N.W.: Construction of UT @ KM. 66.

966 On Neeva Branch Canal

Hydraulic Particulars of Canal.

1 Discharge required 6.000 Cumecs

2 Discharge designed 9.783 Cumecs

3 Bed width 5.10 m

4 F.S.D. 1.70 m

5 Free Board 0.50 m

6 Canal Bed Level 413.916 /413.841

7 F.S.L. 415.616 /415.541

8 T.B.L. 416.116 /416041

9 Side slopes 2:1

10 Bed fall 1 in 8000

11 Velocity 0.677 m/sec.

12 Value of 'n' 0.018

13 Bank widths ( at structure portion ) 6m / 2.5m

14 Type of canal Lined

Hydraulic Particulars of Vagu :

1 Catchment area of of stream 13.450 Sq. Km

2 Bed level of vagu @ crossing 409.775

3 M.F.D. 116.870 cumecs

Canal
 I. HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS

Calculation of M.F.D. (As per CE/CDO manual)

( For Branch canals with velocity in vents > 3.0m/s)

( i ) Catchment area of vagu 13.450 Sq.Km.

or 5.1917 Sq.Miles
From Ryve's formula, the value of 'C' = 1200

M.F.D. = C M3/4 ( Q > 500 Cusecs)

= 1200 X 5.192 3/4

= 4127.28 Cusecs , or 116.872 Cumecs.
Total Discharge for design = 116.870 Cumecs

Lacey's Bed width = 4.8 x 10.811 = 51.891 m

Fluming by 60 % = 31.135 m

T.P. PARTICULARS AT CENTRE OF CROSSING

409.775

1.00 SOILS
408.775
H.R

Certified that the trial pit is verified and the Soil Classification
is found to be correct..

Assistat Engineer Deputy Executive Engineer

AVR HNSS Sub Division -1D AVR HNSS Sub Division -1D
Madanapalli. Madanapalli.

Executive Engineer Superintending Engineer

AVR HNSS Division - 10 AVR HNSS Circle - 3
Dharmavaram. Madanapalle.
 VENT WAY ( Running full )

0.15 3.20
0.15 0.212

3.000
2.700

2.700
2.925 3.50
0.106

3.35
0.075
3.20

No. of vents : 3

Size of haunches : 0.15 x 0.15 m

Discharge : 116.870 Cumecs

Area of each vent : 3.50 x 3.000 = 10.5 m2

Deduct area of haunces : 4 x 0.50 x 0.15 x 0.15 = 0.045 m2

Deduct area of W.C. : 0.50 x ( 3.20 + 3.35 ) x 0.075 = 0.246

Net area of each vent : 10.5 - 0.045 - 0.246 = 10.21 m2

Net area of three vents : 10.21 x 3= 30.63 m2

Velocity of flow in the barrel : 116.870 = 3.816 m/sec

30.628

Perimeter of one vent = 3.35 + 0.2121 x 2 + 2.70 x 2

+ 0.1061 x 2 + 3.20 = 12.586

Perimeter of 3 vents = 12.586 x 3 = 37.76 m

m2

m2

m
 FLOW CONDITIONS OF DRAIN
N.W. : - CONSTRUCTION OF U.T. @ K.M.66.966 ON NEEVA BRANCH CANAL.

1 Discharge Of Vagu 'Q' = 116.870 m3/sec

2 Width of each vent = 3.500 m
3 Height of Barrel= 3.000 m
4 Thickness of slab & side wall 0.400 m
5 No. of vents = 3
6 Bed width at 'C' & 'F' 11.300 m
7 Bed width at 'D' & 'E' 10.500 m
8 U/S transition length = 18.000 m
9 D/S transition length = 13.600 m
10 Length of Barrel = 23.400 m
11 Bed level at 'A' & 'B' = 409.200 m
Bed Level at 'B2" = 408.400
12 Bed level at 'C' & 'D' = 410.191 m
13 Bed level at 'E' & 'F' = 410.191 m
15 Bed level at 'G' & 'H' = 410.191 m
16 Value of 'n' = 0.018
17 Min. splay on u/s,= 2 in 1
18 Min. splay on d/s,= 2.5 in 1
19 Max. permissible velocity : 4 m/s
20 Top of head wall on d/s 416.116
21 Top of head wall on u/s 416.116

6.000 TW: 13.900 2.500

TBL: 416.116 416.116
0.5 FSL 415.616 ###
2.0 :1 2.0 :1
Banking FSD:1.70 Banking

CBL 413.916 413.516

0.4
413.516 BW : 5.10 413.116
413.116
2.925 Flow
410.191 410.191
409.200 410.191
408.400
3.8

13.600 23.400 18.00

1 1
2.5 3.50 2
22.18

29.30

11.30 Flow 11.30

A B C D E F
3.50 G H

RCC Barrel
3 vents of size 3.5 x 3.000 m
503.589
0.10
0.20
0.25

1.725
2.28
501.314

409.150

410.241

0.050

410.241
 Flow condition of Drain
N.W. : - CONSTRUCTION OF U.T. @ K.M.66.966 ON NEEVA BRANCH CANAL.

Splay 3 in1 Splay 2 in 1

22.18 Drain flow 29.30 Drain flow
AB C D EF G H

13.600 23.400 18.000

0.00
Discharge Of Vagu 'Q' = 116.87 m /sec
3

Width of each vent = 3.500 m

Height of Barrel= 3.000 m
No. of vents = 3
Length of Barrel = 23.400 m
U/S transition length = 18.000 m
D/S transition length = 13.600 m
Bed width at 'C' & 'F' = 11.300 m
Bed width at 'E' & 'D' = 10.500 m
Bed level at 'A' and 'B' = 409.200 m
Bed level at 'C' &'D' = 410.191 m
Bed level at 'E' & 'F' = 410.191 m
Bed level at 'G' & 'H' = 410.191 m
Value of 'n' = 0.018
Min. splay on u/s= 2 in 1 As per IS- 7784(part-2/sec.5):2000
Min. splay on d/s= 2.5 in 1
Max. permissible velocity : 4 m/s For face of concrete grade below M-30
as per IS- 7784 (part-
1):1993
Flow condition at 'A'
Depth of flow = 3.500 m
Bed width at 'A' = 22.18 m
Area of section = 96.005 m2
Velocity of flow = 1.217 m/sec
Vh' = 0.076 m
Bed level = 409.200 m
Add depth of flow = 3.500 m
M . F . L at 'A' = 412.700 m
Add Vh = 0.076 m
T . E . L at 'A'= 412.776 m

Flow condition at 'B'

Assume depth of flow = 3.479 m
Bed width at 'B' = 22.180 m 3.479
Area of flow = 77.164 m 2

Velocity of flow = 1.515 m/sec 22.180

Vh' = 0.117 m
Eddy loss = 0.021 m
Perimeter' P' = 29.138 m
R' = 2.648
Surface fall at 'B' = 0.0002
Friction loss = 0.000 m
Total loss = 0.021 m
T . E .L at 'A' = 412.776 m
T.E.L at 'B' = 412.796 m
Deduct Vh = 0.117 m
M .F.L at 'B' = 412.679 m
Deduct Bed level = 409.200 m
Depth of flow = 3.479 m

Flow condition at 'B2'

Assume depth of flow = 4.244 m
Bed width at 'B2' = 14.34 m
Area of flow = 60.859 m2
Velocity of flow = 1.92 m/sec
Vh' = 0.188 m
Eddy loss = 0.033 m
Perimeter' P' = 22.828 m
R' = 2.666 m
Surface fall at 'B2' = 0.00032
Average fall = 0.0003 4.244
Friction loss = 0.003 m
Total loss = 0.036 m 14.34
T . E .L at 'B' = 412.796 m
T.E.L at 'B2' = 412.832 m
Deduct Vh = 0.188 m
M.F.L at 'B2' 412.644 m
Deduct Bed level = 408.400 m
Depth of flow = 4.244 m

Flow condition at 'B1'

Height of drop wall= 1.691 m
Average Length of drop wall = 12.820 m
Discharge per meter width(q)= 9.116 m3/sec
q=1.77*h3/2+ 3.54*d*h1/2
where
d=Submerged depth of flow
over crest 2.453 m
h=Difference of U/S M.F.L & D/S M.F.L
Value of 'h' can be found by trail & error
Take 'h'= 0.811 m
q= 9.114 m3/sec
M.F.L. at 'B1'= 413.455 m
Depth of flow over drop= 3.264 m
Area of Section= 41.848 m2
Velocity= 2.793 m/sec
Vh= 0.398 m
T.E.L. at 'B1' = 413.853 m

Flow condition at 'C'

Assume depth of flow = 3.165 m
Bed width at 'C' = 11.300 m
Area of flow = 35.765 m2
Velocity of flow = 3.268 m/sec
Vh' = 0.544 m 3.165
Eddy loss 0.044
Perimeter = 17.630 m
R' = 2.029 m 11.300
Surface fall at 'C' = 0.001
Friction loss = 0.003 m
Total loss = 0.047 m
T . E .L at 'B1= 413.853 m
T.E.L at 'C' = 413.899 m
Deduct Vh = 0.544 m
M .F.L at 'C' = 413.355 m
Deduct Bed level = 410.191 m
Depth of flow = 3.164 m

Flow condition at'D'

Assume depth of flow = 2.925 m
Width of section = 10.500 m
Area of section = 30.628 m2 ( As per ventway calculations )
Velocity of flow = 3.816 m/sec
Vh' = 0.742 m
Eddy loss 0.040 m 2.925
Perimeter = 37.759 m
R' = 0.811 m
Surface fall = 0.006
Fricton loss = 0.0000 m 3.500
Total loss = 0.040 m
T . E .L at 'C'= 413.899 m
T.E.L at 'D' = 413.939 m
Deduct Vh = 0.742 m
M .F.L at 'D' = 413.197 m
Deduct Bed level = 410.191 m
Depth of flow = 3.006 m
Flow condition at ' E '
Since, the barrel just runs full, Unwin's formula can be used for calculation of loss of head in the barrel.
Loss of head = ( 1+ f1+f2. L/R) v2/2g

where L = Length of barrel = 23.400 m

f1= 0.080 for barrel entry
f2=a(1+b/R), where a = 0.00316 b= 0.100
R= 0.811

f2= 0.00316 ( 1 + 0.100 ) = 0.004

0.811
V= 3.816 m/sec

hf = 1 + 0.08 + 0.004 * 23.4 / 0.811 ) * ( 14.561856 / 19.62 ) = 0.887

Vh' = 0.742 m
Eddy Losses 0.000
Friction losses 0.887
Total Losses 0.887
TEL at 'D' 413.939
TEL at 'E' 414.826
MFL at 'E' 414.084
Flow condition at 'F'
Assume depth of flow = 4.624 m
Bed width at 'F' = 11.300 m
Area of flow = 52.251 m2
Velocity of flow = 2.237 m/sec
Vh' = 0.255 m 4.624
Eddy loss = 0.244 m
Perimeter = 20.548 11.300
R' = 2.543
Surface fall at 'F' = 0.000
Friction loss = 0.000 m
Total loss = 0.244 m
T . E .L at 'E'= 414.826 m
T.E.L at 'F' = 415.070 m
Deduct Vh = 0.255 m
M .F.L at 'F' = 414.815 m
Deduct Bed level = 410.191 m
Depth of flow = 4.624 m

Flow condition at 'G'

Assume depth of flow = 4.912 m
Bed width at 'G' = 29.300 m
Area of flow = 143.922 m2
Velocity of flow = 0.812 m/sec
Vh' = 0.034 m 4.912
Eddy loss 0.066
Perimeter = 39.124 m
R' = 3.679 m 29.300
Surface fall at 'G' = 0.0000
Friction loss = 0.001 m
Total loss = 0.067 m
T . E .L at 'F'= 415.070 m
T.E.L at 'G' = 415.137 m
Deduct Vh = 0.034 m
M .F.L at 'G' = 415.103 m
Deduct Bed level = 410.191 m
Depth of flow = 4.912 m

Flow condition at 'H'

Assume depth of flow = 4.927 m
Bed width at 'H' = 29.300 m
Area of flow = 180.774 m2
Velocity of flow = 0.646 m/sec
Vh' = 0.021 m
Eddy loss = 0.002 m 1.5 : 1
Perimeter = 47.067 4.927
R' = 3.841 29.300
Surface fall at 'H' = 0.0000
Friction loss = 0.0000 m
Total loss = 0.002 m
T . E .L at 'G'= 415.137 m
T.E.L at 'H' = 415.139 m
Deduct Vh = 0.021 m
M .F.L at 'H' = 415.118 m
Deduct Bed level = 410.191 m
Depth of flow = 4.927 m
STATEMENT SHOWING FLOW CALCULATION OF VAGU

PROPOSED
DEPTH

ELEVATIO

WINGS
Sl. BED VELOCITY

N OF
TOP
DESCRIPTION OF M.F.L. T.E.L. REMARKS
No. LEVEL m/sec
FLOW

1 D/s Bed Pitching @ A 409.200 3.500 412.700 412.776 1.217 413.300

End of d/s solid apron @

2 409.200 3.479 412.679 412.796 1.515 413.300
'B'

Outside the exit of

3 410.191 3.165 413.355 413.899 3.268
Barrel @ 'C' 416.116
Max.
Inside the exit of Barrel permissible vel.
4 410.191 2.925 413.116 413.939 3.816 --- in barrel :
@ 'D'
4m/sec
Inside the entrance of
5 410.191 2.925 414.084 414.826 3.816 ----
Barrel @ 'E'
Outside the Entrance of
5 410.191 4.624 414.815 415.070 2.237 416.116
Barrel @ 'F'
End of u/s solid apron
6 410.191 4.912 415.103 415.137 0.812 415.800
@ 'G'
7 U/s Bed Pitching @ 'H' 410.191 4.927 415.118 415.139 0.646 415.800
 DESIGN OF DROP WALL

(a) Top width of Drop wall :

Top width : d/ r

r : Specific gravity of concrete : 2.40

d : Depth of flow over drop wall : 3.264 m

Top width : 3.264 / 2.40 = 2.11 m

However, provide 2.15 m as top width of drop wall.

