound of _____________ provides approximately as much free available chlorine

as one gallon of sodium hypochlorite or approximately 1.5 pounds of calcium hypochlorite.
5. Which of the following terms can effectively disinfect drinking water, each has distinct
advantages and limitations for particular applications.
A. Any of these forms of chlorine D. Numerous alternative disinfection methods
6. Almost all water systems that disinfect their water use some type of chlorine-based
process, either alone or?
A. Disinfection D. Numerous alternative disinfection methods
B. Chlorine disinfectants E. In combination with other disinfectants
Taste and Odor Control

7. Which of the following terms reduce many disagreeable tastes and odors?
A. Elemental chlorine D. Chlorine disinfectant(s)
B. Disinfection methods E. Chlorine-based process
Biological Growth Control

8. Which of the following terms eliminate slime bacteria, molds and algae that commonly
grow in water supply reservoirs, on the walls of water mains and in storage tanks?
Chemical Control
9. Chlorine disinfectants destroy hydrogen sulfide and remove ammonia and other
nitrogenous compounds that have unpleasant tastes and hinder?
Understanding Disinfection
Water Disinfection
10. Which of the following terms is usually the final stage in the water treatment process in
order to limit the effects of organic material, suspended solids and other contaminants?
B. Chlorine disinfectant E. Dry calcium hypochlorite
11. Like the disinfection of wastewater, the primary methods used for the disinfection of
water in very small (25-500 people) and small (501-3,300 people) treatment systems are
ozone, ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and?
B. Disinfection E. Chlorine
12. There are numerous alternative disinfection processes that have been less widely used
in small and very small water treatment systems, including______________, potassium
permanganate, chloramines and peroxone (ozone/hydrogen peroxide).
A. Disinfection D. Chlorine dioxide
13. Surface waters have been the focal point of __________________ since their inception,
as groundwaters (like wells) have been historically considered to be free of microbiological
contamination. Current data indicates this to not be true.
Chlorine Dioxide
14. Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with?
A. The formula ClO2 D. One of several oxides of chlorine
B. Hypochlorite(s) E. A monohaloacetic acid
C. Available chlorine F. None of the above
15. The molecule ClO2 electronic structure has long baffled chemists because?
A. The same residuals D. None of the possible Lewis structures are very satisfactory
B. A hydrogen atom E. The only liquid hypochlorite disinfectant
C. The molecule ClO2 F. None of the above
16. Which of the following terms is a highly endothermic compound that can decompose
extremely violently when separated from diluting substances?
A. Chlorine dioxide D. The oxide of chlorine
Haloacetic Acids
17. Haloacetic acids are _____________in which a halogen atom takes the place of a
hydrogen atom in acetic acid.
A. The same residuals D. The electronegative halogens
B. Carboxylic acids E. The only liquid hypochlorite disinfectant
18. Thus, in a monohaloacetic acid, a single halogen would replace?

