International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 3 Issue 5, August 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Arduino Based Scientific Calculator

Ma Hnin Yu Myaing1, Ma Naing2
1Lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar
2Lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological University, Magway, Myanmar

How to cite this paper: Ma Hnin Yu ABSTRACT

Myaing | Ma Naing "Arduino Based This paper describes the implementation of electronic scientific calculator
Scientific Calculator" Published in using Arduino. The mathematical process for scientific calculation processes
International are based on the digital electronic technology. The calculator takes input from
Journal of Trend in a user in real-time via a keypad and displays output on a LCD display module.
Scientific Research The control, arithmetic algorithm and calculation functions are performed
and Development using a Arduino Mega 2560. The prototype of the system is configured and the
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- simulation results for basic mathematical functions and some scientific
6470, Volume-3 | functions of calculator are expressed with the help of Proteus simulation
Issue-5, August IJTSRD26395 software. And then the experimental results are tested with the constructed
2019, pp.514-518, calculator circuit.
https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd26395

Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and KEYWORDS: Arduino Mega, LCD, Keypad, Proteus, C Programming
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development Journal. This I. INTRODUCTION
is an Open Access article distributed Scientific calculators all use the same order for carrying out mathematical
under the terms of operations. This order is not necessarily the same as just reading a calculation
the Creative from left to right. The rules for carrying out mathematical calculations specify
Commons Attribution the priority and so the order in which a calculation should be done – scientific
License (CC BY 4.0) calculators follow the same order. This order is sometimes abbreviated by
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by terms such as BODMAS and BIDMAS to help students remember the order of
/4.0) doing calculations.

Brackets (all calculations within bracket are done first) control and arithmetic algorithm is performed using Arduino

Operations (eg. squaring, square rooting, sin, cosine) Software. A high level block diagram of the hardware

Division and Multiplication implementation is shown Figure1.

Addition and Subtraction
Being aware of this order is necessary in order to use a
scientific calculator properly. This order should always be Power Supply Arduino Mega 2560 16x2 LCD
used in all mathematical calculations whether using a
calculator or not. The calculator is an extension of a
mathematician and it has opened up new possibilities within
mathematics. It is a machine though, and it is only capable of
doing what it is programmed to do. Accordingly, this work
aims to develop the internal programmed computational
code in the form of a computer program that a scientific
calculator could use to compute functions such as square 4x5 Keypad
root, sine function and cosine functions. The idea of this
project is to develop the basic addition, subtraction, Figure1. Block Diagram of the Hardware Implementation
multiplication, division and integer splicing functions. Then
using these basic functions, the program will then compute
I2C LCD display
other more complicated functions Arduino software found 5V
on a typical scientific calculator such as the sine and VCC
SDA SCL GND
logarithmic functions. the C programming language is chose
to work. Computing multiplication and division takes SDA
significantly longer time than computing addition and
SCL
subtraction, and therefore should be avoided whenever
possible. Thus throughout the program there are instances Arduino Mega 2560
where addition and subtraction is used to eliminate the need
for multiplication. Another issue is that the program is
constantly rounding numbers and thus losing trailing digits.
II. Hardware Implementation
The calculator takes input from a user in real-time via a
Figure2. The connection of LCD and Arduino Mega
keypad and displays output on LCD display module. The

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26395 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 514
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
III. Overall Circuit Operation
Figure3 shows the overall circuit diagram of the scientific calculator. The system includes Arduino Mega 2560, 4x5 keypad,
16x2 LCD display and other peripheral circuit components. The Arduino Mega is used as arithmetic logic unit and all calculation
function perform. And then the result displays on LCD. Each part of the circuit and their connection to Arduino are described in
below.

Figure3. Overall Circuit Diagram

IV. Flowchart of the System Operation

The basic calculation flowchart of arithmetic operations and all other operations of calculator are carried out can be found in
the following figures. Firstly start the program, define the input/output pins and initialize I2C LCD display. Pin connection
between keypad and Arduino board are described in Figure. The result is evaluated depending on the value stored in Arduino.
If the user press the button number 40, the Arduino knows as addition operation. And then add two operands and display the
result on LCD. Other operations are also evaluated in this manner.
Start

Define I/O

Initialize I2C LCD

Read First
Button

Read
Operation
Button

Read Second
Button

Read Equal
Button

Yes
Addition? Add two number

No Display Result

Yes
Subtract two
Subtraction?
number

Display Result
No

C A

Figure4. Flowchart of Scientific Calculator Program

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26395 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 515
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470

C A

Yes
Multiplication? Multiply two number

No Display Result

Yes
Division? Divide two number

Display Result

No

Yes
Square? Square the number

No Display Result

Yes
Square Root the
Square Root?
number

Display Result
No

C B

Figure5. Flowchart of Scientific Calculator Program

C B

Yes
Take Sine function of the
Sine?
number

No

Display Result

Yes
Take Cosine function of the
Cosine?
number

No

Display Result

Clear LCD

Yes

C Read again?

No

End

Figure6. Flowchart of Scientific Calculator Program

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26395 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 516
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
V. Results
All of first, the calculator circuit is designed and the calculation program is implemented. After that the calculator circuit is
simulated using Proteus software. The schematic diagram of the main components of the calculator including the Arduino
circuit is drawn in the Proteus software and then run the simulator program. A screenshot of the Proteus schematic capture
and interactive simulation test is shown in Figure7and Figure8. After testing the calculator function with the Proteus Software
the small model of the system is configured as shown in Figure9 and Figure10. Basic mathematical functions and some
scientific functions can calculate in this constructed calculator. In this system, basic mathematical functions and scientific
functions can be calculated. These functions are as follows:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
5. Square
6. Square root
7. Sine
8. Cosine

Figure7. Screenshot of the Proteus Schematic Capture

Figure8. Simulation Result of Addition Function

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26395 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 517
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470

Figure9. Photo of the Constructed Calculator Circuit

Figure10. Experimental Result of “Addition” Function

VI. Discussions and through all practical testing, it is found that the
This scientific calculator contains the basic arithmetic calculations that are output are accurate to the two
operations and some scientific functions that can be used significant Figure requirement. It is extremely unlikely for
easily. Scientific calculator all use the same order for any realistic design of a commercial calculator to use a
carrying out mathematical operations. This order is not Arduino Mega Board. The role and operation of Arduino in
necessarily the same as just reading a calculation from left to scientific calculator are explained. This focus on successful
right. There are two types of scientific calculator, the most algorithm implementation that could properly handle all the
recent type being algebraic scientific calculators. Algebraic cases of calculation functions.
scientific calculators allow the users to type in calculations in
VIII. REFERENCES
the order in which they have been written down. Older
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