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Area of A Circle

This document contains mathematical formulae for calculating areas and volumes of common shapes, trigonometric ratios, probability rules, statistical measures, and algebraic identities. Key formulae include those for the area of a circle, volume of a cylinder, Pythagoras' theorem, standard deviation, probability addition rule, and associative properties. The document emphasizes understanding rather than memorizing the various mathematical relationships.

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Florence Tangkihay
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45 views61 pages

Area of A Circle

This document contains mathematical formulae for calculating areas and volumes of common shapes, trigonometric ratios, probability rules, statistical measures, and algebraic identities. Key formulae include those for the area of a circle, volume of a cylinder, Pythagoras' theorem, standard deviation, probability addition rule, and associative properties. The document emphasizes understanding rather than memorizing the various mathematical relationships.

Uploaded by

Florence Tangkihay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2

A = πr
(Area of a Circle)
C = πd
(Circumference of a Circle)
1
A = ab sin C
2
(Area of a triangle)
A 1
= 2 bh
(Area of a triangle)
1
A=2 (a+b)h
(Area of a trapezium)
V = lbd
(Volume of a cuboid)
2
V = πr h
(Volume of a cylinder)
V 4
= 3 πr 3
(Volume of Sphere)
2 2 2
a =b +c
“The square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum
of the squares of the other two sides”

(Pythagoras’ theorem)
2
-b √ b – 4ac
+
x=
2a
when ax2 + bx + c = 0

(The Quadratic formula)


V = AL
“Cross-sectional area  length”
(Volume of a prism)
Opposite
Hypotenuse
Sin  =
(Trigonometry for right angled triangles)
Adjacent
Hypotenuse
Cos  =
(Trigonometry for right angled triangles)
Opposite
Adjacent
Tan  =
(Trigonometry for right angled triangles)
a b c
= =
Sin A Sin B Sin C
(Trigonometry for any triangle,
The Sine rule for lengths)
Sin A Sin B Sin C
= =
a b c
(Trigonometry for any triangle,
The Sine rule for angles)
2 2 2
a = b + c – 2bc Cos A
(Trigonometry for any triangle,
The Cosine rule for lengths)
2 2 2
b +c –a
Cos A =
2bc
(Trigonometry for any triangle,
The Cosine rule for angles)
Σfx
x=
Σf
(Mean of a frequency distribution,
where x is the mid-interval value)
2
2 Σ (x – x)
σ =
n
(Variance)
2
Σ (x – x)
σ=
√ n
(Standard deviation of a set of numbers)
2
Σf(x – x)
σ=
√ Σf
(Standard deviation of a
discrete frequency distribution)
2 2
Σx Σx
σ=
√ n –
n
(Standard deviation of a set of numbers)
2 2
σ= Σfx Σfx
–
√ Σf Σf
(Standard deviation of a discrete
frequency distribution)
2
X ~ N(μ,σ )
(Random normal variable X
with mean μ and standard deviation σ)
2
Z ~ N(0,1 )
(Standard Random normal variable Z
with Mean 0 and standard deviation 1)
X – μx
Z=
σx
(Standardised score)
n r n–r
C rp q
(The binomial expansion)
n P n
n!
Cr = r =
r! r!(n–r)!
(Number of combinations of n
different things taken r at a time)
n n!
Pr =
(n–r)!
(Number of permutations of n
different things taken r at a time)
2
ρ=1–
6Σd
2
n(n - 1)
(Spearman’s coefficient
of rank correlation)
P(AB) =
P(A)+P(B)-P(AB)
(Probability Addition law
for independent events)
P(AB) =
P(A) x P(B|A)

(Probability Multiplication
law
P(A|B) =
P(B|A)P(A)
P(B|A)P(A)+P(B|Aʹ)P(Aʹ)
(Probability Multiplication law
for independent events)

(Bayes’ Theorem,
2
2 (Σx )
Sxx = Σxi – n i

(Used in linear regression and


correlation)
2
2 (Σy )
Syy = Σyi – n i

(Used in linear regression and


correlation)
ΣxiΣyi
Sxy = Σxiyi – n
(Used in linear regression and
correlation)
Sxy
r=
√Sxx Syy
(Pearson’s Product
Moment Correlation
Coefficient)
(a+b)+c ≡ a+(b+c)

(Associative addition
a+b≡b+c
(a  b)  c ≡
a  (b  c)
(Associative
multiplication law)
ab≡ba
a(b+c) ≡ ab + bc

(Distributive law)
2
(a+b) ≡
2 2
a +2ab+b
(Polynomial Identities:
Square of linear
expression)
2 2
a –b ≡
(a + b)(a – b)
(Polynomial Identities:
Difference of two
squares)
(x+a)(x+b) ≡
2
x +(a+b)x+ab
(Polynomial Identities:
Quadratic factors)
2
(x+p) + q ≡
2 2
X + 2px + (p +q)
(Polynomial
Identities:
‘Completing the
x x ≡x
a b (a+b)

(Exponential
Identities:
Multiplication law)
a b ab
(x ) ≡ x
(Exponential
Identities:
Raising a power to a
power)
-a1
x ≡ a
x
(Exponential
Identities:
Negative powers)
a
x ≡ (√ x )
a b
b
(Exponential
Identities:
Fractional exponent)
It is important NOT
to try and memorise
these formulae, but to
UNDERSTAND
them.

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