TUMKUR UNIVERSITY

TUMAKURU

B.Sc. (UG) ZOOLOGY SYLLABUS

(CBCS)

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 TUMKUR UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Programme: Course Structure & Matrix for Semester I, II, III & IV in Zoology – CBCS
Sl. Course Subject, Paper Type of Credits Hours Maxi. Maxi. Maxi.
No. Number in No. and Title in Instruction of Marks Marks Marks
Semester a Semester and hours Exam for I.A/ for SEE per
I/II/III/IV I/II/III/IV per week/ (SEE) Course/ per Course
course per Sem. Course/ Sem.
Course/ Sem.
Sem.
1 1.7-I Sem. Paper No.-I
Animal T 4 4 3 10 90 100
Diversity
2 1.8-I Sem. Practical No-I
Based on 1.7 P 4 2 3 - 50 50
Theory
3 2.7-II Sem. Paper No.-II
Comparative
and T 4 4 3 10 90 100
Developmental
Biology of
Vertebrates
4 2.8-II Sem. Practical No.-II
Based on 2.7 P 4 2 3 - 50 50
Theory
5 3.7-III Sem. Paper No.-III
Physiology and T 4 4 3 10 90 100
Biochemistry
6 3.8-III Sem. Practical No.-III
Based on 3.7 P 4 2 3 - 50 50
Theory
7 4.7-IV Sem. Paper No.-IV
Insects, Vectors T 4 4 3 10 90 100
and Diseases
8 4.8-IV Sem. Practical No.-IV
Based on 4.7 P 4 2 3 - 50 50
Theory

Group III Compulsory Courses and open elective

(Mandatory for the combination of B.Sc. Programme; not to be considered for declaration of class and rank)

8 Courses / 8 Courses for

Semesters four Semesters 32 24 24 40 560 600
(4T &4 P) (4T &4 P) Hours /
Week
Open Elective
9 4.9- IV Sem. Paper 2T 2 3 - 50 50
Apiculture

PTO

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 TUMKUR UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Programme: Course Structure & Matrix for semester V&VI in Zoology – CBCS

Sl. Course Subject, Paper Type of Credits Hours Maxi. Maxi. Maxi.
No. Number* in No. and Title in Instruction of Marks Marks Marks
Sem. V/VI a Semester and hours Exam for I.A/ for per
V/VI per (SEE) Course/ SEE Course
week/Type per Sem. per Sem.
Course/ Course
Sem. / Sem.
10 5.7-V Sem. Paper No.- V
Genetics and T 3 3 3 10 90 100
Evolutionary
Biology
11 5.8 –V Sem. Paper No.VI-Cell
Biology, T 3 3 3 10 90 100
Immunology and
Animal
Biotechnology
12 5.9A-V Sem. Practical No.- V
Based on 5.7 P 3 3 3 - 50 50
Theory
13 5.9B-V Sem. Practical No.-VI
Based on 5.8 P 3 3 - 50 50
Theory
14 6.7- VI Sem. Paper No. -VII
Applied Zoology T 3 4 3 10 90 100
15 6.8- VI Sem. Paper No.-VIII
Environmental T 3 4 3 10 90 100
Biology and
Ethology
16 6.9A-VI Practical No. -VII
Sem. Based on 6.7 P 3 3 3 - 50 50
Theory
17 6.9B- VI Practical No.-VIII -
Sem. Based on 6.8 P 3 3 50 50
Theory
8 Courses for 24
VI & VII Sem. Hours / 20 24 40 560 600
(4T &4P) Week
16 Courses for
Total I / II/III/IV/V/VI 56
Sem.( excluding Hours / 44 48 80 1120 1200
OET Paper) Week
(8T &8P)

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 I SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
1.7:-PAPER I -ANIMAL DIVERSITY
CREDITS 4 - 60 Hours
UNIT -1: KINGDOM PROTISTA 04hrs.
1. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples 02 hrs.
2. Locomotory organelles in Protozoa: Pseudopodia, Flagella, cilia and myonemes 02 hrs.
Locomotion in Protozoa: Amoeboid Movement and Sol- Gel Theory, Euglenoid
movement and Flagellar movement, Ciliary movement and Paddle- Stroke Theory

UNIT-2: PHYLUM PORIFERA 03 hrs.

1. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples 02 hrs.
2. Canal system in Sycon 01 hrs.
UNIT- 3: PHYLUM CNIDARIA 03 hrs.
1. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples 02 hrs.
2. Polymorphism in Hydrozoan with respect to Obelia 01 hrs.
UNIT- 4: PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES 03 hrs.
1. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples 02 hrs.
2. Life history of Taenia solium 01 hrs.
UNIT- 5: PHYLUM NEMATHELMINTHES 05 hrs.
1. General characters of Nematodes with examples 02 hrs.
2. Structure (sexual dimorphism) and life history of Ascaris lumbricoides and its
Parasitic adaptations. 03 hrs.

UNIT- 6: PHYLUM ANNELIDA 03 hrs.

1. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples 02 hrs.
2. Metamerism and its significance in Annelids. 01 hrs.

UNIT-7: PHYLUM ARTHROPODA 05 hrs.

1. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples 02 hrs.
2. Vision in Arthropoda: Compound eye in Palaemon (Mosaic vision)
and Simple eye in Scorpion 02 hrs.
3. Metamorphosis in insects – (Ametabola, Hemimetabola, Paurometabola,
Hypermetabola, Holometabola). 01hrs.

UNIT- 8: Phylum Mollusca 04 hrs.

1. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples 02 hrs.
2. Torsion in Gastropods 02 hrs.

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UNIT- 9: PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA 04 hrs.
1. General characters and classification up to classes with suitable examples 02 hrs.
2. Water Vascular System in Asterias 02 hrs.

UNIT- 10: PROTOCHORDATA 02 hrs.

1. General features 01 hrs.
2. Phylogeny of Protochordates 01 hrs.

UNIT- 11: AGNATHA 02 hrs.

1. General features and its classification up to classes with suitable examples 01 hrs.
2. Differences between Hag fishes and Lampreys 01 hrs.

