EIA Report MBS Isd Peshawar Morr NIIA - Compressed

CONSTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ALLIED WORKS
FOR METROBUS SERVICES

PESHAWAR MORR ~ NEW ISLAMABADINTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
(NIIA)
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
March 2017
List of Abbreviations
EIA of Construction of MBS from Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad International Airport
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Description
ALGAS Asia Least Cost Greenhouse Gases

Abatement Strategy
ASTM American Standards for Testing Materials
AKM Avenue Kilometer
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BDL Below Detection Limit
BMPs Best Management Practices
O
C Degree Centigrade
CC Construction Contractor
CDA Capital Development Authority
CDM Cleaner Development Mechanism
CO 2 Carbon Dioxide
CO Carbon Monoxide
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
DB (A) Decibel
DCR District Census Report
DC Design Consultant
DNA Designated National Authority
DO Dissolved Oxygen
EC Environmental Committee
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMMP Environmental Management and
Monitoring Plan
EPA Environment Protection Agency
EPD Environment Protection Department
EPO Environmental Protection Ordinance
EUAD Environmental and Urban Affairs Division
GOP Government of Pakistan
HA High Adverse
HB High Beneficial
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
IUCN International Union for Conservation of
Nature
Km Kilometer
LA Low Adverse
LDCs Less Developed Countries
LGO Local Government Ordinance
MA Medium Adverse
MB Medium Beneficial
MDGs Millennium Development Goals
MTS Metro-bus Transit System
MSL Mean Sea Level
NA Not Applicable
NCS National Conservation Society
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List of Abbreviations
NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards

NESPAK National Engineering Services Pakistan
NEP National Environmental Policy
NHA National Highway Authority
NOC No Objection Certificate
NO x Nitrogen Oxides
NGO Non Governmental Organization
NSL Natural Surface Level
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
PNCS Pakistan National Conservation Strategy
PM Particulate Matter
PMA Punjab Metro Bus Authority
PPC Pakistan Penal Code
RDA Rawalpindi Development Authority
ROW Right of Way
SC Supervision Consultant
SO x Sulfur Oxides
SOP Standards Operating Procedures
TA Technical Assistance
TSS Total Suspended Solids
UC Union Council
USEPA United States Environmental Protection
Agency
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Glossary
GT Road Expressway from Shahdara to Rachna Town
Glossary
Air Quality Sensitive People, property, species or designated sites for nature conservation
Receptors that may be at risk from exposure to air pollutants potentially arising
as a result of a proposed development.
Air Quality Standard Air quality limiting values and objectives.
Anaerobic Absence of oxygen.
Annual Average Average amount of precipitation falling at a specified site recorded by

Rainfall the Meteorological Office. It gives a measure of the overall wetness of
the local climate.
Baseline Existing environmental conditions present on, or near a site, against
which future changes can be measured or predicted.
Bentonite A natural clay that, when mixed with water, swells and forms a
thixotropic gel (a particular type of viscous behaviour exhibited by
some liquids). It can be used temporarily to support trenches or
retaining walls, and helps to prevent collapse when they are being
backfilled (i.e. refilled) or concreted.
Biodiversity The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Climate The climate can be described simply as the ‘average weather’,

typically looked at over a period of 30 years. It can include
temperature, rainfall, snow cover, or any other weather characteristic.
Climate Change A change in the state of the climate, which can be identified by
changes in average climate characteristics that persist for an
extended period - typically decades or
longer.
Cutting A linear excavation of soil or rock to make way for a new railway or
road. Cuttings help reduce the noise and/or visual impact of passing
trains or road vehicles.
Decibel(S) A unit used to express relative differences in sound power or
intensity. There is a million to one ratio in sound pressure (measured
in Pascal (Pa)) between the quietest audible sound and the loudest
tolerable sound. The decibel (dB) scale, based on a logarithmic ratio,
is used in sound measurement because of this wide range. Audibility
of sound covers a range of approximately 0-140dB.
Dust All airborne particulate matter.
Earthworks The removal or placement of soils and rocks such as in cuttings,

embankments and environmental mitigation, including the in-situ
improvement of soils/rocks to achieve desired properties.
Ecosystem A biological community of interacting organisms (e.g. plants and
animals) and their environment.
Effect Used throughout this environmental impact assessment report to

refer to the consequence of an impact to the receiving environment
(see also: ‘impact’).
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Glossary
Effluent Liquid waste or sewage.
Embankment Artificially raised ground, commonly made of rock or compacted soil,

on which a new railway or road is constructed.
Environment Agency Government agency established to protect and improve the

environment and contribute to sustainable development.
Responsibilities include: water quality and resources, flooding and
coastal risk management and contaminated land.
Environmental Impact A process of systematically assessing the likely environmental effects
Assessment of proposed development projects. EIA is a legal requirement for
certain public and private projects under PEPA Act 1997.
Environmental Impact A suite of documents, previously referred to as an environmental
Assessment Report statement, produced as part of an environmental impact assessment.
It must include all information that is reasonably required to assess
the likely significant environmental effects of a proposed
development.
Excavated Material Soil, rock and other material that has been removed from the ground
during construction.
Greenhouse Gas A gas such as carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous

oxide, ozone, and water vapor that contributes to the greenhouse
effect by absorbing infrared
radiation.
Groundwater All water that is below the surface of the ground and within the
permanently saturated zone.
Groundwater Body A distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer.
Heavy Metals A loosely defined term which refers to a group of metal and
metalloids, many of which are toxic to some degree.
Impact Used throughout this EIA Report to refer to changes to the

environment that have the potential to occur as a result of the
construction and/or operation of the Proposed Scheme. (See also:
‘effect’.)
Mitigation The measures put forward to prevent, reduce and where possible,
offset any adverse effects on the environment.
Risk Assessment An assessment of the probability of a hazard occurring that could

result in an impact.
Sand Soil particles from 0.06mm-2.0mm in equivalent diameter. Fine sand

particles are from 0.06mm-0.2mm; medium sand from 0.2mm-0.6mm;
and coarse sand from 0.6mm-2.0mm.
Scoping An initial stage in the environmental impact assessment process to
determine the nature and potential scale of environmental effects
arising as a result of a proposed development, and an assessment of
what further studies are required to establish their potential
environmental impacts and effects.
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Glossary
Screening The first stage in an environmental impact assessment. It is used to

determine if further assessment is necessary and to categorize the
project.
Soil Erosion The detachment and movement of soil by the action of water and/or
wind.
Soil Profile A vertical cross-section through a soil.
Surface Water Waters including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, canals, streams, ditches,
coastal waters and estuaries.
Threshold A level of effect above which an assessment will be taken of whether

any changes to procedures need to be made.
Topography The natural or artificial features, level and surface form of the ground
surface.
Topsoil Upper layer of a soil profile, usually darker in color (because of its
higher content of organic matter) and more fertile than subsoil, and
which is a product of natural biological and environmental processes.
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Islamabad being the capital and center of economic activates attracts traffic from all over
the country. Over the years, Rawalpindi and Islamabad have expanded and practically
merged. Volume of traffic commuting between Rawalpindi and Islamabad is huge and
increasing day by day. The available public transport is neither sufficient nor of an
acceptable standard for daily commuters of twin cities. Already constructed routes of
Metro-Bus system have relieved the traffic issues and also have facilitated population of
twin cities with quality, fast and low cost transportation service.
The Punjab Mass-transit Authority (PMA) and Capital Development Authority CDA
conducted a mass transit Network study in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in
2014. Based on that study, the two governments (Federal & Provincial) joined hands to
launch a metro bus project to alleviate the traffic congestion issues and for provision of
efficient transportation system in twin cities.
In the study three (03) MTS scenarios were analyzed by consultant and one option was
approved by the Punjab Mass-transit Authority (PMA) and RDA. In the approved option
four priority lines / routes were established, first line named as Red Line from Flashman
Hotel (Rawalpindi) to Pakistan Secretariat (Islamabad) which has already been
completed and is successfully under operation. The 2nd priority line was named as
Orange Line which is from G.T Road (N-5) to constitution Avenue along Kashmir
Highway.
Now Government of Pakistan through NHA has decided to construct second priority line
partially. Orange Line is now envisaged to start from Peshawar Morr and terminate at
New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA) traversing through Kashmir Highway, Golra
Morr, GT Road Interchange and Motorway Interchange (M1/M2).
Therefore, the existing public transport system requires a major uplift in level of service
and quality. In order to tackle this problem and provide improved quality of public
transport, National Highway Authority (NHA) decided to extend the Metro Bus System
(MBS) in Islamabad.
EIA is mandatory as per Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA), 1997. Section
12 (1) of the PEPA-1997 which states that:
“No proponent of a Project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed
with the Federal Agency an initial environmental examination or, where the Project is
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EPHE Division/NESPAK vi March, 2017
Executive Summary
likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment,

and has obtained from the Federal Agency approval in respect thereof.”
To comply with Pakistan’s Environmental Regulations, NHA has entrusted National

Engineering Services Pakistan (NESPAK) with the assignment of carrying out an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study for the construction of MBS from
Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad International Airport.
The scope of the EIA Study includes environmental assessment of the project including
collection and securitization of data related to physical, biological and socio-economic
environment, assessment of impacts which may be caused by the project activities and
mitigation measures for the abatement of potential environmental impacts along with the
estimated budgeted cost of mitigation.
The methodology adopted to conduct this study was as follows:

• Meetings and discussions were held among the members of the EIA consulting team,
design engineers and proponent. This activity was aimed at achieving a common
ground of understanding of various issues of the study.
• Planning was carried out to assess data requirements and their sources; time
schedules and responsibilities for their collection; logistics and facilitation needs for
the execution of the data acquisition plan.
• Primary and secondary data were gathered through observations during the field
survey, environmental monitoring in the field, concerned departments and published
materials to establish baseline profile for physical, biological and socio-economic
environmental conditions.
• The impacts of the project on the physical, biological and socio-economic
environment prevalent in the project area were visualized at the design, construction
and operational phases.
• The adequate mitigation measures (including structural/non-structural) and
implementation mechanisms were proposed so that the proponent could incorporate
them beforehand in the design phase.
The Government of Pakistan (GOP) has promulgated laws/acts, regulations and standards
for the protection, conservation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment. PEPA-
1997 is the apex law for mandatory EIA before project construction. The Act was
promulgated on December 06, 1997 by repealing the Pakistan Environmental Protection
Ordinance of 1983. Other relevant laws have also been discussed briefly in the report. In
addition, National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQs) are provided for the
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Executive Summary
industrial/vehicular gaseous emissions and noise and for municipal/industrial wastewater

discharges.
The overall objective of this project is to improve the efficiency and performance of the
public transport system in federal capital Islamabad and facilitate the daily commuters up
to NIIA. Metro Bus System (MBS) will also reduce traffic load on adjacent roads
consisting of mixed traffic lanes and arterial roads within the city, alleviate traffic jams
and reduce noise & air pollution.
The project is provision of bus rapid transit system from Peshawar Morr to New
Islamabad International Airport (NIIA). The project length is 25.6 km which is divided into
following five (05) packages:
Package Description Length No. of

(km) Stations
I Peshawar Morr ~ Golra Morr 8 km 5
II Golra Morr ~ G.T Road Interchange 3.8 km 2
G.T Interchange ~ Motorway Interchange

III 8.3 Km 1
IV Motorway Interchange ~ New Islamabad 5.5 Km 1
International Airport (NIIA)
V New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA) - 1

Parking Area
Total Length 25.6 km 10
The alignment initiates from Peshawar Morr (Metro Bus Peshawar Morr Station) and
travels south of Kashmir Highway up to Golra Morr. At Golra Morr, alignment moves to
the center of Kashmir Highway and travel in middle of Kashmir Highway up to G.T
Interchange (M2 link road interchange). From G.T Road Interchange, it covers distance
of 8.3 Km up to Motorway Interchange (M1/M2) following motorway link road. From
Motorway Interchange (M1/M2), it moves up to New Islamabad International Airport
(NIIA). The project length ends at airport entry gate. However after entering airport
boundary, metro bus will travel with mixed traffic instead of separate corridor and
additional 450 m length is considered inside parking periphery of airport facility at parking
bay of New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA). The station facility at new airport may
be accommodated either at level-1 or level-2 as agreed by the CAA.
The project alignment moves at-grade to existing roads. Underpasses and bridge are
provided to pass / cross through existing roads. In this project 10 stations are proposed,
for construction, which equipped with platforms, screen doors, escalators, turn stiles for
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Executive Summary
automatic fare collection and other standard amenities for the passenger convenience.
Four future MBS stations are anticipated in future for which green area is left in the MBS
corridor median. The complete alignment is at grade except at certain crossings, where
alignment underpasses and at railway crossing near Golra Morr, it overpasses. Total
numbers of stations are ten (10). Area is left in MBS corridor median for provision of four
(04) future stations. These stations are connected with pedestrian bridges. Twelve (12)
numbers of additional pedestrian bridges are also being proposed to facilitate the
pedestrian other than stations. Escalators and elevators to facilitate passengers to enter
the stations have been proposed.
Three Alternatives were analysed with respect to environmental impacts which are as
follows:
Alternative – I No Project Option
Alternative – II Construction of MBS from Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad
International Airport
Alternative – III Addition of Separate Bus Lane
Alternative II is the most feasible option as it provides safe, efficient and reliable mode of
public transport with low cost. It will have least environmental pollution in the long run.
The existing environment in and around the project area has been studied with respect
to the physical, biological and socio-economic conditions.
The baseline conditions were studied with respect to physical, biological and socio-
economic environment. The physical environment includes topography, geology and
soils, climate, hydrology and drainage, land use, surface water and quality, groundwater
and quality, ambient air quality, noise levels, floods and seismicity.
The climate of the project area is hot in summer and moderate in winter. The coldest
month is December and the hottest is June. Flood discharges have also been reported at
various locations along the Nullah Lai. According to the Seismic Zoning Map (prepared
by Pakistan Meteorological Department), the proposed Project falls in Zone 2B
(Moderate), where 2B represents peak horizontal ground acceleration from 0.16 to 0.24
g.
A total of 960 trees will be affected by the project activities. The faunal species
noticed/reported in the Project Area include mammals (dogs, cats, pigs etc.), mongoose,
squirrel, amphibians (frog, toad, turtle etc.), reptiles (small and medium sized lizards,
snakes etc.), house sparrows, house crow, etc. However, no endangered species,
agriculture and horticulture are found in the project area.
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Executive Summary
The aspects covered under socio-economic environment of the Project Area include
population and communities, population size, growth and distribution, races and tribes,
mother tongue, occupations, health care facilities, educational facilities, physical and
cultural heritage (shrine, mosque, graveyard), recreational sites, respondent’s age group,
marital status, family system etc.
The proposed project will have both positive and negative impacts during the
construction and operational phases, for which proper mitigation measures are
necessary. During the field survey, significant efforts were made to identify the main
social, cultural and environmental issues related to the project. Various government
departments and agencies along with area residents/ stakeholders were contacted for
obtaining salient information. Most of the perceived impacts are during construction
phase. Following is the list of main concerns identified in the study:
 Disturbance to the public movement during construction;

 Excavation and vibrations due to construction machinery may affect the structure
stability of the buildings during construction.
 Disturbance in the daily routine activities of locals and the people visiting
educational facilities, like; i.e. NUST, FAST & International Islamic University and
Al-Huda etc. during construction;
 Air and noise pollution due to the operation of construction machinery during
construction phase of the project;
 Solid waste generation during construction and operation;
 Generation of municipal waste water and wastewater from construction activities;
 Accidental leaks/spills of hazardous chemicals from construction activities and
machinery;
 Health and safety issues of the workers;
 Contamination of water body by construction activities;
 Removal of vegetation;
 Visual impact in cause of fenced dedicated MBS lane;
 Trash pooling resulting from improper drainage system and consequent
Inconvenience to the public;
 Extraction of water
 Land Acquisition and Resettlement; and
 Relocation of public utilities.
On the positive side, the proposed project is expected to improve public transport facility
with dedicated lanes reducing accidents, consumption of time and fuel. The project will
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Executive Summary
generate new opportunities for skilled/unskilled manpower. Recommended mitigation

measures to contain potential adverse impacts are described in the Environmental
Management and Monitoring Plan. EMMP shall be strictly enforced during the
implementation of the proposed Project. The total environmental cost has been worked
out to be 10 Million which is part of PC-1 which includes environmental monitoring cost
and miscellaneous items cost. Tree plantation cost has been worked out to be Rs.
1,87,51,000/- while there is a provision of Rs. 141,294,240/- (i.e. 1% of total cost) in the
PC-1.
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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION Page
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Need and Purpose 1-1
1.2 Study Objectives 1-2
1.3 Need for EIA Study of the Proposed Project 1-2
1.4 The Proponent and Consultant 1-2
1.5 Study Team 1-3
1.6 Study Approach & Methodology 1-3
1.6.1 Study Approach 1-3
1.6.2 Methodology 1-3
1.7 Structure of the Report 1-7
SECTION 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS
2.1 National Policy and Legal Framework 2-1

2.2 Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA 2-1
2.3 Regulatory Clearances, Punjab EPA 2-2
2.4 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA 2-2
2.5 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000 2-2
2.5.1 Air Quality Standards 2-3
2.5.2 Noise Quality Standards 2-4
2.5.3 Drinking Water Quality Standards 2-5
2.5.4 Effluent Standards 2-6
2.6 Occupational Health 2-8
2.7 Toxic or Hazardous Waste 2-8
2.8 Administrative Framework 2-8
2.8.1 National Highways Authority (NHA) 2-8
2.8.2 Federal Environmental Protection Agency 2-8
2.8.3 Rules of Business for District Environment Office under Punjab LGO, 2001 2-9
2.7 Other Environment Related Legislations 2-9
SECTION 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
3.1 Rationale of the project 3-1

3.2 Objectives of the Proposed Project 3-2
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3.3 Location of the Project 3-2

3.4 Packages of MBS 3-2
3.5 Geometric Design of the Proposed Project 3-3
3.6 Project Administrative Jurisdiction 3-7
3.7 Project Implementation Schedule 3-7
3.8 Cost Of the Project 3-7
3.9 Land Acquisition 3-7
3.10 Proposed Alternatives 3-7
3.11 Selected Options 3-9
3.12 Construction Materials 3-9
3.13 Construction Camps 3-10
3.14 Manpower Requirements 3-10
3.15 Water Requirement 3-10
3.16 Waste Generation 3-10
3.17 Construction Equipment 3-10
SECTION 4: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE PROFILE
4.1 Physical Environment 4-1

4.1.1 Topography 4-1
4.1.2 Regional Geology & Soil 4-2
4.1.3 Climate & Meteorology 4-4
4.1.4 Hydrology & Drainage 4-7
4.1.5 Natural Hazard Vulnerability 4-8
4.1.6 Surface Water Quality 4-12
4.1.7 Ground Water Quality 4-14
4.1.8 Ambient Air Quality 4-16
4.1.9 Noise Level 4-16
4.1.10 Land use Pattern 4-17
4.2 Ecological Resources 4-17
4.2.1 Flora 4-17
4.2.2 Fauna 4-22
4.3 Social Environment 4-25
4.3.1 Political and Administrative Setup 4-26
4.3.2 Demographic Characteristics of the Project Area 4-26
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4.4 Economic Conditions 4-28