(b) Depth of cistern on D/S of Drop wall

Depth of cistern : x = 1 ( d + h) Where h = u/s MFL - d/s MFL
4

= 1 ( 2.453 + 0.811 ) = 0.82 m

4
However, provide 0.80 m as depth of cistern.

(c) Base width of Drop wall :

Base width : B= ( H+ d + x + Wc ) / r

Where H = Ht. of Drop wall : 1.691 m

d = Depth of flow over drop wall : 3.264 m

x = Cistern depth : 0.80 m

Wc = Thickness of wearing coat : 0.10 m

=( 1.69 + 3.264 + 0.80 + 0.10 ) / 2.4

= 3.78 m
Hence, providing bottom width of drop wall as 3.80 m

(d) Thickness of apron in the Cistern.

Apron thickness t = 0.55 ( dc + h )

= 0.55 2.453 + 0.811

= 0.99 m
Hence, providing 1.00 m thick apron.

(e) Length of cistern on d/s of Drop wall :

Lc = 2d + 2 dh

= 2x 2.453 + 2 2.453 x 0.811

= 6.32 m say 6.40 m

Also Lc = 5 dxh

= 5 x 2.453 x 0.811

= 7.05 m say 7.70 m

Hence, proposed the length of cistern 7.70 m

 CALCULATION OF UPLIFT ON D/S
DATA

TBL of canal : 416.116

FSL of canal : 415.616
BL of Tail channel : 409.200
Top of head wall : 416.116
Top of bank width : 6.000 m
Top of Head wall width : 0.50 m
Side slopes ( inner ) : 2 :1

Side slopes ( outer ) : 2 :1

Length of d/s solid apron : 13.60 m

Thickness of apron : 1.00 m
Bottom of Apron : 408.100

On D/S
Head acting = FSL of canal - BL of Tail channel
= 415.616 - 409.200
= 6.416 m
Horizontal creep length= 0.50 x 2 + 6.00 + 0.00 x 2 + 0.50
= 7.50 m
Vertical creep length = 415.616 - 408.100 = 7.516 m

Diagonal creep length = 7.50 2 + 7.516 2 = 10.618 m

Total creep length = 10.62 + 13.60

= 24.218 m

Residual head actiong on the floor = 6.416 - ( 6.416 x 10.618 )

24.218
= 3.60 m
Taking 75 % of the theoretical head = 2.70 m

Thickness of floor required = 2.70 / 2.40 = 1.13 m

Hence, provide 1.00 m thick solid apron over which 0.10 m thick wearing coat
in CC M20 grade is proposed.
 CALCULATION OF UPLIFT ON U/S
DATA
TBL of canal : 416.116
FSL of canal : 415.616
Top of head wall : 416.116
Top of bank width : 2.50 m
Top of Head wall width : 0.50 m
Side slopes ( inner ) : 2 :1
Side Slopes (outer) : 2 :1
Length of u/s solid apron : 18.00 m
Thickness of Solid apron : 1.10 m
Bottom of Apron : 408.991

On u/s
Head acting = FSL of canal - Floor level of cistern
= 415.616 - 410.191 = 5.425 m

Horizontal creep length= 0.50 x 2 + 2.50 + 0.000 x 2

+ 0.5
= 4.00 m

Vertical creep length = 415.616 - 408.991 = 6.625 m

Diagonal creep length = 4.00 2 + 6.625 2 = 7.74 m

Total creep length = 7.74 + 18.00

= 25.739 m

Residual head actiong on the floor = 5.425 - ( 5.425 x 7.74 )

25.739
= 3.79 m
Taking 75 % of the theoretical head = 2.85 m
Thickness of floor required = 2.85 / 2.40 =
1.19 m
or 1.10
Providing 1.10 m thick solid apron over which 0.10 m thick wearing
coat in CC M20 grade is proposed.
 SCOUR DEPTH CALCULATIONS (D/S)

IS 7784 ( Part II / Section II ) - 2000

DATA

Drain disharge : 116.870 cumecs

Tail channel bed width : 22.18 m

Silt factor , f : 2

d/s MFL of drain : 412.700

The natural scour depth, D, ( as per Lacy's formula )

D = 1.35 ( q2 / f ) 1/3

q = 116.870 / 27.43 = 4.261

D = 1.35 ( 4.261 2 / 2 ) 1/3

= 2.816 m

Hence max. scour depth = 2.00 x 2.816 = 5.632 m

Max. scour level = d/s MFL of drain - max. scour depth

= 412.700 - 5.632 = 407.068

However, provide cutoff as ie,. + 407.00

 SCOUR DEPTH CALCULATIONS ( U/S )

IS 7784 ( Part II / Section II ) - 2000

DATA

Drain disharge : 116.870 cumecs

Approach channel bed width : 29.300 m

Silt factor , f : 2

u/s MFL of drain : 415.118

The natural scour depth, D, should be estimated by Lacy's formula

D = 1.35 ( q2 / f ) 1/3

q = 116.87 / 29.30 = 3.989

D = 1.35 ( 3.989 2 / 2 ) 1/3

= 2.695 m

Hence max. scour depth = 1.50 x 2.695 = 4.042 m

Max. scour level = d/s MFL of drain - max. scour depth

= 415.118 - 4.042 = 411.076

However, provide cutoff minimum 1.20m below proposed floor level i.e + 408.991
i.e., no cut off required.
 EXIT GRADIENT
DATA

Length of barrel : 23.400 m

Length of solid apron on u/s including bottom of drop wall : 18.00 m

Length of d/s solid apron : 13.60 m

Thickness of solid apron at the exit ,d : 1.10 m

:
Total length of impervious floor, l = 23.4 + 18.00 + 13.60

= 55.00 m

a= l /d = 55.00 / 1.10 = 50

l= 1+ 1 + a2 = 1+ 1+ 50 2
2 2

= 25.505 m

Exit gradient, GE = 1
P l

= 1
P 25.505

= 0.063 < 0.25 Hence safe.

 DESIGN OF BARREL FOR U.T AT KM 66.966 (CANAL TROUGH)
DATA
Size of the Barrel : 3.50 x 3.000 m
TBL of Canal : 416.116
FSL of Canal : 415.616
BL of Canal : 413.916
Barrel Top slab thickness : 0.4 m
Barrel Bottom slab thickness : 0.4 m
Barrel side wall thickness : 0.4 m
Barrel inside wall thickness : 0.4 m
Internal hauncches : 0.15 x 0.15 m
No. of vents : 3
TBL 416.116

2.60
CBL 413.916
0.40 413.516
0.2
0.4 0.4
A B C D 413.116

3.4 3.000 3.000

0.4 3.50 0.4 3.50 0.4

410.116
E F G H
0.2
0.4 0.4 409.716

12.10

Max height of head wall over barrel : 416.116 - 413.516 = 2.6 m

(on u/s & d/s) :2.6 x 2.4 = 6.24 t/m 2

Max height of Bank over barrel : 416.116 - 413.516 = 2.6 m

: 2.6 x 2.1 = 5.46 t/m 2

Max height of water over UT : 416.116 - 413.516 = 2.6 m

: 2.6 x 1.0 = 2.6 t/m2

It is obvious that max loading over the box is due to the water column of 2.6 m height and hence it is
safe to design the UT for this load due to water of 2.6 m height.
A RCC barrel with 3 vents of size 3.50 x 3.000 m size is proposed with RCC M20
Grade . Thickness of box slab is assumed as 0.4 m that of the inner
and haunches as 0.15 x 0.15 m
TOP SLAB
Weight of water : 2.6 x 1.0 = 2.6 t/m2
 Weight of sealing coat : 0.40 x 1.4 = 0.56 t/m2
Self weight of slab 0.4 x 2.5 = 1.0 t/m2
Total downward load on the slab : 0.56 + 2.6 + 1.0 = 4.160 t/m2
Total load on the Slab
= 4.160 + 0.000 = 4.160 t/m2

BOTTOM SLAB
Weight of Top & bottom Hauches : 3 x 4 x 1 x 0.15 x 0.15 x 2.5
2
12.10
: 0.0279 t/m2
Weight of Vertical walls : 4 x 0.4 x 3.00 x 2.5
12.10
: 0.992 t/m2
Weight of Bottom Slab : 0.4 x 2.5
: 1 t/m2
Total upward soil reaction : 6.180 t/m2

Horizontal Thrust on the End Wall 'AE'

From Rankine's formula
P : wh ( 1 - sin θ)
( 1 - sinθ)
Eart pressure at A : 1.1 x 0.2 x ( 1- sin 300)
( 1+ sin 300) 2.800 6.2
+ 1 x 1 x 2.800

: 2.873 t/m2
Earth pressure at E : 1.1 x 3.6 x ( 1- sin 300) A
( 1+ sin 30 ) 0
3.4
+ 1 x 1 x 6.2 E

: 7.254 t/m2
Fixed End Moments :
(i) For top horizontal members AB and BC
MAB = MBA = MBC = MCD = wl2
12
= 4.160 x 3.90 2 : 5.273 t-m
12
(ii) For bottom horizontal members EF and GH
MGH = MEF = MGH = wl2
12
= 6.180 x 3.90 2 : 7.833 t-m
12
(iii) For vertical members AE, BF , CG and DH
 MAE = MBF = w1l2/12 + w2l2/30
2.873 x 3.4 2
+ 4.380 x 3.4 2
12 30
: 4.456 t-m
(iv) For vertical members EA, FB, GC and HD
MEA = MFB = w1l /12
2
+ w2l2/20
2.873 x 3.4 2
+ 4.380 x 3.4 2
12 20
: 5.300 t-m

Distribution Factors:
At Joint 'A'
Relative stiffness factors for AB , i.e KAB
: I/L = 1 x 0.4 3 : 0.0014
12 x 3.90
Realtive stiffness factors for AE i.e KAE
: I/L = 1 x 0.4 3 : 0.0016
12 x 3.40
Distribution factor for AB, = KAB
KAB + KAE
: 0.00137 = 0.466
0.0013675 + 0.00156863
Distribution factor for AE = KAE
KAE + KAB
: 0.0015686275 = 0.534
0.0015686 + 0.00136752
Similarly Distribution factors for : 0.4658
other members DC,HG,and EF

Distribution factors for DH,EA and HD : 0.534

At Joint 'B'
Relative stiffness factor for BA, KBA : 0.0014
Realative stiffness factor for BF, KBF : 0.0016
Relative stiffness factor for BC, KBC : 0.0014

Distribution factor for BA = 0.0014

0.0014 + 0.0016 + 0.0014
= 0.3178
Distribution factor for BF = 0.0016
0.0014 + 0.0016 + 0.0014
= 0.3645
Distribution factor for BC = 0.3178
SimilarlyDistribution factor for
CB andCD = 0.3178
Distribution factor for CG,FB,GC = 0.3645
 For MOMENT DISTRIBUTION separate sheet is enclosed

CALCULATION OF SPAN B.Ms AND REACTIONA AT SUPPORTS

For top horizontal members 'AB' and 'BC' 4.160 t/m2

Max S.F : wl/2 A B

: 4.160 x 3.90 3.90
2 7.881 8.343
: 8.112 t
5.461
SF Correction : 5.461- 4.559 4.559
3.90
: 0.231 t
RA = 8.112 - 0.231 = 7.881 t
RB = 8.112 + 0.231 = 8.343 t
Bending Moment at a distance of 'x' from 'A'
: 7.881 x - 4.160 x2 - 4.559
2
For max BM, d(Mx)/dx = 0
i.e 7.881 = 4.160 x
x = 1.894 m
Max BM = 7.88 x 1.894 - 4.160 x 1.894 2 - 4.559
2
= 2.906 t-m
BM at face of end support i.e 0.2 m from 'A'

M0.225 = 7.88 x 0.200 - 4.160 x 0.200 2 - 4.559

2
= -3.066 t-m
BM at the face of the central support i.e 3.7 m from 'A'

M2.925 = 7.88 x 3.700 - 4.160 x 3.700 2 - 4.559

2
= -3.875 t-m
Point of contraflexure:

7.88 x - 4.160 x2 - 4.559 = 0

2
7.88 x - 2.080 x2 - 4.559 = 0

x2 - 3.789 x + 2.19187 = 0

x = 3.79 + 3.78886 2 - 4 x 1 x 2.19187

2
= 3.79 + 2.364
 2
= 3.076 m and 0.712 m from 'A'

CALCULATION OF SPAN B.Ms AND REACTIONA AT SUPPORTS

For bottom horizontal members 'EF' and 'FG'
11.609 t 12.492 t
Max S.F : wl/2
: 6.180 x 3.90 E F
2 6.180
: 12.050 t t/m2
8.242
S.F Correction : 8.242 - 6.519 6.519
3.90
: 0.442 t
RA = 12.050 - 0.442 = 11.609 t
RB = 12.050 + 0.442 = 12.492 t
Bending Moment at a distance of 'x' from 'E'
: 11.609 x - 6.180 x2 - 6.519
2
For max BM, d(Mx)/dx = 0
i.e 11.609 = 6.180 x
x = 1.879 m
Max BM = 11.6 x 1.879 x - 6.180 x 1.879 2 - 6.519
2
= 4.385 t-m
BM at face of end support i.e 0.2 m from 'E'

M0.225 = 11.61 x 0.200 - 6.180 x 0.200 2 - 6.519

2
= -4.321 t-m
BM at the face of the central support I.e 3.7 m from 'E'

M2.925 = 11.61 x 3.700 - 6.180 x 3.700 2 - 6.519

2
= -5.867 t-m
Point of contraflexure:

11.6 x - 6.180 x2 - 6.519 = 0

2
11.6 x - 3.090 x2 - 6.519 = 0

x2 - 3.76 x + 2.10979 = 0

x = 3.76 + 3.75704 2 - 4 x 1 x 2.110

2
 = 3.76 + 2.382
2
= 3.070 m and 0.687 m from 'D'

VERTICAL MEMBERS 'AG' AND 'FL'

RA = 2.87 x 3.4 + 2.873 t/m2

4.559 RA
2
1 x 4.380 x 3.4 x 1
2 3
= 4.885 + 2.482 3.4
= 7.367 t
RE = 4.885 + 2 x 2.482
= 9.849 t
4.380
6.519 RE
SF Correction : 6.52 - 4.559 7.254 t/m 2

3.4
: 0.576
RA : 7.367 - 0.576 = 6.790 t
RD : 9.849 + 0.576 = 10.425 t
BM at a distance of 'x' from 'A'
M = 6.790 x - 2.873 x 2 - 4.38 x X x X x - 5
2 3.4 2 3
= 6.790 x - 1.4366667 x 2 - 0.215 x 3 - 4.56
For Max BM dM/dx=0
6.790 - 2.873 x - 0.64415 x 2 = 0

x 2 + 4.46066 x - 10.54 = 0

x = -4.461 + 4.46066 2 - 4 x 1 x -10.542

2
= -4.461 + 7.878
2
= 1.709 m from 'A'
Max BM,
6.790 x 1.709 - 2.873 x 1.71 2 - 4.38 x 1.709 3 4.559
2 3.4 x 6
= 11.603
- 4.195 - 1.07119 - 4.559
= 1.778 t-m
BM at the face of the support near 'A' i.e 0.2 m from 'A'

6.790 x 0.200 - 2.873 x 0.200 2 - 4.38 x 0.2 3 4.559

2 3.4 x 6
 : 1.358 - 0.057 - 0.00172 - 4.559
: -3.260 t-m
BM at the face of the support at bottom i.e 3.200 m from 'A'
6.790 x 3.200 - 2.873 x 3.200 2 - 4.38 x 3.2 3 4.559
2 3.4 x 6
: 21.729 - 14.711 - 7.03584 - 4.559
: -4.577 t-m

SHEAR FORCE BENDING MOMENT

END AT THE FACE OF AT THE FACE OF
MEMBER
CENTARL THE CENTRAL THE END MAX BM
SUPPORT SUPPORT(T) SUPPORT (T-M) SUPPORT (T-M)

7.881 8.343 -3.875 -3.066 2.906

TOP
RA RB

11.609 12.492 -5.867 -4.321 4.385

BOTTOM
RG RH

6.790 10.425 -4.577 -3.260 1.778

VERTICALS
RA RE (BOTTOM) (TOP)

DESIGN OF INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS

DESIGN CONSTANTS:
Use M20 grade concrete and HYSD bars of Fe 415 grade
(1) For faces away from water retaining sides
t = 1840 kg/cm2
c = 70 kg/cm2
m = 2800 = 2800 = 13.33
3c 3 x 70
k = 1 = 1 = 0.337
1 + t 1 + 1840
mc 13.33 x 70
j = 1 - k = 1 - 0.337 = 0.888
3 3
R = 1 c k j
2
= 1 x 70 x 0.337 x 0.888 = 10.4575
2
M = 10.458 b x d2
(2) For faces in direct contact with water
t = 1500 kg/cm2
c = 70 kg/cm2
m = 2800 = 2800 = 13.33
3c 3 x 70
 k = 1 = 1 = 0.384
1 + t 1 + 1500
mc 13.33 x 70
j = 1 - k = 1 - 0.384 = 0.872
3 3
R = 1 c k j
2
= 1 x 70 x 0.384 x 0.872 = 11.7083
2
M = 11.708 b x d2

DESIGN OF BOTTOM HORIZONTAL MEMERS 'GH' AND 'EF'

Max +ve BM near center of span = 4.385 t-m
Max -ve BM at the face of central support = -5.867 t-m

Bottom center of span EF:

M = 4.385 t-m
Depth required = 4.385 x 10 5
11.708 x 100
= 19.3517 cm
Adopting overall depth of 40 cm and 30 mm clear cover and using
16 mm dia bars
Effective depth available = 40 - 3 - 0.8
= 36.2 > 19.35
Area of steel required at center of span
= M
t x j x d
= 4.385 x 10 5
1500 x 0.872 x 36.2
= 9.26 cm 2
Spacing of 16 mm dia bars
= 2.01 x 100 = 21.705 cm
9.26 217.054 mm
Providing 16 mm dia bars @ 200 mm c/c with alternative bars cranked at
supports ('a' and 'b' bars at bottom)

Area of steel provided = 2.01 x 100 = 10.048 > 9.26 cm 2

20
Bottom central support
M = 5.867 t-m
Depth required = 5.867 x 10 5
10.458 x 100
= 23.6856 cm
Adopting overall depth of 55 cm and 30 mm clear cover and using
16 mm dia bars
 Effective depth available = 55 - 3 - 0.8
= 51.2 > 23.69
Area of steel required at the face of central support
= M
t x j x d
= 5.867 x 10 5
1840 x 0.888 x 51.2
= 7.014 cm 2
Min area of steel = 0.12 % gross sectional area
= 0.12 x 55 x 100 = 6.6 cm 2
100
Area of cranked up bars of 16 mm dia 400 mm c/c ('b' bars cranked)

= 2.01 x 100 = 5.02 cm 2

40
Extral steel to be provide at support
= 7.01 - 5.024 = 1.99 cm2
Providing 10 mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c at support('c' Rods straigh at bottom)
Area of steel = 0.785 x 100 = 3.925 > 1.99 cm2
20
Total area of steel provided foe -ve BM = 5.02 + 3.93 = 8.949 > 7.01
cm2
CHECK FOR SHEAR
SF at the face of central support 11.609 12.492
= 12.492 - 6.180 x 0.200
= 11.256 t 3.90
Nominal shear stress
tv = V 6.180
bd
= 11.256 x 1000 = 2.198 kg/cm2
100 x 51.2
= 0.220 N/mm2
tc max = 1.8 N/mm2
tv < tc max
Clause B-5.3.1 of IS 456:2000 for slabs tv shall not exceed half the value of tc max
given n table 24 i.e 1.8 N/mm2 for M20 grade of concrete, when shear
reinforcement is provided.as per table on P-84)
tc = Permissible shear stress in concrete without shear reiforcement as
per clause B-5.2 of IS 456:2000
B-5.2.2 of IS 456:2000 (P-84)
For solid slabs the permissible stress in the concrete shall be k tc , where k has the
value given below (where t c is permissible shear stress in concrete in beams without shear
reinforcement as per table on P-84.
 Overall depth of slab in mm 300 0r more 275 250 225 200 175 150
k 1.000 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.3 1.30
Cosidering steel at all supports of straight bars i.e 16 mm dia at ### mm c/c
provided at bottom and 10 mm dia at 200 mm c/c cranked at supports.
100 x Ast = 100 x 8.95 = 0.175 %
bd 100 x 51.2

tc = 0.18 + ( 0.22 - 0.18 ) x 0.175 - 0.15 )

0.10
= 0.190 N/mm2 0.15 - 0.18
k tc = 1.0 x 0.190 = 0.190 N/mm2 0.25 - 0.22
tv < k tc Hence shear reinforcement is not necessary. 0.50 - 0.3
Shear resisted by concrete section = tc x bd 0.75 - 0.35
= 1.90 x 100 x 51.2 1.0 - 0.39
= 9723.6 kgs or 9.724 t

Balance shear to be resisted = V - tc bd

= 11.256 - 9.724 = 1.532 t
This balance shear will be resisted by bent up bars.
Shear resistance that can be offered by bent up bars of 16 mm dia at ### mm c/c
= бsv x A sv x sin α
= 1840 x 2.01 x 100 x sin 45
40
= 6536.61 kg = 6.5366082 t > 1.532 t
Check for development length
Development of bars required as per clause 26.2.1 of IS:456:2000 is
Ld = Φ бs where Φ is Nominal dia of bar
4 tbd бs is 184 N/mm2
= 16 x 184 tbd is design bond stress given in 26.2.1.1
4 x 1.28 of IS 456:2000
= 575 mm 0.8 x 1.6
1.28 N/mm 2
( For working stress
method )
As per clause 26.2.3.3. of IS 456:2000
Ld > M1 + Lo
V
M1 = A sc бst j d
= 2.01 x 100 x 1840 x 0.888 x 51.2
40
10 5
= 4.202 t-m
V = Shear force at the face of central support = 11.256 t
Lo = 20 - 4.8 + 8 x 1.6 + 10
= 38 cm
M1 + Lo = 0.753 > 0.575 (Ld)
 V
Hence for development the compression reifrocement shall be bent to 900 and taken to
100 mm height into the vertical member as shown below

16 mm dia at 400 mm c/c

40

100

CHECK FOR STRESSES

Calculation of stresses in bottom horizontal member for max +ve BM near center of span.
Max +ve BM = 4.385 t-m
Providing 16 mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c on tension side and 10 mm dia at
200 mm c/c on compression face at center of span.
Ast = 2.01 x 100 = 10.05 cm2
20
Asc = 0.785 x 100 = 3.93 cm2
20
dt = 3.8 cm , dc = 3.5 cm , d = 40 - 3.8
= 36.2 cm
m = 13.33 mc = 1.5 x 13.33 = 20.00
Let 'n' be the depth of neutral axis
Taking moment of equivalent area about neutral axis
B n n + ( mc - 1 ) x Asc ( n-dc ) = m Ast (d-n)
2
100 n2 + ( 20 - 1) x 3.925 ( n - 3.5 )
2 = 13.33 x 10 x ( 36.2 - n )
50 n +
2
74.575 n - 261.01 = 134 ( 36.2 - n )
50 n2 + 208.548 n - 5110.85 = 0
n2 + 4.17 n - 102.217 = 0

n = -4.2 + 17.40 - -409

2
= -4.2 + 20.6462
2
= 8.23760652
Let ca be the compressive stree in top fibre of concrete.
Stree in concret in compressve steel zone

ta = ca ( 8.23761 - 3.5 ) = 0.575 ca

8.23761
Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
 2
100 x 8.24 x ca ( 36.2 - 8.238 ) + ( 20.00 - 1 ) x
2 3
3.925 x c
0.575 a ( 36.2 - 3.5 )
14910.07 ca - 1130.97 + 1402.49 ca = 16312.56 ca - 1130.97
But Moment of Resistance = 4.38461 x 10 5
There fore 4.384609438 x 10 5 = 16312.56 ca - 1130.97
ca = 26.95 < 70 kg/cm2
Stress in copression = mc tc = 20 x 15.50 = 309.967 < 1840 kg/cm2
Stress in steel = m ca (d-n) = 1220 < 1500 kg/cm2
3
CHECK FOR STRESSES
Check for stresses in bottom horizontal member 'EF'at the face of central support i.e for -ve BM.
Max -ve BM = -5.867 t-m
Providing 16 mm dia bars at 400 mm c/c on compression face a 16 mm dia at
400 mm c/c + 10 mm dia bars at 200 mm c/c at bottom on tension face at bottom
central support.
Asc = 2.01 x 100 = 5.024 cm2
40
Ast = = 8.95 cm2

dt = 3.8 cm , dc = 3.8 cm , d = 55 - 3.8

= 51.2 cm
m = 13.33 mc = 1.5 x 13.33 = 20.00
Let 'n' be the depth of newtral axis
Taking moment of equivalent area about neutral axis
B n n + ( mc - 1 ) x Asc ( n-dc ) = m Ast (d-n)
2
100 n2 + ( 20 - 1) x 5.024 ( n - 3.8 )
2 = 13.33 x 8.95 x ( 51 - n )
50 n +
2
95.456 n - 362.73 = 119.3 ( 51.2 - n )
50 n +
2
214.776 n - 6471.92 = 0
n +
2
4.30 n - 129.438 = 0

n = -4.30 + 18.45 - -518

2
= + -4.30 23.1561
2
= 9.43028858
Let ca be the compressive stree in top fibre of concrete.
Stree in concret in compressve steel zone

ta = ca ( 9.43 - 3.8 ) = 0.597 ca

9.43
 Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
100 x 9.43 x ca ( 51.2 -
9.43 ) + ( 20.00 - 1 ) x
2 3
5.024 x c
0.597 a ( 51.2 - 3.8 )
24141.54 ca - 1482.17 + 2701.39 ca = 26842.93 ca - 1482.17
But Moment of Resistance = -5.86673 x 10 5
There fore 5.86673309 x 10 5 = 26842.93 ca - 1482.17
ca = 21.91 < 70 kg/cm2
Stress in compression steel = mc ta = 20 x 13.08 = 261.6 < 1500 kg/cm2
Stress in tensile steel = mca(d-n)/3 = 1294 < 1840 kg/cm2

DESIGN OF TOP HORIZONTAL MEMERS 'AB' AND 'CD'

Max +ve BM near center of span = 2.906 t-m
Max -ve BM at the face of central support = -3.875 t-m

Top center of span AB:

M = 2.906 t-m
Depth required = 2.906 x 10 5
11.708 x 100
= 15.7537 cm
Adopting overall depth of 40 cm and 30 mm clear cover and using
16 mm dia bars
Effective depth available = 40 - 3 - 0.8
= 36.2 > 15.75
Area of steel required at center of span
= M
t x j x d
= 2.906 x 10 5
1500 x 0.872 x 36.2
= 6.14 cm 2
Spacing of 16 mm dia bars
= 2.01 x 100 = 32.752 cm
6.14 327.524 mm
Providing 16 mm dia bars @ 300 mm c/c with alternative bars cranked at
supports ('a' and 'b' bars at bottom)

Area of steel provided = 2.01 x 100 = 6.699 > 6.14 cm 2

30
Top central support
M = 3.875 t-m
Depth required = 3.875 x 10 5
 10.458 x 100
= 19.2502 cm
Adopting overall depth of 55 cm and 30 mm clear cover and using
16 mm dia bars
Effective depth available = 55 - 3 - 0.8
= 51.2 > 19.25
Area of steel required at the face of central support
= M
t x j x d
= 3.875 x 10 5
1840 x 0.888 x 51.2
= 4.633 cm 2
Min area of steel = 0.12 % gross sectional area
= 0.12 x 47.5 x 100 = 5.7 cm 2
100

Area of cranked up bars of 16 mm dia 600 mm c/c ('b' bars cranked)

= 2.01 x 100 = 3.35 cm 2

60
Extral steel to be provide at support
= 5.70 - 3.349 = 2.35 cm2
Providing 10 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c at support('c' Rods straigh at top)
Area of steel = 0.785 x 100 = 2.617 > 2.35 cm2
30
Total area of steel provided for -ve BM = 3.35 + 2.62 = 5.966 > 5.70
cm2
CHECK FOR SHEAR
SF at the face of central support 7.881 8.343
= 8.343 - 4.160 x 0.200
= 7.511 t 3.90
Nominal shear stress
tv = V 4.160
bd
= 7.511 x 1000 = 1.467 kg/cm2
100 x 51.2
= 0.147 N/mm2
tc max = 1.8 N/mm2
tv < tc max
Clause B-5.3.1 of IS 456:2000 for slabs tv shall not exceed half the value of tc max
given n table 24 i.e 1.8 N/mm2 for M20 grade of concrete, when shear
reinforcement is provided.as per table on P-84)
tc = Permissible shear stress in concrete without shear reiforcement as
per clause B-5.2 of IS 456:2000
B-5.2.2 of IS 456:2000 (P-84)
 For solid slabs the permissible stress in the concrete shall be k tc , where k has the
value given below (where t c is permissible shear stress in concrete in beams without shear
reinforcement as per table on P-84.

