Anode Baking

Light Metals 2011 Edited by: Stephen J.
Lindsay
TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 2011
OPERATION OF AN OPEN-TYPE ANODE BAKING FURNACE WITH A TEMPORARY

CROSSOVER
Esteban Cobo1, Jorge Rey Boero1,Luis Beltramino1, Juan Pablo Artola1,Jean Bigot2,Pierre-Jean Roy2
1
Carbon Dept. – Research and Development Area - Aluar SAIC,
2
Rio Tinto Alcan, Aluval, Centr’Alp ,BP7 ,38341 Voreppe, France
Keywords: Anode baking furnace, refractory construction, fire operation
Abstract
As part of the Puerto Madryn smelter expansion project, Aluar

Aluminio Argentino has built and now operates an open type
furnace designed with Rio Tinto Alcan AP Technology. The
furnace was built and put into service in two stages, each of which
consisted of 34 sections and 2 fires. In order to allow the erection
of the second stage and the connection between both halves of the
furnace, a method that had proved to be successful on other
projects, was applied. A temporary crossover was used to connect
two sections at the end of the first stage. This paper describes the
experience gained during the operation under these conditions and
the procedure and process control modifications that have been Figure 1. Schematic view of the furnace during temporary
necessary to maintain the anode baking quality. connection
Introduction The installation of a temporary crossover was one of the main

steps for connecting the two halves of the furnace during
Aluar Aluminio Argentino operates the only aluminum smelter in construction. Twice before Aluar, this type of equipment and
Argentina. It commenced production in 1974 with a nominal methodology was used successfully for anode baking furnace
capacity of 140000 t Al/year. After the retrofitting of the original expansions: in 1979 at Sabart, and in 1986 at St Jean de
Montecatini cells, using an in-house developed technology, and Maurienne, both in France.
two expansion projects, the plant has reached its present capacity
of 430000 t Al/year (2010). During the last expansion project, a More recently this technique was used in 2008 at Tomago
new open type baking furnace was built in order to fulfill the Aluminium Company in Australia to rebuild the oldest anode
anode requirements from the pot rooms. baking furnace, which was started up in 1983. The concrete tub
was retained with some strengthening. The heat insulating and
The furnace was built in two stages. The first 34 sections, 8 pits, refractory were changed. The 74-section furnace was completely
192 anodes per section stage, was dried out during September rebuilt in a record four months, from the beginning of demolition
2007. The anode handling equipment and the firing control to laying the last top block. The project was carried out in two
system, for this two fires furnace, were commissioned during the steps with one half of the furnace being rebuilt while the other
drying out process. half remained in operation with the use of a temporary crossover.
This reduced the need for inventory and external purchases of
In the second stage, the furnace was extended by a further 34 baked anodes.
sections. The drying out process of these sections started in May
2009. The result is a furnace with 68 sections and 4 fires. Although this type of equipment and methodology were used in
these projects, some adjustments and improvements from the
The end sections of the first stage of the furnace have been originally considered procedures were developed to reduce the
modified taking into account the work required for the erection impact in the furnace operation. The purpose of this paper is to
and connection of the second stage. Therefore, the end headwalls, describe the experience of operating an open type furnace with a
heat insulated sidewall in sections 52 and 17 (see furnace scheme temporary crossover during 6 months. As some impacts in the
in Figure 1) have been designed to reduce and facilitate the baking process behavior have been observed under these
modifications required for the furnace extension. operating conditions, the actions which should have been taken to
minimize their effects are described.
The construction of stage 2 began at the “new” end of the
complete baking furnace, namely sections 34 and 35 (Figure 1),
and progressed towards the center of the furnace, in order to
minimize furnace operation disruption.
The stage 2 works, while the stage 1 furnace was in operation,

created many operating constraint which will be described in the
following paragraphs.
847
Temporary crossover Before installing the temporary crossover, the stage 1 furnace
needed to be prepared and modified. Sections 16, 17, 52 and 53
In an open type furnace, the gases flow along each flue wall line, were fully loaded with baked anodes and packed with coke.
from the blowing ramp and even the cooling ramp, up to the Therefore, four sections of the first stage furnace were not used in
exhaust ramp. The regulation of the negative pressure downstream the anode baking process during the operation with the temporary
of the heating zone and the high pressure in the blowing zone crossover. The second top blocks of section 16 and the third top
allow the control of the flow inside the flue walls and the fire blocks of section 53, as well as some bricks were removed, in
progression speed. order to allow the vertical ducts of the temporary crossover to be
installed.
The typical design of the open type furnace has two metallic
ducts, with the inner part lined with insulating materials, which Once the brickwork modifications were finished, the temporary
are located at each end of the furnace. These devices, called crossover was installed. The metallic connections with the flue
crossovers, are used to collect the gases from each line of flue walls were not in direct contact with the bricks, allowing free
walls and to conduct them from one furnace half to the other. expansion and movement of the different materials. Pressed
refractory fiber was used to ensure the tightness between the
Before the erection of sections 18 and 51, i.e. the “new” sections vertical metallic connections and the flue walls. Figure 3 shows
adjacent to the “old” ones, it was necessary to remove the the erection of the temporary crossover after finishing the
crossover between sections 17 and 52, and to demolish the end brickwork modifications.
insulation. Modifications of the headwalls between the “old” and
“new” sections were also required. In order to allow the normal The gas passage at the central baffle was closed with dense bricks,
operation of stage 1 furnace, a temporary crossover was installed separating in this way the end sections from the rest of the
between section 16, second flue wall peephole and section 53, furnace. In order to avoid any flow of gasses into the furnace,
third flue wall peephole. Figure 2 shows a scheme of this expandable baffles were located at the headwall windows, close to
configuration the fourth line of peepholes of section 16 and the first line of
section 53.
Figure 3: Erection jobs of the temporary crossover.
Figure 4 shows a sketch of a flue wall configuration in section 53.

The gas flow is indicated and the brickwork and expandable
baffles “blocks” are shown.
Figure 2: Schematic view of the location of the temporary
crossover on the dead sections.
It is important to point out that many actions were taken in
relation to the interlocks of the movements of the central
The temporary crossover was made of four metallic separated
conveyors and with the furnace tending assembly, in order to
square section segments. These parts were joined with expansion
ensure a safe operation while the temporary crossover was in
seams and internally insulated, in order to protect the metal sheet
operation.
from the high temperatures and reduce the heat loss. The
segments were laid with metal legs on the corbel casing and the
flue walls. They were connected to the flue walls by rectangular
ducts.
848

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Light Metals 2011 Edited by: Stephen J.

OPERATION OF AN OPEN-TYPE ANODE BAKING FURNACE WITH A TEMPORARY

Keywords: Anode baking furnace, refractory construction, fire operation

As part of the Puerto Madryn smelter expansion project, Aluar

Introduction The installation of a temporary crossover was one of the main

The stage 2 works, while the stage 1 furnace was in operation,

Figure 3: Erection jobs of the temporary crossover.

Figure 4 shows a sketch of a flue wall configuration in section 53.

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