4.5 Communication 4-29
4.6 Educational Facilities 4-29
4.7 Health Facility 4-29
4.8 Archeological and Cultural Property/ Places of Interest 4-29
4.9 Impact Assessment Survey of the Project Area 4-30
4.10 Survey Findings 4-30
4.10.1 Demographic Characteristics 4-30
4.10.2 Socio-Economic Characteristic 4-37
4.10.3 Civic Amenities 4-40
4.10.4 Social Institution 4-45
4.10.5 Cultural Characteristics 4-48
4.10.6 Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts 4-51
SECTION 5: STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
5.1 Scope of Application 5-1

5.2 Stakeholder’s Concerns and Priorities 5-3
5.3 Concerns Raised during Interview Survey 5-7
5.4 Information Disclosure 5-12
5.5 Engagement during Project Implementation 5-12
5.5 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) 5-12
5.5.1 Composition of GRC 5-13
5.5.2 Responsibilities of GRC 5-14
5.5.3 Procedures of Filing Complaints and Resolution 5-15
5.6 Type of Grievance 5-16
SECTION 6: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
6.1 Environmental Impact Matrices 6-1

6.2 Significance Rating 6-1
6.3 Anticipated Impacts during Planning/Design Phase 6-2
6.3.1 Design & Layout Planning 6-2

6.3.2 Topography 6-2
6.3.3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement 6-3
6.3.4 Social Issues 6-3
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6.3.5 Ecological Impacts 6-4

6.3.6 Air Quality and Noise 6-4
6.3.7 Public Utilities 6-4
6.3.8 Seismic Hazard 6-4
6.3.9 Resource Conservation 6-5
6.3.10 Visual impact 6-5
6.3.11 Drainage 6-6
6.4 Anticipated Impacts during Construction Phase 6-6
6.4.1 Soil 6-6
6.4.2 Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Compensation 6-8
6.4.3 Construction Camps/Camp Sites 6-9
6.4.4 Health & Safety 6-9
6.4.5 Air Quality 6-12
6.4.6 Noise and Vibrations 6-14
6.4.7 Solid Waste 6-16
6.4.8 Surface and Groundwater 6-17

6.4.9 Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resources 6-18
6.4.10 Disposal of Mucking Material 6-19
6.4.11 Disruption of Existing Public Utilities/ Infrastructure 6-20
6.4.12 Traffic Management 6-20
6.4.13 Economic Activity 6-21
6.4.14 Lifestyle and Culture 6-21
6.4.15 Impacts of Heavy Vehicles on the Existing Road Network & Sensitive Receptors 6-21
6.4.16 Possibility of Finding the Artifacts 6-22
6.5 Anticipated Impacts during Operational Phase 6-24
6.5.1 Ecology 6 -22
6.5.2 Surface and Groundwater 6-23
6.5.3 Air Quality 6-23
6.5.4 Noise 6-23
6.5.5 Solid Waste 6-23
6.4.6 Reduction in Travel Times 6-24
6.4.7 Drainage 6-24
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SECTION 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN

7.1 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) 7-1
7.2 Implementation of Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) 7-1
7.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the Functionaries involved in EMMP 7-2
Implementation
7.3 Reporting Mechanism 7-3
7.4 Non-Compliance of the EMMP 7-3
7.5 Environmental Monitoring 7-27
7.5.1 Construction Phase 7-27
7.5.2 Operational Phase 7-27
7.5.3 Responsibilities for Monitoring and Reporting 7-28
7.6 Plantation 7-30
7.7 Environmental Technical Assistance and Training Plan 7-33
7.8 Environmental Monitoring, Mitigation and Training Cost 7-34
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards
Table 2.2 Noise Quality Standards

Table 2.3
Drinking Water Quality Standards
Table 2.4 National Standards for Discharge of Municipal Effluents into Inland Waters and
Sewage Treatment
Table 2.5
Environmental Legislations
Table 3.1 Comparison of the Different Alternatives
Table 3.2 Machinery and Equipment Requirement for the Proposed Project
Table 4.1 One Day Maximum Annual Rainfall

Table: 4.2 Month-wise Temperature, Precipitation and Relative Humidity
Table 4.3 Flood Discharge (in cusec) at Various Locations along Nullah Lai
Table 4.4 Surface Water Quality Monitoring (March, 2017)
Table 4.5 Groundwater Quality Monitoring (March, 2017)
Table 4.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (March 2017)
Table 4.7 Noise Levels Measurement (March, 2017)
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Table 4.8 Types of Trees Raised Along the Alignment

Table 4.9 Description of Trees in Package-I
Table 4.10 Description of Trees in Package-II
Table 4.11 Details of Shrubs and Herbs found in Study Area
Table 4.12 Details of Grasses found in the Study Area
Table 4.13 List of Mammals
Table 4.14 List of Reptiles
Table 4.15 Birds Found in the Study Area
Table 4.16 Gender Ratio of the Respondents
Table 4.17 Age Composition of the Respondents
Table 4.18 Educational Level of the Respondents.
Table 4.19 Marital Status of the Respondents
Table 4.20 Occupations of the Respondents
Table 4.21 Religion of Respondents
Table 4.22 Ethnic Structure
Table 4.23 Languages spoken in Project Area
Table 4.24 Family Structure
Table 4.25 Average Working Hours of the Respondents
Table 4.26 Average Monthly Income of the Respondents
Table 4.27 Average Monthly Expenditures of the Respondents
Table 4.28 Housing Ownership Status
Table 4.29 Type of the Construction of Houses

Table 4.30 Sources of Domestic Water
Table 4.31 Quality of Water
Table 4.32 Availability of Basic Amenities
Table 4.33 Landholding Status
Table 4.34 Source of Water for Agriculture Use
Table 4.35 Source of Energy for Cooking and Lighting

Table 4.36 Availability of Educational Institutes:
Table 4.37 Availability of Health Institutes
Table 4.38 Common Diseases in Project Area
Table 4.39 Available NGOs in Project Area
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Table 4.40 Mode of Transport in the Project Area

Table 4.41 Reasons for travelling the Current Location
Table 4.42 Awareness about the Project
Table 4.43 Acceptability of the Proposed Project
Table 4.44
Perceived Impacts
Table 4.45 Protective Measures Suggested by the Respondents
Table 4.46 Pressing Needs Of the Area
Table 4.47 Indigenous Community In The Project Area
Table 5.1 Stakeholders Contacted in the Project Area
Table 5.2 Schedule and Implementation of SEP

Table 6.1 Environmental Impacts Matrix for the Construction Phase
Table 6.2 Environmental Impacts Matrix for the Operational Phase
Table 6.3 Damage Risk Criteria for Hearing Loss
Table 7.1 Environmental Management Plan
Table 7.2 Budget Estimate for Environmental Monitoring During the Construction and
Operation Phases
Table 7.3 Trees to be planted during Operation along Kashmir Highway in Outer Most
Row
Table 7.4 Trees to be planted along 2nd Row

Table 7.5 Shrubs to be planted along Inner Most line or Median Line
Table 7.6 Tentative Cost o Equipment
Table 7.7 Estimated Cost of Plantation of 250 Plants for First Year
Table 7.8 Estimated Cost of Plantation of 20% (50) plants and maintenance for Second
Year
Table 7.9 Estimated Cost of Plantation of 20% (50) plants and maintenance for Third Year
Table 7.10 Estimated Cost for maintaining 250 plants for Fourth Year
Table 7.11 Personnel Training Program/ TA Services
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
EPHE Division/NESPAK xix March, 2017
Table of Contents
List of Figure’s
Figure 3.1 Location of the Project Area
Figure 3.2 Alignment of Proposed MBS
Figure 4.1 Topography of the Study Area
Figure 4.2 Soil Map of the Study area
Figure 4.3 Relative Humidity in the Study Area (1998)

Figure 4.4 Average Rainfall in the Project Area (1998)
Figure 4.5 Lai Nullah Watershed in Rawalpindi-Islamabad Conurbation
Figure 4.6 Seismic Zoning Map of Punjab

Figure 4.7 Gender Ratio of the Respondents
Figure 4.8 Age Composition of the Respondents
Figure 4.9 Educational Level of the Respondents
Figure 4.10 Marital status of the Respondents
Figure 4.11 Occupational Distribution of the Respondents
Figure 4.12 Graphical View of Religion of Respondents
Figure 4.13 Graphical View of Ethnic Structure of Respondents
Figure 4.14 Graphical View of Languages Spoken by Respondents
Figure 4.15 Graphical View of Family System of Respondents
Figure 4.16 Average Working Hours of the Respondents

Figure 4.17 Average Monthly Income of Various Respondents
Figure 4.18 Graphical View of Monthly Expenditures of Various Respondents
Figure 4.19 Graphical view about Ownership Status of Respondents
Figure 4.20 Graphical View of Type of House of Respondents
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
EPHE Division/NESPAK xx March, 2017
Table of Contents
Figure 4.21 Different Sources of Water Supply in the Project Area

Figure 4.22 Level of Satisfaction of Domestic water Supply
Figure 4.23 Graphical view of Basic Amenities in the Project Area
Figure 4.24 Graphical view of Landholding in the Project Area
Figure 4.25 Graphical view of Sources for Irrigation
Figure 4.26 Graphical view of Energy Sources for Cooking and Lighting
Figure 4.27 Graphical View of Availability of Education Facility to Respondents
Figure 4.28 Graphical View of Availability of Health Facility to Respondents
Figure 4.29 Graphical view of Common Diseases in Project Area
Figure 4.30 Graphical view of NGOs in Project Area
Figure 4.31 Graphical view of mode of transport in Project Area
Figure 4.32 Graphical view about awareness of the Project
Figure 4.33 Perceived Frequency of Project Acceptability by Respondents
Figure 4.34 Perceived Impacts by Respondents

Figure 4.35 Protective Measures Suggested by the Respondents
Figure 4.36 Depicts the Graphical Representation of Pressing Need of Project Area
Figure 4.37 Graphical View of Indigenous Community in Project Area
Figure 5.1 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
Figure 6.1 Sensitive Receptors Map
Figure 7.1 Organizational Setup for implementation of EMMP
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
EPHE Division/NESPAK xxi March, 2017
Section 1 Introduction
EIA of Construction of MBS from Peshawar Morrto New Islamabad International Airport
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Need and Purpose

Metro Bus system (MBS) is an effective and rapid mode of transportation. It provides
high quality transportation service and a low cost rail like system for efficient and quick
movement of people.
Islamabad being the capital and center of economic activates attracts traffic from all over
the country. Over the years, Rawalpindi and Islamabad have expanded and practically
merged. Volume of traffic commuting between Rawalpindi and Islamabad is huge and
increasing day by day. The available public transport is neither sufficient nor of an
acceptable standard for daily commuters of twin cities. Already constructed routes of
Metro-Bus system have relieved the traffic issues particularly on Murree road and also
have facilitated population of twin cities with quality, fast and low cost transportation
service.
The Punjab Mass-transit Authority (PMA) and Capital Development Authority CDA
conducted a mass transit Network study in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in
2014. Based on that study, the two governments (Federal & Provincial) joined hands to
launch a metro bus project to alleviate the traffic congestion issues and for provision of
efficient transportation system in twin cities.
In the study three MTS scenarios were analyzed by consultant and one option was
approved by the Punjab Mass-transit Authority (PMA) and RDA. In the approved option
four priority lines / routes were established, first line named as Red Line from Flashman
Hotel (Rawalpindi) toPakistan Secretariat (Islamabad) which has already been
completed and successfully under operation. The 2nd priority line was named as Orange
Line which is from G.T Road (N-5) to constitution Avenue along Kashmir Highway.
Now Government of Pakistan through NHA has decided to construct second priority line
partially. Orange Line is now envisaged to start from Peshawar Morr and terminate at
New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA) traversing through Kashmir Highway, Golra
Morr, GT Road Interchange and Motorway Interchange(M1/M2). This orange line has an
estimated ridership of 115,000 passengers/day in year 2018.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
EPHE Division/NESPAK 1-1 March, 2017
The route serves major universities and residential sectors of CDA like NUST,
International Islamic University Islamabad, Al-Huda and sectors G10, G11, G13, G14,
Chungi # 26, Supreme Court Housing Society, Jammu &Kashmir Society, Top City and
Mumtaz City.
1.2 Study Objectives

The overall objective of EIA is to assess the environmental impacts arising from the
project. The specific objectives of the EIA Study for Metro Bus Service from Peshawar
Morr to NIIAinclude the following:
 Collection and synchronization of data related to physical, biological and socio-
economic environments of the project area and to prepare baseline environmental
profile;
 Identification, prediction and evaluation of environmental impacts of the proposed
Project;
 Implementation of mitigation measures to minimize the adverse impacts; and
 Preparation of an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan.
1.3 Need for EIA Study of the Proposed Project

EIA is mandatory according to thePakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA-1997),
section 12 (1) of which states that:
“No proponent of a project shall commence construction or operation unless he has filed
with the FederalAgency an initial environmental examination or, where the project is
likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment,
and has obtained from the Federal Agency approval in respect thereof.”
According to the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Review of IEE and EIA)
Regulations 2000, the proposed project falls under category D (Transport) of Schedule
II, which requires EIA before commencement of construction.
1.4 The Proponent and Consultant

The proponent of the project is theNational Highway Authority (NHA),Implementing
Agency will be PMA, while the Consultant is NESPAK. The details are given as under:
a) Proponent Contact/Address
National Highways Authority,
27 Mauve Area, G-9/1, Islamabad
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Tel:051-9260565
b) Consultant Contact/Address
National Engineering Services Pakistan Pvt. Ltd. (NESPAK)
EPHE Division, NESPAK House
1-C, Block – N, Model Town Extension, Lahore
Tel: 042-99090000
1.5 Study Team
A multi-disciplinary team was formulated to conduct the study. The team comprises the
following persons.
Muhammad Zubair : Project Advisor/ Quality Assurance Expert
Kashif Bashir : Team Leader
Makhdum Ali : Ecologist
Malik PervaizAkhtar : Senior Sociologist
RamlaSiddique : Senior Environmentalist
ZahidaManzoor : Senior Sociologist
AsifMushtaq : Sociologist
Syed Zeeshan Abbas : Environmental Engineer
Abdul Manan : Chemical Engineer
1.6 Study Approach & Methodology

1.6.1 Study Approach
The study has been conducted in accordance with Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA), Government of Pakistan (GOP) guidelines, 2000. The study is based on both
primary and secondary data and information. Discussions were held with stakeholders
including government officials and community representatives. The main purpose of this
approach was to obtain a fair impression on the people’s perceptions of the project and its
environmental impacts.
1.6.2 Methodology
The following methodology was adopted for carrying out the EIA study:
a) Orientation
Meetings and discussions were held among the members of the EIA Consulting Team.
This activity was aimed at achieving a common ground of understanding various issues
related to the project.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
b) Planning for Data Collection

Subsequent to the concept clarification and understanding obtained in the preceding
step, a detailed data acquisition plan was developed for the internal use of the EIA
Consulting Team. The plan included identification of specific data requirements and their
sources, determined time schedules and responsibilities for their collection, and
indicated the logistics and other supporting needs for the execution of the data
acquisition plan.
c) Data Collection
In this step, primary and secondary data were collected through field observations,
environmental monitoring in the field, concerned departments and published materials to
establish baseline profile for physical, biological and socio-economic environmental
conditions. The following activities were undertaken to gather the required data:
- Site Reconnaissance
- Analysis of Maps and Plans
- Literature Review
- Desk Research
- Public Consultations
- Field Observations & Studies
- Laboratory Analyses
Physical Environment
Information was gathered on the existing physical environment, particularly as related to
geology, topography, soils, hydrology and drainage, water quality, air quality and noise.
Geology, Topography, Soils

A review was conducted of relevant literature on the geology, topography and soils in the
project area.
Hydrology and Drainage

A literature review was conducted to identify the components of the hydrological cycle
that are likely to impact on the project and the possible impacts that the project could
have on the hydrologic cycle. Field assessments included a determination and
verification of all the existing inflows into the drain, assessment of drainage issues,
interviews with local community members, and round-table discussions with
stakeholders.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Air Quality
Ambient air quality measurements are essential to provide a description of the existing
conditions, to provide a baseline against which changes can be measured and to assist
in the determination of potential impacts of the proposed construction on air quality
conditions. Ambient air quality was monitored for Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulfur Dioxide
(SO 2 ), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ), Particulate Matter (PM 10 ) and other parameters
mentioned in NEQS.
Noise
Noise level readings were taken for 24 hours and hourly average data was reported.
Water Quality
Water quality monitoring was conducted to determine the water quality situation prior to
construction. It has been observed that the surface water and groundwater are the most
important environmental variables to be affected in the project. The extent of surface
water and groundwater contamination in the project area was assessed based on the
test results of chemical and microbiological parameters for surface and groundwater.
Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and conductivity measurements were taken in situ at all
sampling stations. Laboratory analyses were performed according to SOPs based on
recognized methods of ASTM, USEPA, or APHA.
Biological Environment
The status of the flora and fauna of the study area were determined by ecological
survey, a review of literature relevant to the area, and an assessment of terrestrial
environments.
Flora
The vegetative communities were identified and classified into community types.
Identification was carried out of dominant tree species, assessment of stage of growth
(mature or sapling) and assessment of canopy cover.
Fauna
Information on fauna was gathered from existing literature on reported species as well
as observations in the field.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Socio-Cultural Environment
The consultants utilized a combination of desk research, field investigations, census
data, structured interviews, maps, and reports to generate the data required for
description of the existing social environment and assessment of the potential impacts of
the construction of the proposed project. Data was gathered on the following aspects of
the social environment:
- Land use and Municipal Status

- Traffic, Transportation and Access Roads
- Demographics
- Livelihoods
- Poverty
- Education
- Health
- Social Setup
- Community Facilities
- Solid Waste Management
- Proposed Developments
- Recreational Activities
- Archaeological and Cultural Heritage
d) Identification and Evaluation of Environmental Impacts

The impacts of the project on the physical, biological and socio-economic environmentat
the design, construction and operational phaseswere identified and evaluated based on
their type and magnitude.
e) Mitigation Measures and Implementation Arrangements

Adequate mitigation measures and implementation mechanisms were proposed so that
the proponent could incorporate them beforehand in the design phase.
1.7 Structure of the Report

Section1: Introduction briefly presents the purpose and need, project background,
objectives, methodology and proposed actions of the EIA study.
Section 2: Policy, Legal and Administrative Frameworkcomprise policy guidelines,

regulations, conventions and roles of institutions concerning EIA of the project.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Section 3: Description of the Project furnishes project information; location, cost, size
and major components. It also contains a description and evaluation of the various
alternatives that were considered and a justification for selecting the proposed system.
Section 4: EnvironmentalBaseline Profile establishes baseline conditions for physical,

biological and socio-economic conditions prevalent in the project area.
Section 5: Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosureidentifies the main

stakeholders and their concerns raisedduring scoping sessions, and deals with the
measures to mitigate the social impacts.
Section 6: AnticipatedEnvironmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures identifies,

predicts and evaluates impacts of the project activities during the construction and
operation stages and deals with the measures proposed to mitigate potential
environmental impacts of the project.
Section 7: Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan outlines institutional

arrangements for the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, training
needs of the staff for implementation of the mitigation measures, monitoring
requirements, monitoring cost etc.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Section – 2Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework
SECTION 2
POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national legislation that
applies to the proposed project. The project is expected to comply with all national
legislation relating to environment in Pakistan, and to obtain all the regulatory clearances
required.
2.1 National Policy and Legal Framework