Overall depth of slab in mm 300 0r more 275 250 225 200 175 150
k 1.000 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.3 1.30
Cosidering steel at all supports of straight bars i.e 16 mm dia at ### mm c/c
provided at bottom and 10 mm dia at 300 mm c/c cranked at supports.
100 x Ast = 100 x 5.97 = 0.117 %
bd 100 x 51.2

tc = 0.18 + ( 0.22 - 0.18 ) x 0.117 - 0.15 )

0.10
= 0.167 N/mm2 0.15 - 0.18
k tc = 1.0 x 0.167 = 0.167 N/mm2 0.25 - 0.22
tv < k tc Hence shear reinforcement is not necessary. 0.50 - 0.3
Shear resisted by concrete section = tc x bd 0.75 - 0.35
= 1.67 x 100 x 51.2 1.0 - 0.39
= 8530.4 kgs or 8.530 t

Balance shear to be resisted = V - tc bd

= 7.511 - 8.530 = -1.019 t
This balance shear will be resisted by bent up bars.
Shear resistance that can be offered by bent up bars of 16 mm dia at ### mm c/c
= бsv x A sv x sin α
= 1840 x 2.01 x 100 x sin 45
60
= 4357.74 kg = 4.3577388 t > -1.019 t
Check for development length
Development of bars required as per clause 26.2.1 of IS:456:2000 is
Ld = Φ бs where Φ is Nominal dia of bar
4 tbd бs is 184 N/mm2
= 16 x 184 tbd is design bond stress given in 26.2.1.1
4 x 1.28 of IS 456:2000
= 575 mm 0.8 x 1.6
1.28 N/mm2 ( For working stress
method )
As per clause 26.2.3.3. of IS 456:2000
Ld > M1 + Lo
V
M1 = Asc бst j d
= 2.01 x 100 x 1840 x 0.888 x 51.2
60
10 5
= 2.801 t-m
 V = Shear force at the face of central support = 7.511 t
Lo = 20 - 4.8 + 8 x 1.6 + 10
= 38 cm
M1 + Lo = 0.753 > 0.575 (Ld)
V
Hence for development the compression reifrocement shall be bent to 900 and taken to
100 mm height into the vertical member as shown below

16 mm dia at 600 mm c/c

40

100

CHECK FOR STRESSES

Calculation of stresses in top horizontal member for max +ve BM near center of span.
Max +ve BM = 2.906 t-m
Providing 16 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c on tension side and 10 mm dia at
300 mm c/c on compression face at center of span.
Ast = 2.01 x 100 = 6.70 cm2
30
Asc = 0.785 x 100 = 2.62 cm2
30
dt = 3.8 cm , dc = 3.5 cm , d = 40 - 3.8
= 36.2 cm
m = 13.33 mc = 1.5 x 13.33 = 20.00
Let 'n' be the depth of neutral axis
Taking moment of equivalent area about neutral axis
B n n + ( mc - 1 ) x Asc ( n-dc ) = m Ast (d-n)
2
100 n2 + ( 20 - 1) x 2.617 ( n - 3.5 )
2 = 13.33 x 6.699 x ( 36.2 - n )
50 n +2
49.717 n - 174.01 = 89.32 ( 36.2 - n )
50 n +2
139.032 n - 3407.23 = 0
n +
2
2.78 n - 68.1446 = 0

n = -2.8 + 7.73 - -273

2
= -2.8 + 16.7425
2
= 6.98091573
Let ca be the compressive stree in top fibre of concrete.
Stree in concret in compressve steel zone
 ta = ca ( 6.98092 - 3.5 ) = 0.499 ca
6.98092
Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
100 x 6.98 x ca ( 36.2 - 6.981 ) + ( 20.00 - 1 ) x
2 3
2.617 x c
0.499 a ( 36.2 - 3.5 )
12635.46 ca - 812.22 + c
810.65 a = 13446.10 ca - 812.22
But Moment of Resistance = 2.90573 x 10 5
There fore 2.905730398 x 10 5 = 13446.10 ca - 812.22
ca = 21.67 < 70 kg/cm 2

Stress in compression st = mc tc = 20 x 10.81 = 216.114 < 1840 kg/cm2

Stress in steel = m ca (d-n) = 1209 < 1500 kg/cm2
3
CHECK FOR STRESSES
Check for stresses in top horizontal member 'AB'at the face of central support i.e for -ve BM.
Max -ve BM = -3.875 t-m
Providing 16 mm dia bars at 600 mm c/c on compression face a 16 mm dia at
600 mm c/c + 10 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c at bottom on tension face at bottom
central support.
Asc = 2.01 x 100 = 3.349 cm2
60
Ast = = 5.97 cm2

dt = 3.8 cm , dc = 3.8 cm , d = 55 - 3.8

= 51.2 cm
m = 13.33 mc = 1.5 x 13.33 = 20.00
Let 'n' be the depth of newtral axis
Taking moment of equivalent area about neutral axis
B n n + ( mc - 1 ) x Asc ( n-dc ) = m Ast (d-n)
2
100 n2 + ( 20 - 1) x 3.349 ( n - 3.8 )
2 = 13.33 x 5.97 x ( 51 - n )
50 n +
2
63.637 n - 241.82 = 79.55 ( 51.2 - n )
50 n +
2
143.184 n - 4314.61 = 0
n +
2
2.86 n - 86.2922 = 0

n = -2.86 + 8.20 - -345

2
= + -2.86 18.7981
2
= 7.96722324
Let ca be the compressive stree in top fibre of concrete.
 Stree in concret in compressve steel zone

ta = ca ( 7.97 - 3.8 ) = 0.523 ca

7.97
Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
100 x 7.97 x ca ( 51.2 - 7.97 ) + ( 20.00 - 1 ) x
2 3
3.349 x c
0.523 a ( 51.2 - 3.8 )
20396.09 ca - 1057.94 + 1577.72 ca = 21973.81 ca - 1057.94
But Moment of Resistance = -3.87526 x 10 5
There fore 3.875255171 x 10 5 = 21973.81 ca - 1057.94
ca = 17.68 < 70 kg/cm2
Stress in compression steel = mc ta = 20 x 9.25 = 185.0 < 1840 kg/cm2
Stress in tensile steel = mca(d-n)/3 = 1279 < 1500 kg/cm2

DESIGN OF VERTICAL MEMBERS 'AE' AND 'DH'

The maximum -ve moment in vertical member is -4.577 t-m

e =M = 4.577 = 0.394 m = 394.29 mm

P 11.609
e = 394.29 = 0.99 < 1.5
D 400
This case belongs to case-III ( load at moderate eccentricity) of columns
Clause 26.5.3.1.b of IS 456:2000 says "In any column that has a larger cross sectional area than that
required to support the load the min percentage of steel shall be based upon the area of concrete
required to support the direct stress and not apon the actual area"
Stress in concrete in direct compression = 50 kg/cm2
Vertical force on column = 11.609 t
Area of concrete required to support the load,
= 11.609 x 1000 = 232.171 cm2
50
Minimum percentage of steel to be provided, = 0.8 % of area of concret as above.
= 0.8 x 232.171
100
= 1.857 cm2
However providing 16 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c on each face to keep the stresses
within lomits.
Area of steel provided on each face = 200.96 x 1000 = 669.867 mm2
300
( 6.69867 x 2 = 13.397333 > 1.857 )
dc = dt = 40 + 16 = 48 mm
 2
e + D - dt = 394.29 + 400 - 48 = 546.29
2 2
Ast = Asc = 200.96 x 1000 = 669.866667 mm2
300
Depth of neutral axis,
e + D - dt = bn/2 (D-dt-n/3 ) + ((mc-1) Asc (n-dc) (D-dc-dt))/n
bn/2 + (mc-1) Asc (n-dc)/n - m Ast ((D-dt-n)/n) Eq 1
2
Right side of Equation 1 becomes,
1000 x n ( 400 - 48 - n) + -1 ) ( 20.00
669.9 ( n - 48 )
2 3 -48 - (48 400 )
n
1000 x n+ ( 20.0 -1 ) 669.87 ( n - 48 ) / n - 20.0 x 669.8667 x
2 ( 400 - 48 - n)
n
500 109 ( 352 - 109 ) + 3869149.9 ( 109 - 48 )
3 109.2
500 109 + 12727.4667 ( 109.2 - 48 ) - 13397.333 x ( 352 - 109 )
109.2 109
19400184.6505494 = 607.3040185908
31944.7658119658

By trail & Error n = 109.200 mm

Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
1000 x 109.200 C x 315.60 + 19 x 669.87 x ( 109.200 - 48 ) x
2 109.200
( 400 - 48 - 48 ) = 11.609 x 10000 x 546.29
17231760 C + 2168424.651 C = 63416430.011859

C = 3.269 < 7 N/mm2

Stress in tensile steel = 20 x 3.26886 ( 400 - 48 - 109.200 )
109.200
= 145.36 < 184 N/mm2
Stress in compression steel
= 20 x 3.26886 ( 109.200 - 48 )
109.200
= 36.64 < 150 N/mm2 Hence O.K
For internal vertical members reinforcement of 16mm dia. @ 400 c/c may be adopted.

Distribution Reinforcement
0.12 % of gross sectional area to be distributed on to the both faces.
Distribution reinforcement on each face,
= 1 x ( 0.12 x 400 x 1000 )
 2 100
= 240 mm =
2 2.4 cm2
Using 10 mm dia bars,
Spacing = 0.785 x 100 = 32.71 cm
2.4
However provide 10 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c on both faces for all the members
as distribution reinforcement. (As per IS 456:2000)
 0.583
0.2915
ble on P-84)
ble on P-84)
 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION ( U.T @ Km.66.966)
( Barrel under Canal Trough )

JOUNTS A B C D H G F

MEMBERS AE AB BA BF BC CB CG CD DC DH HD HG GH GC GF FG FB

DISTRIBUTION FACTO 0.5342 0.4658 0.3178 0.3645 0.3178 0.3178 0.3645 0.3178 0.4658 0.5342 0.5342 0.4658 0.3178 0.3645 0.3178 0.3178 0.3645

F.E.M s 4.4558 -5.273 5.2728 0 -5.273 5.2728 0 -5.273 5.2728 -4.456 5.2997 -7.833 7.8327 0 -7.833 7.8327 0

BALANCE 0.4365 0.3805 -0.381 -0.436 1.353 1.1797

CARRY OVER -0.677 0.1903 -0.19 0.677 -0.218 0.5899

BALANCE 0.3615 0.3151 -0.06 -0.069 -0.06 0.0605 0.0693 0.0605 -0.315 -0.361 0.1166 0.1016 -0.187 -0.215 -0.187 0.1874 0.215

CARRY OVER -0.058 -0.03 0.1576 0.1075 0.0302 -0.03 -0.107 -0.158 0.0302 0.0583 -0.181 -0.094 0.0508 0.0347 0.0937 -0.094 -0.035

BALANCE 0.0473 0.0412 -0.094 -0.108 -0.094 0.094 0.1076 0.0938 -0.041 -0.047 0.1466 0.1278 -0.057 -0.065 -0.057 0.0569 0.0653

CARRY OVER -0.073 -0.047 0.0206 0.0327 0.0469 -0.047 -0.033 -0.021 0.0469 0.0733 -0.024 -0.028 0.0639 0.0538 0.0285 -0.028 -0.054

BALANCE 0.0642 0.056 -0.032 -0.037 -0.032 0.0318 0.0365 0.0318 -0.056 -0.064 0.0278 0.0243 -0.046 -0.053 -0.046 0.0465 0.0533

CARRY OVER -0.014 -0.016 0.028 0.0266 0.0159 -0.016 -0.027 -0.028 0.0159 0.0139 -0.032 -0.023 0.0121 0.0183 0.0232 -0.023 -0.018