A. Chlorine dioxide D. A hydrogen atom
19. The inductive effect caused by the electronegative halogens often result in the higher
acidity of these compounds by stabilizing?
B. A hydrogen atom E. The negative charge of the conjugate base
Contaminants in Drinking Water
20. Haloacetic acids are a common undesirable by-product of drinking water chlorination.
Exposure to such __________________ in drinking water has been associated with a
number of health outcomes by epidemiological studies, although the putative agent in such
studies has not been identified.
A. Chlorine dioxide D. Disinfection by-products
21. Hypochlorites are calcium or sodium salts of hypochlorous acid and are supplied either
dry or in liquid form. The same residuals are obtained as with___________ , but the effect
on the pH of the treated water is different.
A. The same residuals D. Gas chlorine
22. Which of the following terms contain an excess of alkali and tend to raise the pH of the
water?
A. Chlorine dioxide D. As one of several oxides of chlorine
C. Hypochlorite compounds F. None of the above
23. Which of the following terms is the only liquid hypochlorite disinfectant in current use?
A. The same residuals D. Sodium hypochlorite
24. Which of the following terms, hypochlorite compounds have oxidizing powers equal to
gas chlorine and can be employed for the same purposes in water treatment?
A. All sodium-hypochlorite solutions D. Sodium hypochlorite
B. Hypochlorite(s) E. Pound-for-pound of available chlorine
25. Which of the following terms requires a larger initial investment for feed equipment than
what is needed for hypochlorite compounds?
A. Bromate D. Gas chlorination
B. Trihalomethanes or (THM) E. Chlorine and other chemical disinfectants
C. Chlorite F. None of the above
26. Materials now in common use are _____________ containing about 70 percent
available chlorine and marketed under several trade names.
A. All sodium-hypochlorite solution(s) D. Sodium hypochlorite
B. Hypochlorite(s) E. High-test calcium hypochlorites
27. High-test calcium hypochlorites are ____________that give off a strong chlorine odor.
Granular powdered or tablet forms are commercially available and all are readily soluble in
water.
B. White corrosive solids E. The only liquid hypochlorite disinfectant
28. Sodium hypochlorite is sold only as a liquid and is normally referred to as?
A. Liquid bleach D. Sodium hypochlorite
29. _____________, though highly active, are relatively stable throughout production,
packaging, distribution, and storage.
C. High-test hypochlorites F. None of the above
30. Storage at 86° F. for a year may reduce the __________ by about 10 percent. Storing
at lower temperatures reduces the loss.
A. All sodium-hypochlorite solutions D. Sodium hypochlorite
31. Which of the following terms are unstable to some degree and deteriorate more rapidly
than the dry compounds?
A. The same residuals D. All sodium-hypochlorite solutions
B. A hydrogen atom E. The liquid hypochlorite disinfectants
C. Different disinfectantsF. None of the above
Disinfection Byproducts
32. Which of the following terms are formed when disinfectants used in water treatment
plants react with bromide and/or natural organic matter present in the source water.
A. Bromate D. Disinfection byproducts
33. Which of the following terms produce different types or amounts of disinfection
byproducts.
C. Different disinfectants F. None of the above
34. Disinfection byproducts for which regulations have been established have been
identified in drinking water, including?
A. Bromate D. Trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, bromate, and chlorite
Trihalomethanes (THM)
35. The trihalomethanes are______________, bromodichloromethane,
dibromochloromethane, and bromoform.
B. Chloroform E. Chlorine and other chemical disinfectants
36. Bromate is a chemical that is formed when ______________used to disinfect drinking
water reacts with naturally occurring bromide found in source water.
A. Bromate D. Ozone
37. Chlorite is a byproduct formed when chlorine dioxide is used to disinfect water. EPA has
published the Stage 1 Disinfectants/Disinfection Byproducts Rule to regulate __________ at
a monthly average level of 1 part per million in drinking water.
38. Chloroform, typically the most prevalent ______________measured in chlorinated

water, is probably the most thoroughly studied disinfection byproduct. Toxicological studies
have shown that high levels of chloroform can cause cancer in laboratory animals.
C. Chlorite THM F. None of the above
Understanding Disinfection Byproducts (DBPS)

39. Chlorine and other ______________ have been widely used by public water systems to
protect the public from microbial pathogens in drinking water.
A. Bromate D. Disinfection byproducts or DBPs
B. Trihalomethanes or (THM) E. Chemical disinfectants
C. Organic matter present F. None of the above
40. DBPs are formed when certain disinfectants react with _____________(organic and
inorganic materials) in source waters.
A. DBP precursors D. Disinfection byproducts or DBPs
41. Which of the following terms in drinking water can vary significantly from one point in a
distribution system to another, as many continue to form in the distribution system?
A. The levels of DBPs D. Disinfection byproducts or DBPs
Total Trihalomethanes
42. Which of the following terms are chemical compounds in which three of the four
hydrogen atoms of methane (CH4) are replaced by halogen atoms.
A. The levels of DBPs D. Disinfection byproducts or DBPs
43. Which of the following terms are also environmental pollutants, and many are
considered carcinogenic?
44. Trihalomethanes with all the same halogen atoms are called?
B. Haloforms E. Chlorine and other chemical disinfectants
45. Trihalomethanes result from the reaction of chlorine and/or ___________with organic
matter present in the water being treated.
B. Bromine E. Chlorine and other chemical disinfectants
C. Bromoform F. None of the above
46. Which of the following terms produced have been associated through epidemiological
studies with some adverse health effects?
B. Trihalomethanes or (THMs) E. Chlorine and other chemical disinfectants
47. Trihalomethanes are _______________—the vast majority of which are not