The Climate Change Division is the responsible authority for environmental protection
policy making in Pakistan.
The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (NCS) that was approved by the federal
cabinet in March 1992 is the principal policy document on environmental issues in the
country (EUAD/IUCN, 1992). The NCS outlines the country's primary approach towards
encouraging sustainable development, conserving natural resources, and improving
efficiency in the use and management of resources. The NCS has 68 specific programs
in 14 core areas in which policy intervention is considered crucial for the preservation of
Pakistan's natural and physical environment. The core areas that are relevant in the
context of the proposed project are pollution prevention and abatement, restoration of
rangelands, increasing energy efficiency, conserving biodiversity, supporting forestry
and plantations, and the preservation of cultural heritage.
Prior to the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 was the governing law for environmental conservation in the
country. Under PEPA 1997 the Pakistan Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and
Pak EPA were primarily responsible for administering PEPA 1997. Post the adoption of
the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2011, the subject of environment was devolved
and the provinces have been empowered for environmental protection and conservation.
2.2 Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA

Under Section 12 (and subsequent amendment) of the PEPA (1997), a project falling
under any category specified in Schedule I of the IEE/EIA Regulations (SRO 339
(I0/2000), requires the proponent of the project to file an IEE with the concerned
provincial EPA. Projects falling under any category specified in Schedule II require the
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
proponent to file an EIA with the provincial agency, which is responsible for its review
and accordance of approval or request any additional information deemed necessary.
2.3 Regulatory Clearances, Pakistan EPA

In accordance with federal regulatory requirements, an IEE/EIA satisfying the
requirements of the Pakistan Environmental Protection (Amendment) Act will be marked
cleared by Pak-EPA and No Objection Certificate (NOC) will be issued for it.
2.4 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA

The Pak-EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for conducting
environmental assessments and the environmental management of different types of
development projects. The guidelines that are relevant to the proposed project are listed
below:
• Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan,

EPA 1997;
• Guidelines for Public Consultations; Pakistan EPA May 1997;
2.5 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000

The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS), 2000specify the following
standards:
• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and liquid

industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment facilities, and the sea
(three separate sets of numbers);
• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (16 parameters) in gaseous emissions

from industrial sources;
• Maximum allowable concentration of pollutants (two parameters) in gaseous emissions

from vehicle exhaust and noise emission from vehicles;
• Maximum allowable noise levels from vehicles;
These standards apply to the gaseous emissions and liquid effluents discharged by
batching plants, campsites and construction machinery. The standards for vehicles will
apply during the construction as well as operation phase of the project. Standards for
ambient air quality and noise have also been prescribed. The detailed NEQS are
available on www.environment.gov.pk.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.5.1 Air Quality Standards

In pursuance of the statutory requirement under clause (e) of sub-section (1) of section
(6) of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997(XXXIV of 1997), the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency with prior approval of the Pakistan Environmental
Protection Council, has published the NEQS for Ambient Air in 2010. USEPA standards
along with NEQS effective from January, 2012 are given in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1: Ambient Air Quality Standards

NEQS USEPA
Time- Time
# Pollutant Concentration Concentration
Weighted weighted
standard standard
Average average
3
Annual 80 µg/m Annual 3
80 µg/m , (0.030
average arithmetic
ppm)
1 SO 2 mean
3 3
24 hours 120 µg/m 24-hours 365 µg/m , 0.50
average ppm
3
Annual 40 µg/m -
-
2 NO average
3
24 hours 40 µg/m - -
3
Annual 40 µg/m Annual 3
100 µg/m ,
3 NO 2 average arithmetic
3
(0.053 ppm)
24 hours 80 µg/m mean
3 3,
1 hour 130 µg/m 235 µg/m
(0.12 ppm)
4 O3 3,
- - 8-hours 157 µg/m (0.08
average ppm)
3
Suspended Annual 360µg/m -
-
5 Particulate average
3
Matters (SPM) 24 hours 500 µg/m - -
Annual
Annual 3 3
120 µg/m arithmetic 50 µg/m
average
6 PM 10 mean
3
24 hours 150 µg/m 24-hours 3
150 µg/m
average
Annual
Annual 3 3
7 PM 2.5 15 µg/m arithmetic 15 µg/m
average
mean
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
NEQS USEPA
Time- Time
# Pollutant Concentration Concentration
Weighted weighted
standard standard
Average average
3
24-hours 3
24 hours 35 µg/m 65 µg/m
average
3
1 hour 15 µg/m - -
Annual 3
1 µg/m Quarterly 3
8 Lead average 1.5 µg/m
3
average
24 hours 1.5 µg/m
3
3
8-hours 10 mg/m ,
8 hours 5 mg/m
Average ( 9 ppm)
9 CO 3
3
1-hour 40 mg/m ,
1 hour 10 mg/m
average (35 ppm)
2.5.2 Noise Quality Standards

In pursuance of the statutory requirement under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section
Protection Council, has published the NEQS for Noise (2010). These standards are
established for the four different categories which include residential area, commercial
area, industrial area and silent zone. These standards vary according to the day and
night timing, day time hours are 6:00 am to 10:00 pm and night time hours are 10:00 pm
to 6:00 am. USEPA standards and World Bank guidelines along with National
Environmental Quality Standards for Noise effective from January, 2012 are used for
bench marking purpose and given in Table 2.2.
Table 2.2: Noise Quality Standards
NEQS WB guidelines USEPA Standards
Category of
# Day Night Day Night
Area Indoor Outdoor
Time Time Time Time
Residential
1 55 45 55 45 45 55
Area
Commercial
2 65 55 70 70 70 70
Area
3 Industrial Area 75 65 70 70 70 70
4 Silence Zone 50 45 - - - -
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.5.3 Drinking Water Quality Standards

In pursuance of the statutory requirement under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section
Protection Council, has published the National Standards for Drinking Water Quality
(2010).
Table 2.3 presents the National Standards for drinking water quality. Drinking water
quality guidelines issued by WHO and USEPA have also been used as benchmark.
Table 2.3: Drinking Water Quality Standards

Concentration Standards
# Parameters NEQS WHO USEPA
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
Chemical Parameters
1 Aluminium (Al) < 0.2 0.2 0.05-0.02
2 Ammonium (NH3) - 1.5 NS
3 Antimony (Sb) < 0.005 0.005 0.006
4 Arsenic (As) < 0.05 0.01 0.05
5 Barium (Ba) 0.7 0.7 2.0
6 Boron (B) 0.3 0.3 NS
7 Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 0.003 0.005
8 Chloride (Cl) < 250 250 250
9 Chromium (Cr) < 0.05 0.05 0.1
10 Copper (Cu) 2 1-2 1.0
11 Cyanide (CN) < 0.05 0.07 0.2
12 Fluoride (F) < 1.5 1.5 2.0-4.0
13 Iron (Fe) - 0.3 0.3
14 Lead (Pb) < 0.05 0.01 0.015
15 Manganese (Mn) < 0.5 0.1-0.5 0.05
16 Mercury (Hg) < 0.001 0.001 0.002
17 Molybdenum (Mo) - 0.07 NS
18 Nickel (Ni) < 0.02 0.02 0.1
19 Nitrate (NO3) < 50 NS 10.0 as N
20 Nitrite (NO2) <3 NS 10.0 as N
21 Selenium (Se) 0.01 0.01 0.05
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Concentration Standards
# Parameters NEQS WHO USEPA
(mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
22 Silver (Ag) - NS 0.1
23 Sodium (Na) - 200 20
24 Sulphate (So3) - 250 250
25 Residual Chlorine 0.2-0.5 - -
26 Zinc (Zn) 5.0 3.0 5.0
Physical Parameters
27 Color < 15 TCU 15 cu 15 cu
Non - -
28 Taste Objectionable/
Acceptable
Non NS 3 TON
29 Odor Objectionable/
Acceptable
30 Turbidity < 5 NTU 5 NTU 0.5-5.0 NTU
31 Total hardness < 500 mg/l - -
32 TDS < 1000 1000 500
6.5-8.5
33 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5
Biological Parameters
Must not be
34 E-Coli detectable in any 0 0
100 ml sample
Must not be
35 Total Coliforms detectable in any 0 0
100 ml sample
2.5.4 Effluent Standards

National standards have been developed for the discharge of municipal effluents into
inland water bodies. A significant amount of agriculture depends on these bodies for
their water supply. Consequently, the standards set for discharge into inland waters are
also applicable to the wastewater treatment plant effluent as it is primarily going to be
used in agriculture. The NEQS values for discharge into inland waters are given below in
Table 2.4.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 2.4: National Standards for Discharge of Municipal Effluents into Inland Waters and
Sewage Treatment
Discharge Discharge into
Sr. # Parameters into Inland Waters Sewage Treatment
NEQS (mg/l) NEQS (mg/l)
0 0
1 Temperature < 30 C < 30 C
+
2 pH value (H ) 6-9 6-9
Biochemical Oxygen Demand 80 250
3
(BOD 5 )
Chemical Oxygen Demand 150 400
4
(COD)
5 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 200 400
6 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 3500 3500
7 Oil & Grease 10 10
Phenolic Compounds (as 0.1 0.3
8
Phenols)
-
9 Chloride (as Cl ) 1000 1000
-
10 Fluoride (as F ) 10 10
-
11 Cyanide (as CN ) 1.0 1.0
12 Anionic detergents (as MBAS) 20 20
2-
13 Sulphate (as SO 4 ) 600 1000
2-
14 Sulphide (as S ) 1.0 1.0
15 Ammonia (NH 3 ) 40 40
16 Pesticides 0.15 0.15
17 Cadmium 0.1 0.1
Chromium (trivalent and 1.0 1.0
18
hexavalent)
19 Cooper 1.0 1.0
20 Lead 0.5 0.5
21 Mercury 0.01 0.01
22 Selenium 0.5 0.5
23 Nickel 1.0 1.0
24 Silver 1.0 1.0
25 Total toxic metals 2.0 2.0
26 Zinc 5.0 5.0
27 Arsenic 1.0 1.0
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Discharge Discharge into

Sr. # Parameters into Inland Waters Sewage Treatment
NEQS (mg/l) NEQS (mg/l)
28 Barium 1.5 1.5

29 Iron 8.0 8.0
30 Manganese 1.5 1.5
31 Boron 6.0 6.0
32 Chlorine 1.0 1.0
2.6 Occupational Health

Construction and operational activities can affect the occupational health of the workers.
Quantitative national standards with respect to these aspects are yet to be developed in
Pakistan. However, guidance in qualitative terms can be obtained from the Labor Laws
(Amended) Ordinance, 1972.
2.7 Toxic or Hazardous Waste

Protection of the environment with regards to toxic and hazardous waste is covered by
the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC). Environment Protection Department (EPD), Punjab, is
mandated to monitor the transportation of hazardous materials within the provincial
limits.
2.8 Administrative Framework
2.8.1 National Highways Authority (NHA)

The implementing agency of the proposed project is NHA,Government of Pakistan. The
management of NHA will ensure that all the proposed measures are effectively
implemented at the design, construction and operational stages.
2.8.2 FederalEnvironmental Protection Agency

Pakistan Environmental Protection Council is the apex inter-ministerial and multi-
stakeholders decision-making body, which is headed by Prime Minister. While Pakistan
Environmental Protection Agency is meant for the enforcement of environmental laws in
Pakistan. They have delegated powers to provincial environmental protection agencies
for review, approval and monitoring of environmental examination/assessment projects.
Federal EPA will be responsible for reviewing the report, issuing No Objection Certificate
(NOC) and overall/broad based monitoring of the proposed project activities.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.8.3 Rules of Business for District Environment Office under Punjab LGO, 2001
National Reconstruction Bureau has formulated the following rules of business for district
environment offices:
- To regulate motor vehicles subject to the provisions of the Pakistan
Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and the rules and regulations made there-
under;
- To ensure, guide and assist the proponents of new projects in submission of
Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)/ Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
to Director General, EPA for approval;
- To ensure implementation of environmental protection and preservation
measures in all development projects at the district level and to sensitize
government agencies on environmental issues;
- To identify the needs for legislation in various sectors of the environmental
matters;
- To provide information and guidance to the public on environment;
- To encourage the formation and working of non-governmental organizations, to
prevent and combat pollution and promote sustainable development;
- To undertake regular monitoring of projects and to submit progress reports to
Director General, EPA for publication in the annual Report.
2.9 Other Environment Related Legislations

Table 2.5 gives a summary of all legislations, guidelines, conventions and corporate
requirements:
Table 2.5: Environmental Legislations
Sr. Legislation/Guideline Description

No.
Acts
1 Pakistan Environmental Basic legislative tool empowering the Government of

Protection Act (PEPA) Pakistan to frame and enforce regulations for the
1997 protection of environment. The PEPA 1997 is broadly
applicable to air, water, soil, marine and noise pollution,
and handling of hazardous wastes. Penalties have been
prescribed for those contravening provisions of the Act.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Under section 12 of the PEPA 1997, no project involving

construction activities or any change in the physical
environment can be undertaken unless an IEE or EIA is
conducted and a report submitted to the federal or
provincial EPA.
2 Land Acquisition Act, 1894 The Land Acquisition Act, 1894, is a “law for the
IncludingLaterAmendments acquisition of land needed for public purposes and for
companies and for determining the amount of
compensation to be paid on account of such acquisition”.
The exercise of the power of acquisition has been limited
to public purposes. The principles laid down for the
determination of compensation, as clarified by judicial
pronouncements made from time to time, reflect the
anxiety of the law-giver to compensate those who have
been deprived of property, adequately.
3 Canal and Drainage Act This Act prohibits corruption or fouling of water in canals
(1873) (defined to include channels, tube wells, reservoirs and
watercourses), or obstruction of drainage.
4 Protection of Trees and This Act prohibits cutting or lopping of trees and
Bushwood Act, 1949 brushwood without permission of the Forest Department.
The Forest Department will be approached for permission
to cut trees along the proposed project site.
The protection of cultural resources in Pakistan is ensured

5 Antiquities Act 1975
by the Antiquities Act of 1975. Antiquities have been
defined in the Act as ancient products of human activity,
historical sites, or sites of anthropological or cultural
interest, national monuments etc. The act is designed to
protect antiquities from destruction, theft, negligence,
unlawful excavation, trade and export. The law prohibits
new construction in the proximity of a protected antiquity
and empowers the Government of Pakistan to prohibit
excavation in any area, which may contain articles of
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
archaeological significance. NOC would be requested

from DG Archeological Department for construction within
200 feet of cultural heritage sites. As there is no
cultural/historical place is present in the radius of
proposed project site therefore this act is not applicable.
Regulations, Standards and Guidelines
6 Pakistan Environmental The Regulation classifies projects on the basis of expected

Protection Agency degree of adverse environmental impacts and lists them in
Review of IEE and EIA two separate schedules. Schedule I lists projects that may
Regulations, (2000) not have significant environmental impacts and therefore
require an IEE. Schedule II lists projects of potentially
significant environmental impacts requiring preparation of
an EIA. The Regulations also require that all projects
located in environmentally sensitive areas require
preparation of an EIA. It also lists Projects not requiring
either an EIA or an IEE. The project falls under the category
D of the Schedule II of these regulations and therefore EIA
has to be prepared for the project.
7 National Environmental The NEQS specify standards for industrial and municipal
Quality Standards effluents, gaseous emissions, ambient air requirements and
emission levels for Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide,
vehicular emissions and noise levels. The PEPA specifies
the imposition of a pollution charge in case of non-
compliance with the NEQS. The standards were last revised
in 2010.
SectoralGuidelines (1997) Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedure deals with

8
general guidelines as well as the sectoral guidelines for the
environmental assessment studies. “Sectoral Guidelines
For Environmental Reports – Major Roads” are used as a
reference in this document.
9 Guideline for Solid Waste Guidelines for Solid Waste Management have been issued
Management(2005) as a draft by the Pakistan EnvironmentalProtection Agency
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
in coordination with JICA and UNDP. These guidelines

explain the waste generation,discharge and composition.
These guidelines should strictly be followed for safe handling
and disposal of waste generated during construction and
operational stages of the project.
10 Building Code of Pakistan The provision of Building Code of Pakistan shall apply for
engineering design of building like structure and related
components. The construction in violation of the Building
code shall be deemed as violation of professional
engineering work. Moreover, a certificate for the proposed
action will be obtained from Capital Development Authority
(CDA).
11 Pakistan Penal Code It authorizes fines, imprisonment or both for voluntary

(1860) corruption or fouling of public springs or reservoirs so as to
make them less fit for ordinary use.
Hazardous Substance Rules, 2003 deals with handling,

12 Hazardous Substance
storage, transportation and health & safety procedures to
Rules (2003)
be followed in the workplace. These rules deal with
generation and handling of any kind of hazardous
substance (solid, liquid & gas) as listed in Schedule I of the
rules. These Rules provide Safety plan, waste management
plan, transportation of hazardous materials procedures as
well as reporting mechanism in case of any accident. Under
these rules a license has to be taken from
Federal/Provincial Agency for handling and transportation of
hazardous material (Schedule II of Rules). The construction
of MBS involves the generation of hazardous chemicals
from various construction activities, therefore these Rules
are applicable.The contractor for handling hazardous waste
shall be the licensed contractor. Contravene to any of
these rules may cause cancellation of the license by
Federal/Provincial Agency as the case may be.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Forest Act 1927 is designed to protect forest areas.

