Problem 3.

37 [Difficulty: 4]

Given: Sealed tank is partially filled with water. Water drains slowly from the
tank until the system attains equilibrium. U-tube manometer is connected
to the tank as shown. (Meriam blue in manometer)

L = 3⋅ m D1 = 2.5⋅ m D2 = 0.7⋅ m d = 0.2⋅ m SGoil = 1.75 (From Table A.2, App. A)

Find: The manometer deflection, l, under equilibrium conditions

Solution: We will apply the hydrostatics equations to this system.

Governing Equations: dp
= ρ⋅ g (Hydrostatic Pressure - h is positive downwards)
dh

p ⋅ V = M⋅ R⋅ T (Ideal gas equation of state)

ρ = SG⋅ ρwater (Definition of Specific Gravity)

Assumptions: (1) Static liquid

(2) Incompressible liquid patm
(3) Air in tank behaves ideally p0
Integrating the hydrostatic pressure equation we get:
L
Δp = ρ⋅ g⋅ Δh D1 d
H
l
To determine the surface pressure po D2 c
under equilibrium conditions
we assume that the air expands at constant temperature: d

pa⋅ Va
=
M⋅ R⋅ Ta
Thus, po =
Va
⋅ pa =
(
L − D1 ⋅ A
⋅p
)
po⋅ Vo M⋅ R⋅ To Vo ( L − H) ⋅ A a

Simplifying: po =
L − D1( ⋅p
) Now under equilibrium conditions: po + ρwater⋅ g⋅ H = pa Combining these expressions:
( L − H) a

( L − D 1) ⋅ p
( )
2
( L − H) a + ρwater⋅ g⋅ H = pa Upon rearranging: ρwater⋅ g⋅ H − pa + ρwater⋅ g⋅ L ⋅ H + D1⋅ pa = 0

Now we apply the quadratic formula to solve for H:

 kg m 3 Pa
a = ρwater⋅ g a = 999⋅ × 9.81⋅ a = 9.8 × 10 ⋅
3 2 m
m s

⎛ × 9.81⋅ × 3⋅ m⎟⎞
( )
5 N kg m 5
b = − pa + ρwater⋅ g⋅ L b = −⎜ 1.013 × 10 ⋅ + 999⋅ b = −1.307 × 10 Pa
2 3 2
⎝ m m s ⎠
5 N 5
c = D1⋅ pa c = 2.5⋅ m × 1.013 × 10 ⋅ c = 2.532 × 10 ⋅ Pa⋅ m
2
m

2 (
− −1.307 × 10 ⋅ Pa +
5 ) (−1.307 × 105⋅ Pa)2 − 4 × 9.8 × 103⋅ Pa × 2.532 × 105⋅ Pa⋅ m
−b + b − 4⋅ a⋅ c m
Hupper = Hupper =
2⋅ a 3 Pa
2 × 9.8 × 10 ⋅
m

Hupper = 10.985 m

2 (
− −1.307 × 10 ⋅ Pa −
5 ) (−1.307 × 105⋅ Pa)2 − 4 × 9.8 × 103⋅ Pa × 2.532 × 105⋅ Pa⋅ m
−b − b − 4⋅ a⋅ c m
Hlower = Hlower =
2⋅ a 3 Pa
2 × 9.8 × 10 ⋅
m

Hlower = 2.352 m

Since H can not be greater than 3 m (otherwise the tank would overflow!), we must select the lower value for H: H = 2.352 m

( 3⋅ m − 2.5⋅ m) 5 4
Solving for the pressure inside the tank: po = × 1.013 × 10 ⋅ Pa po = 7.816 × 10 Pa
( 3⋅ m − 2.352⋅ m)

po + ρwater⋅ g⋅ ⎛⎜ H − D2 + d − ⎟ + ρoil⋅ g⋅ l = pa
l⎞
Applying the hydrostatic pressure equation to the manometer:
⎝ 2⎠

⎛ pa − po ⎞ 1
Solving for the manometer deflection: l=⎜ − H + D2 − d⎟ ⋅
⎝ ρwater⋅ g ⎠ SGoil − 1
2

⎡ 3 2 ⎤
l = ⎢⎛⎜ 1.013 × 10 ⋅ − 7.816 × 10 ⋅ ⎞⎟ ×
kg⋅ m
− 2.352⋅ m + 0.7⋅ m − 0.2⋅ m⎥ ⋅
5 N 4 N 1 m 1 s 1
⋅ × ⋅ ×
⎢ 2 2 999 kg 9.81 m 2 ⎥ 1 l = 0.407 m
⎣⎝ m m ⎠ N⋅ s ⎦ 1.75 −
2