monitored—and it has not yet been clearly demonstrated which of these are the most
plausible candidate for causation of these health effects.
48. In the United States, the EPA limits the total concentration of the four chief constituents
(chloroform, ______________, bromodichloromethane, and dibromochloromethane),
referred to as total trihalomethanes (TTHM), to 80 parts per billion in treated water.
B. Bromine E. Chlorine and other chemical disinfectants
THM Treatment
49. Precursors are ___________________which reacts with chlorine to form THM's.
A. Organic material D. Disinfection byproducts or DBPs
B. Trihalomethanes or (THM) E. Precursors
50. One way to decrease ___________is to eliminate or reduce chlorination before the
filters and to reduce precursors.
B. Trihalomethanes or (THM’S) E. Precursors
51. Which of the following terms present before filtration, so we want to reduce or eliminate
the time chlorine is in contact with this water?
B. Trihalomethanes or (THM) E. There are more precursors
52. If some oxidation before _____________ is required, an alternative disinfectant like
potassium permanganate or peroxide could be considered.
A. Reducing CT values D. Disinfection byproducts or DBPs reduction
B. Trihalomethanes or (THM) removal E. Filtration
C. Enhanced coagulation F. None of the above
53. The EPA has indicated that the best available technology for THM control at treatment
plants is removal of precursors through?
54. Which of the following terms refers to the process of optimizing the filtration process to
maximize removal of precursors?
Chlorine Section- Chlorine (DDBP)

55. Today, most of our drinking water supplies are free of the micro-organisms — viruses,
bacteria, and protozoa — that cause serious and life-threatening diseases, such as cholera
and typhoid fever. This is largely due to the introduction of water treatment,
particularly_______________, at the turn of the century.
A. Disinfection methods D. Numerous alternative disinfection methods
B. Chlorine disinfectant(s) E. Dry calcium hypochlorite
C. Chlorination F. None of the above
56. Living cells react with ________________and reduce its concentration while they die.
B. Hypochlorite(s) E. Chlorine
57. Chlorine present as Cl, HOCl, and OCl¯ is called free available chlorine and that which
is bound but still effective is combined chlorine. A particularly important group of compounds
with?
A. Disinfection methods D. Numerous alternative disinfection methods
B. Chlorine disinfectant(s) E. Dry calcium hypochlorite
C. Chlorination F. None of the above
58. One especially important feature of _____________is the ease of overdosing to create
a residual concentration.
B. Hypochlorite(s) E. Disinfection using chlorine
59. Which of the following terms provides some degree of protection right to the water
faucet?
A. With free available chlorine D. This residual concentration of chlorine
B. Free available chlorine E. No chlorine residual
60. Which of the following terms, a typical residual is from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm?
A. With free available chlorine D. This residual concentration of chlorine
B. Free available chlorine E. No chlorine residual
61. Which of the following terms over the amount that reacts with the organic matter
present?
A. Residual chlorine D. Sodium hypochlorite
B. Free available chlorineE. There will be no chlorine residual unless there is an excess
Chlorine by-products
62. Chlorination by-products are the chemicals formed when ____________used to kill
disease- causing micro-organisms reacts with naturally occurring organic matter in the
water.
B. Hypochlorite(s) E. The chlorine
The principal trihalomethanes are:

63. Which of the following terms are generally lower in winter than in summer, because
concentrations of natural organic matter are lower and less chlorine is required to disinfect
at colder temperatures?
B. THM concentrations E. Precursors
64. High organic matter concentrations and_______________— is true when rivers or other
surface waters are used as the source of the drinking water.
B. High THM levels E. Precursors
Health Effects
65. Laboratory animals exposed to ________________have shown increased incidences of
cancer.
B. Trihalomethanes or (THM) E. Very high levels of THMs
Bacteria Section- Shigella dysenteriae

66. Which of the following terms can cause shigellosis?
A. Shigella D. Shigella dysenteriae
B. Salmonella E. Disease-carrying organisms
C. Fecal coliform bacteria F. None of the above
67. Which of the following terms are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively

anaerobic, non-motile bacteria?
A. Shigellae D. Shigella dysenteriae
68. S. dysenteriae, spread by contaminated water and food, causes the most severe
dysentery because of its potent and deadly Shiga toxin, but other species may also be?
A. Shigellae D. Dysentery agents
69. Which of the following terms is typically via ingestion; depending on age and condition
of the host as few as ten bacterial cells can be enough to cause an infection.
B. Shigella infection E. Disease-carrying organisms
70. Which of the following terms causes dysentery that result in the destruction of the
epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa in the cecum and rectum?
A. Shigella D. Shigella dysenteriae
71. Some strains produce enterotoxin and_____________, similar to the verotoxin of E. coli
O157:H7.
B. Shiga toxin E. Disease-carrying organisms
Salmonella
72. Which of the following terms is a Gram-negative bacterium. It is found in many turtles
and other reptiles?
Escherichia Coli Section

Fecal Coliform Bacteria
73. Which of the following terms are microscopic organisms that live in the intestines of
warm-blooded animals.
A. New sources of bacteria D. Actual pathogens
B. Indicator(s) E. Fecal coliform bacteria
C. Pathogens F. None of the above
74. When fecal coliform bacteria are present in high numbers in a water sample, it means
that the water has received _____________________from one source or another.
A. Enterococcus bacteria D. Bacteria
B. Fecal matter E. Disease-carrying organisms
75. Which of the following terms may indicate the presence of disease-carrying organisms,
which live in the same environment as the fecal coliform bacteria?
Reasons for Natural Variation
76. Unlike the other conventional water quality parameters, _______________ are living
organisms.
B. Indicators E. Disease-carrying organisms
77. Because bacterial concentrations are dependent on specific conditions for growth, and
these conditions change quickly, ______________ counts are not easy to predict.
Expected Impact of Pollution

78. The primary sources of ________________ to fresh water are wastewater treatment
plant discharges, failing septic systems, and animal waste.
79. Which of the following terms do not necessarily decrease as a watershed develops from
rural to urban. Instead, urbanization usually generates new sources of bacteria?
A. New sources of bacteria D. Bacteria levels
80. Farm animal manure and septic systems are replaced by domestic pets and leaking
sanitary sewers. In fact, stormwater runoff in urbanized areas has been found to be?
A. Enterococcus bacteria D. Surprisingly high in fecal coliform bacteria concentrations
81. The presence of old, disintegrating storm and sanitary sewers, misplaced sewer pipes,
and good breeding conditions are common explanations for?
C. The high levels measured F. None of the above
Indicator Connection Varies