13 The Forest Act
The law prohibits grazing hunting, quarrying, clearing for
(1927)/Addendum
the purpose of cultivation, removing forest produce, and
felling or looping trees in forest or protected areas. Section
26 of the act prohibits the clearing of land, felling trees,
cultivation, grazing livestock, trespassing, mining and
collecting forest reserves along with setting traps or snares
and poisoning of water. Any person who contravene shall
be liable with punishment set by the law. However, after
Forest Ordinance Amendment (2016) in sec 27 and 34-A of
the Forest Act 1927 a sub-section (3) is inserted according
to which the government after approval from the provincial
cabinet declares reserved forest as no more reserved and
can acquire the forest land for purpose of projects of
national importance. The forest act also allows the
concerned authorities to regulate privately owned forests
and land under certain conditions such as protection from
floods or landslides, safeguarding roads, bridges and
railways and preservation of public health (Sec 55).
During construction felling of few trees will be required. For

felling of trees the permit has to be taken from the
concerned authority. For felling of every single tree 10
trees will be planted to compensate each uprooted plant.
This law governs the employment of labor, working hours,
14 Factories Act, 1934
working conditions and facilities to be provided in the
workplace. The Act deals primarily with matters related to
labor relations, their working conditions and their health and
safety in the working place. Section 14 to 33 of the act
specifically covers all the issues related to working
environment of laborers including ventilation (sec14), drinking
water conditions for workers (sec19), precautions against fire
hazards (sec22) or any other hazardous operation within the
working area (sec33) under this act. This will be applicable
during the construction and operational stages of the project.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contravention to any of the provision of this act will lead to

penalty against the concerned person.
Policies and Plans
15 National Environmental NEP is the primary policy of Government of Pakistan

Policy (NEP), 2005 addressing environmental issues. The broad Goal of NEP
is, “to protect, conserve and restore Pakistan’s environment
in order to improve the quality of life of the citizens through
sustainable development”. The NEP identifies a set of
sectoral and cross-sectoral guidelines to achieve its goal of
sustainable development. It also suggests various policy
instruments to overcome the environmental problems
throughout the country.
16 Biodiversity Action Plan The plan recognizes EIA as an effective tool for identifying
and assessing the effects of a proposed operation on
biodiversity.
The National Water Policy Aims at efficient management

17 National Water Policy
and conservation of existing water resources, optimal
development of potential water resources, steps to minimize
time and cost overruns in completion of water sector
projects, equitable water distribution in various areas and
canal commands, measures to reverse rapidly declining
groundwater levels in low-recharge areas, increased
groundwater exploitation in high-recharge areas, effective
drainage interventions to maximize crop production,
improved flood control and protective measures, steps to
ensure acceptable and safe quality of water, minimization of
salt build-up and other environmental hazards in irrigated
areas, institutional reforms to make the managing
organizations more dynamic and responsive. This policy is
in draft stage.
18 National Drinking Water The National Drinking Water Policy provides a framework
Policy for addressing the key issues and challenges facing
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Pakistan in the provision of safe drinking water to the

people. Drinking water is the constitutional responsibility
of the provincial governments and the specific provision
function has been devolved to specially created agencies
in cities and Town and Tehsil Municipal Administrations
under the Local Government Ordinance 2001.
The Operational Strategy for CDM has been developed to
19 Operational Strategy for
fulfill the requirements of establishing a Designated National
CDM, 2006
Authority (DNA) and ensuring transparent, participatory and
effective management of CDM process in the country. The
strategy describes the functions and powers of the DNA and
the national approval process. It builds on preliminary
studies for initial projects including Asia Least Cost
Greenhouse Gases Abatement Strategy (ALGAS) and
Pakistan’s Initial Communication on Climate Change which
provides a general framework for operating CDM in
Pakistan.
The National Climate Change Policy provides a framework

20 National Climate Change
for addressing the issues that Pakistan faces or will face in
Policy, 2012
future due to the changing climate. It was formulated in
September 2012. The goal of this policy is to ensure that
climate change is mainstreamed in the economically and
socially vulnerable sectors of the economy and to steer
Pakistan towards climate resilient development.
The transport sector has shown the highest emission growth
rate of all sectorsand accounts for about a quarter of carbon
dioxide emissions in Pakistan. Managing emissions in the
transport sector istherefore crucial for tackling climate
change.
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
20 The Convention on The Convention requires countries to take action to avoid

Conservation ofMigratory endangering migratory species. The term "migratory
Species of Wild Animals, species" refers to the species of wild animals, a significant
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
(1981) proportion of whose members cyclically and predictably

cross one or more national jurisdictional boundaries. The
parties are also required to promote or cooperate with other
countries in matters of research on migratory species. There
are no endangered species of plant life or animal life in the
vicinity of the Project.
21 Convention on The convention requires Pakistan to impose strict regulation

International Trade in (including penalization, confiscation of the specimen)
Endangered Species of regarding trade of all species threatened with extinction or
Wild Fauna and Flora that may become so, in order not to endanger their survival
(1973) further.
22 International Union for It lists sensitiveecological resources that are experiencing

Conservation ofNature various levels of threats internationally.
and NaturalResources
Red List (2000)
Ramsar Convention on The Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty that

23
Wetlands of International provides the framework for national action and international
Importance 1971 cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands
and their resources. The convention is an international treaty
for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands. It
is the only global environmental treaty that deals with a
particular ecosystem.
Millennium Development The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were adopted in

24
Goals (MDGs) the General Assembly of the United Nations in the year 2000
by all the countries of world and the world’s leading
developmental institutions. The MGDs are as follows:
• Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty

• Achieve Universal Primary Education
• Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
• Reduce Child Mortality
• Improve Maternal Health
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
• Combat HIV/AIDS Malaria and Other Diseases

• Ensure Environmental Sustainability
• Develop A Global Partnership for Development
25 Basel Convention The Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary

Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposalis an
international treaty thatwas designed to reduce the
movements of hazardous waste between nations, and
specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste
from developed to Less Developed Countries (LDCs). It does
not, however, address the movement of radioactive waste.
The Convention is also intended to minimize the amount
and toxicity of wastes generated, to ensure their
environmentally sound management as closely as possible to
the source of generation, and to assist LDCs in
environmentally sound management of the hazardous and
other wastes they generate.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section – 3Project Description
SECTION - 3
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
National Highway Authority (NHA) has decided to construct the Metro Bus System
(MBS) from Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA),to uplift the
existing public transport system in term of level of service and quality.
3.1 Rationale of the Project

The proposed project is based on study conducted in 2014 to improve the efficiency
and performance in public transport system between twin cities of Islamabad &
Rawalpindi. In that study, four priority routes were identified for Mass Transit System
(MTS). Three options for different scenarios were studied by Consultant and one
option was approved by the Punjab Metrobus Authority (PMA) and RDA. Four priority
lines / routes were established. Among the four lines, first line named as Red Line
from Flashman Hotel (Rawalpindi) to Pakistan Secretariat (Islamabad) has already
been completed and successfully under operation. Second priority line named as
Orange Line is from G.T Road (N-5) to Constitution Avenue along Kashmir Highway.
This orange line has an estimated ridership of approximately115,000 passengers/day
in year 2018. This project is basically the part of second priority line identified along
Kashmir Highway. This proposed Metro Bus Line will improve the efficiency and
performance in public transport system along Kashmir Highway and will also provide
rapid access to New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA) and new sectors /
societies and will serve major universities i.e. NUST, Fast & International Islamic
University and Al-Huda etc. It will also reduce traffic load on adjacent roads
consisting of mixed traffic lanes and arterial roads within the city ultimately reducing
noise & air pollution.
Benefits of the project:

Following are the tangible benefits accruing to the project which have been
considered in the analysis as detailed below:
i. Provide public with rapid, efficient & low cost transportation

ii. Reduction of no. of vehicles on the road
iii. Alleviatetraffic jams and noise & air pollution.
iv. Reduction in the Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC)
ii. Savings in Vehicle Travel Time
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.2 Objectives of the Proposed Project

The overall objective of this project is to improve the efficiency and performance of
the public transport system in federal capital Islamabad and facilitate the daily
commuters up to New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA). Metro Bus System
(MBS) will also reduce traffic load on adjacent roads consisting of mixed traffic lanes
and arterial roads within the city, alleviate traffic jams and reduce noise & air
pollution.
3.3 Location of the Project

The MBS starts from Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA)
via Golra Chowk, and GT Road Interchange on N-5. The project length is 25.6 km
divided in four Packages. Figure 3.1 shows the location of the project area.
3.4 Packages of MBS

The project is provision of bus rapid transit system from Peshawar Morr to New
Islamabad International Airport (NIIA). The project length is 25.6 km which is divided
into following packages for construction purpose:
Package Description Length (km) No. of Stations
I Peshawar Morr ~ Golra Morr 8 km 5
II Golra Morr ~ G.T Road Interchange 3.8 km 2
III G.T Interchange ~ Motorway 8.3 Km 1
Interchange
IV Motorway Interchange ~ New 5.5 Km 1
Islamabad International Airport (NIIA)
V New Islamabad International Airport - 1
(NIIA) Parking Area
Total Length 25.6 km 10
The alignment initiates from Peshawar Morr (Metro Bus Peshawar Morr Station) and
travels south of Kashmir Highway up to Golra Morr. At Golra Morr, alignment moves
to the center of Kashmir Highway and travel in middle of Kashmir Highway up to G.T
Interchange (M2 link road interchange). From G.T Road Interchange, it covers
distance of 8.3 Km up to Motorway Interchange (M1/M2) following motorway link
road. From Motorway Interchange (M1/M2), it moves up to New Islamabad
International Airport (NIIA). The project length ends at airport entry gate. However
after entering airport boundary, metro bus will travel with mixed traffic instead of
separate corridor and additional 450 m length is considered inside parking periphery
of airport facility at parking bay of New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA). The
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
station facility at new airport may be accommodated either at level-1 or level-2 as

agreed by the CAA.
The project alignment moves at-grade to existing roads. Underpasses and bridge
are provided to pass / cross through existing roads. In this project 10 stations are
proposed, for construction, which are equipped with platforms, screen doors,
escalators, turn stiles for automatic fare collection and other standard amenities for
the passenger convenience. Four future MBS stations are anticipated in future for
which green area is left in the MBS corridor median.The complete alignment is at
grade except at certain crossings, where alignment underpasses and at railway
crossing near Golra Morr, it overpasses.
Total number of stations is Ten (10). Area is left in MBS corridor median for
provision of 04 future stations. These stations are connected with pedestrian
bridges. Twelve (12) numbers of additional pedestrian bridges are also being
proposed to facilitate the pedestrian other than stations. Escalators and Elevators to
facilitate passengers to enter the stations as well as cross the existing road have
been proposed. Project alignment is shown in Figure 3.2. The project has been
broadly divided into four packages for construction purpose.
MBS will be operated by PMA. The buses will be owned and operated by private
operators. The operator for Buses operations will be selected through open bidding.
It is expected that the Rawalpindi-Islamabad-MBS model will be followed for mode of
payment, which is based on “bus-kilometres per year”. However, any other mutually
agreed mode of payment may also be decided between operator and PMA authority
responsible for maintenance and operation.
3.5 Geometric Design of the Proposed Project

The Geometric Design of the project is governed by AASHTO Criteria for highways
design. The Geometric design parameters are given below:
Metro Bus System
Running Way Type : Median (Exclusive)
Corridor Width : 10 m
No of Lanes : 2
No of Lanes at stations : 4 (2 on each direction)
Lane Width : 3.65 m
Shoulder Width : 1.0 m Each Side
No. of Stations : 10 to be constructed & 03 in future
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Station Length : 160 m (With Two Bays)

Station Access : through Pedestrian Bridges
Improved Subgrade (CBR) : 30%
Embankment CBR : 5%
Metro Bus System at Grade

ESALs : 28 Million
Flexible Pavement
Asphaltic Wearing Course : 5 cm
Asphaltic Base Course : 15 cm
Aggregate Base Course : 30 cm
Sub base : 15 cm
Rigid Pavement at Stations

JRCP : 35 cm
Lean Concrete : 10 cm
Sub base : 20 cm
Embankment:
Side Slope : 2 :1 (Common)
Design Life of Pavement : 10 years
Design Life of Structures

Design Return Period:
Culverts : 25 Years
Bridges /Flyovers : 50 Years
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 3.1: Location of the Project Area
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 3.2: Alignment of Proposed MBS
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.6 Project Administrative Jurisdiction

The proposed project falls under the administrative jurisdiction ICT.
3.7 Project Implementation Schedule

The project is scheduled to be completed within six(06) months. The project will
commence from February 2017 and MBS route will be completed latest by August
13, 2017, however other ancillary and related works may continue till defect liability
period (July 31, 2018)
3.8 Cost of the Project

The estimated capital cost of the proposed project is Rs.15,905Million.
3.9 Land Acquisition

The whole alignment is accommodated in available right of way (ROW) of existing
roads except at few locations i.e. at the start point where 10m wide strip of 500m in
length needs to be acquired to ensure farm houses access and near GT road
interchange to accommodate MBS station
3.10 Proposed Alternatives

To meet the primary objectives of the project, three different alternatives were
studied. The details ofalternatives considered for MBS Peshawar Morr to New
Islamabad International Airport are:
Alternative-I: No Project Option
Alternative-II: Construction of MBS from Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad

International Airport
Alternative-III: Addition of Separate Bus Lane
a) Alternative - I “No Project Option”

Presently, there is no public transport available for the commuters to reach New
Islamabad International Airport, new sectors/societies and major universities i.e.
NUST, FAST & International Islamic University and Al-Huda etc.
People travelling to and from Islamabad usually hire cabs or personal transport. Due
to absence of public transport, the cabs are in monopoly and they charge the rates of
their own will. It has increased the number of vehicles in the city and resulting innoise
and environmental degradation due to vehicular emissions.
By the time, number of commuters to Islamabad as well as the local population is

increasing hence the number of private vehicles and cabs are increasing. If this
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
continues it will result in congestion on the roads of Islamabad and ultimately greater
environmental degradation. Hence this situation needs to be improved by the
provision of an economical and public transport service.
b) Alternative - IIConstruction of MBS from Peshawar Morr to NIIA

Construction of MBS from Peshawar Morr to NIIA will provide a safe, congestion free
and economical transport to the commuters. It will be much beneficial as it will link
two (02) metro routes near Peshawar Morr.It will provide direct transport to NIIA, new
sectors/societies and major universities i.e. NUST, FAST, International Islamic
University and Al-Huda University etc. It will also reduce number of private vehicles
on the roads reducing traffic congestion, noise and vehicular emissions.
c) Alternative - IIIAddition of Separate Bus Lane (Hot Lane)

A lane from existing road can be dedicated for public transport for specific hours for
uninterrupted movement and cars with more than 3 passengers (service pool).As this
project will not involve any construction hence it will avoid several issues including
land acquisition, construction management, pollution, tree cutting, noise, traffic
disruption, emissions from construction vehicles/equipment etc. However, taking in to
account the drivers behaviour and poor traffic management it is difficult to implement
and everybody will use that lane, especially, VIP movements. Hence traffic
management will be difficult and the fenced metro rout already working successfully
in Lahore and Islamabad.
Table 3.1 Comparison of the Different Alternatives
Alternatives Environmental Social
Alternative - I No Project Option • Existing • Available public
environmental transport is either
condition will substandard or
prevail. However, costly.
by the increase in
future traffic loads
air quality and noise
levelmay
deteriorate.
Alternative - II Construction of • It will reduce • Improved public
MBS from number of private transport facility with
Peshawar Morr to vehicles on the low cost
NIIA roads reducing • Dedicated lanes
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
traffic congestion, reducing travel

noise and vehicular times.
emissions. Cost of structure will
higher in
comparison to
alternative III.
Alternative- III Addition of • As no construction • Dedicated lanes
Separate Bus is involved, it will reducing travel
Lane (Hot Lane) avoid several times.
issues including • Existing lane is
land acquisition, available for
construction dedicated public
management, transport, thus
pollution, tree reducing cost of
cutting, noise, traffic land acquisition;
disruption, Cost of structure will
emissions from be saved in
construction comparison to
vehicles/equipment alternative II.
etc. • Possibility of mixing
of other vehicles
causing accidents
and increasing
travel.
• Traffic congestions
3.11 Selected Option

In the light of above discussion, alternative II is the most feasible option as it provides
safe, efficient and reliable mode of public transport with low cost. It will have least
environmental pollution in thelong run.
3.12 Construction Materials

The materials used in construction of the road for the proposed project would include
coarse aggregates (crush), fine aggregates (sand), steel, water, asphalt,
reinforcement, cement etc. Fine aggregates are locally available in the area, while
the soil, cement and steel will be procured from other sources. The construction
material suitable for construction of MBS will be obtained from Margalla Hill
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Quarry.To control environmental impacts associated with material extraction from

quarry area, Quarry management Plan is attached as Annex I.
3.13 Construction Camps

Camp sites will be selected keeping in view the availability of adequate area for
establishing camp sites, including parking areas for machinery, stores and
workshops, access to communication and local markets, and an appropriate distance
from sensitive areas in the vicinity. Final locations will be selected by the
contractoraway from populated areas with consent of supervision consultant after
approval fromCDA.
3.14 Manpower Requirements

The manpower requirement during construction and operation of the project will be
about 104 people including managerial staff, skilled and unskilled labour.
3.15 Water Requirement

The estimated water requirement is 80 million litres.
3.16 Waste Generation

The estimated waste generated at the site will be 50,000 m3.
3.17 Construction Equipment

The list of the machinery and the equipment required for the proposed project is
provided in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2: Machinery and Equipment Requirement for the Proposed Project
Sr. Type of Machinery and Sr. Type of Machinery and
No. Equipment No. Equipment
1 Dump Truck 12 Self-Propelled Pneumatic Roller
2 Front End Loader 13 Asphalt Distributor
3 Dozer 14 Batching Plant
4 Grader 15 Concrete Transit Truck
5 Vibratory Roller 16 Concrete Pump
6 Water Tankers 17 Excavator
7 Agg. Spreader 18 Water Pumps
8 Three Wheel Rollers 19 Cranes
9 Tandem Roller 20 Vibrators
10 Asphalt Plant 21 Generators
11 Paver
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section-4 Environmental Baseline Profile
SECTION-4
EVIRONMENTAL BASELINE PROFILE
The baseline for project area was established considering physical, biological and
socio-economic aspects along the project area. The information of environmental
parameters was gathered from government departments, through review of literature,
and site visits. In addition to this, consultations were held with the general public and
major stakeholders of the project area in order to seek the public opinion on the
implementation of the proposed project. Designed questionnaires and focus group
discussions were used to interview stakeholders for their concerns and suggestions
about the proposed project.
4.1 Physical Environment

The physical environment includes topography, regional geology and soils, climate,
hydrology and drainage, seismology, surface water, groundwater, ambient air quality
and noise levels.
4.1.1 Topography
Islamabad is located on the north most edge of the track known as Potohar plateau.
The site is an uneven table and land is gradually rising in elevation from 500 to 600
meters above sea level. In the extreme north the hills rise more steeply. The highest
point is 1600 meter above sea level. Most of the Margalla range in the north-west is
composed of hill series belonging to the Eocene division of the tertiary period and are
about 60 million years old. Some of the earliest Stone Age artifacts in the world have
been found on the plateau, dating from 100,000 to 500,000 years ago. Rudimentary
stones recovered from the terraces of the Soan River testify to the endeavors of early
man in the inter-glacial period.The terrain in the metropolitan area of Islamabad-
Rawalpindi consists of plains and mountains whose total relief exceeds 1,175 m. The
northern part of the metropolitan area lies in the mountainous terrain of the Margala
Hills, a part of the lower and outer Himalayas, which also includes the Hazara and
Kala Chitta Ranges The Margala Hills, which reach 1,600-m altitude near Islamabad,
consist of many ridges of Jurassic through Eocene limestones and shales that are
complexly thrusted, folded, and generally overturned. Margalla Hills Range acts as a
wall forming the boundary of the Nullah Lai basin. The foot of Margalla range stands
at an elevation of about 620 m and the top of the mountain is about 1,200 m. Four
major tributaries, namely Saidpur Kas, Tenawali Kas, Bedarawali Kas, and Johd Kas,
originate from Margalla Hills. After this Chaklala Bridge, the Nullah Lai becomes
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
steeper with many downfalls eventually falling in the River Soan, which is a tributary
of the River Indus.Figure 4.1 represents the topography of the area. However,
theproject areas consist of flyovers, underpasses and railway crossing.
Islamabad
Figure 4.1: Topography of the Study Area
4.1.2 Regional Geology and Soil

The area in and around Islamabad has a complex geological history of mountain
formation, alluvial-loessic deposition and erosion cycles. In the west of the Potohar
Uplands, the main depositions of loess are from the Pleistocene period. Streams and
ravines cut the loess plain, affected by gully erosion and steep slopes. This type of
land is unsuitable for cultivation. The areas are composed of either alluvium (clay or
silt) or of gravel caps. The plains are formed of alluvial deposits laid by undulating and
at various places it is badly dissected by gullies and ravines. A large part of the
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
stream has been dammed at a place named Rawal to the Rawal Lake and another
built on Soan River to form The Silmy Lake.
The gravel and loess are especially important to the environmental geology because
they form most of the building foundations and because gravel is the primary ground-
water aquifer
Important minerals like limestone, marble, and fireclay are found in the area.
Limestone is found abundantly in Margalla Hills and marble in the western section of
Margalla range. Clay soils in the District exhibit five strata, from bottom to top: (i)
coarse pebbles with sand or clay; (ii) an alluvial stratum deposited by an older river
system in the Soan Basin, (iii) alluvial deposits of the present river system (iv) an
airborne top layer of silt or clay (loess), and (v) conglomerate and loose gravel
deposits.
Figure 4.2 indicates the properties (silty clay, clean clay and sand with silt) of soil in
the Project Area. Out of these three, the silty clay is a predominant one. The map has
been obtained from City District Government Lahore (CDGL).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Project Area
Figure 4.2: Soil Map of the Study area
4.1.3 Climate and Meteorology