UNIT- 12: PISCES 04 hrs.

1. General characters and classification up to orders 02 hrs.
2. Osmo-regulation in Fishes – Fresh water and marine water Teleosts 02 hrs.

UNIT- 13: AMPHIBIA 04 hrs.

1. General characters and classification up to orders 02 hrs.
2. Parental care in Amphibia- , Ichthyophis, Alytes, Pipa and Gastrotheca. 02 hrs.

UNIT- 14: REPTILES 04 hrs.

1. General characters and classification up to living orders 02 hrs.
2. Poisonous and Non- Poisonous snakes 01 hrs.
3. Poison apparatus, composition of Venom and its effects. Biting mechanism in
Snakes 01hrs.

UNIT- 15: AVES 05 hrs.

1. General characters and mention the living orders with examples 02hrs.
2. Flight adaptations in Birds 02 hrs.
3. Interesting features of Ratitae and Carinatae 01 hrs.

UNIT-16: MAMMALS 05 hrs.

1. General characters and classification up to living orders 02 hrs.
2. Interesting features of Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria 02 hrs.
3. Origin of mammals 01 hrs.

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REFERENCES:
 Invertebrate Zoology - E. L. Jordan and Verma
 Modern text book of Zoology-Invertebrates- R. L. Kotpal
 Biology of Animals Vol-1- Ganguly, Sinha, Adhikari
 Zoology for degree students- Dr. V.K. Agarwal
 Modern text book of Zoology-Vertebrates - R. L. Kotpal

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 I SEMESTER PRACTICAL-I (1.8)
BASED ON ANIMAL DIVERSITY
CREDITS 2 -15 UNITS
1. PHYLUM: PROTOZOA
Observation of water samples for the live Protozoan, Study of Amoeba, Euglena, 01 Unit
Plasmodium and Paramecium.

2. PHYLUM: PORIFERA
Sycon, Hyalonema and Euplectella. Slides of T.S and L.S of Sycon.
3. PHYLUM: COELENTERATA 02 Units
Obelia, Physalia, Aurelia, Tubifora and Meandrina or Fungia
Whole mount preparation of coelenterate colony.

4. PHYLUM: PLATY HELMINTHES AND NEMATHELMINTHES

Taenia solium, Male and female Ascaris lumbricoides, T.S of male and female Ascaris.
5. PHYLUM: ANNELIDA. 02 Units
Aphrodite, Neries and Leech
6. PHYLUM: ARTHROPODA
Palaeomon, Limulus, Centipede, Millepede, Spider, Apis and Stick insect
7. PHYLUM: MOLLUSCA 02 Units
Chiton, Mytilus,Octopus, Shells of Dentalium, Pila, Sepia
8. PHYLUM: ECHINODERMATA
Asterias, Ophiura, Sea urchin, Cucumaria, Antedon, Bipinnaria larva,
Echinopluteus larva

9. PROTOCHORDATA AND CYCLOSTOMATA 02 Units

Balanoglossus, Ascidia, Branchiostoma, Petromyzon.
10. PISCES
Pristis, Labeo, Exocoetus, Anguilla.
11. AMPHIBIA 01 Unit
Study of specimen of Ichthyophis, Ureotyphlus, Salamandra, Bufo,Hyla

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12. REPTILIA 02 Units
Chelone, Chameleon, Draco,Viper, Naja, Crocodylus.
13. BIRDS
Sparrow, Pigeon, Parrot, Duck, King Fisher, Hawk
14. MAMMALS 01 Unit
Bat, Funambulus, Loris
15. Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes 02 Units
16. Preparation of animal album containing Photographs, cut outs, with appropriate write up
about the above mentioned taxa. Different taxa/topics may be given to different sets of
students.

(Invertebrates-05, Vertebrates-05)

Note: Charts, Photographs and models can be shown.

I SEMESTER ZOOLOGY

PRACTICAL –I (1.8) BASED ON ANIMAL DIVERSITY

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

Duration: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 50

Q.1. Identify and comment on A to E (5 X 3) =15Marks
(Protozoa to Echinodermata)
Q.2 .Identify and comment on F to H (3 X 3) =09 Marks
(Protochordates to Mammals)
Q.3 .Whole mount preparation of coelenterate colony 06 Marks
Q.4. Identification of poisonous and non-poisonous snakes 05 Marks
Q.4. Submission of Animal album 05 Marks
Q.5. Viva-voce
(Life history of Taenia solium, Sexual dimorphism in Ascaris, Flight adaptations
in Birds and Aerial adaptations in Bat) 05 Marks
Q.6. Class Records 05 Marks

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 II SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
2.7:-PAPER II - COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
OF VERTEBRATES

CREDITS 4 - 60 Hours
Unit I: Integumentary System 04 hrs.
1.1 Integument and its modifications in the chordates- epidermal derivatives 02 hrs.
and dermal derivatives- with reference to glands and digital tips.
1.2 Comparison of integument in Vertebrate series- Pisces (Shark), Amphibia 02 hrs.
(Frog), Reptiles (Lizard), Aves (Pigeon) and Mammals (Rabbit).

Unit II: Skeletal System 03hrs.

2.1 Trace the evolution of visceral arches in the Vertebrate series. 01hrs.
2.2 Comparative account of the Pectoral and Pelvic girdle of Amniotes 02 hrs.
(Amphibian, Bird and Mammal).

Unit III: Digestive System 04hrs.

3.1 Comparative account of the digestive glands in different Vertebrates. 01hrs.
3.2 Comparative account of the alimentary canal in Vertebrate series. 03 hrs.

Unit IV: Respiratory System

4.1 Evolutionary trends in the Respiratory system with reference to modification 04 hrs.
of gills, lungs, air sacs and swim bladder.

Unit V: Circulatory System

5.1 Evolutionary trends in the heart and aortic arches in Vertebrate series. 04 hrs.

Unit VI: Urinogenital System

6.1 Succession of kidney, Evolution of urinogenital duct in vertebrates. 04 hrs.
Unit VII: Nervous System
7.1 Comparative account of brain of Shark, Frog, Lizard, Pigeon and Rabbit. 03 hrs.

