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Satellite Subsystems

The document discusses the key components and subsystems of a satellite system. It describes the space segment as consisting of the satellite and ground control facility, while the earth segment includes transmission, reception, and network equipment. The satellite contains subsystems that support its structure, power, attitude control, thermal control, and telemetry, tracking and control. It also carries a payload to provide communication services by relaying signals between uplink and downlink via a transponder and antenna. The tracking, telemetry, command and monitoring subsystem allows ground stations to monitor and control the satellite's operations from orbit.

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Jenkin WInston
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327 views4 pages

Satellite Subsystems

The document discusses the key components and subsystems of a satellite system. It describes the space segment as consisting of the satellite and ground control facility, while the earth segment includes transmission, reception, and network equipment. The satellite contains subsystems that support its structure, power, attitude control, thermal control, and telemetry, tracking and control. It also carries a payload to provide communication services by relaying signals between uplink and downlink via a transponder and antenna. The tracking, telemetry, command and monitoring subsystem allows ground stations to monitor and control the satellite's operations from orbit.

Uploaded by

Jenkin WInston
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Satellite Subsystems

The generic satellite system is given in figure 3.1. It consists of orbital configuration
of space components, ground based components, and network elements.

The basic satellite systems relay information between two ground stations. Usually
relayed information may be voice, data, video or combination of three. The satellite is
controlled from the ground through a satellite control facility called master control
center.
Space segment – satellite, ground control facility
Earth segment – transmitter, receiver and network interface equipments
Based on function, space segment is categorized as the bus and the payload.
Bus: Satellite and subsytems that support the satellite.
 Physical structure
 Power subsystem
 Attitude and orbital control subsystem
 Thermal control subsytem
 Telemetry, tracking and control subsystem
Payload: Equipment that provide services.
 Relay between uplink and downlink
 Transponder
 antenna

Tracking, telemetry, Command and Monitoring:


Keep the satellite safely operating in the orbit. TTCM links operations are done through
separate earth terminal facility. One TTCM can maintain several spacecrafts in orbit
simultaneously through TTCM link. These links operates in the same frequency band
or separate band.
The satellite TTCM consists of
 antenna
 command receiver
 tracking and telemetry transmitter
 tracking sensor
Telemetry data are received from the other subsystems of the spacecraft such as
payload, power, attitude control and thermal control.
Command data are relayed from command receiver to other subsytems to control such
parameters as antenna pointing, transponder modes of operation, battery and solar cell
changes.
The ground TTCM consists of
 antenna
 telemetry receiver
 command transmitter
 tracking subsystem
 processing and functional analysis unit

Tracking:
Refers to determination of current orbit, position and movement of the spacecraft. It is
accomplished through beacon signals received at satellite TTCM earth station.
 The Doppler shift of the beacon is monitored to determine the rate at which the
range is changing. The range can be determined by observing the time delay of
a pulse or sequence of pulses transmitted from the satellite.
 Angular measurements from one or more earth terminals can be used to
determine the spacecraft location.
 Acceleration and velocity sensors on the satellite are used to monitor the changes
in the orbital location.
Telemetry:
It involves the collection of data from sensors on-board the spacecraft and the relay of
this transmission to the ground. The telemetered data include
 Voltage and current conditions in the power subsystem
 Temperature of critical subsystems
 Status of switches and relays in communication and antenna subsystem
 Fuel tank pressure
 Attitude control sensor status
These telemetric data are communicated through 100 channels in digital or analog form.
 Modulation used: FSK or PSK
 Channel access : TDM
 Data rate: few Kbps
Command:
In response to the telemetric information received from the ground, the command
system relays control operation information to the spacecraft. The typical commands
include
 Changes and corrections in attitude control and orbital control
 Antenna pointing and control
 Transponder mode of operation
 Battery voltage control.
The command system is used to control the firing of boost motor, solar panels and
antenna reflectors and spin stabilization spacecraft body.
To avoid unintentional or intentional signal corrupting the command link, the command
links are encrypted with secure codes. The command procedure also involves multiple
transmissions to the spacecraft to assure the validity and correct reception of the
command, before the execute instruction is transmitted.
The TTCM may become inoperable if the antenna is not deployed or the spacecraft
attitude is not proper for transmission from earth. If the TTCM unit fails to operate a
backup TTCM units operated with omni directional antennas in UHF or S-band to allow
operations in adverse conditions.

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