Islamabad has distinct seasons marked by wide variation in Temperature. The climate
of the project area is classified as sub-humid to sub-tropical continental, receiving
rainfall from both monsoon and western disturbances. The project area has hot
summer and cold winters. The coldest month is January when the mean maximum
temperature is 17.7 oC and the mean minimum temperature is 2.6 oC. June is the
hottest month with mean maximum temperature around 40oC and mean minimum
temperature 24 oC.
The project area has two distinct rainfall seasons, the summer season from July to
September and winter season from December to April. The bulk of monsoon
precipitation occurs in July and August, with monthly average of 267 and 309 mm
respectively.One day maximum annual rainfall per year is given in the Table 4.1.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.1 One Day Maximum Annual Rainfall

Year Rainfall (mm) Year Rainfall (mm) Year Rainfall (mm)
1944 120.7 1960 69.3 1980 60
1945 104.1 1961 64.8 1981 123.8
1946 88.9 1962 90.9 1982 181.3
1947 31.5 1963 87.1 1983 172.4
1948 150.6 1964 71.6 1984 86.4
1949 66.6 1965 84.8 1985 140.5
1950 96.3 1966 73.9 1988 124.8
1951 312.4 1967 101.9 1989 124.7
1952 80.5 1972 53.3 1990 110
1953 205.7 1973 105.9 1991 73.9
1954 69.6 1974 133.9 1996 78.9
1955 86.4 1975 116.8 1997 194.7
1956 223.5 1976 120 1998 84.3
1957 71.1 1977 133.6 1999 91.7
1958 90.7 1978 113.1 2000 62.4
1959 140.2 1979 78.7 2001 411.4
Source: Water and Agriculture Division, NESPAK
In Islamabad, throughout the year, the winds blow predominantly from north to south-
east, but in summer there are short spells of wind from north or south-east. Morning
breeze is mostly from the west and the wind throughout the year is from south-
west.Table 4.2 summarizes month-wise temperature, precipitation, and relative
humidity while Figure 4.3 and Figure 4.4show the graphical presentation of humidity
and precipitation in the study area.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table: 4.2: Month-wise Temperature, Precipitation and Relative Humidity

Month Mean Temperature Precipitation Relative
Maximum Minimum (mm) Humidity
(%)
January 17.6 2.6 56.0 63.5
February 19.1 5.1 73.5 61.8
March 23.9 9.9 89.8 56.6
April 30.1 15.0 61.8 40.1
May 35.3 19.7 39.2 34.1
June 38.6 23.7 62.2 36.0
July 35.0 24.3 267.0 60.7
August 33.4 23.5 309.9 70.3
September 33.5 20.6 98.2 61.3
October 30.9 13.9 29.3 54.9
November 25.4 7.5 17.8 59.6
December 19.7 3.4 37.3 65.0
Annual 28.6 14.1 1142.1 55.8
Source: District Census Report, Islamabad 1998
Figure 4.3: Relative Humidity in the Study Area (1998)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 4.4: Average Rainfall in the Project Area (1998)
4.1.4 Hydrology and Drainage

Nullah Lai starts from Margalla hills in Islamabad. There are several tributaries of
Nullah Lai, three major tributaries (Saidpur Kas, Tenawali Kas, and Bedarawali Kas)
in the administrative jurisdiction of Islamabad. These tributaries originate from the
Margalla Hills and fall into the Nullah Lai just upstream from Katarian Bridge on I.J.
Principal Road, which is also the administrative boundary between Islamabad and
Rawalpindi cities.
Nullah Lai basin drains a total area of 235 km2 south of Margalla Hills, with 70% of
the watershed falling within the territory of Islamabad and the remaining 30% within
the downstream Rawalpindi municipal and cantonment limits. Figure 4.5 describes
the Nullah Lai watershed in Rawalpindi-Islamabad conurbation. Stretching from the
Margalla hills in the federal capital Islamabad at north-western edge until the Soan
River at south- eastern edge in the District Rawalpindi the maximum length of the Lai
Nullah does not exceed 45 km.
The Korang River enters into the district near Chattar Park and joins the Soan River
near model village Humak. There is a famous lake and dam with a spillway known as
Rawal Lake and Rawal Dam respectively, built at this river providing portable water to
Rawalpindi city. Gumareh Kas stream originates from Murree hills at the district
boundary near village that joins river Soan after passing through
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 4.5: Lai Nullah Watershed in Rawalpindi-Islamabad Conurbation

Source: Mustafa, D. 2005. “The Production of an Urban Hazardscape in Pakistan: Modernity,
Vulnerability, and the Range of Choice”. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
4.1.5 Natural Hazard Vulnerability

The proposed project site is exposed to two main natural hazards such as flooding
and earthquakes due to its geographical location
a) Seismology
Horizontal and vertical seismic forces transmitted to the support structures by the
ground during earthquake may cause extremely high mechanical stress to
engineering structures as well as roads, seismic adaptation which is primarily related
to the appropriate design of support structures and connections between the units.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
The project area is located in Seismic Zone 2B, where 2B represents peak horizontal
ground acceleration from 0.16 to 0.24g. Figure 4.6 shows the seismic zoning map of
Punjab indicating thatproject area isfalling under Seismic Zone-2B
Figure 4.6: Seismic Zoning Map of Punjab

b) Floods
The Nullah Lai originating from the Margalla Hills in Islamabad passes through the
city of Rawalpindi and finally falls into the River Soan which is the tributary of the
River Indus. Floods in the Nullah Lai basin occur in the monsoon season (July to
September each year) when downpour starts as a result of three systems i.e.
monsoon depressions from the Bay of Bengal India (the most dominate system),
westerly waves from the Mediterranean Sea and seasonal low from the Arabian Sea.
Snow melting is another phenomenon which takes place in the summer season and
contributes to flooding. Also, the catchment slopes are steep which give rise to flashy
and sharp peaked flood flows through the Nullah. The disposal of solid waste is one
of the major factors reducing the capacity of Nullah and thereby causing flooding.
Extreme floods were recorded in the years 1944, 1957, 1966, 1970, 1972, 1976,
1977, 1978, 1981, 1985, 1988, 1990, 1994, 1995, 1996,1997,2001,2002, 2003, 2008,
2012 & 2013. Among those, the floods in the years 1981, 1988, 1997, and 2001 were
the worst, which could not be predicted in timely manner.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
The low lying areas along the Nullah Lai and the tributaries suffer heavy losses even
from the small floods in the Area. Serious floods occur between Ganj Mandi Bridge
and Railway crossing bridge along the Nullah Lai and the localities along the tributary
of Arya Nullah and Dhoke Ratta Nullah. Originating from Margalla Hills, the total
length of Nullah Lai is 45 km only, thus, allowing very little time for any flood warning
in the municipal limits of the twin cities. The location of Islamabad (in the upland area)
is a major factor contributing to floods downstream coupled with its decreased water
absorption capacity.
On 23rdJuly 2001, the floods generated by the Nullah Lai caused heavy loss of life
and damage to property in the cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The flood was the
largest and heaviest ever recorded in the Nullah Lai and thus can be taken as a
national disaster. The floodwater in many localities reached 30-35 feet in a very short
span of time. This destroyed most of household items and left behind huge quantities
of mud, garbage and debris in the affected areas. The grocery shops, medical stores,
electricity and electronic stores, cloth and paper shops and grain market were
severely damaged. This left many once well off people as vulnerable and helpless.
Half of the Rawalpindi’s population and all katchi abadis of Islamabad suffered huge
losses. About 400,000 residents were affected in the twin cities, mainly people from
the poorest class. The death toll from the flood stood at seventy four, with sixty four of
the total fatalities in the city of Rawalpindi (downstream). The official estimate for the
damage from the flood was Rs.15 Billion (Mustafa, 2004).
The following measures were taken to manage flood in the aftermath of the above
incident:
 Straightening and widening of the Nullah Lai
 Stone pitching of some of the existing Nullah Lai portion to prevent erosion and
danger of collapse of building standing close to the Nullah catchment
 Removal of garbage disposal
 Raising the height of some of the existing bridges
Table 4.3 shows flood discharges at various locations along the Nullah Lai.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.3 Flood Discharge (in cusec) at Various Locations along Nullah Lai
Sr. Location Reaches Peak Flood Discharge
No. Avg-Yr 5-Yr 10-yr 25-yr 50-yr
1 Katarian Bridge 15522 22969 29457 35483 40882
2 Katarian to 8 +500 1400 15938 23561 30226 36368 41892
3 8+500 to Dhok Dalal Bridge 900 16205 23942 30721 36936 42541
4 Dhok Dala Bridge to Pir Wada Bridge 700 18933 28073 36242 43460 50110
5 Pir wadai to Gunj Mandi Bridge 800 19816 29369 37985 45543 52537
6 Gunj Mandi Bridge to Ratta Amral 800 21163 31444 40698 48794 56299
7 Ratta Amral to City Sadar Road Bridge 1000 21516 31944 41342 49538 57148
8 City Sardar Road Bridge to gawal mandi 900 21821 32377 41940 50220 57939
9 Gawal Mandi to foot bridge 600 22219 32962 42674 51119 58974
10 Foot Bridge to Murree Road underpass 400 22485 33352 43164 51718 59663
11 Murree Road Underpass to railway underpass 300 22684 33645 43531 52168 60181
12 Railway underpass to dhok charaghdin bridge 300 22883 33937 43898 52617 60698
13 dhok charaghdin bridge to chaklala 1800 23973 35519 45795 55007 63430
14 Chaklala to confluence 0 24964 37091 47862 57606 66473
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.1.6 Surface Water Quality

The main surface water source in the project area is the Nullah Lai. Nullah Lai
originating from the Margalla hills in Islamabad passes through the city of Rawalpindi
and flows into the River Soan. The Soan takes its rise from within a few kilometers of
Murree Hill station; it flows down the deep valley and passes close to Rawalpindi city
and finally joins the Indus 16 km below Makhad. The Nullah Lai has a number of
tributaries carrying storm-water flows and the wastewater from the residential,
commercial and industrial establishments. The summer rains begin in about second
week of July and end about in the beginning of September. This Nullah is also used
for disposal of solid waste, which not only contaminates water but also hinders its
smooth flow.
Table 4.4 shows surface water quality results of the project area.
Table 4.4: Surface Water Quality Monitoring (March, 2017)

Surface Water Source
Peshawar Mor (G-9)

Chowk Islamabad
G-11 Islamabad
Near Motorway
Dhok Warriach
Golra Chowk
Sr.
Islamabad
Parameters Unit NEQS

No.
1 Temprature NTU 26 27 25 26 26
2 PH 7.33 7.67 7.66

pH 6.97 7.24 6.0-9.0
unit
3 Color Pt-Co 98 28 6 40 20
4 OIL & GREASE mg/L 9.2 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 10.0
5 Solids, Total mg/L 276 604 572 178

360 3500
Dissolved(TDS)
Solids, Total
6 Suspended mg/L 110 62 35 48 16 200
(TSS)
7 COD mg/L 424 88 48 144 74 150
Detergents,
8 mg/L <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 20.00
Anionic
Phenols, Total
9 (Phenolic mg/L <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 00.10
Compounds)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
10 Chlorine (Total) mg/L <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.00
11 (BOD 5 ) @ 32 19 43 28
mg/L 237 80.0
200C
12 Cyanide CN mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 01.0
13 Fluoride F mg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 10.0
14 Sulfate (So 4 -2) mg/L 60.09 46.09 94.66 63.38 28.21 600.0
15 NH 3 mg/L 49.25 <5.0 <5.0 33.92 <5.0 40.00
16 Chloride mg/L 120.53 28.92 42.42 55.92 12.53 1000.0
17 Sulphide (S-2) mg/L 2.56 1.79 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 01.00
18 Arsenic(As) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 1.0
19 Barium (Ba) mg/L 0.52 0.039 0.064 0.052 0.016 1.5
20 Boron (B) mg/L 0.036 0.039 0.042 0.010 0.019 6.00
21 Cadmium (Cd) mg/L <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.1
22 Chromium (Cr) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 01.0
23 Copper (Cu) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 01.0
24 Iron (Fe) mg/L 0.12 0.22 0.044 0.13 0.17 8.00
25 Lead (Pb) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 0.50
Manganese
26 mg/L 0.19 0.013 <0.005 0.045 <0.005 01.50
(Mn)
27 Nickle (Ni) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 01.0
28 Selenium (Se) mg/L 0.005 <0.005 0.008 0.011 <0.005 0.50
29 Silver (Ag) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 01.00
30 Zinc (Zn) mg/L 0.013 <0.005 0.009 0.011 0.005 ≤0.001
31 Mercury (Hg) mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.01
32 Chloro mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.15

Pesticides
# = Results are pending
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Wastewater samples collected from project area, show higher concentrations for
COD, BOD, NH 3 and Sulfide when comparing with NEQS standards.
4.1.7 Groundwater Quality

The municipal water supply is the main source of water supply in the project area.
Depth of groundwater table ranges from 40 to 60 meters. For establishing baseline
conditions, groundwater samples were collected. Samples were analyzed in the
laboratory for microbiological and chemical parameters. The summary of test results
is shown in Table 4.5.
Table 4.5: Groundwater Quality Monitoring (March, 2017)
Groundwater Source NEQS
Peshawar Mor (G-9)

Chowk Islamabad
G-11 Islamabad
Near Motorway
Dhok Warriach
Golra Chowk
Sr. Islamabad
Parameters Unit
No.
1
Turbidity NTU <1.0 2.0 2.0 <1.0 1.0 <5NTU
2
PH pH unit 7.41 7.61 7.52 7.40 7.62 6.5-8.5
3 Pt-Co <5.0
Color <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 ≤15TCU
Non Non Non Non Non
4 - Objection Objecti Objecti Objecti Objecti
Odor
able onable onable onable onable
Non
Non Non Non Non
5 _ Objecti
Taste Objection Objecti Objecti Objecti
able onable onable onable onable
Solids, Total
6 mg/L
Dissolved(TD 531 567 615 528 632.5 <1000
S)
Hardness,
7 mg/L
Total as 356 320 396 368 292 <500
Caco 3
Nitrate(No 3 ),
8 mg/L 24.33 32.86 ≤50
Nitrogen 35.74 21.62 32.30
Nitrite(No 2 ),
9 mg/L <0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 <0.01 ≤3
Nitrogen
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
10 Cyanide (CN) mg/L <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 ≤0.05
11 44.36
Chloride mg/L 32.78 40.49 25.07 42.42 <250
Chlorine(Resi
12 mg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
dual)
13 <1.0
Fluoride F mg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 ≤1.5
Phenols, Total
14 (Phenolic mg/L <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0
Compounds)
15 Arsenic(As) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.05
16 Antimony(Sb) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.005
17 mg/L 0.046 0.060 0.038 0.024 ≤0.2

Aluminium (Al) 0.16
18 mg/L 0.047 0.078 0.034 0.030 0.7

Barium (Ba) 0.042
19 mg/L 0.041 0.030 0.024 0.086 0.3

Boron (B) 0.025
20 mg/L <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 0.01

Cadmium (Cd) <0.003
Chromium
21 mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.05
(Cr)
22 Copper (Cu) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 2
23 mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.05

Lead (Pb)
Manganese
24 mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.5
(Mn)
25 Nickel (Ni) mg/L <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 ≤0.02
26 mg/L 0.006 0.006 0.010 0.009 0.01

Selenium (Se) 0.006
27 mg/L 0.020 0.010 0.008 5.0

Zinc (Zn) 0.010 0.18
28 mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 ≤0.001

Mercury (Hg) <0.001
29 Chloro mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001

Pesticides
CFU/10 0CFU/10
30 Total TNTC Absent Absent TNTC
0ml TNTC 0ml
Coliforms
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fecal CFU/10 0CFU/10

31 36 Absent Absent 2
Coliforms 0ml 8 0ml
(E.coli)
Total five drinking water samples were collected from project area, all results for all
water samples were found within the limits as per NEQS standards.
4.1.8 Ambient Air Quality
The ambient air quality was monitored for priority pollutants such as CO, NO 2 , SO 2
and PM 10 .The monitoring period was 24 hours at each sampling point. The results
obtained are tabulated under Table 4.6.
Table 4.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (March 2017)
Avg. Obtained Conc.
Peshawar
Warraich
Parameter Unit Duration NEQs
Police
Golra
Dhok
G-11
Morr
Morr
Near
Line
Limits
NO 2 μg/m3 24 hours # # # # # 80
SO 2 μg/m 3
24 hours # # # # # 120
CO μg/m 3
24 hours 2.24 1.55 1.36 1.11 0.91 5
PM 10 μg/m3 24 hours 21.23 44.77 32.25 40.46 61.12 150
PM 2.5 μg/m3 24 hours 4.68 4.29 3.07 4.69 3.96 35
O3 μg/m3 24 hours <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 130
TSP μg/m3 24 hours 31.1 46.83 41.58 45.67 89.18 500
Lead (Pb) μg/m3 24 hours # # # # # 1.5
All the parameters analyzed are within the NEQS.
4.1.9 Noise Level

Noise levels were monitored with the help of Noise Level Meter for twenty four (24)
hours with an interval of one hour. The minimum and maximum noise levels
observed at the given locations are tabulated under Table4.7.
Table 4.7: Noise Levels Measurement (March, 2017)
Noise Level
Location
Minimum Maximum
Peshawar Morr 45.7 61.4
Golra Chowk 56.6 69.3
G-11 47.6 72.9
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Near Police Line 45.2 58.9

Dhok Warriach 42.3 52.8
The results of all the parameters analyzed i.e. surface water quality, ground water
quality, ambient air and noise monitoring are attached as Annex-II.
4.1.10 Land Use Pattern

The MBS starts from Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA)
via Golra Chowk, and GT Road Interchange on N-5. Land use of the project area is
partly commercial and partly residential with many educational, health and
recreational facilities. Educational institutes are; Nust, Fast & International Islamic
University and Al-Huda.
4.2 Ecological Resources

As climate of Islamabad is humid sub-tropical climate, the vegetation of the area falls
under scrub, dry, tropical thorn forest type as per phyto-geographical classification of
the area.
4.2.1 Flora
Flora of the tract consists of low forests of branchy trees forming a canopy, varying in
density from complete closure under the most favorable conditions to scattered
single trees or groups on the drier sites. The trees and shrubs are mostly and often
with thorny small evergreen leaves, but some like olive and pomegranate are without
thorns and have leaves of moderate size though with xerophytic features. Chir pine
trees are also found on higher altitudes on the northern slopes of Margalla Hills.
Vegetation of Islamabad has been described as subtropical, dry, broad leaved

forests as per categorization of forest types by Mr. Mahmood Iqbal Shaikh. (Forests
and Forestry in Pakistan, 1997).
As the area is part of Pothohar Plateau, the vegetation is characteristic of the tract.
Kau ( Olea cuspidate) is the climax species.It grows almost in pure form on northern
slopes and in cool and sheltered situations on the southern slopes.
Elsewhere Phulahi (Acacia modesta) dominates. Sanatha (Deodonia viscosa),

