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    Universalimmunisationprogram 171120044520

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    Gagan Garg
    The Universal Immunisation Programme was launched in 1985 by the Government of India to reduce mortality and morbidity from six vaccine-preventable diseases. It aims to rapidly increase immunisation coverage, improve service quality, establish reliable cold chain systems, and monitor performance. Key roles include routine immunisation, campaigns for polio, measles and Japanese encephalitis, adverse event monitoring, and vaccine logistics. The programme provides vaccines for diseases like diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles and hepatitis B.

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    Universalimmunisationprogram 171120044520

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    Gagan Garg
    266 views22 pages
    The Universal Immunisation Programme was launched in 1985 by the Government of India to reduce mortality and morbidity from six vaccine-preventable diseases. It aims to rapidly increase immunisation coverage, improve service quality, establish reliable cold chain systems, and monitor performance. Key roles include routine immunisation, campaigns for polio, measles and Japanese encephalitis, adverse event monitoring, and vaccine logistics. The programme provides vaccines for diseases like diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles and hepatitis B.

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    UIP,

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    The Universal Immunisation Programme was launched in 1985 by the Government of India to reduce mortality and morbidity from six vaccine-preventable diseases. It aims to rapidly increase immunisation coverage, improve service quality, establish reliable cold chain systems, and monitor performance. Key roles include routine immunisation, campaigns for polio, measles and Japanese encephalitis, adverse event monitoring, and vaccine logistics. The programme provides vaccines for diseases like diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles and hepatitis B.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    266 views22 pages

    Universalimmunisationprogram 171120044520

    Uploaded by

    Gagan Garg
    The Universal Immunisation Programme was launched in 1985 by the Government of India to reduce mortality and morbidity from six vaccine-preventable diseases. It aims to rapidly increase immunisation coverage, improve service quality, establish reliable cold chain systems, and monitor performance. Key roles include routine immunisation, campaigns for polio, measles and Japanese encephalitis, adverse event monitoring, and vaccine logistics. The programme provides vaccines for diseases like diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles and hepatitis B.

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    of 22

    UNIVERSAL IMMUNISATION PROGRAM

    Dr. Shivangi Dixit


    Universal Immunization
    Programme
    • vaccination program launched by the
    Government of India in1985.
    • became a part of Child Survival and Safe
    motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently
    one of the
    key areas under National Rural Health
    Mission(NRHM) since 2005.
    Ministry of Immunisation
    National rural
    health & division(RCH
    health mission
    family welfare program)
    KEY ROLES
     ROUTINE IMMUNISATION
     CAMPAIGNS(POLIO,MEASLES & JAPANESE
    ENCAPHALITIS)
     MONITORING ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING
    IMMUNISATION
     VACCINE AND COLD STORAGE LOGISTICS
     STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION
     IMMUNISATION TRAININGS
    EVOLUTION OF THE
    PROGRAMME
     1974-Expanded Programme of Immunisation(EPI)

     1985: Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).


    For reduction of mortality and morbidity due to 6 VPD’s.
    Indigenous vaccine production capacity enhanced
    Cold chain established
    Phased implementation - all districts covered by 1989-90.
    Monitoring and evaluation system implemented

     1986: Technology Mission On Immunization


    Monitoring under PMO’s 20 point programme
    Coverage in infants (0 – 12 months) monitored

     1992: Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM)


    Included both UIP and Safe motherhood program

     1997: Reproductive Child Health (RCH 1)

     2005: National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)


    Vaccines under UIP

    Under UIP, following vaccines are provided:


     1. BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)
     2. DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus Toxoid)
     3. OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
     4. Measles
     5. Hepatitis B
     6. TT (Tetanus Toxoid)
     7. JE vaccination (in selected high disease burden
    districts)
     8. Hib containing Pentavalent vaccine
    (DPT+HepB+Hib) (In selected States)
    VPD SURVEILLANCE
     Create evidence base to enable planning &
    development of eefective interventions
     Integrated disease surveillance projects-for
    dectection of early warning signals of
    outbreaks(for control, elimination & eradication)
     National polio surveillance project
     WHO/NPSP provides technical and training
    support for AFP & measles surveillance
    State Programme Implementation
    Plan (PIP)
     Support for alternate vaccine delivery from PHC to sub-centre and
    outreach sessions;
     Deploying retired manpower to carry out immunization activities in
    urban slums and underserved areas, where services are deficient;
     Mobility support to district immunization officer as per state plan for
    monitoring and supportive supervision;
     Review meeting at the state level at 6 monthly intervals;
     Training of ANM, cold chain handlers, mid-level managers, refrigerator
     mechanics etc.;
     Support for mobilization of children to immunization session sites by
    ASHA, women self-help groups
     Printing of immunization cards, monitoring sheet, cold chain chart
    vaccine inventory charts etc.
    VARIOUS CAMPAIGNS

    INTRODUCTION OF
    PULSE POLIO INTRODUCTION OF
    JAPANESE
    IMMUNIZATION HEPATITIS-B
    ENCEPHALITIS
    PROGRAMME VACCINE
    VACCINE

    INTRODUCTION OF INTRODUCTION OF
    MISSION
    MEASLES VACCINE PENTAVALENT
    INDRADHANUSH
    SECOND VACCINE
    OPPORTUNITY (DPT + Hep-B + Hib)
    Do’s Dont’s Vaccination
    Schedule