82. Which of the following terms are the "indicator" organisms generally measured to
assess microbiological quality of water?
A. Enterococcus bacteria D. General coliforms, E. Coli, and Enterococcus bacteria
B. Bacteria E. Disease-carrying organisms
83. Over the course of a professional lifetime pouring over indicator tests, in a context
where all standards are based on _________________, water workers tend to forget that
the indicators are not the things we actually care about.
What are these indicators?
84. Which of the following terms indicate that the water has come in contact with plant or
animal life?
B. Indicators E. General coliforms
85. At very high levels they indicate there is what amounts to a lot of compost in the water,
which could easily include?
86. Fecal coliforms, particularly ______________, indicate that there are mammal or bird
feces in the water.
A. Pathogen(s) D. Fecal contamination of water
B. E. coli E. Organism
C. E. coli O157:H7 F. None of the above
87. Enterococcus bacteria also indicate that there are feces from warm blooded animals in
the water. Enterococcus are a type of?
A. Feces D. Escherichia coli O157:H7
B. Actual pathogens E. Fecal streptococci
C. Escherichia coli F. None of the above
88. They are another valuable indicator for determining the amount of?
A. Fecal streptococci D. Fecal contamination of water
89. Which of the following terms are the biggest concern, because anything which infects
one human could infect another?
A. Human feces D. Escherichia coli O157:H7
90. Ingesting ____________________via contaminated water supply is a classic means for

infections to spread rapidly.
91. Ingesting feces from someone who is not carrying any __________________may gross
you out, but it can't infect you.
A. Feces D. Pathogens
92. Infection rates are around 5% in the US, and approach 100% in areas with
_________________and contaminated water supplies.
A. Feces D. Poor hygiene
93. Whenever you are trying to form a mental map of reality based on water tests, you
should include in the application of your water intuition an adjustment factor for your best
guess of the ratio between indicators and?
E. coli O157:H7
94. E. coli O157:H7 (bacterium) found in _________________. Symptoms vary with type
caused gastroenteritis.
A. Human feces D. Fecal contamination of water
95. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an emerging cause of foodborne illness. An estimated

73,000 cases of infection and 61 deaths occur in the United States each year. Infection
often leads to bloody diarrhea, and occasionally to kidney failure. Most illnesses have been
associated with eating?
A. Human feces D. Fecal contamination of water
96. Infection can also occur after ___________________and after swimming in or drinking
sewage-contaminated water.
A. Drinking raw milk D. Fecal contamination of water
B. Actual pathogens E. Eating fecal streptococci
C. Eating Escherichia coli F. None of the above
97. Consumers can prevent ________________ infection by thoroughly cooking ground

beef, avoiding unpasteurized milk, and washing hands carefully. Because the organism lives
in the intestines of healthy cattle, preventive measures on cattle farms and during meat
processing are being investigated.
B. E. coli E. Fecal streptococci
What is Escherichia coli O157:H7?

98. E. coli O157:H7 is one of hundreds of strains of the bacterium?
A. Feces D. Escherichia coli 007
99. Which of the following terms was first recognized as a cause of illness in 1982 during an
outbreak of severe bloody diarrhea; the outbreak was traced to contaminated hamburgers.
Since then, most infections have come from eating undercooked ground beef.
100. The combination of letters and numbers in the name of the bacterium refers to the specific
markers found on its surface and distinguishes it from other types of?
A. Pathogen(s) D. Fecal streptococci
B. E. coli E. Organisms
101. Currently, there are four recognized classes of enterovirulent E. coli (collectively referred
to as the EEC group) that cause gastroenteritis in humans. Among these is?
A. A sample is positive for total coliform
B. The enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) strain designated E. coli O157:H7
C. That all bacterial contamination such as E. coli. is inactivated
D. E. coli comes from human and animal wastes
E. Causing human illness by several different mechanisms
F. None of the above
102. E. coli is a normal inhabitant of the intestines of all animals, including humans. When
aerobic culture methods are used, E. coli is?
A. That cause gastroenteritis in humans
B. The dominant species found in feces
C. That cause severe damage to the lining of the intestine
D. May end up in drinking water
E. Can be treated using chlorine, ultra-violet light, or ozone
103. Normally E. coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful
bacterial species and?
A. By synthesizing appreciable amounts of vitamins
B. Although it may be regulated by state or local authorities
D. E. coli comes from human and animal wastes
104. A minority of E. coli strains are capable of causing human illness by ?