Granda (Carissa spinatum) and Pataki (Gymnosporea royaleana) grow as secondary
species.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the shifting of Capital to Islamabad and urbanization of the tract, the majority of
original vegetation of the tract was removed and replaced by commercial and
residential hubs.
a) Trees
Sternous efforts have been made during the past to make the Islamabad green by
planting trees all along the roads and in open spaces. These efforts were successful
in increasing the vegetational cover of Islamabad and especially the surrounding
hills.
However during the past a fast growing evergreen treespecies Paper

Mulberry(Broussanatia papyrifera) was also introduced in the city, which now
occupies most of the vacant land and green belts, along the Kashmir Highway and its
surrounding area has not only altered the edaphic characteristics but has also
caused dust allergies and asthma among Islamabad residents.
This species is most common along the streams and nullahs of Islamabad, including
the study area. Another undesirable tree species planted along the roads and in open
places was Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis). At present this plant is being
discouraged on account of its higher water suction capabilities and for causing
setback to soil fertility.
Types of trees, which have been raised along the 20.1 Kilometer length of Kashmir
Highway from Peshawar Mor to Motorway Interchange and in the study area, are
described below in Table-1. Owners of commercial and residential buildings along
the highway have also planted these trees in the open spaces of their buildings with
the active cooperation of CDAs environmental wing, which supplied these plants at
subsidized rates alongwith the technical guidance.
Table 4.8: Types of TreesRaised Along the Alignment

Sr. No. Local Name Scientific Name
1 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo
2 Sirris Albizzia lebbek
3 Phulahi Acacia modesta
4. Kikar Acacia nilotica
5. Sukh Chain Ponogamia glabra
6. Jacaranda Jacaranda ovalifolia
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sr. No. Local Name Scientific Name

7. Fiddlewood Citharexylum quadrang
8. Amaltas Cassia fistula
9 Citrus Citrus species
Trees Existing in the Project Area

Project area can conveniently be divided into 5 portions for assessment of trees.
Package -1A (0 to 942 Meters)

The alignment route of the proposed Metro Bus Service starts from a point, close to
the Sunday Bazar,located in the center of the eastern service road of Kashmir
Highway. ROW of the route is 4.65 meters on both sides of the median of the eastern
service road. This portion is the shortest and is only 942 meters in length, after which
the alignment takes a curve towards Kashmir Highway and becomes close to the
main road i.e. Kashmir Highway. Here, mostly ornamental plants grown in the
median of the service road or on the extreme eastern side of the service road are
affected. Numbers of effected ornamental plants including climbers, which are mostly
2 to 4 years old are estimated to be 125. Only 3 shisham trees(Dalbergia sissoo),
exist in the median line and shall be affected. Nearly 10 trees shall be affected,
along the extreme eastern side of the service road. These trees are mostly 5 to 10
years old and include Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), Toot (Morua alba) and Sirris
(Albizzia lebbek)
Package - 1B (942 to 8000 Meters)

This portion of the proposed MBS route runs parallel and close to the eastern end of
Kashmir Highwayupto a point close to upper side of Golra Morr and including the
curve it takes to reach median line of the Highway and its total length is 7058 meters
.Stretch of the proposed route from 1 to 3.5 Kilometers has dense vegetation of
Paper Mulberry and a few other species like Phulahi and Shisham. From 3.5 to 5
Kilometer, where the vegetation is of medium density, whereas from 5 to 8
Kilometers, the type of vegetation changes from paper mulberry to scrub forests,
consisting of bushes such as Phulahi(Acacia modesta) and others. Based on the
physical counting done by Nespak survey team, personal observation and random
checking, it has been estimated that nearly 510 trees, mostly consisting of Paper
mulberry and followed by Shisham. Phulahi and Kikar shall be effected in this portion.
Detailed description of these trees is given below in Table 4.9.
Table 4.9: Description of Trees in Package-I
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
S.No Type of Scientific Name Percentage Approximate Average

Trees Number Age years
1 Paper Broussanatia 50% 255 5 to 20
Mulberry papyrifera
2 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo 30% 153 5 to 15
3 Phulahi Acacia modesta 10% 51 5 to 110
4 Kikar Acacia nilotica 5% 25 10 to 15
5 Others 5% 26 5 to 20
Package-2 (8000 to 11800 Meters)

Portion-2 extends from Golra Morr to GT. Road and is 3800 meters long. Trees were
counted in this portion and these are estimated as 71. These trees are mostly of
Shisham(Dalbergia sissoo),Eucalyptus(eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sirris (albizzia
lebbek) and Ber (Zizyphus jujube). In addition to these trees, there are nearly 230
ornamental plants, grown iun the median line. The Detail is given below in Table
4.10.
Table 4.10: Description of Trees in Package-II
S.No Type of Scientific Name Percentage Approximate Average
Trees Number Age years
1 Paper Broussanatia 21% 15 5 to 20
Mulberry papyrifera
2 Shisham Dalbergia sissoo 50% 36 5 to 15
3 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus 10% 12 5 to 110
camaldulensis
4 Sirris Albizzia lebbek 5% 3 10 to 15
5 Others 5% 4 5 to 20
Portion-3 (11800 TO 20100 Meters)

This portion is 8.3 Kilometers in length and runs from GT Road to Motorway
Islamabad Interchange. Alignment of the MBS route is in the middle of the road in
this portion, whereas Kashmir Highway shall be extended on both sides. Here no tree
cutting is involved as the extended ROW of the KHW9Kashmir Highway) is already
clear.
Portion -4 (20100 To 25600 Meters)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
This 5.6 Kilometer long portion of KHW is uned construction, earthwork is being
carried out at a brisk speed. Trees coming in the ROW have already been removed
by the NLC contractors. However few trees, approximately 20 in number still exist
near the village Dhok Waraich of Pind Ranjha as this part of the road is yet to be
worked out.. These trees are of Kikar(Acacia nilotica),Sirris (Albizzia lebbek),
Ber(Zizyphus jujube) etc and are 10 to 20 years old.
. b) Shrubs and Herbs

Shrubs and herbs deserved in the nullah beds and in open lands of the Study Area
for the project are given in Table 4.11.
Table 4.11: Details of Shrubs and Herbs found in Study Area

S.No. Local Name Scientific Name
1. Lantana Lantana camera
2. Gand Booti Parthenium heterophorous
3. Bhang Cannabis sativa
4. Phog Calligonium polygonoides
5. Bhekar Adatoda vasica
6. AK Calatropis procera
7. Malla Zizyphus nummularia
8. Nara Aroundo donax
9. Sanatha Deadonia viscose
10. Pataki Gymnosporea royleana
11. Arind Ricinus communis
Out of the above mentioned shrubs, Pathenium heterophorous is an exotic species

and has spread in Islamabad’s open places at an alarming rate. At present, it has
formed thick pockets along roads, in open fields and along streams; it is perennial
weed and also causes severe allergy and breathing problems.
c) Grasses
Grasses commonly found on the berms of nullah, roads and in open places of the
Study Area for the project, include following species as given in the Table 4.12.
Table 4.12: Details of Grasses found in the Study Area
1. Khabbal Cynodon dactylon
2. American grass Ammophyla breviligulate
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Bhabhar Eulaliopsis binita
4. Kana Schharum munja
d) Endangered Flora
There are no endangered species of flora in the Study Area.
4.2.2 Fauna
Due to the extensive urbanization of the area and construction all around it, wild
animals have mostly migrated to the surrounding Margalla hills, but still wildlife such
as wild boar, jackals,, fox, rats, hare and porcupines are present in the extensive and
densely wooded green belts of the two intersecting road i.e. Kashmir Highway and
Islamabad Highway. Wild boars sometimes even come on the roads during the night
and get killed by the fast moving traffic on these roads.
Margalla hills, which surround the Study Area on the northern, western and eastern
sides, are within 10 km radius of the Project Area but are outside of Study Area.
These are the abode of several species of wildlife including monkeys, exotic birds
and carnivorous such as rare and presently endangered Marghalla Leopards.
Commonly found animals in Margalla hills include Rhesus monkeys, Jackals, Wild
boars, porcupine and mongoose.
Wild boars generally stay, close to hills, occasionally particularly in winter, when the
hills are cold, they can be seen quite far from Margalla hills. Often the boars will have
small hideouts in the green belts in and around the city.
a) Mammals
A list of mammals found in the Study Area is given below in Table 4.13:
Table 4.13: List of Mammals
1. Wild Boar Sus scorfa
2. Jackal Canis aureus
3. Fox Vulpus begalaisis
4. Squirrel Funambulus pennant
5. Mouse Mus masculus
6. Porcupine Hystrix indica
7. Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis
b) Reptiles
Reptiles are another group of wildlife, which mostly comprise snakes. There are
number of known species of snakes, such as Cobra (Naja naja), Russel’s viper and
Kraits (Bungarus caerueus), locally called as half minute killers. These snakes were
once common in the Study Area, but owing to large scale building construction in the
area, they have mostly shifted to nearby Margalla Hills, where they are found in and
around the hills, and densely wooded green belts of the Study Area are their
favourite abode. In addition to snakes, following reptiles (Table 4.14) have also been
reported by the locals:
Table 4.14: List of Reptiles

1. Spiny tailed Lizard Uromastix hardwickii
2. Fringed toed Lizard Acanthodactylus cantoris
3. Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis
c) Amphibians
Amphibians found in the Study Area and around include common frog (Rana tigrina)
and common toad (Bufo bufo).
d) Birds
Study Area, for the proposed project, surrounding Margalla Hills and Rawal Lake has
avifauna, which is not only plentiful, but diversified and colorful. During visits to the
Study Area, adjoining hills and Rawal Lake, many small and medium sized birds
flying from one tree to another or from one place to another were observed.
Birds like white cheeked bulbul, Chuckoo, hoopoe, were frequently, sighted and
always provided a soothing effect to the eyes in the Study Area and its surroundings.
Some important species of birds found in the Study Area are listed in Table 4.15:
Table 4.15: Birds Found in the Study Area
Sr.No. Common Name Scientific Name Period
1 House Sparrow Passer dpmesticus Year round
2 House Crow Corvus splendens Year round
3 Hoopoe Upupa epops Year round
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sr.No. Common Name Scientific Name Period

4 Common Mynah Acridotheris tristis Year round
5 White Checked Bulbul Pycnontus leucigenys March,April
6 Koel Eudynamys scolopacea March , April
7 Parrot Psittacula krameri Year round
8 Little Grebe Tacybaptus ruficolles Year round
9 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Oct to Dec
10 Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Nov to Feb
11 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Feb , May
12 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Jan to Mar,May
13 Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope March
14 Common teal Anas crecca Winter
15 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Winter
16 Pintal Anas acuta Winter
17 Northern Sholveler Anas clypeata March
18 Common Pochard Aythyn ferina Nov, Feb
19 Tufted duck Aythya fuligula Mar, June
20 Black Shoulder Kite Elanus cacruleus April
21 Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus March , April , August
22 Sparrow Hawk Accepitar nisus Feb, Sept, October
23 Shikra Accipiter badius April, May
24 Kestrel Falco tinnuculuc April. May
25 Black Psrtridge Francolinus francolinis July, Feb
26 Grey Pastridge Francolinus pondicerianus July ,Feb
27 Quail Coturnix colurnix Aug, Sep
28 Common Sand Piper Actitis hypoleucos March to May
29 Pigeon Columbia livia Jan to May
30 Collard Dove Streptopelia decacoto may
e) Endangered Fauna
Not long ago, mammals such as Leopards and Barking Deer were sighted in the
tract, frequently by the local villagers. However, with the establishment of capital and
urbanization of the tract, and the resulting loss of habitat, coupled with excessive
hunting, these mammals have been reduced to rarity. Similarly Gray Goral and
Pangolin have also been reduced to near extinction.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Amongst birds Chil pheasant, Kaleej pheasant and monals are endangered species
as per International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
list, however, they are not found in Study Area.
f) Migratory Birds – Rawal Lake

Rawal Lake, which is the only attraction for the migratory birds, is located close to the
project, within 10 km radius. It is a small artificial lake with surface area of 8.8 km2
and live storage capacity of 43,000 acre feet of water. The reservoir is of
considerable importance for migratory water fowls especially Mallard (Anas
pllatyrhynchos).
Owing to its similar size, migratory birds from Siberia prefer to stay at major wetlands
in Sindh or Southern Punjab. However, some residual birds also make a temporary
stay at Rawal lake.
These migratory birds include Herons, Ducks, Terns, Cormorants, Grebes, and
Storks.
Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP)

Margalla Hills National Park (MHNP), spread over an area of about 15,800 Hectares
is situated in northern, eastern and western sides of Islamabad. It includes Margalla
Hills, Rawal Lake and Shakarparian. It was given the status of National Park in 1980
after the Government recognized the growing threat of flora and fauna.
Despite being awarded the status of National Park, MHNP continues to face a
number of environmental problems, including illegal encroachments, stone quarries,
forest fires, fuel wood cutting, poaching, misuse of natural resources and other
problems such as littering and water pollution arising from tourism.
This park located in the foothills of Himalayan range is the most accessible park in
Pakistan, due to its close proximity to the national capital Islamabad.
The park was set up to provide refuge to the endangered wildlife such as Leopard,
Grey Goral, Barking Deer and pheasants like Chil Pheasant. Margalla hills add to the
beauty of Islamabad with a picturesque continuity and well laid out trails; these hills
provide excellent recreation to the foreigners and locals alike.
4.3 Social Environment
This section deals with the social conditions of the Project Area. During the desk/
office study, available reports/ documents were comprehensively studied. During the
field survey interviews with the shopkeepers, students, pedestrians, Advocates, staff
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
of NHA, EOAB, Police and educational institute, drivers (taxi, rickshaw,wagon etc.),
were held and observations were also recorded after giving due consideration during
survey.
4.3.1 Political and Administrative Setup

For an administrative system with judicial and administrative control over the
Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), the District Administration was established in 1980.
Accordingly, on January1, 1981 administrative functions were assumed by the
Federal Government with direct administration by the President and Islamabad
administration was assigned all the powers and functions of a Provincial
Government. The Local Government institutions in ICT area therefore are slightly
different from those of other districts in Pakistan.
The Capital Territory is spread over an area of 906 sq. km., and is divided into three
segments; namely, (i) Islamabad Urban area including institutional and industrial
area, covering 220 sq.km (ii) Islamabad Park occupying 220 sq.km, and (iii)
Islamabad Rural area measuring 466sq.km. The rural area of Islamabad
encompasses 132 villages and administratively consists of 12 Union Councils.
4.3.2 Demographic Characteristics of the Project Area

The total population of Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) was 8,05,235 as
enumerated in March, 1998 with an intercensal percentage of 136.8 since March,
1981 when it was 3,40,286 souls. The average growth rate was 5.19 per cent during
this period. The total areas of district is 906 kilometers which gives population density
of 889 persons per square kilometers as against 375 persons observed in 1981
indicating a very fast growth rate of ICT.
A. Rural and Urban Distributions

The urban population was 529,180 or 65.7 per cent of the total population of the
district which grew at an average rate of 5.7 per cent during 1981-98 which had
decreased from 12.3 per cent observed during 1972-81. There is no Municipal
Corporation/Committee, Cantonment, Town Committee etc. except Capital
Development Authority (CDA) created for development of the capital city.
There were 132 Mauzas (a smallest revenue unit) in 1998, of which 14 had
population over five thousand, 23 had two to five thousand, 30 had one to two
thousand, 37 had under one thousand but more than two hundred persons and 12
were un-inhabited.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. Religion
The population of district is predominantly Muslims i.e. 95.5 per cent. The next higher
percentage is of Christian with 4.1 points, followed by Ahmadi 3 per cent. While other
minorities like Hindu (jati), Scheduled castes etc. are very small in number. The
proportion of Muslims is higher in rural areas (98.8 per cent), as compared to their
counterparts in urban (93.8 per cent). Christians are mostly living in urban areas
representing 5.7 per cent as compared to just 0.9 per cent in rural areas. Similarly
Ahmadis are more in urban area as compared to their proportion in rural areas.
C. Ethnic Structure
For the study of ethnography Islamabad can be divided into two parts i.e. urban and
rural. In Islamabad city people belonging to almost all possible races and tribes of
Pakistan are living. Regarding people living in rural area, they are mostly Rajput. The
important sub-division are Bhatti, Rawal, Janjua and Chohan. Besides, Gujjar, Awan,
Mughal, Qureshi, Syed and Satti are also living there. Some of the other minor tribes
are the Jat, Malyar and Pathan and some Khattar.
D. Mother Tongue
The mother tongue refers to the language used for communication between parents
and their children in any household. Punjabi is the predominantly language being
spoken in Islamabad Capital Territory, representing 71.6 per cent of population
followed by Urdu spoken by 10.1 per cent, Pushto 9.5 per cent and Siraiki1.1 per
cent while others speak Sindhi Balochi,Bravi, Dari etc. The proportions of people
speaking Urdu, Sindhi, Pushto, Siraiki and other languages except Punjabi are more
in urban area than in rural areas.
E. Sex Ratio
Sex ratio, i.e. proportion of males for every 100 females, was 117 per cent recorded
in 1998 Census which had decreased from 119 in 1981. The ratio was 118 per cent
in rural area and 122 in urban area.
F. Migration
The total number of life time in-migrants in Islamabad Capital Territorywas 3, 97,731
or 49.4 per cent of population of the district. Of total life time in-migrants 312,640
persons were settled in Capital city. Of total district migrants 88.1 per cent came from
Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and KPK, 6.6 per cent from Azad Kashmir and Northern
areas while remaining 5.4 per cent Pakistani repatriated from other countries. There
is no single case of migrant whose birth place is not reported.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.4 Economic Conditions

A. Economical Active Population
The economically active population is defined here as the persons working, most of
the time during the year preceding the census date i.e. 5th March, 1998, looking for
work, laid off and un-paid family helpers assisting their family. The economically
active population as enumerated in the last census was 23.0 per cent of the total
population or 30.7 per cent of the population 10 years and over i.e., the population
exposed to the risk of entering the economically active life at any time. The formal
percentage is known as Crude Activity Rate (CAR) while the latter is known as
Refined Activity Rate (RAR). Of the total male population 39.5 per cent were
economically active, while 77 per cent not economically active, 25 per cent children
under 10 years, 13 per cent students, 33 per cent domestic workers while 6 per cent
were land lords, property owners, retired persons, disabled etc. the participation rate
is higher in the urban area as compared to people living in rural area.
B. Unemployment
Unemployment rate is measured as ratio of looking for work and laid off in total
employed population comprising those looking for work, laid off and un-paid family
helpers, generally representing in percentage. The unemployment rate in Islamabad
Capital Territory was 15.7 per cent which was mainly due to unemployment among
male representing 16.8 per cent. Female employment rate was just 1.7 per cent. This
is because of their small proportion in their total proportion. The unemployment rate
was almost three times higher in rural as compared to urban areas representing 28.7
and 10.1 per cent respectively.
C. Occupations
Majority of the population of the Project area is working in different Government
Departments such as Agricultural department, Passport office, Higher Education
Commission office, etc as well as private offices like Banks, mobile offices, some
people are also running their own small level businesses like hotels & restaurants,
medical stores, health clinics, departmental stores, etc.
D. Industry
In order to meet local requirement, C.D.A., has allotted 450 Industrial plots in I-9, I-10
Sectors of Islamabad and Kahuta Triangle. The city has 11 main markets in addition
to Industrial and Trade Centre as well as Blue area. Fecto Cement Factory is also
situated near the Margallah hills and 9 stone crusher units are also functioning within
the limits of Islamabad.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.5 Communication
The road network in the urban area of Islamabad is designed to provide an effective
transportation system to servers of all sector of city. It consists of various
specifications, such as highways, main roads and service roads. Islamabad is linked
to the NWD /STD systems and gate-way exchange system for rapid and quick
internal as well as external communication.
A. Railways
Islamabad has also been linked by railway line at Margallah, situated between Sector
I-9 and H-9.
B. Airport
Islamabad has an international airport with good domestic and international
connections. It is directly linked with Middle East, Europe and China.
4.6 Educational Facilities

