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Antenna Types: Leah E. Quirit Mep - Ece Tup - Manila

1) There are many types of antennas that can be classified by frequency and size, directivity, physical construction, or application. 2) Common antenna types include the 1/4 wavelength ground plane antenna, dipole antenna, folded dipole, monopole antenna, loop antenna, turnstile antenna, discone antenna, helical antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna, log-periodic antenna, horn antenna, parabolic dish antenna, biquad antenna, and microstrip/patch antenna. 3) Each antenna type has distinct characteristics that make it suitable for different communication purposes and applications.

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Marvin Sinues
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79 views19 pages

Antenna Types: Leah E. Quirit Mep - Ece Tup - Manila

1) There are many types of antennas that can be classified by frequency and size, directivity, physical construction, or application. 2) Common antenna types include the 1/4 wavelength ground plane antenna, dipole antenna, folded dipole, monopole antenna, loop antenna, turnstile antenna, discone antenna, helical antenna, Yagi-Uda antenna, log-periodic antenna, horn antenna, parabolic dish antenna, biquad antenna, and microstrip/patch antenna. 3) Each antenna type has distinct characteristics that make it suitable for different communication purposes and applications.

Uploaded by

Marvin Sinues
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Antenna

Types
Leah E. Quirit
MEP – EcE
TUP - Manila
Antenna types
A classification of antennas can be based on:
 Frequency and size
 Directivity
omnidirectional
sectorial
directional
 Physical construction
 Application
Antenna types
1/4 wavelength ground plane
o Simple, useful for
communications when size,
cost and ease of
construction are important.
o vertical polarization
o consists of a 1⁄4 wavelength
element as active element
and three or four 1⁄4
wavelength ground
elements bent 30 to 45
degrees down. This set It is a simple and effective
of elements, called radials, antenna that can capture
a signal equally from all
is known as a ground plane.
directions. The gain of this
antenna is in the order of 2
- 4 dBi.
Dipole antenna
 simple, old, widely used
 root of many advance
antennas
• consists of 2 spread
conductors of 2 wire
transmission lines each
conductor is ¼  in length
• total span = ½  + small
½
center gap
¼ ¼

Transmission
Line
gap
Folded Dipole antenna
 basic ½ dipole folded to
form complete circuit
 core to many advanced
antennas
 mechanically more
rugged than dipole
 10% more bandwidth
than dipole
/2
Monopole antenna
 Single pole
 Has the advantage of being
an unbalanced system
because monopoles are
more practically used than
dipoles .
 The radiation pattern of a
monopole is half the
radiation pattern of a dipole
Loop antenna
• Can be circular or square loop
• No radiation is received normal to
the plane of loop and null is
obtained in this direction.
• Application: Used for direction
finding applications
• alternative to monopoles
• very immune to noise
• Sometimes, smaller antennas are
required for certain applications, Antenna
like AM radio receivers Plane
Turnstile antenna
 a set of two dipole antennas
aligned at right angles to each
other and fed 90 degrees out-of-
phase.
 When mounted horizontally the
antenna is nearly omnidirectional
on the horizontal plane.
 When mounted vertically the
antenna is directional to a right
angle to its plane and is circularly
polarized.
 The turnstile antenna is often
used for communication satellites
because, being circularly
polarized, the polarization of the
signal doesn't rotate when the
satellite rotates.

Discone antenna
 characterized by very wide
bandwidth, covering a 10:1
frequency range
 It also has an omnidirectional
pattern in the horizontal plane
and a gain comparable to that
of a dipole
 The feedpoint resistance is
typically 50 ohms
 Typically, the length of the
surface of the cone is about one-
quarter wavelength at the lowest
operating frequency
Helical antenna
 Several types of antennas are
classified as helical
 The antenna in the sketch has its
maximum radiation along its long
axis
 A quarter-wave monopole can
be shortened and wound into a
helix
 used with many handheld
transceivers
Antenna arrays
 Antenna arrays is group of antennas or antenna
elements arranged to provide desired directional
characteristics.

 Generally any combination of elements can form an


array.

 However equal elements of regualar geometry are


usually used.
Yagi - Uda antenna
 It is a directional antenna consisting of a driven
element (typically a dipole or folded dipole) and
additional parasitic elements (usually a so-called
reflector and one or more directors).
 The reflector element is slightly longer (typically 5%
longer) than the driven dipole, whereas the so-called
directors are a little bit shorter.
 The design achieves a very substantial increase in the
antenna's directionality and gain compared to a simple
dipole.
 Light weighted, simple to build, and low cost
Log-periodic antennas
 have moderate gain over a
wide frequency band
 often used in spectrum
analysers for testing
purposes and are also
popular as TV receiving
antennas since they can
efficiently cover from
channel 2 up to channel
14.
 These antennas are used in
White space devices that
require the ability to work in
widely different channels.
Horn antenna
 characteristic is flared
appearance
 The flared portion can be
square, rectangular,
cylindrical or conical.
 The direction of maximum
radiation corresponds
with the axis of the horn.
 commonly used as the
active element in a dish
antenna
Parabolic Dish
 most common type
of directive antennas
when a high gain is
required.
 The main advantage is
that they can be made to
have gain and directivity
as large as required.
 The main disadvantage is
that big dishes are difficult
to mount and are likely to
have a large wind load
BiQuad antenna
 Simple, offers good directivity and
gain for Point-to-Point
communications.
 It consists of a two squares of the
same size of 1⁄4 wavelength as a
radiating element and of a metallic
plate or grid as reflector.
 This antenna has a beamwidth of
about 70 degrees and a gain in the
order of 10-12 dBi.
 It can be used as stand-alone
antenna or as feeder for a Parabolic
Dish.
 The polarization is such that looking at
the antenna from the front, if the
squares are placed side by side the
polarization is vertical.
Microstrip / patch antenna
 High accuracy in manufacturing ,
the design is executed by Photo
etching
 Easy to integrate with other devices
 can obtain high directivity using
microstrip arrays
 Have a main radiating edge , this
makes it useful for mobile Phones to
avoid radiation inside the device
 Small sized applicable for handheld
portable communication
 Smart antennas when combined
with phase shifters

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