Unit VIII: Sense Organs 03 hrs.

8.1 Types of receptors in Vertebrates 01 hr.
8.2 Trace the development of membranous labyrinth in Pisces and Amphibians. 01 hr.
8.3 Evolution of ear ossicles in the Mammals. 01 hr.

Unit IX: Early Embryonic Development 12 hrs.

9.1 Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis with reference to mammals 02 hrs.
9.2 Vitellogenesis in birds 01 hrs.

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9.3 Fertilization – External fertilization (Amphibians), Internal fertilization 02 hrs.
(Mammals)
9.4 Early development of Frog and Chick; - Structure of mature egg 01hrs.
and its membranes.
9.5 Patterns of cleavage, fate map of Frog and Chick. 02 hrs.
9.6 Comparative account of Blastula in Frog and Chick. 01 hrs.
9.7 Gastrulation in Frog and Chick. 02 hrs.
9.8 Neurulation in Frog embryo. 01 hr.

Unit X: Late Embryonic Development 10 hrs.

10.1 Implantation of embryo in Humans. 01 hr.
10.2 Formation of Human placenta and functions. 02 hrs.
10.3 Basic types of placenta- yolk sac placenta, allantois placenta; deciduate 04 hrs.
and non deciduate. Types of placenta on the basis of Histology;
Hormonal control of Implantation.
10.4 Metamorphic events in Frog life cycle. 03 hrs.
Hormonal control of Amphibian metamorphosis.

Unit XI: Control of Development 09 hrs.

Fundamental processes in development - Gene activation, determination, induction,
Differentiation, morphogenesis.

SUGGESTED READINGS
 Kardong, K.V. (2005) Vertebrates’ Comparative Anatomy, Function and Evolution. IV
 Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
 Kent, G.C. and Carr R.K. (2000). Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. IX Edition.
 The McGraw-Hill Companies.
 Hildebrand, M and Gaslow G.E. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure, John Wiley and Sons.
 Walter, H.E. and Sayles, L.P; Biology of Vertebrates, Khosla Publishing House.
 Gilbert, S. F. (2006). Developmental Biology, VIII Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc.,
 Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.
 Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International Thomson Computer
Press.
 Carlson, Bruce M (1996). Patten’s Foundations of Embryology, McGraw Hill, Inc.

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 II SEMESTER PRACTICAL-II (2.8)
BASED ON COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF
VERTEBRATES
(CREDITS 2)
1. Osteology: 04 Units
(a) Skeleton of [Fowl/Pigeon (Bird)] and [Rabbit/Rat (Mammal)].
(b) Carapace and Plastron of Tortoise/ Turtle.
(c) Mammalian Skull:
Herbivorous (Rabbit/ Horse) and Carnivorous (Dog/Cat)

2. Developmental Biology (slides) 02 Units

Permanent slides Frog: Cleavage, Blastula, Gastrula, Neurula, tail bud stage,
tadpole external gill stage, tadpole internal gill stages.

3. Histology:
Permanent Slides of Placenta: 01 Unit
(a) Epithelio-Chorial placenta
(b) Syndesmo- Chorial placenta
(c) Endothelio- Chorial placenta
(d) Haemo- Chorial placenta
(e) Haemo-endothelial placenta

4. Museum specimens of Vertebrate embryos /slides of different stages of Chick 01 Unit

Embryo (18 hrs, 24 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs whole mount stages)

5. Whole mount preparations: Fish scales – Placoid/ Ctenoid/Cycloid Scales 02 Units

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 II SEMESTER ZOOLOGY

PRACTICAL –II (2.8) BASED ON COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF VERTEBRATES

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Duration: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 50
Q 1. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY
a. Compare and Comment on – Skeleton of Bird and Mammal
(any one bone each from I - a). 08 marks
b. Osteology: (from I-b & c any two). (5×2)=10 marks

Q II. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

Identifications: 4 Slides
(Frog 2 Slides; - Placenta 2 Slides from 2 & 3). (4×3)=12 marks
Spotters: (Any two embryos of Vertebrates/Permanent slides any two- from 4).
(2×3)=06marks

Q III. WHOLE MOUNT PREPARATION (Any one). 04 marks

Q IV. VIVA - VOCE (Concern to practical syllabus). 05 marks
Q V. CLASS RECORDS. 05 marks

(Note: Charts, Photo graphs and Models can be shown)

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 III SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
3.7:-PAPER III - PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

CREDITS 4 - 60 Hours
Unit 1: Nerve and Muscle 08hrs
Structure of neuron, resting membrane potential, Graded potential, Origin of Action potential
and its propagation in myelinated and non-myelinated fibers.
Ultra-structure of skeletal muscle, Chemical composition, Physicochemical changes during
muscle contraction, Sliding filament theory
Unit 2: Digestion 05hrs
Control of digestive secretions, Physiology of Absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Common gastrointestinal disorder in man -Ulcer, Cirrhosis, Hepatitis and Endoscopy.

Unit 3: Respiration 05hrs

Pulmonary ventilation, Vital capacity and respiratory volumes, Transport of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in blood. Disorders-Carbon monoxide poisoning and Silicosis.
Unit 4: Excretion 06hrs
Structure of nephron, mechanism of urine formation, counter-current mechanism, Nephritis
and Dialysis.
Unit 5: Cardiovascular system 07hrs
Composition of blood, Hemostasis, Origin and conduction of the cardiac impulse,
Cardiac cycle, Disorders-Thrombosis, Anemia, Leukemia.

Unit 6: Reproduction and Endocrine glands 08hrs

Male reproductive system (Human), hormonal control of spermatogenesis, Female
reproductive system (Human), hormonal control of menstrual cycle.
Microscopic structure and function of pituitary, thyroid, pancreas and adrenal.