Islamabad has three universities Quaid–e-Azam University, Allama Iqbal Open
University and International Islamic University. There are two campuses of
Hamdarad University, Karachi, Sindh and Al-Khair University Muzaffarabad, AJK. In
addition to that there are 07 Degree Colleges, 13 Higher Secondary, 79 High
Schools, 46 Middle and 216 Primary Schools. There are additional 14 Islamabad
Model Colleges.
4.7 Health Facilities

The major health facilities available in the District are Federal Government Services
Hospital, Capital Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Children
Hospital, National Institute of Health and Shifa International Hospital. Besides, 35
(ICT) Dispensaries, Maternal Child Hospital (MCH), 03 Rural Health Centers and 13
Basic Health Units in rural area are functioning day and night. The health network of
ICT seems to be satisfactory as compared with other areas of the country.
Likewise, PIMS hospital and Basic level private health facilities are also available in
the communities along the project area.
4.8 Archeological and Cultural Property/ Places of Interest
The most common physical and cultural heritage of Islamabad Capital Territory and
project area is discussed as following:
i) Shrine
There is a shrine of Syed Mehar Ali Shah of Golra Sharif is located in Sector E-11 of
Islamabad. Devotees assemble here on the occasion of annual Uris. Another famous
shrine is Shah Abdul Latif Kazmiis popularly known as Bari Imam. The death
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
anniversary (Uris) of Bari Imam is observed in the first week of May beginning
Monday through Thursday with lot of festivities representing the Potohar culture and
attracts people from all over the country.
ii) Mosques
There is beautiful Shah FaisalMosque was designed by a renowned Turkish
Architect, Vedat Dalokay and named after late King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.
There arealso small roadside mosques including Jamia Masjeed Rehman, Jamia
Masjeed Siddique-e-Akbar, etc along the entire stretch of the Project route.
4.9 Impact Assessment Survey of the Project Area

The information regarding impact assessment is derived from primary data collection.
A social survey was carried out in the project area to identify the impacts and their
magnitudes on the affected population. A sample of 280 respondents was taken on
the basis of random sampling technique, which included shop keepers, pedestrians,
drivers, govt employees and students etc. The purpose of this survey was to get
response about the perceived impacts and preferences towards the project
implementation.
4.10. Survey Findings

Detailed findings of the survey comprising of different parameters are discussed in
the following section.
4.10.1 Demographic Characteristics.

a) Gender Ratio of the Respondent
Total 280 respondents were contacted, comprising of 93% males and 07% females.
Efforts were made to include the majority of the population in the sample and contact
the maximum population during the survey. Table 4.16 shows Gender ratio of the
respondents interviewed.
Table 4.16: Gender Ratio of the Respondents
Sr. No. Gender Ratio Number Percentage
1 Male 260 93
2 Female 20 7
Total 280 100
The pie chart given below reflects the Gender distribution in the proposed project
area.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Gender Ratio
7%
Male
93% Female
Figure 4.7: Gender Ratio of the Respondents
b) Age
The demographic characteristics of the sample survey show Table 4.17 that 34% of
the respondents were 15 to 25 years of age. 31% of the respondents were aged 25 –
35 years, 22% were 35 – 45 years and 13% were more than 45& above years of age.
These figures show that by and large respondents were mature enough to give their
opinion about the construction of MBS and foresee its impacts.
Table 4.17: Age Composition of the Respondents

Sr. No. Frequency Distribution Number Percentage
34
95
1 15 – 25
31
88
2 25 – 35
22
61
3 35 – 45
13
36
4 45 and above
Total 280 100
The pie chart given below, (Figure 4.8) reflects the age composition of the
respondents
Percentage of Age Composition of the

Respondents
13%
34% 15 – 25
22%
25 – 35
31% 35 – 45
45 and above
Figure 4.8: Age Composition of the Respondents
c) Education
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Education distribution of the respondents is shown in Table 4.18. From the data
presented in the table it is clear that 35%& 09%of respondents were educated up to
intermediate and above level respectively. 15% persons of the respondents were
illiterate,15% persons of the respondents were primary, 09% were with middle
schooling, 16% were educated up to metric level and 09% were intermediate.
Table 4.18: Educational Level of the Respondents.

Sr. No.Educational Level Number Percentage
1 Illiterate 43 15
2 Primary 42 15
3 Middle 25 9
4 Metric 46 16
5 Intermediate 26 9
6 Inter above 98 35
Total 280 100
The pie chart given below shows the educational level of the respondents.
(Figure 4.9)
Percentage of Educational Level of the

Respondents
Illiterate
Primary
15%
35% Middle
15%
Matric
9%
9% Intermediate
17%
Inter above
Figure 4.9: Educational Level of the Respondents

d) Marital Status
The marital status of the sampled respondents was also inquired during the survey.
About 60% of the respondents were married and only 40% were unmarried. Details
are given in Table 4.19.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.19: Marital Status of the Respondents
Sr. No. Marital Status Number Percentage
1 Married 167 60
2 Un-Married 113 40
Total 280 100
The pie chart given below shows the marital status of the respondents.
(Figure 4.10)
Percentage of Marital Status in the

Project Area
40%
Married
60%
Un-Married
Figure 4.10: Marital status of the Respondents

e) Occupation
About 28% of the respondents were businessmen/ shop owners, 10% were
drivers,19% were laborer workers, 14% were govt employees, 22% were students,
04% were private job and 3% related to different job like doctor, advocate etc.Detail
is given in (Table 4.20).
Table 4.20: Occupations of the Respondents
Sr. No. Profession Numbers Percentage
1 Businessmen/ shopkeepers 79 28
2 Drivers 28 10
3 Labour/Workers 54 19
4 Govt.Employee 39 14
5 Student 62 22
6 Private Job 10 4
7 Any Other 8 3
Total 280 100
The occupational distribution of the respondents is given below in the form of pie
chart (Figure 4.11).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Profession
Businessmen/
4% 3% shopkeepers
Drivers
28%
22% Labour/Workers
Govt.Employee
10%
14%
Student
19%
Private Job
Any Other
Figure 4.11: Occupational Distribution of the Respondents

f) Religion
Respondents were asked about their religion status during the survey. Significant
number of the respondents i.e.98 percent were reported their religion Islam. While
2% were non-Muslim.
Table 4.21: Religion of Respondents
Sr.No. Religion Numbers Percentage
1 Muslim 275 98
2 Non Muslim 5 2
Total 280 100
Religion of Respondents in the

Project Area
2%
98%
Muslim
Non Muslim
Figure 4.12: Graphical View of Religion of Respondents
g) Ethnic Structure
The most important ethnic groups were found in project area as given below in
Table 4.16. The data presented in table shows that Pathan were 31 percent,
followed by Abbasi, Ansari, Arian, Awan, Balouch, Butt, Christian, gujjar, hindco,
Jutt, Kamboo, Marathi, Mughal, Rajpoot, Syed, Sheikh and Samroo , were ,
02,03,09,13,01,01,01,04,08,01,09,06,05,01,09 06,05 &01 percent respectively and
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
05% gave no response. Total sampled respondents as reflected are given in Figure
4.13 below;
Table 4.22: Ethnic Structure
Sr.No. Ethnic Group Number Percentage
1 Abbasi 5 2
2 Pathan 88 31
3 Ansari 7 3
4 Arian 25 9
5 Awan 35 13
6 Balouch 4 1
7 Butt 4 1
8 Christian 2 1
9 Gujjar 12 4
10 Hindu 1 0
11 Jutt 22 8
12 Kambo 1 0
13 Marathi 1 0
14 Mughal 2 1
15 Rajpoot 26 9
16 Syed 16 6
17 Sheikh 13 5
18 Sumro 2 1
19 Not Response 14 5
Total 280 100
Ethnic Group Abbasi

Pathan
Ansari
5% 1% 2% Arian
6% Awan
5% Balouch
31% Butt
9% Christian
Gujjar
0%1%
0% Hindu
8%
Jutt
Kambo
9% Marathi
13% Mughal
0% 3%
4% Rajpoot
1% 1% 1%
Figure 4.13: Graphical View of Ethnic Structure of Respondents
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
h) Languages
Punjabi is the language being spoken by majority of the population of the Project
area. It was reported that 86% of the respondents speak Punjabi as their mother
language while 06% respondents speak Urdu language. The respondents who
speak Pashto were 08 percent of the total sampled respondents, as shown in
Table 4.23.The graphical representation of language spoken in the project area is
depicted in Figure 4.14 below;
Table 4.23: Languages spoken in Project Area
Sr. No. Language Numbers Percentage
1 Punjabi 18 6
2 Urdu 22 8
3 Urdu, English 61 22
4 Urdu, English, Punjabi 5 2
5 Punjabi, Urdu, Hindko 9 3
6 Pashto, Urdu 79 28
7 Urdu, Punjabi 80 29
8 Sindhi 6 2
Total 280 100
Language spoken in the Project Area
Punjabi
2%
6%
8%
29%
Urdu
22%
Urdu, E
28%
nglish
2%
3%
Figure 4.14: Graphical View of Languages Spoken by Respondents
i) Family Structure
Of the total sampled population 33 percent were living in joint family system where
grandparents are also living under same roof and 67 percent respondents reported
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
as nuclear family system; whereas, 01 percent gave no response. The figures are
shown in Table 4.24 blow;
Table 4.24: Family Structure

Sr.No. Family System Numbers Percentage
1 Joint 92 33
2 Nuclear 187 67
3 Not Response 1 0
Total 280 100
Family System in the Project Area
0%
Joint
33%
Nuclear
67%
Not Response
Figure 4.15: Graphical View of Family System of Respondents

4.10.2 Socio-Economic Characteristics
a) Average Working Hours of the Respondents
The respondents were associated with various professions such as business/ shop
owners, office workers, drivers, teachers and doctors. 46% of the people interviewed
were working for 1 to 6 hours daily, 39% for 8 to12 hours while 08% of the
respondents were those people who were working up to 13 hours and above on a
routine basis like hotel owners and drivers etc.whereas 07 percent gave no
response.The detail is shown inTable 4.25.
Table 4.25: Average Working Hours of the Respondents
Sr.No Working Hours Numbers Percentage
1 1-8 128 46
2 8-12 110 39
3 13 & Above 22 8
4 Not Response 20 7
Total 280 100
In the pie chart (Figure 4.16), the Average working hours of various respondents are
shown below.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Average Working Hours

7%
8% 0-8
46% 8-12
13 & Above
39%
Not Response
Figure 4.16: Average Working Hours of the Respondents

b) Income Level of the Respondents
From the Table 4.20, it is clear that majority of the respondents 24%fall in the income
group of 10000- 20,000, 23% belong to income group of 20,000 to 30,000 and 20%
of the respondents were earning their monthly income below Rs.10, 000. 15%
respondents were earning 30000-40000 and 18% were those whose income level
above 40000.The detail is shown in (Table 4.26).
Table 4.26: Average Monthly Income of the Respondents
Sr. No. Average Monthly Income Number Percentage
1 less than 10,000 55 20
2 10,000 – 20,000 66 24
3 20,000 – 30,000 65 23
4 30,000-40,000 43 15
5 Above 40,000 51 18
Total 280 100
In the pie chart Figure 4.17, the income groups of various respondents are shown
below.
Average Monthly Income of the

Respondents
less than 10,000
18% 20%
10,000 – 20,000
15% 24% 20,000 – 30,000

23% 30,000-40,000
Above 40,000
Figure 4.17: Average Monthly Income of Various Respondents

c) Average Monthly Expenditures
About 09% reported their monthly expenditure less than 10000, 32 percent
respondents reported their monthly average expendituresbetween the ranges of
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
10000- 20,000 and those that have their expenses between the ranges of 20,000 to
30,000 were 25 percent and thosethat have their expenses between the ranges of
30,000 to 40,000 were 14 percent and 20 percent was bearing their expenses above
40,000. The graphical view of average monthly expenditures has shown in Figure
4.18 below
Table 4.27: Average Monthly Expenditures of the Respondents
Sr. No. Average Monthly Expenditures Number Percentage
1 less than 10,000 24 9
2 10,000 – 20,000 90 32
3 20,000 – 30,000 71 25
4 30,000-40,000 40 14
5 Above 40,000 55 20
Total 280 100
Average Monthly Expenditures of the

Respondents
20% 9% less than 10,000

10,000 – 20,000
32%
14%
20,000 – 30,000
30,000-40,000
25%
Above 40,000
Figure 4.18: Graphical View of Monthly Expenditures of Various Respondents
d) Housing Ownership Status

Sampled respondents were asked about their housing ownership status in order to
know their level of living standard as reflected in Table 4.28. Majority of respondents
i.e. 91 percent were living in their own houses while 09 percent wereliving in rented
houses. Figure 4.19 is about graphical presentation of housing ownership status of
respondents.
Table 4.28: Housing Ownership Status
Sr.No. Type of Ownership of House Number Percentage

1 Owner 256 91
2 Renter 24 9
Total 280 100
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Type of Ownership of House

9%
Owner
91% Renter
Figure 4.19: Graphical view about Ownership Status of Respondents
e) Housing Construction Pattern

A large number of the respondents 80 percent live in Pacca houses that are
constructed with superior materials and workmanship while 18 percent respondents
have Semi pacca houses that are houses made of bricks masonry with mud mortar.
The remaining 01% of the respondents lives in katcha houses. Table 4.29 shows the
house construction type. Construction pattern of houses in project area is shown in
Figure 4.20 below;
Table 4.29: Type of the Construction of Houses
Sr.No. Type of House Number Percentage
1 Pacca 225 80
2 Semi Pacca 51 18
3 Katcha 4 1
Total 280 100
Type of House
2%
18%
Pakka
Semi Pakka
80%
Katcha
Figure 4.20: Graphical View of Type of House of Respondents
4.10.3 Civic Amenities.

a) Sources of Domestic Water
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.30 shows the source of water for domestic usage. The respondents 21%
were enjoying public water supply, 71% respondents were depending on bore water,
04% using hand pump water and 04% were using other source of water like water
filtration plant or mineral water etc. detail is given in table 4.24.
Table 4.30: Sources of Domestic Water
Sr. No. Water Supply Source Number Percentage
1 Tap Water/Govt Water Supply 59 21
2 Bore Water 199 71

3 Hand Pump 12 4
4 Any Other 10 4
Total 280 100
In the pie chart Figure 4.21, different sources of drinking water in the project area is
shown
Source of Water Supply In The Project

Area
4% 4% Tap Water/Govt
Water Supply
21%
Bore Water
71% Hand Pump
Any Other
Figure 4.21: Different Sources of Water Supply in the Project Area

b) Satisfaction about Quality of Water
Table 4.31 shows the current situation of the water quality in the project area.
Majority of the respondents 86% were satisfied with the quality of water available in
the project area .Whereas 14% respondents were not satisfied with the quality of
water, due to hard and brackish water.
Table 4.31: Quality of Water
Sr. No. Satisfaction with Quality of Water Number Percentage
1 Yes 242 86
2 No 38 14
Total 280 100
In the pie chart (Figure 4.22), shows the level of satisfaction for drinking water quality
of the area by the respondents.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Satisfaction with Quality of Water

14%
Yes
86% No
Figure 4.22: Level of Satisfaction of Domestic water Supply

c) Basic Amenities in the Project Area
The situation of available basic amenities in the project area including Electricity,
Natural Gas, Water Supply, Telephone, and Sewerage is depicted in Table 4.32.It
shows that 100 percent of respondents have only the facility of electricity and who
have combination of electricity & gas was 01 percent of the sampled population.
While, all kind of facilities like electricity/gas/water supply/Telephone was being
enjoyed by 78% respondents.Figure 4.23 isabout graphical view of basic amenities
in the project area.
Table 4.32: Availability of Basic Amenities
Sr.
Availability of Basic Amenities Yes Percentage
No.
1 Electricity 29 10
2 Electricity&Gas 4 1
3 Electricity & sewerage 13 5
4 Electricity,Gas&Sewerage 10 4
5 Electricity,Gas,Sewerage &Telephone 7 3
Electricity,Gas,Sewerage, Telephone&water
217 78
6 supply
Total 280 100
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Avaiability of Basic Amenities
Electricity
1%
10% 5% 4%
2% Electicty&Gas
78%
Electricity &
sewerage
Figure 4.23: Graphical view of Basic Amenities in the Project Area
d) Landholding Status
Land ownership status of the respondent given in Table 4.33 depicts that 89 percent
respondents were those who were not engages with agriculture, whereas 11 percent
sampled respondents were engage with agriculture. Figure 4.24 is graphical view of
land holding status of respondents in project area.
Table 4.33: Landholding Status
Sr.No. Land Holding in Acers Number Percentage

1 Yes 30 11
2 No 250 89
Total 280 100
Land Holding in Acers

11%
Yes
89% No
Figure 4.24: Graphical view of Landholding in the Project Area
e) Sources of Irrigation
It was observed during field survey that people rely on ground water for irrigation
purpose. The respondents who feed their fields by tube well were 60%, 20 percent
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
respondents irrigating their agriculture lands by canal.While 07 percent irrigate by

both tube well & canal and 13 % use different source lie well, rain etc. Details are
given blow Table 4.34. The graphical view of sources of irrigation water is illustrated
in Figure 4.25 below:
Table 4.34: Source of Water for Agriculture Use
Sr.No. Source Of Water For Agriculture Use Number Percentage

1 Tube well 18 60
2 Canal 6 20
3 Canal & Tube well 2 7
4 Any Other 4 13
Total 30 100
Source Of Water For Agriculture Use

13%
7% Tubewell
20% Canal
60%
Canal & Tubewell
Any Other
Figure 4.25: Graphical view of Sources for Irrigation
f) Source of Energy for Cooking and Lighting in Project Area

Information about energy sources for cooking and lighting purpose along project
settlements was also collected during survey. Around 59percent respondents use
gas for cooking purpose and electricity for lightening 15 % using wood for cooking
and electricity for lightening, 04% used wood along with gas for cooking electricity for
lightening 01% used Bio-gas for cooking and electricity for lightening, 21% used
Cylinder for cooking and electricity for lightening. as presented in given Table
4.35&Figure 4.26 below.
Table 4.35: Source of Energy for Cooking and Lighting.