A. Causing gastroenteritis in humans
B. Serving a useful function in the body
C. Causing severe damage to the lining of the intestine
D. Causing human illness by several different mechanisms
E. Chlorine, ultra-violet light, or ozone
105. E. coli serotype O157:H7 is a rare variety of E. coli__________________, potent toxins
that cause severe damage to the lining of the intestine. These toxins [verotoxin (VT), shiga-like
toxin] are closely related or identical to the toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae.
D. That produces large quantities of one or more related
How does E. coli or other fecal coliforms get in the water?

106. E. coli____________________________. During rainfalls, snow melts, or other types of
precipitation, E. coli may be washed into creeks, rivers, streams, lakes, or groundwater.
A. Comes from human and animal wastes
B. Serves a useful function in the body
C. Causing severe damage to the lining of the intestine
D. May end up in drinking water
E. Can be treated using chlorine, ultra-violet light, or ozone
107. When these waters are used as sources of drinking water and the water is not treated or
inadequately treated, E. coli?
C. Is a tasty bacterial contamination
D. Comes from human and animal wastes
E. May end up in drinking water
How is water treated to protect me from E. coli?

108. The water can be treated using chlorine, ultra-violet light, or ozone, all of which act to kill
or inactivate E. coli. Systems using surface water sources are required to disinfect to ensure
that all bacterial contamination such as E. coli. is inactivated. Systems using ground water
sources are not required to?
A. Disinfect, although many of them do
B. Serve disinfection
C. Provide chlorination
D. Inform the public of DBPs, although many of them do
E. None of the above
How does the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulate E. coli?

109. According to EPA regulations, _______________, and serves 25 people or more or has
15 or more service connections, is regulated as a public water system under the Safe Drinking
Water Act.
D. If you cause E. coli coming from an operator
E. If you cause a human illness by several different mechanisms, like chlorination mutation
110. Which of the following terms as defined by EPA regulations, it is not regulated under the
Safe Drinking Water Act, although it may be regulated by state or local authorities?
B. If a system is not a public water system
D. If you cause E. coli coming from an operator
111. Under the Safe Drinking Water Act, the EPA requires public water systems to monitor for
coliform bacteria. Systems analyze first for total coliform?
D. Because this test is faster to produce results
112. Which of the following terms, the same sample must be analyzed for either fecal coliform
or E. coli. Both are indicators of contamination with animal waste or human sewage?
A. That cause gastroenteritis in humans
C. That cause severe damage to the lining of the intestine
D. Any time that a sample is positive for total coliform
113. Smaller systems must take at least five samples a month unless the state has conducted
a sanitary survey – a survey in which a state inspector examines system components and
ensures they will protect public health –_____________________.
D. At the system within the last five years
E. Preventing human illness by several different mechanisms
114. Systems serving 25 to 1,000 people typically take one sample per month. Some states
reduce this frequency to quarterly for ground water systems if a recent sanitary survey shows
that the system is free of?
B. E. coli E. Sanitary defects
115. Some types of systems can qualify for annual monitoring. Systems using surface water,
rather than ground water, are required to take extra steps to protect against
_______________because surface water sources are more vulnerable to such contamination.
B. E. coli E. Bacterial contamination
What can I do to protect myself from E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water?
116. Approximately 89 percent of Americans are receiving water from?
A. Treated seawater and may cause gastroenteritis in humans
B. Although it may be regulated by state or local authorities, it is okay for non-potable use
C. Removing all bacterial contamination such as E. coli. and all bacteria is inactivated
D. The system where the operator is e.coli free, at least on paper
E. Community water systems that meet all health-based standards
Positive Tests
117. If you draw water from a private well, you can contact your state health department to
obtain information on how to have your well tested for______________, and E. coli
contamination.
B. E. coli E. Total coliforms
118. If your well tests positive for _______________, there are several steps that you should
take: (1) begin boiling all water intended for consumption, (2) disinfect the well according to
procedures recommended by your local health department, and (3) monitor your water quality to
make certain that the problem does not recur.
119. If _________________is a recurring problem, you should investigate the feasibility of