Unit 7: Carbohydrate Metabolism 08hrs

Glycolysis: EMP pathway, fate of pyruvic acid in yeast, muscle and lactic acid bacteria Krebs
cycle,
Pentose phosphate pathway: Oxidative and non-oxidative phase
Gluconeogenesis; Path way, regulation and significance
Glycogen metabolism: Glycogenolysis, glycogenesis
Regulation of blood sugar level (Homeostasis), Diabetes mellitus

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Unit 8: Lipid metabolism 04hrs
Biosynthesis and beta oxidation of palmitic acid
Unit 9: Protein metabolism 04hrs
Transamination, Deamination and Urea cycle.
Disorders of Amino acid metabolism-PKU, AKU

Unit 10: Enzymes 05hrs

Introduction, Mechanism of action- lock and key hypothesis, induce fit hypothesis
Enzyme kinetics- Effect on enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, PH, temperature
and on velocity of enzyme catalyzed reaction.
Inhibition- non-competitive and competitive
Regulation- Allosteric or end product (ex-phosphofructo kinase)

SUGGESTED READING
 Tortora, G.J.and Derrickson, B.H. (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology,
XII Edition, john Wiley &Sons, Inc.
 Widmaier,E.P.,Raff H.andStrang,K.T.(2008) Vander’s Human physiology
XI Edition. McGraw Hill
 Guyton, A.C.and Hall, J.E (2011) Text book of medical physiology.XII Edition,
Harcourt Asia Pvt.Ltd/W.B.Saunders Company.
 Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L.and Stryer, L. (2006) Biochemistry.VI Edition.
W.H freeman and CO.
 Nelson.D.L. Cox, m.m.Lehninger, A.L (2009).Principles of Biochemistry.IV Edition.
W.H Freeman and Co.
 Murray,R.K.,Granner,D.K.,Mayes,P.Aand Rodwell, V.W.(2009)
Harper’s lustrated Biochemistry. XXVIII Edition. Lange Medical Book/Mc
Mraw3Hill

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 III SEMESTER PRACTICAL-III (3.8)
BASED ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
CREDITS -2

1. Preparation of hemin and hemochromogen crystals.

2. Study of permanent histological sections of mammalian pituitary, thyroid, pancreas,
Adrenal gland.
3. Study of permanent slides of spinal cord, duodenum, liver, lung, kidney, bone, cartilage.
4. Qualitative tests to identify functional groups of carbohydrates in given solutions
(Glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose)

5. Estimation of total protein in given solutions by Lowry’s method.

6. Study of activity of salivary amylase under optimum conditions.

III SEMESTER ZOOLOGY

PRACTICAL –III (3.8) BASED ON PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Duration: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:50

Q 1.Biochemistry experiment 15 marks

Q 2.Histology (2+3=5slides) (5X5) =25marks
Q 3.Record 05marks
Q 4.Viva (Histological sections) 05marks

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 IV SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
4.7:-PAPER IV - INSECT, VECTORS AND DISEASES

CREDITS- 4, 60 Hours
Unit I: Introduction to Insects 06hrs

Introduction to Entomology, morphology of Head and Eyes of insects, Types of antennae,

trophi of insects Cockroach, Mosquito (male and female), Housefly, Honeybee and Butterfly
with reference to feeding habits.
Unit II: Concept of Vectors 06hrs
Brief introduction of Carrier and Vectors (mechanical and biological vector), Reservoirs,
Host-vector relationship, Adaptations of vectors, Host Specificity.
Unit III: Insects as Vectors 08hrs

General characters and classification of insects up to orders, detailed features of insects, orders
as vectors-Diptera, Siphonaptera, Siphunculata, Hemiptera.

Unit IV: Dipteran as Disease Vectors 24hrs

Dipterans as important insect vectors-Mosquitoes, Sand fly, Houseflies.
Study of mosquito-borne diseases-Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Viral encephalitis,
Filariasis; Control of mosquitoes.
Sand fly-borne diseases - Visceral Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus
fever, Control of Sand fly.
Study of house fly as important mechanical vector and Control of house fly.
Unit IV: Siphonaptera as Disease Vectors 06hrs

Fleas as important insect vectors: Host-specificity, Study of Flea-borne diseases - Plague,

Typhus fever, Control of fleas.

Unit V: Siphunculata as Disease Vectors 04hrs

Human louse (Head and Body louse) as important insect vectors: Study of louse-borne
diseases-Typhus fever, Relapsing fever, Trench fever, Vagabond’s disease, phthiriasis; control
of human louse.
Unit VI: Hemiptera as Disease Vectors 06hrs
Bugs as insect vectors: Blood-sucking bugs, Chagas disease, Bed bugs as mechanical vectors,
Control and prevention measures.

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SUGGESTED READINGS:
 Imms, A.D. (1977). A General Text Book of Entomology. Champan & Hall, UK.
 Chapman, R.R (1998). The Insects: Structure and Function. IV Edition, Cambridge
University Press, UK.
 Pedigo L.P. (2002). Entomology and Pest Management. Prentice Hall Publication.
 Mathews, G. (2011). Integrated Vector Management: Controlling Vectors of Malaria
and Other Insect Vector Borne Diseases. Wiley-Blackwell.

IV SEMESTER PRACTICAL-IV (4.8)

BASED ON INSECT, VECTORS AND DISEASES

CREDITS -2
1. Study of different kinds of mouth parts of insects (Cockroach, Mosquito (male and
female), Housefly, Honeybee and Butterfly).

2. Study of following insect vectors through permanent slides /photographs:

Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Pediculus humanus capitis. Pediculus humanus corporis,
Phithirus pubis. Xenopsylla cheopis, Cimex lectularius, Phlebotomus argentipes,
Musca domestica, through permanent slides/photographs.