    DO’S DON’T’S

    It is safe and effective to Withhold the vaccine in


    give BCG, DPT, OPV and Measles case of illness such as cold,
    vaccines at the same time to a cough, diarrhoea or fever.
    child who has completed 9
    months and never been
    vaccinated.
    Give BCG to infants less
    than 1 yr of age (never give BCG to
    children above 1 year of age).
    If a child is brought late for
    a dose, pick up where the schedule
    was left off. For example, if a child
    left with DPT- 2 and comes after 3
    months give DPT-3.
    Cold Chain
    DO’S DON’T’S

    Check expiry date and leave vaccine carrier in sunlight;


    VVM label of vaccine vial before this spoils vaccines that are
    immunizing every child. sensitive to heat and light.

    Keep the vaccines and diluents in a Leave the lid open; this can allow
    plastic bag/zipper bag in the centre heat and light into the carrier, which
    of vaccine carrier with 4 conditioned can spoil vaccines.
    ice-packs.
    û

    Make sure that the diluents are also Drop or sit on the vaccine carrier:
    at +2 to +8 centigrade before this can damage the carrier.
    reconstitution.
    Take one ice pack from vaccine Carry vaccines in handbag as this
    carrier and keep reconstituted BCG can spoil vaccines that are sensitive
    & Measles vaccines only on the top to heat.
    of the ice pack.
    Wash hands before Use un-sterile syringe or
    conducting the session needle for immunization

    Verify beneficiary’s record and .. Draw air into AD syringes


    age of the child.
    Screen for contra-indications. Touch any part of the needle.
    Check label of the vial and Recap the needle
    expiry date.
    Lightly shake the vial of T- .Leave the needle inside the
    Series Vaccine before drawing vial
    the dose.
    Use a new AD syringe for . Use reconstituted
    each injection and new measles and BCG vaccine
    disposable syringe for each after 4hrs and JE after 2 hrs
    reconstitution.
    Use correct diluent for Use vaccine with VVM in
    reconstitution of vaccine. unusable stage or with expiry
    date

    Give appropriate vaccine.


    Inject vaccine using the
    correct site and route for the
    NATIONAL IMMUNISATION
    SCHEDULE
    COMPONENTS OF NIS
    I. Strategy and policy:
     achieving an acceptable, affordable and sustainable standard of health
     targets of improving access and utilization of immunization in the country
     policy addresses issues of vaccine security, management, regulation guidelines,
    vaccine research and development and product development.

    II. Cold Chain System, Vaccines and Logistics:

     system of storing and transporting vaccine at the recommended temperature


    range from the point of manufacture to point of use.
     vaccines are supplied by manufacturers directly to four Government Medical
    Store Depots (at Karnal, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata) and state and regional
    vaccine stores.
     vaccines are further supplied to last cold chain points which are usually situated
    in Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and Community Health Centers.
     daily upkeep of Ice Lined Refrigerators (ILRs) and Deep Freezers (DFs) including
    temperature charting.
     Supplies are made to states on a quarterly basis on receipt of indent. State
    Vaccine Stores can store vaccines for three months and so can district vaccine
    stores.
    III. Injection safety and waste disposal:

     to ensure continuous supply of injection safety


    equipments
     Trainings are conducted and supported by job-aids, on
    job training
     Disposal of immunization waste is strictly as per Central
    Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines for biomedical
    waste disposal
     segregation of waste at source (at the session site),
    transportation to the PHC or CHC, treatment of sharps and
    potentially biohazardous plastic waste, disposal of sharps
    in sharp pits and treated plastic waste through proper
    recycling
    IV. Strategic communication:
     policy-making and guidance for consistent
    information activity through coherent messaging
     issue of media advocacy, proactive planning and
    effective media response is emerging as one of
    the key elements
     The diseases being targeted are diphtheria,
    whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis,
    tuberculosis, measles and Hepatitis B. In addition
    to these, vaccines for Japanese Encephalitis[2]
    and Haemophilus influenzae type B are also
    being provided in selected states.
    Schemes:
    a) Routine Immunization:
    Objectives:
    The stated objectives of UIP are:
     To rapidly increase immunization coverage.
     To improve the quality of services.
     To establish a reliable cold chain system to the
    health facility level.
     Monitoring of performance.
     To achieve self sufficiency in vaccine production.
    Scope and eligibility:
     India has one of the largest Universal Immunization
    Programs (UIP) in the world in terms of the quantities of
    vaccines used, number of beneficiaries covered,
    geographical spread and human resources involved.

     Under the UIP, all vaccines are given free of cost to the
    beneficiaries as per the National Immunization Schedule.
     o All beneficiaries’ namely pregnant women and children
    can get themselves vaccinated at the nearest
    Government/Private health facility or at an immunization
    post (Anganwadi centres/ other identified sites) near to
    their village/urban locality on fixed days.
     o The UIP covers all sections of the society across the
    country with the same high quality vaccines.
    Achievements:
     The biggest achievement of the immunization
    program is the eradication of small pox.
     One more significant milestone is that India is
    free of Poliomyelitis caused by Wild Polio Virus
    (WPV) for more than 33 months.
     Besides, vaccination has contributed significantly
    to the decline in the cases and deaths due to the
    Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs).

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