drilling a new well or install a point-of-entry disinfection unit, which can use chlorine, ultraviolet
light, or ozone.
A. Pathogen(s) D. Bacteria
B. E. coli E. The contamination
120. Which of the following terms in diarrheal stools of infected persons can be passed from
one person to another if hygiene or hand washing habits are inadequate?
B. E. coli E. The contamination
121. Family members and playmates of these children are at high risk of becoming infected.
Young children typically shed the organism in their feces for a week or two after their illness
resolves. Older children rarely carry the?
B. E. coli E. Organism without symptoms
Legionnaires' Disease Legionella Section

122. The first discovery of bacteria from __________________ came in 1976 when an
outbreak of pneumonia at an American Legion convention led to 29 deaths.
A. Legionella bacteria D. Original American Legion outbreak
B. Genus Legionella E. Pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a milder illness
C. Organism F. None of the above
123. _____________________, what would come to be known as Legionella pneumophila,
was isolated and given its own genus.
B. Genus Legionella E. The causative agent
C. Bacteria F. None of the above
124. The organisms classified in this genus are ________________________that are

considered intracellular parasites.
B. Genus Legionella E. Gram-negative bacteria
What have been the water sources for Legionnaires' disease?

125. The major source is water distribution systems of large buildings, including hotels and
hospitals. Cooling towers have long been thought to be a major source for _____________, but
new data suggest that this is an overemphasized mode of transmission.
A. Legionella D. Original American Legion outbreak
126. Air conditioners are not a source for________________. They were suspected to be the
source in the original American Legion outbreak in a Philadelphia hotel.
C. Legionnaires' disease F. None of the above
127. Which of the following terms is caused most commonly by the inhalation of small droplets
of water or fine aerosol containing Legionella bacteria?
B. Legionnaire’s disease E. Pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a milder illness
128. Which of the following terms are naturally found in environmental water sources such as
rivers, lakes and ponds and may colonize man-made water systems that include air conditioning
systems, humidifiers, cooling tower waters, hot water systems, spas and pools.
B. Legionnaire’s disease E. Pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a milder illness
How do people contract Legionella?

129. The most popular theory is that the organism is aerosolized in water and people inhale the
droplets containing?
B. Legionella E. Pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a milder illness
130. "Aspiration" is the most common way that bacteria enter into the lungs to cause?
B. Genus Legionella E. Pneumonia
C. Legionnaire’s disease F. None of the above
131. Which of the following terms means choking such that secretions in the mouth get past the
choking reflexes and instead of going into the esophagus and stomach, mistakenly, enter the
lung?
A. Aspiration D. Legionella testing of environmental samples
B. Common mode of transmission E. Not part of a routine maintenance program
C. Resulting in expensive settlements F. None of the above
132. Which of the following terms - to prevent aspiration is defective in patients who smoke or
have lung disease?
A. Aspiration D. The protective mechanisms
B. Common mode of transmission E. Not part of a routine maintenance program
133. Which of the following terms - may multiply to high numbers in cooling towers, evaporative
condensers, air washers, humidifiers, hot water heaters, spas, fountains, and plumbing fixtures?
B. Legionella E. Pneumonia, and Pontiac fever, a milder illness
134. Once high numbers of Legionella have been found, ___________for disinfecting water
systems with chlorine and detergent is available. This procedure is not part of a routine
maintenance program because equipment may become corroded.
A. A relatively simple procedure D. Legionella testing of environmental samples
B. Exercising 'reasonable care' E. Not part of a routine maintenance program
135. Property owners have been sued for the spread of Legionella, resulting in expensive
settlements. ________________with a battery of DFA monoclonal antibodies for several
serogroups and species of Legionella morphologically intact bacteria provides a means for
exercising 'reasonable care' to deter potential litigation.
A. Regular monitoring D. Legionella testing of environmental samples
136. Currently, there are no United States government regulations concerning permissible
numbers of legionella in water systems and there are no federal or state certification programs
for laboratories that perform?
A. Aspiration D. Legionella testing of environmental samples
Viruses
137. Viruses are acellular microorganisms. They are made up of only genetic material and a
protein coat. Viruses depend on the energy and metabolic machinery of?
A. The host cell to reproduce D. Organism
B. Bacteria E. Infectious diseases
C. Fecal coliforms F. None of the above
138. Which of the following terms - consist of genetic material—either deoxyribonucleic acid or
ribonucleic acid surrounded by a protective coating of protein, called a capsid, with or without an
outer lipid envelope?
A. Virus(es) D. Organism
B. Bacteria E. Cells
139. Which of the following terms - are between 20 and 100 times smaller than bacteria and
hence are too small to be seen by light microscopy.
A. Virus(es) D. Viruses are not considered free-living
B. Bacteria E. Although many infectious diseases
140. Which of the following terms - are not considered free-living, since they cannot reproduce
outside of a living cell; they have evolved to transmit their genetic information?
A. Virus(es) D. Viruses are not considered free-living
B. Bacteria E. Although many infectious diseases
141. A few viruses stimulate cells to grow uncontrollably and produce cancers. Although many
infectious diseases, such as the common cold, are caused by viruses, there are no cures for
these?
A. Virus(es) D. Organisms
B. Illnesses E. Infectious diseases
Bacteriological Monitoring Review