3. Study of different diseases transmitted by above Insect vectors.

Submission of a project report on any one of the Insect vectors and Disease transmitted

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 IV SEMESTER ZOOLOGY

PRACTICAL –IV (4.8) BASED ON INSECT, VECTORS AND DISEASES

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Duration: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 50

Q 1. Identify and comment on A and B

(Two insects mouth parts (trophi)-slides/photograph (2x5) = 10 marks
Q 2. Identify, Classify, Comment and diseases transmitted by
Insect vectors any four (4x5) = 20 marks
Q 3. Submission of project report on Insect vectors and Diseases
transmission 10 marks
Q 4 Viva voce (based on complete practical) 05 marks
Q 5 Practical records 05 marks

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 IV SEMESTER ZOOLOGY

4.9- OPEN ELECTIVE PAPER

APICULTURE
(CREDITS 2)
Unit 1: Biology of Bees 04hrs
History, Classification and Biology of Honey Bees
Social Organization of Bee Colony
Unit 2: Rearing of Bees 10hrs

Artificial Bee rearing (Apiary), Beehives-Newton and Langstroth

Bee Pasturage
Selection of Bee species for Apiculture
Bee keeping equipment
Methods of Extraction of Honey (Indigenous and Modern)

Unit 3: Diseases and Enemies 05hrs

Bee Diseases and Enemies

Control and Preventive measures

Unit 4: Bee Economy 02hrs

Products of Apiculture Industry and its Uses (Honey, Bee wax).

Unit 5: Entrepreneurship in Apiculture 04hrs

Bee keeping Industry-Recent efforts, Modern methods in employing artificial Beehives for
cross pollination in horticultural gardens.

SUGGESTED READINGS:
 Prost. P.J. (1962): Apiculture Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.
 Bisht D.S: Apiculture, ICAR Publication.
 Singh S: Beekeeping in India, Indian council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi.

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 V SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
5.7:-PAPER V - GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

CREDITS- 3, 45 Hours
Unit 1: Introduction to genetics 02hrs
Mendel’s work on transmission of traits, Genetic variation, Molecular basis of genetic
information.
Unit 2: Mendelian Genetics and its Extension 08hrs
Principles of inheritance, Chromosome theory of inheritance,
Incomplete dominance and co-dominance,
Multiple alleles-ABO and Rh alleles, Rh incompatibility in humans.
Lethal alleles, Pleiotropy,
Epistasis-Dominant and recessive,
Sex-linked inheritance-Eye colour in Drosophila, Haemophilia, Colour blindness in Man.
Extra-chromosomal inheritance.

Unit 3: Linkage, Crossing over and Chromosomal Mapping 04hrs

Linkage and crossing over, Chromosomal mapping, Somatic cell genetics and its applications.
Unit 4: Mutations 05hrs
Chromosomal Mutations: Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, Translocation, Aneuploidy and
Polyploidy
Gene mutations: Induced versus Spontaneous mutations, Back versus Suppressor mutations.

Unit 5: Sex Determination 04hrs

Chromosomal mechanisms-XX-OX, XX-XY, ZZ-ZW type, genic balance theory of Bridges
Dosage compensation in Man

Unit 6: History of life 03hrs

Major events in History of life: Geological Time Chart-Environmental conditions-Dominant
Fauna and implications.
Unit 7: Introduction to Evolutionary Theories 04hrs
Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism
Unit 8: Direct Evidences of Evolution 04hrs
Types of fossils, dating of fossils (Carbon-14, Potassium-Argon, Uranium-Lead method),
Phylogeny of Horse

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Unit 9: Processes of Evolutionary Change 04hrs
Organic variations: Isolating Mechanism, Natural selection (Examples: Industrial melanism)
Artificial selection

Unit 10: Species Concept 02hrs

Species concept (Advantages and limitations)
Modes of speciation (Allopatric, Sympatric)

Unit 11: Macro- Evolution 02hrs

Macro Evolutionary Principles (example: Darwin’s Finches)
Unit 12: Extinction 03hrs
Mass extinction (Causes, Names of five major extinctions-K-T extinction in brief)
Role of extinction in evolution.

SUGGESTED READINGS
 Gardner, E.J.Simmons, M.J., Snustad, D.P (2008).Principles of Genetics.
VIII Edition. Wiley India
 Snustad, D.P., Simmons, M.J (2009). Principles of Genetics Edition.
John Wiley and sons Inc.
 Klug,W.S.,Cumming,M.R., Spencer,C.A.(2012).Concepts of Genetics
X Edition. Benjamin Cummings.
 Russell, P.J. (2009) Genetics-A Molecular Approach.III Edition. Benjamin
Cumming.
 Griffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C.andCarrol, S.B.
Introduction to Genetic Analysis. IX Edition. W.h.Freeman and Co.
 Ridiey, M. (2004) Evolution.III Edition. Blackwell Publishing
 Barton.N.H. Briggs, D.E.G., Eisen, J.A., Goldstein, D.B.and N.H. (2007).
Evolution. Cold Spring, Harbour Laboratory Press.
 Hall,B.K.and Hallgrimsson,B.(2008) Evolution.IV Edition,Jones and Bartlett
Publishers
 Campbell, N.A.and Reece J.B. (2011) Biology.IX Edition, Pearson, Benjamin,
Cummungs.
 Douglas,J.Futuyma91997)Evolutionary Biology.Sinauer Associates
 Organic Evolution by Veer Bala Rastogi
 Human Genetics by Mange and Manage
 Principles of Genetics by Robert.H.Tamarin, Tata McGraw-Hill pub.
 Genetics by P.K.Gupta.
 Genetics by Veer BAL Rastogi.

21
 V SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
5.8:-PAPER VI - CELL BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

CREDITS- 3, 45 Hours
Unit 1 03hrs
Microscopy: Principles of Light microscope, Magnification and Resolving power, Phase
contrast microscope, Electron microscope.
Centrifuge: Principles, Structure of centrifuge and applications of centrifugation.

Unit: 2 05hrs
Plasma membrane: Fluid mosaic model (Singer and Nicholson 1972), Chemical composition
of plasma membrane.
Cell-Cell interactions: Microvilli, Tight junctions, Desmosomes and Gap junctions.
Functions of Plasma membrane: Exocytosis, Endocytosis, Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis.
Cell organelles: Structure and functions of Centrosome, Mitochondrion, Golgi complex and
Nucleus.

