Problem 2.

28 [Difficulty: 4]

Given: Velocity field

Find: Plot of streakline for t = 0 to 3 s at point (1,1); compare to streamlines through same point at the instants t = 0, 1
and 2 s
Solution:
dx dy v dy
Governing equations: For pathlines up = vp = For streamlines =
dt dt u dx

Following the discussion leading up to Eq. 2.10, we first find equations for the pathlines in form

(
x p( t) = x t , x 0 , y 0 , t0 ) and (
y p( t) = y t , x 0 , y 0 , t0 )

( ) (
x st t0 = x t , x 0 , y 0 , t0 ) and ( ) (
y st t0 = y t , x 0 , y 0 , t0 )
which gives the streakline at t, where x 0, y 0 is the point at which dye is released (t0 is varied from 0 to t)

Assumption: 2D flow

dx 1 1 dy 1
For pathlines up = = B⋅ x ⋅ ( 1 + A⋅ t) A = 0.5 B = 1 vp = = C⋅ y C = 1
dt s s dt s

dx dy
So, separating variables = B⋅ ( 1 + A⋅ t) ⋅ dt = C⋅ dt
x y
⎛⎜ t − t0 ⎞
2 2
⎛ x ⎞
ln⎛⎜ ⎞ = C⋅ t − t
( 0)
y
Integrating ln⎜ = B⋅ ⎜ t − t0 + A⋅
⎝ ⎠
x0 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ y0
⎠
⎛⎜ t − t0 ⎞
2 2

B⋅ ⎜t− t0+ A⋅ ( )
C⋅ t− t0
x = x0⋅ e ⎝
2 ⎠ y = y0⋅ e

⎛⎜ t − t0 ⎞
2 2

The pathlines are

B⋅ ⎜t− t0+ A ⋅
x p( t) = x 0⋅ e ⎝
2 ⎠
y p( t) = y 0⋅ e
( )
C⋅ t− t0

where x 0, y 0 is the position of the particle at t = t0. Re-interpreting the results as streaklines:

⎛⎜ t − t0 ⎞
2 2

B⋅ ⎜t− t0+ A⋅
x st( t0 ) = x 0 ⋅ e ⎝
2 ⎠ ( )
C⋅ t− t0
The streaklines are then ( )
y st t0 = y 0 ⋅ e

where x 0, y 0 is the point at which dye is released (t0 is varied from 0 to t)

 v dy C⋅ y
For streamlines = =
u dx B⋅ x ⋅ ( 1 + A⋅ t)

dy C dx
So, separating variables ( 1 + A⋅ t) ⋅ = ⋅ which we can integrate for any given t (t is treated as a constant)
y B x

C
Integrating ( 1 + A⋅ t) ⋅ ln( y ) = ⋅ ln( x ) + const
B
C
1+ A ⋅ t B
The solution is y = const ⋅ x

2 1
3 2
For particles at (1,1) at t = 0, 1, and 2s y=x y=x y=x

Streamline and Pathline Plots

10
Streamline (t=0)
Streamline (t=1)
Streamline (t=2)
Streakline
8

6
y (m)

0 2 4 6 8 10

x (m)