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NumPy Part 2 (Python)

NumPy supports many numerical data types that have unique characteristics. These include integer, float, complex, and boolean types of various precisions. NumPy data types are defined using dtype objects which describe the interpretation of memory blocks corresponding to arrays. Dtype objects specify aspects like the type of data, size, byte order, and for structured types, field names and data types.

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29 views

NumPy Part 2 (Python)

NumPy supports many numerical data types that have unique characteristics. These include integer, float, complex, and boolean types of various precisions. NumPy data types are defined using dtype objects which describe the interpretation of memory blocks corresponding to arrays. Dtype objects specify aspects like the type of data, size, byte order, and for structured types, field names and data types.

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Dharmendra Patel Dm
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© © All Rights Reserved
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NumPy - Data Types

NumPy supports a much greater variety of numerical types than Python does. The following
table shows different scalar data types defined in NumPy.

Sr.No. Data Types & Description

bool_
1
Boolean (True or False) stored as a byte
int_
2
Default integer type (same as C long; normally either int64 or int32)
intc
3
Identical to C int (normally int32 or int64)
intp
4
Integer used for indexing (same as C ssize_t; normally either int32 or int64)
int8
5
Byte (-128 to 127)
int16
6
Integer (-32768 to 32767)
int32
7
Integer (-2147483648 to 2147483647)
int64
8
Integer (-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807)
uint8
9
Unsigned integer (0 to 255)
uint16
10
Unsigned integer (0 to 65535)
uint32
11
Unsigned integer (0 to 4294967295)
uint64
12
Unsigned integer (0 to 18446744073709551615)
float_
13
Shorthand for float64
float16
14
Half precision float: sign bit, 5 bits exponent, 10 bits mantissa
float32
15
Single precision float: sign bit, 8 bits exponent, 23 bits mantissa
float64
16
Double precision float: sign bit, 11 bits exponent, 52 bits mantissa
complex_
17
Shorthand for complex128
complex64
18
Complex number, represented by two 32-bit floats (real and imaginary components)
complex128
19
Complex number, represented by two 64-bit floats (real and imaginary components)

NumPy numerical types are instances of dtype (data-type) objects, each having unique
characteristics. The dtypes are available as np.bool_, np.float32, etc.

Data Type Objects (dtype)

A data type object describes interpretation of fixed block of memory corresponding to an array,
depending on the following aspects −

 Type of data (integer, float or Python object)


 Size of data
 Byte order (little-endian or big-endian)
 In case of structured type, the names of fields, data type of each field and part of the
memory block taken by each field.
 If data type is a subarray, its shape and data type

The byte order is decided by prefixing '<' or '>' to data type. '<' means that encoding is little-
endian (least significant is stored in smallest address). '>' means that encoding is big-endian
(most significant byte is stored in smallest address).

A dtype object is constructed using the following syntax −

numpy.dtype(object, align, copy)


The parameters are −

 Object − To be converted to data type object


 Align − If true, adds padding to the field to make it similar to C-struct
 Copy − Makes a new copy of dtype object. If false, the result is reference to builtin data
type object

Example 1

# using array-scalar type


import numpy as np
dt = np.dtype(np.int32)
print dt

The output is as follows −

int32

Example 2

#int8, int16, int32, int64 can be replaced by equivalent string 'i1',


'i2','i4', etc.
import numpy as np

dt = np.dtype('i4')
print dt

The output is as follows −

int32

Example 3

# using endian notation


import numpy as np
dt = np.dtype('>i4')
print dt

The output is as follows −

>i4

The following examples show the use of structured data type. Here, the field name and the
corresponding scalar data type is to be declared.

Example 4
# first create structured data type
import numpy as np
dt = np.dtype([('age',np.int8)])
print dt

The output is as follows −

[('age', 'i1')]

Example 5

# now apply it to ndarray object


import numpy as np

dt = np.dtype([('age',np.int8)])
a = np.array([(10,),(20,),(30,)], dtype = dt)
print a

The output is as follows −

[(10,) (20,) (30,)]

Example 6

# file name can be used to access content of age column


import numpy as np

dt = np.dtype([('age',np.int8)])
a = np.array([(10,),(20,),(30,)], dtype = dt)
print a['age']

The output is as follows −

[10 20 30]

Example 7

The following examples define a structured data type called student with a string field 'name', an
integer field 'age' and a float field 'marks'. This dtype is applied to ndarray object.

import numpy as np
student = np.dtype([('name','S20'), ('age', 'i1'), ('marks', 'f4')])
print student

The output is as follows −

[('name', 'S20'), ('age', 'i1'), ('marks', '<f4')])


Example 8

import numpy as np

student = np.dtype([('name','S20'), ('age', 'i1'), ('marks', 'f4')])


a = np.array([('abc', 21, 50),('xyz', 18, 75)], dtype = student)
print a

The output is as follows −

[('abc', 21, 50.0), ('xyz', 18, 75.0)]

Each built-in data type has a character code that uniquely identifies it.

 'b' − boolean
 'i' − (signed) integer
 'u' − unsigned integer
 'f' − floating-point
 'c' − complex-floating point
 'm' − timedelta
 'M' − datetime
 'O' − (Python) objects
 'S', 'a' − (byte-)string
 'U' − Unicode
 'V' − raw data (void)

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