Unit 3 02hrs
Giant chromosomes: Polytene chromosome, Lamp brush chromosome and Super numerary
chromosomes.
Unit 4 02hrs
Parthenogenesis: Natural Parthenogenesis, artificial parthenogenesis and significances.
Unit 5 01hrs
Aging: Causes of aging, changes occurring during aging and Telomere and aging.
Unit 6 01hrs
Stem cells: Types, Properties of stem cells, embryonic stem cells culture and applications of
stem cells.
Unit 7 04hrs
Biology of Cancer: Introduction, Malignant and Non-malignant tumour, Metastasis,
Carcinogen, General properties of cancerous cells, Structural and Metabolic variations of
cancerous cells, Symptoms of cancer, Treatment: Surgical, Chemotherapy and Gene therapy.
Preventive measures of cancer.

22
IMMUNOLOGY:
Unit 1 01hrs
Introduction to Immunology. Applications of immunology in Medicine, Microbiology,
Blood group typing and Tissue organ transplantation.
Unit 2 01hrs
Cells involved in Immune response: Lymphocytes, T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, NK cell, K
cell, Macrophage, Dendritic cells, Eosinophil, Basophil, Neutrophil, Antigen presenting cell
and Mast cell.

Unit 3 02hrs
Antigens: Structure and function of Antigen, types of antigens, exogenous, endogenous,
Thymus independent and Thymus dependent antigen.
Unit 4 01hrs
Immunity: Innate immunity and Acquired immunity.
Unit 5 02hrs
Immune response: Antibody mediated immune response and Cell mediated Immune
response.
Unit 6 02hrs
Lymphoid organs: Primary lymphoid organs (Thymus, Bursa fabricus in birds, Bone
marrow in mammals). Secondary lymphoid organs (Lymph node, Spleen and Tonsils).
Unit 7 02hrs
AIDS: Introduction, Immunological basis of HIV, Mode of infection, preventive measures
and HIV test ELISA.
Unit 8 01hrs
Production of Monoclonal antibodies and applications. Polyclonal antibodies.
Unit 9 02hrs
Transplantation and Plastic surgery: Transplantation, Types of Graft, Brief account of
organ transplantation (Kidney, Heart, Liver, Pancreas, Lung, Skin graft and Bone marrow
transplants). Immunosuppressors, Cornea grafting. Plastic surgery (Cosmetic and
Reconstructive surgery)

23
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Unit: 1 01hrs
Introduction to Animal Biotechnology
Biotechnology and its branches, scope of Biotechnology.

Unit: 2 04hrs

Genetic Engineering: Isolation of desired gene, cloning vector (Plasmid), cloning enzyme
Restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, Construction of rDNA, Transformation of Host cell,
Mass culture in bioreactor, downstream processing.
Brief account of Genomic library and c- DNA library.
Bimolecular methods: Gel electrophoresis, Extraction of DNA from Agarose Gel (Free
squeeze method and Low temperature melting method) Restriction digestion of DNA.
Unit: 3 02hrs
Blotting techniques: Southern, Northern, Western blotting techniques with their
applications.
Unit: 4 03hrs
Transgenic animals: Nuclear transplantation method (Dolly), Micro injection method
(Mice) Embryonic stem cell transplantation (Chimeric mice)
Unit: 5 03hrs
Assisted reproductive Technology: Cryopreservation of semen, AI, GIFT, IVF and ET
Techniques.

References:
Cell biology by: C.B. Power vol and 2
Cell biology by: Tomer.
Cell biology by: Satyesh Chandra Roy and Kalyan Kumar D.E.
Biotechnology: by V.Kumaresan.
Immunology: by Dulsy Fathima and N. Arumugam
Immunology: by Seemi Farhat Basir
Biotechnology: by R.C.Dubey

24
 V SEMESTER PRACTICAL-V (5.9A)
BASED ON GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY

CREDITS -2
1. Study of -Mendelian Inheritance (Mono and Dihybrid crosses) - 4 problems each
Gene interactions (Blood groups, Sex linked inheritance) 4 problems each
2. Buccal smear preparation for sex chromatin
3. Study of Human Karyotypes (normal) and abnormal- (Turner’s, Klinefelter’s, Down; s and
Cri-du-chat syndrome)

4. Study of fossil evidences from plaster cast models and pictures.

(Trilobite, Archaeopteryx, Brontosaurus, Stegosaurus, Plesiosaurus and Woolly mammoth)
5. Study of homology and analogy from suitable specimens /pictures
6. Charts:
a) Phylogeny of Horse with diagrams/cut out of limbs and teeth of Horse ancestors
b) Darwin’s finches with diagrams/cut out of beaks of different species
7. Submission of report on-Evolution of Horse
Evolution of Camel
Evolution of Elephant
Evolution of Man

25
 V SEMESTER PRACTICAL-V (5.9A)
BASED ON GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

DURATION: 3 HOURS MAX.MARKS:50

Q 1.Problem on (Mono, Dihybrid, blood group, sex-linked inheritance) 05marks

Q 2. Buccal smear preparation for sex chromatin 07marks
Q 3. Identify and comment-Human Karyotypes (normal and abnormal) (5x2) =10marks
Q 4.Identify and comment- fossil evidences from plaster cast models and pictures
(Homologous and Analogous organs) (3x2) =06marks
Q 5.Identify and comment- Phylogeny of Horse / limbs and teeth of Horse ancestors.06marks
Q 6.Identify and comment- Darwin’s finches / beaks of different species 06marks
Q 7.Submission of report 05marks
Q 8.Class record 05marks

26
 V SEMESTER PRACTICAL-VI (5.9B)
BASED ON CELL BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

CREDITS -2, 15 Units

1) Cell biology: Preparation of squash of the given material Grasshopper for meiosis and
Onion root tips for mitosis 4Units
(Procedure to be written for squash preparation, Identification and comment on any one of
the observed cell stage)
2) Mounting of Salivary gland chromosome (Drosophila or Chironomous larva) 2Units
3) Study of Cell organelle:
Centrosome, Golgi complex, Nucleus and Endoplasmic reticulum 2 Units
(Photograph or Chart)
4) Immunology: 4 Units
1) Study of Blood cells of human being
2) Study of lymphoid organs: Thymus, spleen, Tonsil and lymph node
and 2 Slides /Photograph)