BALANCE 0.0159 0.0139 -0.022 -0.026 -0.022 0.0224 0.0257 0.0224 -0.014 -0.016 0.0296 0.0258 -0.017 -0.02 -0.017 0.017 0.0195

FINAL MOMENTS 4.5591 -4.559 5.461 -0.072 -5.388 5.388 0.0724 -5.461 4.559 -4.559 6.519 -6.519 8.2415 -0.246 -7.995 7.9951 0.246
F E

FE EF EA

0.3178 0.4658 0.5342

-7.833 7.8327 -5.3

-1.18 -1.353

-0.59 0.2182

0.1874 -0.102 -0.117

-0.051 0.0937 0.1807

0.0569 -0.128 -0.147

-0.064 0.0285 0.0236

0.0465 -0.024 -0.028

-0.012 0.0232 0.0321

0.017 -0.026 -0.03

-8.242 6.5189 -6.519

 DESIGN OF BARREL FOR U.T AT KM 66.966 (CANAL BANK)
DATA
Size of the Barrel : 3.50 x 3.000 m
TBL of Canal : 416.116
FSL of Canal : 415.616
BL of Canal : 413.916
Barrel Top slab thickness : 0.4 m
Barrel Bottom slab thickness : 0.4 m
Barrel side wall thickness : 0.4 m
Barrel inside wall thickness : 0.4 m
Internal hauncches : 0.15 x 0.15 m
No. of Vents : 3

TBL 416.116

2.60
CBL 413.916
0.40 413.516
0.2
0.4 0.4
A B C D 413.116

3.4 3.000 3.000

0.4 3.50 0.4 3.50 0.4

410.116
E F G H
0.2
0.4 0.4 409.716

12.10

Max height of head wall over barrel : 416.116 - 413.516 = 2.6 m

(on u/s & d/s) : 2.6 x 2.4 = 6.24 t/m 2

Max height of Bank over barrel : 416.116 - 413.516 = 2.6 m

: 2.6 x 2.1 = 5.46 t/m 2

Max height of water over UT : 416.116 - 413.52 = 2.6 m

: 2.6 x 1.0 = 2.6 t/m 2

It is obvious that max loading over the box is due to the head wall of 2.6 m height and hence it is
safe to design the UT for this load due to head wall of 2.6 m height.
A RCC barrel with 3 vents of size 3.50 x 3.000 m size is proposed with RCC M20
Grade . Thickness of box slab is assumed as 0.4 m that of the inner
haunches as 0.15 x 0.15 m
Earth Pressure on vertical side walls
Equivalent ht of earth due to Live Load:( As per clause 217(b) of IRC :6-2000) 1.2 m
 Equivalent ht of earth including surcharge due to class A loading : 2.6 + 1.2
: 3.800 m
TOP SLAB
Weight of head wall : 2.6 x 2.4 = 6.24 t/m2
Self weight of slab 0.4 x 2.5 = 1 t/m2
Total downward load on the slab 6.24 + 1 = 7.240 t/m2

Class 'A' Loading

1.1 3.2 1.2 4.3 3 3 3

2.7 t 2.7 t 11.4 t 11.4 t 6.8 t 6.8 t 6.8 t 6.8 t

Total load
2.6 = 55.4 t

7
1.8

2.6

12.1
Impact Factor :
4.5 , Where L=Effective Length
6 + L 3.5 + 0.4 = 3.9 m
: 4.5 = 0.455
6 + 3.9
It has to be taken 1/2 of the above value,
0.5 x 0.455 = 0.227
There fore Load,
= 29.6 x 1.227 = 0.429 t/m2
7 x 12.1
Total load on the Slab
= 7.240 + 0.429 = 7.669 t/m2

BOTTOM SLAB
Weight of Top & bottom Hauches : 3 x 4 x 1 x 0.15 x 0.15 x 2.5
2
12.1
: 0.0279 t/m2
Weight of Vertical walls : 4 x 0.4 x 3.00 x 2.5
12.10
 : 0.992 t/m2
Weight of Bottom Slab : 0.4 x 2.5
: 1 t/m2
Total upward soil reaction : 9.689 t/m2

Horizontal Thrust on the End Wall 'AE'

From Rankene's formula
P : wh ( 1 - sin θ)
( 1 - sinθ)
Eart pressure at A : 2.1 x 4 x ( 1- sin 300)
( 1+ sin 300) 4.000 7.4
: 2.800 t/m 2

Earth pressure at E : 2.1 x 7.4 x ( 1- sin 300) A

( 1+ sin 30 ) 0
3.4
: 5.180 t/m 2
E
Fixed End Moments :
(i) For top horizontal members AB and BC
MAB = MBA = MBC = MCB = wl2
12
= 7.669 x 3.90 2 : 9.720 t-m
12
(ii) For bottom horizontal members EF and GH
MGH = MHG = MEF = MFE = wl2
12
= 9.69 x 3.90 2 : 12.280 t-m
12
(iii) For vertical members AE abd BF
MAE = MBF = w1l /12
2
+ w2l2/30
2.800 x 3.4 2
+ 2.380 x 3.4 2
12 30
: 3.614 t-m
(iv) For vertical members EA and FB
MEA = MFB = w1l /12
2
+ w2l2/20
2.800 x 3.4 2
+ 2.380 x 3.4 2
12 20
: 4.073 t-m

Distribution Factors:
At Joint 'A'
Relative stiffness factors for AB , i.e KAB
: I/L = 1 x 0.4 3 : 0.0014
12 x 3.90
Realtive stiffness factors for AE i.e KAE
 : I/L = 1 x 0.4 3 : 0.0016
12 x 3.40
Distribution factor for AB, = KAB
KAB + KAD
: 0.00137 = 0.466
0.0013675 + 0.00156863
Distribution factor for AE, = K AD

KAD + KAB
: 0.0015686275 = 0.534
0.0015686 + 0.00136752
Similarly Distribution factors for : 0.4658
other members HG,EF,and DC

Distribution factors for EA,HD and DH : 0.534

At Joint 'B'
Relative stiffness factor for BA, KBA : 0.0014
Realative stiffness factor for BF, KBF : 0.0016
Relative stiffness factor for BC, KBC : 0.0014

Distribution factor for BA = 0.0014

0.0014 + 0.0016 + 0.0014
= 0.3178
Distribution factor for BF = 0.0016
0.0014 + 0.0016 + 0.0014
= 0.3645
Distribution factor for BC = 0.3178
SimilarlyDistribution factor for
GH and CD = 0.3178
Distribution factor for FB = 0.3645

For MOMENT DISTRIBUTION separate sheet is enclosed

CALCULATION OF SPAN B.Ms AND REACTIONA AT SUPPORTS

For top horizontal members 'AB' and 'BC' 7.669 t/m2

Max S.F : wl/2 A B

: 7.669 x 3.90 3.90
2 13.646 16.263
: 14.954 t
10.860
SF Correction : 10.860 - 5.756 5.756
3.90
: 1.309 t
RA = 14.954 - 1.309 = 13.646 t
RB = 14.954 + 1.309 = 16.263 t
Bending Moment at a distance of 'x' from 'A'
 : 13.646 x - 7.669 x2 - 5.756
2
For max BM, d(Mx)/dx = 0
i.e 13.646 = 7.669 x
x = 1.779 m
Max BM = 13.65 x 1.779 - 7.669 x 1.779 2 - 5.756
2
= 6.384 t-m
BM at face of end support i.e 0.2 m from 'A'

M0.225 = 13.65 x 0.200 - 7.669 x 0.200 2 - 5.756

2
= -3.180 t-m
BM at the face of the central support i.e 3.7 m from 'A'

M2.925 = 13.65 x 3.700 - 7.669 x 3.700 2 - 5.756

2
= -7.761 t-m
Point of contraflexure:

13.65 x - 7.669 x2 - 5.756 = 0

2
13.65 x - 3.834 x2 - 5.756 = 0

x2 - 3.559 x + 1.5012 = 0

x = 3.56 + 3.55872 2 - 4 x 1 x 1.5012

2
= 3.56 + 2.581
2
= 3.070 m and 0.489 m from 'A'

CALCULATION OF SPAN B.Ms AND REACTIONA AT SUPPORTS

For bottom horizontal members 'GH' and 'EF'
17.326 t 20.459 t
Max S.F : wl/2
: 9.689 x 3.90 D E
2 9.689
: 18.893 t t/m2
13.690
S>F Correction : 13.690- 7.581 7.581
3.90
: 1.566 t
RA = 18.893 - 1.566 = 17.326 t
RB = 18.893 + 1.566 = 20.459 t
 Bending Moment at a distance of 'x' from 'D'
: 17.326 x - 9.689 x2 - 7.581
2
For max BM, d(Mx)/dx = 0
i.e 17.326 = 9.689 x
x = 1.788 m
Max BM = 17.3 x 1.788 x - 9.689 x 1.788 2 - 7.581
2
= 7.911 t-m
BM at face of end support i.e 0.2 m from 'E'

M0.225 = 17.33 x 0.200 - 9.689 x 0.200 2 - 7.581

2
= -4.310 t-m
BM at the face of the central support I.e 3.7 m from 'E'

M2.925 = 17.33 x 3.700 - 9.689 x 3.700 2 - 7.581

2
= -9.792 t-m
Point of contraflexure:

17.3 x - 9.689 x2 - 7.581 = 0

2
17.3 x - 4.844 x2 - 7.581 = 0

x2 - 3.58 x + 1.565 = 0

x = 3.58 + 3.57664 2 - 4 x 1 x 1.565

2
= 3.58 + 2.556
2
= 3.066 m and 0.510 m from 'E'

VERTICAL MEMBERS 'AE' AND 'DH'

RA = 2.8 x 3.4 + 2.800 t/m2

5.756 RA
2
1 x 2.380 x 3.4 x 1
2 3
= 4.760 + 1.349 3.4
= 6.109 t
RD = 4.760 + 2 x 1.349
= 7.457 t
 2.380
7.581 RB
SF Correction : 7.58 - 5.756 5.180 t/m 2

3.4
: 0.537
RA : 6.109 - 0.537 = 5.572 t
RD : 7.457 + 0.537 = 7.994 t
BM at a distance of 'x' from 'A'
M = 5.572 x - 2.800 x 2 - 2.38 x X x X x - 6
2 3.4 2 3
= 5.572 x - 1.4 x 2 - 0.117 x 3 - 5.76
For Max BM dM/dx=0
5.572 - 2.8 x - 0.35 x 2 = 0

x 2 + 8 x - 15.92 = 0

x = -8 + 8 2 - 4 x 1 x -15.920
2
= -8 + 11.300
2
= 1.65 m from 'A'
Max BM,
5.572 x 1.650 - 2.800 x 1.65 2 - 2.38 x 1.650 3 5.756
2 3.4 x 6
= 9.192
- 3.810 - 0.52385 - 5.756
= -0.898 t-m
BM at the face of the support near 'A' i.e 0.2 m from 'A'

5.572 x 0.200 - 2.800 x 0.200 2 - 2.38 x 0.2 3 5.756

2 3.4 x 6
: 1.114 - 0.056 - 0.00093 - 5.756
: -4.699 t-m
BM at the face of the support at bottom i.e 3.200 m from 'A'
5.572 x 3.200 - 2.800 x 3.200 2 - 2.38 x 3.2 3 5.756
2 3.4 x 6
: 17.830 - 14.336 - 3.82293 - 5.756
: -6.085 t-m

SHEAR FORCE BENDING MOMENT

END AT THE FACE OF AT THE FACE OF
MEMBER
CENTARL THE CENTRAL THE END MAX BM
SUPPORT SUPPORT(T) SUPPORT (T-M) SUPPORT (T-M)

13.646 16.263 -7.761 -3.180 6.384

TOP
RA RB

17.326 20.459 -9.792 -4.310 7.911

BOTTOM
 BOTTOM
RE RF

5.572 7.994 -6.085 -4.699 -0.898

VERTICALS
RA RE (BOTTOM) (TOP)

DESIGN OF INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS

DESIGN CONSTANTS:
Use M20 grade concrete and HYSD bars of Fe 415 grade
(1) For faces away from water retaining sides
t = 1840 kg/cm2
c = 70 kg/cm2
m = 2800 = 2800 = 13.33
3c 3 x 70
k = 1 = 1 = 0.337
1 + t 1 + 1840
mc 13.33 x 70
j = 1 - k = 1 - 0.337 = 0.888
3 3
R = 1 c k j
2
= 1 x 70 x 0.337 x 0.888 = 10.4575
2
M = 10.458 b x d2
(2) For faces in direct contact with water
t = 1500 kg/cm2
c = 70 kg/cm2
m = 2800 = 2800 = 13.33
3c 3 x 70
k = 1 = 1 = 0.384
1 + t 1 + 1500
mc 13.33 x 70
j = 1 - k = 1 - 0.384 = 0.872
3 3
R = 1 c k j
2
= 1 x 70 x 0.384 x 0.872 = 11.7083
2
M = 11.708 b x d2

DESIGN OF BOTTOM HORIZONTAL MEMERS 'DE' AND 'EF'

Max +ve BM near center of span = 7.911 t-m
Max -ve BM at the face of central support = -9.792 t-m
Bottom center of span EF:
M = 7.911 t-m
Depth required = 7.911 x 10 5
11.708 x 100
= 25.994 cm
Adopting overall depth of 40 cm and 30 mm clear cover and using
16 mm dia bars
Effective depth available = 40 - 3 - 0.8
= 36.2 > 25.99
Area of steel required at center of span
= M
t x j x d
= 7.911 x 10 5
1500 x 0.872 x 36.2
= 16.71 cm 2
Spacing of 16 mm dia bars
= 2.01 x 100 = 12.030 cm
16.71 120.299 mm
Providing 16 mm dia bars @ 120 mm c/c with alternative bars cranked at
supports ('a' and 'b' bars at bottom)

Area of steel provided = 2.01 x 100 = 16.747 > 16.71 cm 2

12
Bottom central support
M = 9.792 t-m
Depth required = 9.792 x 10 5
10.458 x 100
= 30.6005 cm
Adopting overall depth of 55 cm and 30 mm clear cover and using
16 mm dia bars
Effective depth available = 55 - 3 - 0.8
= 51.2 > 30.60
Area of steel required at the face of central support
= M
t x j x d
= 9.792 x 10 5
1840 x 0.888 x 51.2
= 11.708 cm 2
Min area of steel = 0.12 % gross sectional area
= 0.12 x 47.5 x 100 = 5.7 cm 2
100

Area of cranked up bars of 16 mm dia 240 mm c/c ('b' bars cranked)

= 2.01 x 100 = 8.37 cm 2

 24
Extral steel to be provided at support
= 11.71 - 8.373 = 3.33 cm2
Providing 10 mm dia bars at 120 mm c/c at support('c' Rods straigh at bottom)
Area of steel = 0.79 x 100 = 6.542 > 3.33 cm2
12
Total area of steel provided foe -ve BM = 8.37 + 6.54 = 14.915 > 11.71
cm2
CHECK FOR SHEAR
SF at the face of central support 17.326 20.459
= 20.459 - 9.689 x 0.200
= 18.521 t 3.90
Nominal shear stress
tv = V 9.689
bd
= 18.521 x 1000 = 3.617 kg/cm2
100 x 51.2
= 0.362 N/mm2
tc max = 1.8 N/mm2
tv < tc max
Clause B-5.3.1 of IS 456:2000 for slabs tv shall not exceed half the value of tc max
given n table 24 i.e 1.8 N/mm 2
for M20 grade of concrete, when shear
reinforcement is provided.as per table on P-84)
tc = Permissible shear stress in concrete without shear reiforcement as
per clause B-5.2 of IS 456:2000
B-5.2.2 of IS 456:2000 (P-84)
For solid slabs the permissible stress in the concrete shall be k tc , where k has the
value given below (where tc is permissible shear stress in concrete in beams without shear
reinforcement as per table on P-84.