142. 26 _______________have been documented each year in the United States over the past
25 years.
A. Pathogen outbreaks D. Waterborne-disease outbreaks
B. E. coli outbreaks E. Total coliforms outbreaks
C. Fecal coliforms outbreaks F. None of the above
143. Although significant improvements in drinking water and wastewater treatment have been
achieved, ________________ indicate that certain types and sources of waterborne pathogens
are still a threat to human health in the United States.
A. Pathogen outbreaks D. Waterborne-disease outbreaks
B. E. coli outbreaks E. Total coliforms outbreaks
C. Fecal coliforms outbreaks F. None of the above
144. In particular, waterborne disease outbreaks caused by Escherichia coli O157.:H7 were
reported more frequently in 1995-96 than in previous years, and during that same period,
_________________ caused large outbreaks associated with recreational water quality.
A. Pathogen(s) D. Cryptosporidium and Giardia
145. Microbiological examination of water is used to determine the sanitary quality of water and
the public health risk from?
A. Pathogen(s) D. Escherichia coli O157.:H7
B. E. coli E. Waterborne disease
C. Outbreak(s) F. None of the above
146. Monitoring programs vary widely at the local level for recreational waters, and the result is
the __________________ across the United States
147. Concepts about the relation between the occurrence and distribution of
_________________and a range of environmental factors such as climate, hydrology, land use,
and human and animal population densities need to be tested in areas that represent the
national water-use patterns for public and domestic supply and for recreational uses.
B. E. coli E. Organisms
C. Outbreak(s) F. None of the above
Understanding Bacteriological Monitoring

Understanding Bacteria Sampling
148. Waterborne bacterial pathogens in the United States include species in the genera
Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and pathogenic strains of?
A. Infectious diseases D. Escherichia coli O157.:H7
149. Because bacterial pathogens generally appear intermittently in low concentrations in the
environment and because methods of culturing are difficult, ______________are used to
indicate the possible presence of pathogens.
A. Pathogen(s) D. Fecal-indicator bacteria
B. E. coli E. Bac-T tests
C. Total Coliform F. None of the above
150. Which of the following terms - should be applicable in all types of water; unable to
reproduce in ambient waters; be harmless to man and other animals; lend itself to easy,
quantitative testing procedures?
A. Pathogen(s) D. Fecal-indicator bacteria
B. E. coli E. Bac-T tests
C. Total Coliform F. None of the above
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Water Treatment Primer 3 Training Course $100.00

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