5) Biotechnology: 3 Units
1) Isolation of Liver parenchyma cells.
2) Gram positive staining and identification of E.coli

27
 V SEMESTER PRACTICAL-VI (5.9B)
BASED ON CELL BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Scheme of Practical examination

Duration 3 Hours Max Marks: 50

1) Cell biology: 10 marks
Preparation of squash of the given material Grasshopper testes for meiosis or Onion root tips
for mitosis
(Procedure to be written for squash preparation, Identification and comment on observed cell
stage)

2) Study of Cell organelle any TWO (Photograph or Chart) (2X5) =10 Marks
3) Immunology: Study of blood cells 05 Marks

Lymphoid organ (any one) 05 Marks

4) Biotechnology any one of the experiments 1 or 2 10 Marks

5) Viva related to practical (Meiosis, Mitosis and Human blood cells) 05 Marks
6) Class records 05 Marks

28
 VI SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
6.7:-PAPER VII - APPLIED ZOOLOGY
CREDITS- 3, 45 Hour

Unit 1: Introduction to Host-parasite Relationship 03hrs

Host, Definitive host, Intermediate host, Parasitism, Symbiosis, Commensalism,

Reservoir, Zoonosis

Unit 2: Epidemiology of Diseases 05hrs

Transmission, Prevention and control of diseases: Tuberculosis, typhoid

Unit 3: Rickettsia and Spirochaetes

06hrs
Brief account of Rickettsia prowazekii, Borrelia recurrentis and Treponema pallidum

Unit 4: Parasitic Protozoa 06hrs

Life history and pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodium vivax and

Trypanosoma gambiense

Unit 5: Parasitic Helminthes 05hrs

Life history and pathogenicity of Ancylostoma duodenale and Wuchereria bancrofti

Unit 6: Insects of Economic Importance 06hrs

Biology, Control and damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera, Pyrilla perpusilla and
Papilio demoleus,, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum

Unit 7: Animal Husbandry 05hrs

Preservation and artificial insemination in cattle; Induction of early

puberty and synchronization of estrus in cattle

Unit 8: Poultry Farming 05hrs

Principles of poultry breeding, Management of breeding stock and broilers,

Processing and preservation of eggs

Unit 9: Fish Technology 04hrs

Induced breeding preservation and processing and transportation of fishes

29
SUGGESTED READINGS
 Park, K. (2007). Preventive and Social Medicine. XVI Edition. B.B Publishers.
 Arora, D. R and Arora, B. (2001). Medical Parasitology. II Edition. CBS
Publications and Distributors.
 Kumar and Corton. Pathological Basis of Diseases.
 Atwal, A . S . (1986). A g r i c u l t u r a l Pests of India and South East Asia, Kalyani
Publishers.
 Dennis, H. (2009). Agricultural Entomology. Timber Press (OR).
 Hafez, E. S. E. (1962). Reproduction in Farm Animals. Lea & Fibiger Publisher
 Dunham R.A. (2004). Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology Genetic Approaches.
CABI publications, U.K.
 Pedigo, L.P. (2002). Entomology and Pest Management, Prentice Hall.

30
 VI SEMESTER ZOOLOGY
6.8:-PAPER VIII - ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND ETHOLOGY
CREDITS- 3, 45 Hours

Unit 1 02hrs
Fundamentals of Ecology
Introduction to Ecology, Sub division of Ecology- Autoecology, Synecology
Scope of Ecology.
Concept of Habitat, Micro habitat, Macro habitat with appropriate examples.
Concept of Ecological niche, Habitat [Spatial] niche, Tropical niche, Hyper volume
[Multi-dimensional niche]

Unit II 04hrs
Abiotic factors
Temperature: Thermal stratification, Range of tolerance, Piokilothermy and
Homeothermy.
Light: Distribution, Ecological effects, Photoperiodism and Bioluminescence.
Water: Structure of water, Sources of water, Classification of animals on the basis of
water requirement-Hydrocoles, Xerocoles and Mesocoles. Properties of water.
Liebig’s Law of Minimum and Shelford’s Law of Tolerance.

Unit III 04hrs

Ecosystem
Structure and function of Pond and Estuarine ecosystem.
Concept of Productivity, Energy flow, Laws of Thermodynamics.
Food chain, Food web, Ecological pyramids and its Significances.

Unit IV 03hrs
Animal relationships
Mutualism, Proto-cooperation and Commensalism.
Antibiosis, Parasitism, Predation and Competition.
Competitive exclusion principle [Gause’s principle].

Unit VI 03hrs
Animal Adaptations
Deep sea adaptation in Fish.
Aerial adaptation in Insects.
Desert adaptation in Camel.

31
Unit VII 02hrs
Population Ecology
Density, Natality, Mortality, Age distribution, Population growth, Dispersal and Biotic
potential
Theories on population- Malthusian theory and Marxian theory.

Unit VIII 04hrs

Environmental pollution
Pollutants, Types of pollutants, Air and Water pollution [Causes, Ecological effects and
Control measures]
Solid waste management, Sources, Types, Effects of solid waste. Management of solid
waste.

Unit IX 03hrs
Toxicology
Introduction, Scope and Basic divisions of Toxicology.
Toxicants, Classification of toxicants [Microbial and animal toxin].
Toxicity, Lethal concentration LC-50.
Toxic effects of heavy metals Lead and Mercury on Human health.

Unit X 03hrs
Current Environmental issues
Ozone layer depletion, Causes, Effects and Control measures.
Greenhouse effect and Greenhouse gases, Causes, Effects and Control measures.
Acid rain, causes effects and control measures.

Unit XI 03hrs
Wild life conservation and Management
Wild life, Aims of wild life conservation, Necessity for conservation, Causes for wild life
depletion, Threatened species, endangered species, Red data book. Major wild life
Sanctuaries and National parks of India, Biosphere reserves.
Major organization involved in wild life conservation.