Overall depth of slab in mm 300 0r more 275 250 225 200 175 150
k 1.000 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.3 1.30
Cosidering steel at all supports of straight bars i.e 16 mm dia at ### mm c/c
provided at bottom and 10 mm dia at 120 mm c/c cranked at supports.
100 x Ast = 100 x 14.92 = 0.291 %
bd 100 x 51.2

tc = 0.22 + ( 0.3 - 0.22 ) x 0.291 - 0.25 )

0.25
= 0.233 N/mm2 0.15 - 0.18
k tc = 1.0 x 0.233 = 0.233 N/mm 2
0.25 - 0.22
tv < k t c Hence shear reinforcement is not necessary. 0.50 - 0.3
Shear resisted by concrete section = tc x bd 0.75 - 0.35
= 2.33 x 100 x 51.2 1.0 - 0.39
 = 11940.8 kgs or 11.941 t

Balance shear to be resisted = V - tc bd

= 18.521 - 11.941 = 6.581 t
This balance shear will be resisted by bent up bars.
Shear resistance that can be offered by bent up bars of 16 mm dia at ### mm c/c
= бsv x A sv x sin α
= 1840 x 2.01 x 100 x sin 45
24
= 10894.35 kg = 10.894347 t > 6.581 t
Check for development length
Development length of bars required as per clause 26.2.1 of IS:456:2000 is
Ld = Φ бs where Φ is Nominal dia of bar
4 tbd бs is 184 N/mm2
= 16 x 184 tbd is design bond stress given in 26.2.1.1
4 x 1.28 of IS 456:2000
= 575 mm 0.8 x 1.6
1.28 N/mm 2
( For working stress
method )
As per clause 26.2.3.3. of IS 456:2000
Ld > M1 + Lo
V
M1 = A sc бst j d
= 2.01 x 100 x 1840 x 0.888 x 51.2
24
10 5
= 7.003 t-m
V = Shear force at the face of central support = 18.521 t
Lo = 20 - 5.0 + 8 x 1.6 + 10
= 37.8 cm
M1 + Lo = 0.756 > 0.575 (Ld)
V
Hence for development the compression reifrocement shall be bent to 900 and taken to
100 mm height into the vertical member as shown below

16 mm dia at 240 mm c/c

40

100

CHECK FOR STRESSES

Calculation of stresses in bottom horizontal member for max +ve BM near center of span.
Max +ve BM = 7.911 t-m
Providing 16 mm dia bars at 120 mm c/c on tension side and 10 mm dia at
 120 mm c/c on compression face at center of span.
Ast = 2.01 x 100 = 16.75 cm2
12
Asc = 0.785 x 100 = 6.54 cm2
12
dt = 3.8 cm , dc = 3.5 cm , d = 40 - 3.8
= 36.2 cm
m = 13.33 mc = 1.5 x 13.33 = 20.00
Let 'n' be the depth of neutral axis
Taking moment of equivalent area about neutral axis
B n n + ( mc - 1 ) x Asc ( n-dc ) = m Ast (d-n)
2
100 n2 + ( 20 - 1) x 6.542 ( n - 3.5 )
2 = 13.33 x 16.75 x ( 36.2 - n )
50 n +
2
124.292 n - 435.02 = 223.3 ( 36.2 - n )
50 n +
2
347.581 n - 8518.08 = 0
n +
2
6.95 n - 170.362 = 0

n = -7.0 + 48.32 - -681

2
= -7.0 + 27.0143
2
= 10.0313332
Let ca be the compressive stree in top fibre of concrete.
Stree in concret in compressve steel zone

ta = ca ( 10.0313 - 3.5 ) = 0.651 ca

10.0313
Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
100 x 10 x ca ( 36.2 - 10.03 ) + ( 20.00 - 1 ) x
2 3
6.542 x c
0.651 a ( 36.2 - 3.5 )
18156.71 ca - 1677.13 + 2646.26 ca = 20802.98 ca - 1677.13
But Moment of Resistance = 7.91113 x 10 5
There fore 7.911128533 x 10 5 = 20802.98 ca - 1677.13
ca = 38.11 < 70 kg/cm 2

Stress in copression = mc tc = 20 x 24.81 = 496.256 < 1840 kg/cm2

Stress in steel = m ca (d-n) = 1326 < 1500 kg/cm2
3
CHECK FOR STRESSES
Check for stresses in bottom horizontal member 'EF'at the face of central support i.e for -ve BM.
Max -ve BM = -9.792 t-m
Providing 16 mm dia bars at 240 mm c/c on compression face a 16 mm dia at
240 mm c/c + 10 mm dia barsat 120 mm c/c at bottom on tension face at bottom
central support.
Asc = 2.01 x 100 = 8.373 cm2
24
Ast = 14.92 cm2

dt = 3.8 cm , dc = 3.8 cm , d = 55 - 3.8

= 51.2 cm
m = 13.33 mc = 1.5 x 13.33 = 20.00
Let 'n' be the depth of newtral axis
Taking moment of equivalent area about neutral axis
B n n + ( mc - 1 ) x Asc ( n-dc ) = m Ast (d-n)
2
100 n2 + ( 20 - 1) x 8.373 ( n - 3.8 )
2 = 13.33 x 14.92x ( 51 - n )
50 n2 + 159.093 n - 604.55 = 198.9 ( 51.2 - n )
50 n2 + 357.960 n - 10786.53 = 0
n +
2
7.16 n - 215.731 = 0

n = -7.16 + 51.25 - -863

2
= + -7.16 30.2353
2
= 11.538075
Let ca be the compressive stree in top fibre of concrete.
Stree in concret in compressve steel zone

ta = ca ( 11.54 - 3.8 ) = 0.671 ca

11.54
Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
100 x 11.5 x ca ( 51.2 -
11.54 ) + ( 20.00 - 1 ) x
2 3
8.373 x 0.671 ca ( 51.2 - 3.8 )
29537.47 ca - 2218.79 + 5057.43 ca = 34594.90 ca - 2218.79
But Moment of Resistance = -9.79232 x 10 5
There fore 9.792322636 x 10 5 = 34594.90 ca - 2218.79
ca = 28.37 < 70 kg/cm2
Stress in compression steel = mc ta = 20 x 19.03 = 380.5 < 1500 kg/cm2
Stress in tensile steel = mca(d-n)/3 = 1300 < 1840 kg/cm2
 DESIGN OF TOP HORIZONTAL MEMERS 'AB' AND 'CD'
Max +ve BM near center of span = 6.384 t-m
Max -ve BM at the face of central support = -7.761 t-m

Top center of span AB:

M = 6.384 t-m
Depth required = 6.384 x 10 5
11.708 x 100
= 23.3508 cm
Adopting overall depth of 40 cm and 30 mm clear cover and using
16 mm dia bars
Effective depth available = 40 - 3 - 0.8
= 36.2 > 23.35
Area of steel required at center of span
= M
t x j x d
= 6.384 x 10 5
1500 x 0.872 x 36.2
= 13.48 cm 2
Spacing of 16 mm dia bars
= 2.01 x 100 = 14.907 cm
13.48 149.074 mm
Providing 16 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c with alternative bars cranked at
supports ('a' and 'b' bars at bottom)

Area of steel provided = 2.01 x 100 = 13.397 > 13.48 cm 2

15
Top central support
M = 7.761 t-m
Depth required = 7.761 x 10 5
10.458 x 100
= 27.2418 cm
Adopting overall depth of 55 cm and 30 mm clear cover and using
16 mm dia bars
Effective depth available = 55 - 3 - 0.8
= 51.2 > 27.24
Area of steel required at the face of central support
= M
t x j x d
= 7.761 x 10 5
1840 x 0.888 x 51.2
= 9.279 cm 2
Min area of steel = 0.12 % gross sectional area
= 0.12 x 47.5 x 100 = 5.7 cm 2
100
Area of cranked up bars of 16 mm dia 300 mm c/c ('b' bars cranked)
 = 2.01 x 100 = 6.70 cm 2
30
Extral steel to be provided at support
= 9.28 - 6.699 = 2.58 cm2
Providing 10 mm dia bars at 150 mm c/c at support('c' Rods straigh at top)
Area of steel = 0.79 x 100 = 5.233 > 2.58 cm2
15
Total area of steel provided for -ve BM = 6.70 + 5.23 = 11.932 > 9.28
cm2
CHECK FOR SHEAR
SF at the face of central support 13.646 16.263
= 16.263 - 7.669 x 0.200
= 14.729 t 3.90
Nominal shear stress
tv = V 7.669
bd
= 14.729 x 1000 = 2.877 kg/cm2
100 x 51.2
= 0.288 N/mm2
tc max = 1.8 N/mm2
tv < tc max
Clause B-5.3.1 of IS 456:2000 for slabs tv shall not exceed half the value of tc max
given n table 24 i.e 1.8 N/mm2 for M20 grade of concrete, when shear
reinforcement is provided.as per table on P-84)
tc = Permissible shear stress in concrete without shear reiforcement as
per clause B-5.2 of IS 456:2000
B-5.2.2 of IS 456:2000 (P-84)
For solid slabs the permissible stress in the concrete shall be k tc , where k has the
value given below (where tc is permissible shear stress in concrete in beams without shear
reinforcement as per table on P-84.

Overall depth of slab in mm 300 0r more 275 250 225 200 175 150
k 1.000 1.05 1.1 1.15 1.2 1.3 1.30
Cosidering steel at all supports of straight bars i.e 16 mm dia at ### mm c/c
provided at bottom and 10 mm dia at 150 mm c/c cranked at supports.
100 x Ast = 100 x 11.93 = 0.233 %
bd 100 x 51.2

tc = 0.22 + ( 0.3 - 0.22 ) x 0.233 - 0.25 )

0.25
= 0.215 N/mm2 0.15 - 0.18
k tc = 1.0 x 0.215 = 0.215 N/mm2 0.25 - 0.22
tv < k tc Hence shear reinforcement is not necessary. 0.50 - 0.3
 Shear resisted by concrete section = tc x bd 0.75 - 0.35
= 2.15 x 100 x 51.2 1.0 - 0.39
= 10986.2 kgs or 10.986 t

Balance shear to be resisted = V - tc bd

= 14.729 - 10.986 = 3.743 t
This balance shear will be resisted by bent up bars.
Shear resistance that can be offered by bent up bars of 16 mm dia at ### mm c/c
= бsv x A sv x sin α
= 1840 x 2.01 x 100 x sin 45
30
= 8715.48 kg = 8.7154776 t > 3.743 t
Check for development length
Development of bars required as per clause 26.2.1 of IS:456:2000 is
Ld = Φ бs where Φ is Nominal dia of bar
4 tbd бs is 184 N/mm2
= 16 x 184 tbd is design bond stress given in 26.2.1.1
4 x 1.28 of IS 456:2000
= 575 mm 0.8 x 1.6
1.28 N/mm2 ( For working stress
method )
As per clause 26.2.3.3. of IS 456:2000
Ld > M1 + Lo
V
M1 = A sc бst j d
= 2.01 x 100 x 1840 x 0.888 x 51.2
30
10 5
= 5.603 t-m
V = Shear force at the face of central support = 14.729 t
Lo = 20 - 5.0 + 8 x 1.6 + 10
= 37.8 cm
M1 + Lo = 0.758 > 0.575 (Ld)
V
Hence for development the compression reifrocement shall be bent to 900 and taken to
100 mm height into the vertical member as shown below