Unit XII 02hrs

Indian laws on Environment
Environmental protection act 1986, Wild life protection act 1972.

32
ETHOLOGY 12hrs
Unit 1 02hrs
Introduction to Ethology, Branches of Ethology
Historical contributions.
Aims and Objectives.

Unit II 02hrs
Stereotyped behaviour/Innate behaviour
Kinesis, Taxes, Reflexes, Instincts with suitable example.

Unit III 02hrs

Acquired behaviour/Learning behaviour
Imprinting, Habituation and Trail and error and learning with suitable example.

Unit IV 03hrs
Animal Communication
Light, Odour, Signal and Sound with suitable example.

Unit V 03hrs
Social organization in Animals
Termites and Primates (Monkey).

References
1] Fundamentals of Ecology by Eugene. P. Odum
2] Essential Environment by Dr M.K. Goyal.
3] Toxicology by P.D. Sharma.
4] Introduction to Animal behaviour by Manning and M.S. Dawkins
6] Animal Behaviour by Reena Mathur.

33
 VI SEMESTER PRACTICAL-VII (6.9A)
BASED ON APPLIED ZOOLOGY
APPLIED ZOOLOGY

CREDITS 2

Unit I: Study of Plasmodium vivax, Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma

gambiense,
Unit II: Ancylostoma duodenale and Wuchereria bancrofti and their life stages
through permanent slides/photomicrographs or specimens.

Unit III: Identifying feature and economic importance of Helicoverpa (Heliothis)

armigera, Papilio demoleus.

Unit IV: Identifying features of Pyrilla perpusilla, Callosobruchus chinensis, Sitophilus

oryzae and Tribolium castaneum

Unit VI: Maintenance of freshwater aquarium

Unit VI: Submission of project report on poultry farm or animal breeding centre.

34
 VI SEMESTER PRACTICAL-VII (6.9A)
BASED ON APPLIED ZOOLOGY
APPLIED ZOOLOGY

Scheme of Practical Examination

Duration 3 Hours Max Marks: 50

Q 1. Identification of parasites (any six) (6x4) = 24 marks

(3 from Unit I and II, 3 from Unit III and IV)

Q 2. Question an Aquarium ecosystem. 10 marks

Q 3. Project report submission. 06 marks

Q 4. Viva (based on practicals). 05 marks

Q 5. Class record. 05 marks

35
 VI SEMESTER PRACTICAL-VIII (6.9B)
BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND ETHOLOGY
CREDITS- 2, 15 Units

1) Environmental Biology Experiments: 4 Units

Estimation of A] Dissolved Oxygen B] Dissolved Organic Matter
C] Salinity D] Hardness E] Alkalinity F] pH
Note:
 Any 5 Experiments to be performed.
 A to F by Titrimetric method.
 pH, using pH-meter, pH paper.
2) Ecological adaptations [Taxonomy, diagram and comment] 5 Units
 A] Tubiculous worms: Arenicola, Chaetopterus.
 B] Burrowing forms: Dentalium, Balanoglossus and Amphioxus.
 C] Sedentary forms: Sea anemone, Ascidia.
 D] Passive flight adaptation: Exoceteus, Draco and Rhacophours.
 E] Animal association: Colonial forms: Physalia, Honey bees and Termites.
 F] Parasitism: Tapeworm, Sacculina on Crab.
 H] Mimicry Camouflage: Stick insect, Chameleon.
 I] Desert form: Pharynosoma, Camel [Picture or Photograph].

3) Identification of Endangered Species. 2 Units

Taxonomy, diagram and comment. (Any four of the following)
1] Red Panda 2] One horned Rhinoceros 3] Ridely Turtle 4] Monitor Lizard
5] Great Indian Hornbill 6) Salim Ali’s Fruit bat.

4) Ethology: 2 Units
A) Study of Chaemotaxis in third larvae of Drosophila melanogaster to odours. [Fructose,
Yeast and Ethyl acetate]
B) Study of Chaemotaxis in third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster at different
concentration of Ethyl acetate

5) Submission of Project report: 2 Units

1) Rain water harvesting 2) Migration in Salmon and Eel.
3) Visit to Zoo/Sanctuary/ National park (Study tour).
4) Project on Endangered species.
5) Social Organization in Primates.
6) Eco-behavioural adaptations: Deep Sea fishes, Bioluminescence in fishes or any other
animal. Adaptations in Birds, any of the Desert fauna, or any of the Mammalian fauna.

36
 VI SEMESTER PRACTICAL-VIII (6.9B)
BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY AND ETHOLOGY
Scheme of Practical Examination

Duration 3 Hours Max Marks: 50

Q 1) Environmental Biology Experiments
Any one of the Estimations from A to F 14 marks
Q 2) Ecological adaptations: [Taxonomy, Diagram and Comment]
(4 Specimens x 4)= 16marks
Q 3) Identification of Endangered species [Taxonomy, Diagram and Comment]
Any one of the endangered species 05 marks
Q 4) Ethology (One experiment) 05 marks
Q 5) Submission of Project report 05 marks

Q 6) Class records 05 marks

37
 Question Paper Format
For
B.Sc., Course (CBCS) in Zoology of Tumkur University, Tumakuru
B.Sc., I-VI Semester Examination in Zoology
Time Duration: 03 Hours. Total Marks: 90 marks.
(Draw neat labelled diagrams wherever necessary)

I. Answer any Ten from the following: (10x02=20 marks)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

II. Answer any Six from the following: (06x05=30 marks)

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

III. Answer any Four from the following: (04x10=40 marks)

21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
 Question Paper Format
For
B.Sc., Course (CBCS) in Zoology of Tumkur University, Tumakuru
B.Sc., I-VI Semester Internal Test in Zoology

Time Duration: 01 Hour. Total Marks: 45 marks.

(Draw neat labelled diagrams wherever necessary)

I. Answer any Five from the following: (05x02=10 marks)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

II. Answer any Three from the following: (03x05=15 marks)

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

III. Answer any Two from the following: (02x10=20 marks)

13.
14.
15.
16.