16 mm dia at 300 mm c/c

40

100

CHECK FOR STRESSES

Calculation of stresses in top horizontal member for max +ve BM near center of span.
 Max +ve BM = 6.384 t-m
Providing 16 mm dia bars at 150 mm c/c on tension side and 10 mm dia at
150 mm c/c on compression face at center of span.
Ast = 2.01 x 100 = 13.40 cm2
15
Asc = 0.785 x 100 = 5.23 cm2
15
dt = 3.8 cm , dc = 3.5 cm , d = 40 - 3.8
= 36.2 cm
m = 13.33 mc = 1.5 x 13.33 = 20.00
Let 'n' be the depth of neutral axis
Taking moment of equivalent area about neutral axis
B n n + ( mc - 1 ) x Asc ( n-dc ) = m Ast (d-n)
2
100 n2 + ( 20 - 1) x 5.233 ( n - 3.5 )
2 = 13.33 x 13.4 x ( 36.2 - n )
50 n2 + 99.433 n - 348.02 = 178.6 ( 36.2 - n )
50 n2 + 278.064 n - 6814.46 = 0
n +
2
5.56 n - 136.289 = 0

n = -5.6 + 30.93 - -545

2
= -5.6 + 24.0018
2
= 9.22024058
Let ca be the compressive stree in top fibre of concrete.
Stree in concret in compressve steel zone

ta = ca ( 9.22024 - 3.5 ) = 0.620 ca

9.22024
Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
100 x 9.22 x ca ( 36.2 - 9.22 ) + ( 20.00 - 1 ) x
2 3
5.233 x 0.620 ca ( 36.2 - 3.5 )
16688.64 ca - 1416.88 + 2017.21 ca = 18705.85 ca - 1416.88
But Moment of Resistance = 6.38406 x 10 5
There fore 6.384057452 x 10 5 = 18705.85 ca - 1416.88
ca = 34.20 < 70 kg/cm2
Stress in copression = mc tc = 20 x 21.22 = 424.409 < 1840 kg/cm2
Stress in steel = m ca (d-n) = 1334 < 1500 kg/cm2
3
CHECK FOR STRESSES
Check for stresses in top horizontal member 'AB'at the face of central support i.e for -ve BM.
Max -ve BM = -7.761 t-m
Providing 16 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c on compression face a 16 mm dia at
300 mm c/c + 10 mm dia barsat 150 mm c/c at bottom on tension face at bottom
central support.
Asc = 2.01 x 100 = 6.699 cm2
30
Ast = 11.93 cm2

dt = 3.8 cm , dc = 3.8 cm , d = 55 - 3.8

= 51.2 cm
m = 13.33 mc = 1.5 x 13.33 = 20.00
Let 'n' be the depth of newtral axis
Taking moment of equivalent area about neutral axis
B n n + ( mc - 1 ) x Asc ( n-dc ) = m Ast (d-n)
2
100 n2 + ( 20 - 1) x 6.699 ( n - 3.8 )
2 = 13.33 x 11.93 x ( 51 - n )
50 n +
2
127.275 n - 483.64 = 159.1 ( 51.2 - n )
50 n2 + 286.368 n - 8629.22 = 0
n2 + 5.73 n - 172.584 = 0

n = -5.73 + 32.80 - -690

2
= + -5.73 26.8913
2
= 10.5819554
Let ca be the compressive stree in top fibre of concrete.
Stree in concret in compressve steel zone

ta = ca ( 10.58 - 3.8 ) = 0.641 ca

10.58
Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
100 x 10.6 x ca ( 51.2 -
10.58 ) + ( 20.00 - 1 ) x
2 3
6.699 x c
0.641 a ( 51.2 - 3.8 )
27089.81 ca - 1866.30 + 3866.42 ca = 30956.23 ca - 1866.30
But Moment of Resistance = -7.76068 x 10 5
There fore 7.760675248 x 10 5 = 30956.23 ca - 1866.30
ca = 25.13 < 70 kg/cm2
Stress in compression steel = mc ta = 20 x 16.11 = 322.1 < 1840 kg/cm2
Stress in tensile steel = mca(d-n)/3 = 1286 < 1500 kg/cm2
 DESIGN OF VERTICAL MEMBERS 'AE' AND 'DH'
The maximum -ve moment in vertical member is -6.085 t-m

e = M = 6.085 = 0.351 m = 351.208 mm

P 17.326
e = 351.208 = 0.88 < 1.5
D 400
This case belongs to case-III ( load at moderate eccentricity) of columns
Clause 26.5.3.1.b of IS 456:2000 says "In any column that has a larger cross sectional area than that
required to support the load the min percentage of steel shall be based upon the area of concrete
required to support the direct stress and not apon the actual area"
Stress in concrete in direct compression = 50 kg/cm2
Vertical force on column = 17.326 t
Area of concrete required to support the load,
= 17.326 x 1000 = 346.524 cm2
50
Minimum percentage of steel to be provided, = 0.8 % of area of concret as above.
= 0.8 x 346.524
100
= 2.772 cm2
However providing 16 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c on each face to keep the stresses
within limits.
Area of steel provided on each face =200.96 x 1000 = 669.867 mm2
300
( 6.69867 x 2 = 13.397333 > 2.772 )
dc = dt = 40 + 16 = 48 mm
2
e + D - dt = 351.208 + 400 - 48 = 503.21
2 2
Ast = Asc = 200.96 x 1000 = 669.866667 mm2
300
Depth of neutral axis,
e + D - dt = bn/2 (D-dt-n/3 ) + ((mc-1) Asc (n-dc) (D-dc-dt))/n
bn/2 + (mc-1) Asc (n-dc)/n - m Ast ((D-dt-n)/n) Eq 1
2
Right side of Equation 1 becomes,
1000 x n ( 400 - 48 - n) + ( 20.00
-1 ) 669.9 ( n - 48 )
2 3 ( 400
-48 - 48 )
n
1000 x n+ ( 20.0 -1 ) 669.87 ( n - 48 ) / n - 20.0 x 669.8667 x
2 ( 400 - 48 - n)
n
500 121 ( 352 - 121 ) + 3869149.9 ( 121 - 48 )
3 120.7 = 301.64
500 121 + 12727.4667 ( 120.7 - 48 ) - 13397.333 x ( 352 - 121 )
 120.7 121
21145583.9116818 = 499.3949326174
42342.4078431373

By trail & Error n = 120.700 mm

Moment of Resistanse,
b x n xca ( d- n/3)+ ( mc - 1 ) x Asc x ta x ( d - dc )
2
1000 x 120.700 C x 311.77 + 19 x 669.87 x ( 120.700 - 48 ) x
2 120.700
( 400 - 48 - 48 ) = 17.326 x 10000 x 503.21
18815118.333 C + 2330465.578 C = 87186715.859353

C = 4.123 < 7 N/mm2

Stress in tensile steel = 20 x 4.12316 ( 400 - 48 - 120.700 )
120.700
= 158.03 < 184 N/mm2
Stress in compression steel
= 20 x 4.12316 ( 120.700 - 48 )
120.700
= 49.67 < 150 N/mm2 Hence O.K
However for middle vertical members provide vertical bars of 16mm @ 360mm c/c

Distribution Reinforcement
0.12 % of gross sectional area to be distributed on to the both faces.
Distribution reinforcement on each face,
= 1 x ( 0.12 x 400 x 1000 )
2 100
= 240 mm2 = 2.4 cm2
Using 10 mm dia bars,
Spacing = 0.785 x 100 = 32.71 cm
2.4
However provide 10 mm dia bars at 300 mm c/c on both faces for all the members
as distribution reinforcement. (As per IS 456:2000)
 0.583
0.2915
ble on P-84)
ble on P-84)
 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION ( U.T @ Km.66.966)
(Barrel under Canal Bank )

JOUNTS A B C D H G F

MEMBERS AE AB BA BF BC CB CG CD DC DH HD HG GH GC GF FG FB

DISTRIBUTION FACTO 0.5342 0.4658 0.3178 0.3645 0.3178 0.3178 0.3645 0.3178 0.4658 0.5342 0.5342 0.4658 0.3178 0.3645 0.3178 0.3178 0.3645

F.E.M s 3.6144 -9.720 9.7203 0 -9.720 9.7203 0 -9.72 9.7203 -3.614 4.073 -12.28 12.28 0 -12.28 12.28 0

BALANCE 3.2621 2.8438 -2.844 -3.262 4.385 3.8225

CARRY OVER -2.192 1.4219 -1.422 2.192 -1.631 1.9113

BALANCE 1.1713 1.0211 -0.452 -0.518 -0.452 0.4518 0.5183 0.4518 -1.021 -1.171 0.8714 0.7597 -0.607 -0.697 -0.607 0.6073 0.6966

CARRY OVER -0.436 -0.226 0.5105 0.3483 0.2259 -0.226 -0.348 -0.511 0.2259 0.4357 -0.586 -0.304 0.3798 0.2591 0.3037 -0.304 -0.259

BALANCE 0.3535 0.3081 -0.345 -0.395 -0.345 0.345 0.3954 0.3447 -0.308 -0.353 0.4751 0.4142 -0.3 -0.344 -0.3 0.2995 0.3436

CARRY OVER -0.238 -0.172 0.1541 0.1718 0.1723 -0.172 -0.172 -0.154 0.1723 0.2375 -0.177 -0.15 0.2071 0.1977 0.1498 -0.15 -0.198

BALANCE 0.219 0.1909 -0.158 -0.182 -0.158 0.1583 0.1816 0.1583 -0.191 -0.219 0.1744 0.1521 -0.176 -0.202 -0.176 0.1762 0.2021

CARRY OVER -0.087 -0.079 0.0955 0.1011 0.0792 -0.079 -0.101 -0.095 0.0792 0.0872 -0.109 -0.088 0.076 0.0908 0.0881 -0.088 -0.091

BALANCE 0.0889 0.0775 -0.088 -0.1 -0.088 0.0876 0.1005 0.0876 -0.077 -0.089 0.1056 0.092 -0.081 -0.093 -0.081 0.081 0.0929

FINAL MOMENTS 5.7563 -5.756 10.860 -0.575 -10.29 10.285 0.5746 -10.86 5.756 -5.756 7.581 -7.581 13.69 -0.788 -12.90 12.90 0.788
F E

FE EF EA

0.3178 0.4658 0.5342

-12.28 12.28 -4.073

-3.823 -4.385

-1.911 1.631

0.6073 -0.76 -0.871

-0.38 0.3037 0.5856

0.2995 -0.414 -0.475

-0.207 0.1498 0.1767

0.1762 -0.152 -0.174

-0.076 0.0881 0.1095

0.081 -0.092 -0.106

-13.69 7.5812 -7.581

 DESIGN OF U/S HEAD WALL
The top of the head wall on the u/s is proposed at 416.116

0.50 416.116
W4

W3
W2 W1 2.600

0.90 A 413.516
0.4 RCC Barrel
413.116

Unit weight of concrete = 2.40 Kv = 0.0384

Unit weight of soil = 2.10 Kh = 0.1338
Surcharge Slope = Level Surcharge
Taking Moments about A (Stress on foundation)
Lever
Sno. Load Magnitu Arm in Moment
de in t m in tm
1 W1 0.50 x
2.60 x 2.40 3.120 0.25 0.780
2 W2 0.5 x
0.90 x 2.60 x 2.40 2.808 0.800 2.246
3 W3 0.5 x
0.90 x 2.60 x 2.10 2.457 1.100 2.703
4 Pv 0.0384 x
2.60 2 x 2.10 0.545 1.40 0.763
∑V= 8.930
5 Ph 0.1338 x
2.60 2 x 2.10 1.899 1.092 -2.074
∑M= 4.418
L.A of resultant , x = ∑M/∑V
L.A of resultant , x = 4.418 / 8.930 0.495
Eccentricity ,e = 1.40 / 2 - 0.495 = 0.205
Allowable eccentricity = 1.40 / 6 = 0.233 m > 0.205
Hence no tension

Max. Compressive Stress ∑V/Bx(1+6e/B)

=
8.930 / 1.40 x(1+ 6 x 0.205 / 1.40 )
=
11.99 t / Sq.m
Min. Compressive Stress ∑V/Bx(1-6e/B)
=
8.930 / 1.40 x(1- 6 x 0.205 / 1.40 )
=
0.77 t / Sq.m
 DESIGN OF D/S HEAD WALL
The top of the head wall on the u/s is proposed at 416.116

0.50 416.116
W4

W3
W2 W1 2.600

0.90 A 413.516
0.4 RCC Barrel
413.116

Unit weight of concrete = 2.40 Kv = 0.0384

Unit weight of soil = 2.10 Kh = 0.1338
Surcharge Slope = Level Surcharge
Taking Moments about A (Stress on foundation)
Lever
Sno. Load Magnitu Arm in Moment
de in t m in tm
1 W1 0.50 x
2.60 x 2.40 3.120 0.25 0.780
2 W2 0.5 x
0.90 x 2.60 x 2.40 2.808 0.800 2.246
3 W3 0.5 x
0.90 x 2.60 x 2.10 2.457 1.100 2.703
4 Pv 0.0384 x
2.60 2 x 2.10 0.545 1.40 0.763
∑V= 8.930
5 Ph 0.1338 x
2.60 2 x 2.10 1.899 1.092 -2.074
∑M= 4.418
L.A of resultant , x = ∑M/∑V
L.A of resultant , x = 4.418 / 8.930 0.495
Eccentricity ,e = 1.40 / 2 - 0.495 = 0.205
Allowable eccentricity = 1.40 / 6 = 0.233 m > 0.205
Hence no tension

Max. Compressive Stress ∑V/Bx(1+6e/B)

=
8.930 / 1.40 x(1+ 6 x 0.205 / 1.40 )
=
11.99 t / Sq.m
Min. Compressive Stress ∑V/Bx(1-6e/B)
=
8.930 / 1.40 x(1- 6 x 0.205 / 1.40 )
=
0.77 t / Sq.m
 DESIGN OF U/S WING WALL AT JUNCTION OF BARREL.

The top of the wing wall at the junction of head wall is proposed at 416.116

0.50 416.116

W4 W3
W2 W1 6.841
410.191

0.30 2.80 A 409.275

0.50 W5
B 408.775
3.90

Unit weight of concrete = 2.40 Kv = 0.0384

Unit weight of soil = 2.10 Kh = 0.1338
Taking Moments about A (Stress on foundation)
Lever
Sno. Load Magnitud Arm in Moment
e in t m in tm
1 W1 0.50 x 6.84 x 2.40 8.209 0.25 2.052
2 W2 0.5 x 2.80 x 6.84 x 2.40 22.986 1.433 32.946
3 W3 0.5 x 2.80 x 6.84 x 2.10 20.113 2.367 47.600
4 Pv1 0.0384 x 6.84 2
x 2.10 3.774 3.30 12.454
5 Pv2 0.0384 x 0.92 2
x 2.10 0.068 0.00 0.000
∑V= 55.149
6 Ph1 0.1338 x 6.84 2
x 2.10 13.150 2.873 -37.782
7 Ph2 0.1338 x 0.92 2
x 2.10 0.236 0.385 0.091
∑ M = 57.361
L.A of resultant , x = ∑ M / ∑ V
L.A of resultant , x = 57.361 / 55.149 1.040
Eccentricity ,e = 3.30 / 2 - 1.040 = 0.610
Allowable eccentricity = 3.30 / 6 = 0.550 m > 0.610
Hence no tension

Max.Compressive stress = ∑V/Bx(1+6e/B)

= 55.149 / 3.30 x(1+ 6 x 0.610 / 3.30 )
= 35.24 t / Sq.m
Min.Compressive Stress = ∑V/Bx(1-6e/B)
= 55.149 / 3.30 x(1- 6 x 0.610 / 3.30 )
= -1.82 t / Sq.m
Taking Moments about B (Stress on Soil)

Lever
Sno. Load Magnitud Arm in Moment
e in t m in tm
1 W1 0.50 x 6.84 x 2.40 8.209 0.55 4.515
2 W2 0.5 x 2.80 x 6.84 x 2.40 22.986 1.73 39.842
3 W3 0.5 x 2.80 x 6.84 x 2.10 20.113 2.67 53.633
4 W4 0.30 x 6.84 x 2.10 4.310 3.75 16.162
5 W5 3.90 x 0.50 x 2.40 4.680 1.95 9.126
6 Pv1 0.0384 x 7.34 2
x 2.10 4.346 3.90 16.948
7 Pv2 0.0384 x 1.42 2
x 2.10 0.162 0.00 0.000
∑V= 64.805
8 Ph1 0.1338 x 7.34 2
x 2.10 15.142 3.083 -46.686
9 Ph2 0.1338 x 1.42 2
x 2.10 0.563 0.595 0.335
∑ M = 93.875

L.A. of Resultant ,x = ∑ M / ∑ V
L.A. of Resultant ,x = 93.88 / 64.805 = 1.45 m
Eccentricity,e = 3.90 / 2 1.45 = 0.50 m
Allowable Eccentricity = 3.90 / 6 = 0.65 m > 0.50 m
Hence no tension

Max.Compressive stress = ∑V/Bx(1+6e/B)

= 64.805 / 3.90 x(1+ 6 x 0.50 / 3.90 )
H.R
= 29.43 t / Sq.m STRATA
Min.Compressive Stress = ∑V/Bx(1-6e /B)
= 64.805 / 3.90 x(1- 6 x 0.50 / 3.90 )
= 3.80 t / Sq.m
 DESIGN OF U/S RETURN WALL .

The top of Return Wall is kept at 415.800

0.50 415.800

W4
W5
6.525
W3 W2
W1

0.30 2.50 0.000 A 409.275

0.50 W6
408.775
3.60
Front Batter = 1 in 0
Unit weight of concrete = 2.40 Kv = 0.0384
Unit weight of soil = 2.10 Kh = 0.1338
Taking Moments about A (Stress on foundation)
Lever
Magnitud Arm in Moment
Sno. Load e in t m in tm
1 W1 0.5 x 0 x 6.53 x 2.40 0.000 0 0.000
1 W2 0.50 x 6.53 x 2.40 7.830 0.25 1.958
2 W3 0.5 x 2.500 x 6.53 x 2.40 19.575 1.333 26.100
3 W4 0.5 x 2.500 x 6.53 x 2.10 17.128 2.167 37.111
4 Pv 0.0384 x 6.525 2
x 2.10 3.433 3.00 10.300
∑V = 47.966
5 Ph 0.1338 x 6.525 2
x 2.10 11.963 2.74 -32.784
∑ M = 42.684
L.A of resultant , x = ∑M/∑V
L.A of resultant , x = 42.684 / 47.966 0.890
Eccentricity ,e = 3.00 / 2 - 0.890 = 0.610
Allowable eccentricity = 3.00 / 6 = 0.500 m > 0.610
Hence no tension
Max.Compressive stress = ∑V/B x (1+6e/B)
= 47.966 / 3.00 x(1+ 6 x 0.610 / 3.00 )
= 35.50 t/Sq.m
Min.Compressive Stress = ∑V/B x (1-6e/B)
= 47.966 / 3.00 x(1- 6 x 0.610 / 3.00 )
= -3.52 t/Sq.m
Taking Moments about B (Stress on Soil)

Lever
Sno. Load Magnitud Arm in Moment
e in t m in tm
1 W1 0.5 x 0 x 6.53 x 2.40 0.000 0.30 0.000
1 W2 0.50 x 6.53 x 2.40 7.830 0.55 4.307
2 W3 0.5 x 2.500 x 6.53 x 2.40 19.575 1.63 31.973
3 W4 0.5 x 2.500 x 6.53 x 2.10 17.128 2.47 42.249
4 W5 0.30 x 6.53 x 2.10 4.111 3.45 14.182
5 W6 3.60 x 0.5 x 2.4 4.320 1.8 7.776
6 Pv 0.0384 x 7.03 2
x 2.10 3.980 3.60 14.327
∑V = 56.944
7 Ph 0.1338 x 7.03 2
x 2.10 13.867 2.95 -40.913
∑ M = 73.900

L.A of resultant , x = ∑ M / ∑ V
L.A.of resultant , x = 73.900 / 56.944 = 1.30 m
Eccentricity,e = 3.60 / 2 - 1.30 = 0.50 m
Allowable Eccentricity = 3.60 / 6 = 0.60 m > 0.50 m
Hence no tension

Max.Compressive stress = ∑V/B x (1+6e/B)

= 56.944 / 3.60 x(1+ 6 x 0.50 / 3.60 )
H.R
= 29.06 t / Sq.m STRATA
Min.Compressive Stress = ∑V/Bx(1-6e/B)
= 56.944 / 3.60 x(1- 6 x 0.50 / 3.60 )
= 2.58 t / Sq.m
 DESIGN OF D/S WING WALL AT JUNCTION OF BARREL.

The top of the wing wall at the junction of head wall is proposed at 416.116

0.50 416.116

W4 W3
W2 W1 7.716
409.200

0.30 3.00 A 408.400

0.50 W5
B 407.900
4.10

Unit weight of concrete = 2.40 Kv = 0.0384

Unit weight of soil = 2.10 Kh = 0.1338
Taking Moments about A (Stress on foundation)
Lever
Sno. Load Magnitud Arm in Moment
e in t m in tm
1 W1 0.50 x 7.72 x 2.40 9.259 0.25 2.315
2 W2 0.5 x 3.00 x 7.72 x 2.40 27.778 1.500 41.666
3 W3 0.5 x 3.00 x 7.72 x 2.10 24.305 2.500 60.764
4 Pv1 0.0384 x 7.72 2
x 2.10 4.801 3.50 16.804
5 Pv2 0.0384 x 0.80 2
x 2.10 0.052 0.00 0.000
∑V= 66.195
6 Ph1 0.1338 x 7.72 2
x 2.10 16.729 3.086 -51.631
7 Ph2 0.1338 x 0.80 2
x 2.10 0.180 0.336 0.060
∑M= 69.978
L.A of resultant , x = ∑M/∑V
L.A of resultant , x = 69.978 / 66.195 1.057
Eccentricity ,e = 3.50 / 2 - 1.057 = 0.693
Allowable eccentricity = 3.50 / 6 = 0.583 m > 0.693
Hence no tension

Max.Compressive stress = ∑V/Bx(1+6e/B)

= 66.195 / 3.50 x(1+ 6 0.693 / 3.50 )
= 41.38 t / Sq.m
Min.Compressive Stress = ∑V/Bx(1-6e/B)
= 66.195 / 3.50 x(1- 6 0.693 / 3.50 )
= -3.55 t / Sq.m
Taking Moments about B (Stress on Soil)

Lever
Sno. Load Magnitud Arm in Moment
e in t m in tm
1 W1 0.50 x 7.72 x 2.40 9.259 0.55 5.093
2 W2 0.5 x 3.00 x 7.72 x 2.40 27.778 1.80 50.000
3 W3 0.5 x 3.00 x 7.72 x 2.10 24.305 2.80 68.055
4 W4 0.30 x 7.72 x 2.10 4.861 3.95 19.201
5 W5 4.10 x 0.50 x 2.40 4.920 2.05 10.086
6 Pv1 0.0384 x 8.22 2
x 2.10 5.443 4.10 22.318
7 Pv2 0.0384 x 1.30 2
x 2.10 0.136 0.00 0.000
∑V= 76.703
8 Ph1 0.1338 x 8.22 2
x 2.10 18.967 3.286 -62.333
9 Ph2 0.1338 x 1.30 2
x 2.10 0.475 0.546 0.259
∑ M = 112.679

L.A. of Resultant ,x = ∑ M / ∑ V
L.A. of Resultant ,x = 112.679 / 76.703 = 1.47 m
Eccentricity,e = 4.10 / 2 - 1.47 = 0.58 m
Allowable Eccentricity = 4.10 / 6 = 0.68 m > 0.58 m
Hence no tension

Max.Compressive stress = ∑V/Bx(1+6e/B)

= 76.703 / 4.10 x(1+ 6 0.58 / 4.10 )

H.R
= 34.61 t / Sq.m STRATA
Min.Compressive Stress = ∑V/Bx(1-6e /B)
= 76.703 / 4.10 x(1- 6 0.58 / 4.10 )
= 2.80 t / Sq.m
 DESIGN OF D/S RETURN WALL .

The top Return Wall is kept at 413.300

0.50 413.300

W4
W5
4.900
W3 W2
W1

0.30 1.700 0.000 A 408.400

0.50 W6
B 407.900
2.80
Front Batter = 1 in 0
Unit weight of concrete = 2.40 Kv = 0.0384
Unit weight of soil = 2.10 Kh = 0.1338
Taking Moments about A (Stress on foundation)
Lever
Sno. Load Magnitude Arm in Moment
in t m in tm
1 W1 0.5 x 0 x 4.90 x 2.40 0.000 0 0.000
1 W2 0.50 x 4.90 x 2.40 5.880 0.25 1.470
2 W3 0.5 x 1.70 x 4.90 x 2.40 9.996 1.067 10.662
3 W4 0.5 x 1.70 x 4.90 x 2.10 8.747 1.633 14.286
4 Pv 0.0384 x 4.900 2
x 2.10 1.936 2.20 4.260
∑V = 26.559
5 Ph 0.1338 x 4.900 2
x 2.10 6.746 2.06 -13.884
∑ M = 16.794
L.A of resultant , x = ∑M/∑V
L.A of resultant , x = 16.794 / 26.559 0.632
Eccentricity ,e = 2.20 / 2 - 0.632 = 0.468
Allowable eccentricity = 2.20 / 6 = 0.367 m > 0.468
Hence no tension
Max.Compressive stress = ∑V/B x (1+6e/B)
= 26.559 / 2.20 x(1+ 6 x 0.468 / 2.20 )
= 27.47 t/Sq.m
Min.Compressive Stress = ∑V/B x (1-6e/B)
= 26.559 / 2.20 x(1- 6 x 0.468 / 2.20 )
= -3.33 t/Sq.m

Taking Moments about B (Stress on Soil)

Lever
Sno. Load Magnitude Arm in Moment
in t m in tm
1 W1 0.5 x 0 x 4.90 x 2.40 0.000 0.30 0.000
1 W2 0.50 x 4.90 x 2.40 5.880 0.55 3.234
 2 W3 0.5 x 1.70 x 4.90 x 2.40 9.996 1.37 13.661
3 W4 0.5 x 1.70 x 4.90 x 2.10 8.747 1.93 16.910
4 W5 0.30 x 4.90 x 2.10 3.087 2.65 8.181
5 W6 2.80 x 0.5 x 2.4 3.360 1.4 4.704
6 Pv 0.0384 x 5.40 2
x 2.10 2.351 2.80 6.584
∑V = 33.421
7 Ph 0.1338 x 5.40 2
x 2.10 8.193 2.27 -18.583
∑ M = 34.691

L.A of resultant , x = ∑ M / ∑ V
L.A.of resultant , x = 34.691 / 33.421 = 1.04 m
Eccentricity,e = 2.80 / 2 - 1.04 = 0.36 m
Allowable Eccentricity = 2.80 / 6 = 0.47 m > 0.36 m
Hence no tension

Max.Compressive stress = ∑V/B x (1+6e/B)

= 33.421 / 2.80 x(1+ 6 x 0.36 / 2.80 )
= 21.19 t / Sq.m
H.R
Min.Compressive Stress = ∑V/Bx(1-6e/B) STRATA
= 33.421 / 2.80 x(1- 6 x 0.36 / 2.80 )
= 2.68 t / Sq.m ALL SOILS

Authorised Sisgnatory Assistant Engineer Deputy Executive Engineer

For RMN-GVR (J.V) AVR HNSS Sub Division -1D AVR HNSS Sub Division -1D
Madanapalli. Madanapalli.

Executive Engineer Superintending Engineer

AVR HNSS Division - 10 AVR HNSS Circle - 3
Dharmavaram. Madanapalle.