Source of Energy for Cooking and
Sr.No. Number Percentage
Lightening in the Project Area
1 Electricity,Gas 166 59
2 Electricity,Wood 42 15
3 Electricity,Gas,Wood 10 4
4 Electricity, Bio-Gas 2 1
5 Cylinder 59 21
6 No-Response 1 0
Total 280 100
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Source of Energy for Cooking and Lighteing in

the Project Area
0%
21% Electricity,Gas
1% Electricity,Wood
4%
Electricity,Gas,Wood
15% 59%
Electricity, Bio-Gas
Cylinder
No-Response
Figure 4.26: Graphical view of Energy Sources for Cooking and Lighting
4.10.4 Social Institutions.

a) Availability of Education Facility
Table 4.36 indicates that the education facility is available from primary to higher
secondary levels in entire project area. These education facilities include Govt.
Degree College, Govt. High /Elementary/ Primary Schools (Boys / Girls) and a
number of private schools like Allied School, Dar-E- Arkam and Educator Public
Schools etc. found in project area.
Table 4.36: Availability of Educational Institutes
Sr. No. Educational Institute Number Percentage
1 Yes 262 94
2 No 18 6
Total 280 100
Educational Institute
6% 0%
Yes
94% No
Figure 4.27: Graphical View of Availability of Education Facility to Respondents
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
b) Health Facility
Table 4.37 indicates the availability of health facilities in the project area. The survey
findings showed that 90 percent sampled respondents in study area have been
provided basic health facilities by the Government. These health institutes include the
District are Federal Government Services Hospital, Capital Hospital, Pakistan
Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Children Hospital, National Institute of Health
and Shifa International Hospital. Rest of the project population 10 percent is not
provided any health care facility nearby their settlements by Government. For this
purpose, they have to consult Private Practitioners / Hakims practicing at their door
steps in case of illness.
Table 4.37: Availability of Health Institutes
Sr. No. Health Facility Number Percentage
1 Yes 253 90
2 No 27 10
Total 280 100
Health Facility
10%
Yes
No
90%
Figure 4.28: Graphical View of Availability of Health Facility to Respondents
c) Common Diseases in Project Area
During survey project population reported different kind of diseases among men,
women, and children. About 24% reported suffering from different type of allergy, and
26%. Abdominal pains and high blood pressure &about 09% interviewed people were
diabetes patient. Fever& Dingy is also reported by05%. While 13% was having TB.
Moreover, 01% were suffering from hepatitis and cancer & kidney problem was
04%each Whereas 13% respondent gave no response in this regard.Figure 4.29 is
shown below about the graphical view of diseases reported in project area of
influence.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.38: Common Diseases in Project Area
Sr. No. Diseases in The Project Area Number Percentage
1 Allergy 81 24
2 Blood Pressure 87 26
3 Sugar 29 9
4 Fever, Dingy 18 5
5 T.B 43 13
6 Hepatitis 5 1
7 Cancer 15 4
8 Kidney 12 4
9 No Response 44 13
Total 334 100
* Multiple Responses
Diseases in The Project Area

100
80
60
40
20
0
Figure 4.29: Graphical view of Common Diseases in Project Area
4.10.5 Cultural Characteristics.

a) Archaeological and Historical Monuments/Sites
i) Shrines / Mosques
Survey finding shows the availability of religious property (Mosques / Shrines) in the
project area. The survey results are highly significant (100%) regarding availability of
Mosque like Masjid EOAB house, Sian Marcho, Umer farooq, Rahmatul Aalamen,
Mosque Jamia saddat colony, Jamia G-14, Sayen baba G-11/1, Masjide Quba,
Jamia 26-no, Jamia 1-10 markaz, Jamia G9/1 markaz., Masjid NHA, Jamia Masjid
G9/1, Masjid G-10 and Pind Piracha Masjid etc in project area. Little number of
shrines were also reported by people. In addition to that, sampled respondents
provided information about Darbar Sian Marcho , Faisal Mosque and Gollara shrif
b) Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) in Project Area
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 4.39 describes that 11% respondents showed the availability of NGOs in their
respective areas, whereas 89% were those who did not know about this. The areas
of interest of NGOs were small business loan for social development and poverty
alleviation etc.
Table 4.39: Available NGOs in Project Area
Sr. No. Presence of NGOs in the Area Number Percentage
1 Yes 32 11
2 No 248 89
Total 280 100
Presence of NGOs in the Area
11%
Yes
No
89%
Figure 4.30: Graphical view of NGOs in Project Area
c) Mode of Transport being used in project area

Table 4.40 describes the sampled population’s mode of transport being used in the
project area. About 24 percent of respondents were using public transport, 20
percent used private transport, 49 percent used both public, private and metro
also, and 7 percent give no response in this regard.
Table 4.40: Mode of Transport in the project area.

Sr. No. Modes of Transport in The Project Area Number Percentage
1 Public 66 24
2 Private 56 20
3 Both& Metro 138 49
4 No Responded 20 7
Total 280 100
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mods of Transport in The Project Area

7%
24% Public
Private
49% 20%
Both
No Response
Figure 4.31: Graphical view of mode of transport in Project Area
d) Reasons for travelling the Current Location

The data presented below in the Table 4.41 explain the various reasons of the
respondents for travelling the current locations for their business/ jobs etc. Out of the
total, 78% of the respondents were travelling the subject location for their
businesses, jobs, less fair and time saving to travel by this route.10% thought that the
subject location is best for easy access and safe from accident. Whereas, 04%
respondents opinioned that it was very easy and main route to approach their desired
location, While 08% were those who remained silent to tell any reason.
Table 4.41: Reasons for travelling the Current Location

Sr.
Number Percentage
No. Reason for Travelling
Business, Near home, Job, Less fair & Time
219 78
1 saving by using this route
2 Easy way, One way road, Safe from Accident 29 10
3 Main road 10 4
4 No Response 22 8
Total 280 100
e) Awareness Regarding the Proposed Project

A large number of respondents 85% were aware of the proposed Project while only
15% were those, who had no prior knowledge of the Project (Table 4.42).
Table 4.42: Awareness about the Project
Sr. No. Awareness of the Project Number Percentage
1 Yes 238 85
2 No 42 15
Total 280 100
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Awareness of the Project
15%
Yes
No
85%
Figure 4.32: Graphical view about awareness of the Project
f) Acceptability of the Proposed Project
During the survey, 93%respondents favored the construction of the MBS keeping in
view of its importance and only in 07% respondents were against the construction of
the proposed project due to loss of their property and business structures. (Table
4.43)
Table 4.43: Acceptability of the Proposed Project

Sr. No. Frequency of Project Acceptability Number Percentage
1 Yes 261 93
2 No 19 7
Total 280 100
Frequency of Project Acceptability
7%
Yes
No
93%
Figure 4.33: Perceived Frequency of Project Acceptability by Respondents
4.10.6 Assessment of Environmental and Social Impacts.

a) Perceived Impacts
Table 4.44 provides us the various perceived impacts of the construction of Metro
Bus Service. 29% responses were that it will increase dust and noise pollution during
the construction phase of the project. 08% out of total responses were those, who
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
feared about traffic jam and traffic route disturbance during construction. 01% thinks
about access issue due to road blockage, 02% think that they will lose whole of their
business during the construction phase. 02% think that it will not complete in time,
15% demanded the jobs for local people, 06% out of the total perceived
thatconstruction of MBS will increase road side accidents at construction stage, 01%
having concerns regarding tree cutting. 05 % perceived that health and safety
measure should be adopted, 04% perceived that it is good project for whole
population. 01% people were not in favor of this project due to huge expenditure,
while 23% perceived that no impact of this project.
Table 4.44: Perceived Impacts
Sr.
No Impacts Construction Phase Number Percentage
.
1 Increase in Dust and noise pollution 82 29
2 Traffic Issues, Alternate route 21 8
3 Access Issues, Due to Road blockage 4 1
4 Business Issues, Business Disturb 7 3
5 Complete in Time 6 2
6 Job for Local people, Job Opportunities 43 15
7 Road Accident 18 6
8 Save from Accident 4 1
9 Number of trees cutting 4 1
10 Health and Safety Issues 14 5
11 Good for every one 12 4
12 Not in favor 2 1
13 No Impacts 63 23
Total 280 100
The perceived impacts of the respondents about the proposed project of MBS are
shown in (Figure 4.34).
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Impacts During Construction Phase

Increase in Dust and noise
pollution
Traffic Issues, Alternate route
Access Issues, Road blockage
Business Issues, Business

Disturb
23% 29% Complete in Time
1%
Give Job to Local people, Job
4% Opp0rtunities
8% Road Accident
5% 7%
15% Save from Accident
1%
1% 1% Number of trees will
2% 3% destroyed
Health and Safety Issues
Good for every one
Not in favor
No Impacts
Figure 4.34: Perceived Impacts by Respondents

b) Protective Measures Suggested by the Respondents
From the data given in the Table 4.45 08% responses emphasized on the need to
provide the traffic diversion routes to avoid traffic congestions,10% emphasized on to
provide jobs to local people,25% emphasized on to adopt all health and safety
measure. 05% were of the opinion that the construction of MBS should be completed
in-time without any delay. Whereas, 16% respondents were concerned to control the
pollution , dust and noise during the construction period, 08% respondents suggested
to adopt all protective measures,01 %desire for provision of jobs to taxi drivers in
metro, 04% emphasize on to provide flyover & underpass,16% to manage the traffic
load and 06% gave no response in this regard.
Table 4.45: Protective Measures Suggested by the Respondents
Sr.
Measures Suggested Number Percentage
No.
1 Traffic diversion routes 27 8
2 Provide jobs to Local People 35 10
3 Adopt Measure for Health and Safety, 83 25
4 Complete project in time 17 5
Save from Dust and Pollution, Environment
55 16
5 Issues
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sr.
Measures Suggested Number Percentage
No.
6 Adopt all protective measures 27 8
7 Give job for transporter 5 1
8 Flyover and underpass 12 4
9 Manage traffic load 55 16
10 No Response 19 6
Total 335 100
In the pie chart below (Figure 4.35) the protective measures suggested by the
respondents are shown.
Protective Measures Suggested By Respondent

Alternate Route Provision
to control traffic jam
6%
Local People Should be
8% Preferred for Job
16% 10%
4% Adopt Measure for Health
2% and Safety, Hospital
8% 25%
Complete project in time
16%
Save from Dust and

5% Pollution, Environment
Issues
Adopt all protective
measures
Figure 4.35: Protective Measures Suggested by the Respondents

c) Pressing Needs
Survey outcomes showed that the project population needs a number of facilities
such as Clean Drinking Water, Sui gas, Infrastructure, Schools and Hospitals as
depicted in Table 4.46. It shows that the Hospital facility was the most desired need
by 28% of the total sampled respondents. Whereas, 07% respondents needed for
water filtration plant 02% desire to improve the road, 05% desire for proper traffic
management, 09% desire for free education. 07 desires for Sui gas, 05% desire for
sewerage system in their area, 11% desire for under pass & u turns on appropriate
distances on MBS route. 05% &06%desire for provision of jobs to taxi drivers in
metro, 01% require cricket ground and 14% gave no response. Figure 4.36 given
below shows graphical presentation of pressing needs of the project area of
influence.
Table 4.46: Pressing Needs Of the Area
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sr.
Pressing Need of the Area Number Percentage
No.
1 Water Filtration Plant 19 7
2 Road 5 2
3 Proper Traffic Management 15 5
4 Hospital 78 28
5 Free Education, College 26 9
6 Gas 19 7
7 Sewerage System 15 5
8 Under pass, U-turn 31 11
9 Alternate route and alternate job for taxi driver 15 5
10 Cricket ground 2 1
11 Job opportunity 17 6
12 No response 38 14
Total 280 100
Pressing Need of the Area

Water Filtration
Plant
7% 2% Road
5%
6% 14%
1%
5% Proper Traffic
28% Management
11%
7% 9% Hospital
5%
Free
Education, College
Figure 4.36 Depicts the Graphical Representation of Pressing Need of Project

Area
d) Presence of Indigenous People (IPs)
Indigenous peoples are peoples defined in international or national legislation as
having a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory, and
their cultural or historical distinctiveness from other populations that are often
politically dominant. The survey results below table 4.47 shows IP groups were found
reported in the project corridor.
Table 4.47: Indigenous Community In The Project Area
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sr. No. Indigenous Community In The Project Area Number Percentage
1 Yes 25 9
2 No 255 91
Total 280 100
Indigenous Community In The

Project Area
9%
Yes
No
91%
Figure 4.37: Graphical View of Indigenous Community in Project Area
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section 5 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure
SECTION - 5
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND INFORMATION
DISCLOSURE
This section deals with the stakeholder engagement and information disclosure to
the public and consultation sessions held with the different stakeholder groups that
are affected or likely to be affected by the implementation of the proposed project.
Engagement of stakeholders (consultation) and disclosure is an integral part of
project’s environmental and social assessment.
The engagement with stakeholders carried out as per the guidelines ofEnvironmental
Protection Agency (EPA).
Engagement process has the following objectives:
• To establish a systematic approach to stakeholder engagement that will help for

identification of stakeholders and build and maintain a constructive relationship
with them, in particular project-affected parties.
• To assess the level of stakeholder interest and support for the project and to
enable stakeholders’ views to be taken into account in project design and
environmental and social performance.
• To promote and provide means for effective and inclusive engagement with
project-affected parties throughout the project life-cycle on issues that could
potentially affect them.
• To ensure that appropriate project information on environmental and social risks
and impact is disclosed to stakeholders in a timely, understandable, accessible
and appropriate manner and format.
• To provide project-affected parties with accessible and inclusive means to raise
issues and grievances, and allow borrowers to respond to and manage such
grievances.
5.1 Scope of Application
a. Stakeholder Identification and Analysis
The stakeholders of a project can vary depending on the details of project. During
the field survey, significant efforts were made to identify different stakeholders, both
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
project-affected parties and other interested parties.They included local communities

/ general public, national and local authorities, neighboring and non-governmental
organizations and vulnerable community (women, poor & indigenous) etc.Based on
identification, all those stakeholders (individuals & groups) had different concerns
and priorities about project impacts, mitigation mechanisms and benefits, and also
required different, or separate, forms of engagement. An adequate level of effort has
been made in the stakeholder identification and analysis so as to determine the level
of effective communication that is appropriate for the project.
b. Stakeholders Engagement Plan(SEP)

Taking into account the characteristics and interest of stakeholders, different
engagement methods were applied in the project area of influence at levels of project
appraisal and its approval (public hearing). SEP ensured the measures of effective
participation of identified stakeholdersas disadvantaged group to obtain their views /
concerns expressed freely in an open atmosphere.
c. Methods Adopted for Public Engagement

The following methods were used for engagement with project stakeholders in order to
capture their concerns, potential risks and priorities regarding project
implementation.
• Interview Survey
(A structured set of questions from representative sample of PAPs)
• General / Public Meetings
(Discussion with community, religious leaders, local government representatives,
civil society representatives, politicians and teachers)
• Rapid Participatory Appraisal
(Site visit by a multidisciplinary team consisting environmental engineer,
environmental scientist, social scientist, ecologist and local community
representatives to gather information regarding project site)
• On-Site Meetings
(Other interested parties including project proponent or contractor)
d. Categories of Stakeholders Contacted

The stakeholders contacted belonged to different categories as shown in the Table
5.1.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 5.1: Stakeholders Contacted in the Project Area

Sr. No. Stakeholder Category
1. Residents
2. Business/ shop owners
3. Govt. Employees
4. Hospital owners
5. Customers/ clients
6. Schools / Students
7. Wagon drivers
8. Taxi/ Rickshaw drivers
9. Pedestrians
5.2 Stakeholder’s Concerns and Priorities

For implementation of SEP, identified stakeholders were consulted and their
concerns were documented with pictures and minutes of meetings held with project
interested parties including project staff, government officials, and local communities
to predict the nature and scale of risks, challenges and impacts of project perceived
by them.Following Table 5.2describes the details of general / public meetings and
series of focused group discussions held with different categories of the
stakeholders at various locations along with their concerns & priorities raised about
proposed project.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 5.2: Schedule and Implementation of SEP
e& Venue Stakeholder No. of Concerns & Comments Raised Response to Comm
me Category Participants
1-17 IT & Students 13 • It is a good project and it would • Project site will be f
0 am Computer decrease traffic congestion and corrugated iron sheets
Science facilitate the poor. the level of noise and
Engineering • Impacts on health due to exposure of surrounding areas an
Department noise and dust particles. accidents cases d
• Provision of U- Turns and pedestrian construction phase. C
crossing bridges should be provided. machinery will be
• Split Communities due to fencing adequate locations awa
• Much beneficial for the students of sensitive areas to m
NUST who especially relying on public impacts related to the no
transport. • Pedestrian bridge
• Preferenceshould be given to locals for underpasses are alread
skilled & non-skilled peoplefor job. in project design.
• It would be beneficial for women • Contractor will be advi

because they face harassment while local force on prefere
using public transport due to during construction.
misbehave of drivers.
1-17 PindPiracha Shop 09 • Provision of U- Turns and pedestrian • Pedestrian bridge
pm owners, Taxi crossing bridges should be provided. underpasses are alread
Drivers & • Preference to locals for jobs especially in project design.
laborer taxi drivers whose business will disturb. • Contractor would be res
• Solid waste generated during collection and disposal
construction should not be left at site. designated site.
• Safety measures to avoid dust & noise • Contractor will prepare
and accidents. safety plan and also res
its implementation.
1-17 DarbarSain Cattle 07 • Drinking water well used by Khyban • Measures would be tak
5pm Merchu Farmers, phase community is affected by if possible or compensa
laborer markedRoW of MBS. Preventive of community.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
measures should be taken to save the • Pedestrian bridges and

source. underpasses are already
• Provision of U- Turns and pedestrian in project design.
crossing bridges should be provided. • Contractor will be advi
• Preference to locals for jobs especially local force on prefere
taxi drivers whose business will disturb. during construction.
• Solid waste generated during • Contractor will be resp
construction should not be left at site. proper dumping of s
generated on site.
1-17 DeraHiqmat Shop 12 • Provision of Over-head crossing bridge • Pedestrian Crossing Br
0 am Ullah keepers, at H-13. be the part of subway s
laborer • Safety measures to avoid dust & noise Golra Morr.
and accidents. • Project site will be f
• Try to avoid unnecessary tree cutting to corrugated iron sheets
save the environment. the level of noise and
surrounding areas an
accidents cases d
construction phase. C
machinery will be
adequate locations awa
sensitive areas to m
impacts related to the no
• It is already plan
unnecessary tree cutti
the environment.
1-17 G-13 Shop 09 • Avoid acquisitionof shops in order to • At this stage, no land a
0pm owners, Taxi save business. involved in this area.
driver • METRO service should be provided for • Concern would be ad
24 hour. higher authority.
• Preference to locals for jobs especially • Locals would be prefer
taxi drivers whose business will disturb opportunities.
due to project implementation. • Active site would be f
• Adopt necessary measures to avoid properly lighted. Provis
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
the road side accident. boards at constructio

safety and diversions.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5.3 Concerns Raised during Interview Survey

About 300 respondents were consulted during interview survey and their comments
about project recorded on prescribed questionnaire. Following are the outcomes of
consultation;
• Subway station should be required in front of EOIB to facilitate the old people coming
here to draw their pension money.
• Rather than construction of roads & MBS focus on providing basic facilities like food,
health & education.
• Alternate route and alternate jobs for taxi driver.
• New hospital and upgrade health & education facilities instead of Metro Bus.
• Parking should be provided near subway stations.
• Adopt Health and safety measures.
• Ambulance service should be provided on Metro route.
• Ensure the safety of travelers, sprinkling water on daily basis to reduce air pollution
and proper Traffic management plan should be provided.
• METRO service should be provided for 24 hour.
• complete project well in time
• Provision of U-turn on every sector and protect the population from dust & noise
• First give the jobs to transporter before Metro construction
• Save from accident, save from dust and noise.
• Please provide alternate routes during the construction phase to avoid the
disturbance to commuters.
• Proper safety measures to protect the people from dust and noise.
• Implement environmental management plan in true spirit.
• Tree plantation in green belt.
• Protect population and local business.
• Save from accident, save from dust and noise.
• Work according to health and safety measures.
• Traffic management system with proper sign board.
• Air, noise & soil pollution will increase not only during construction as well as during
operational phase.
• Provide better quality of construction in minimum time.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
• U- turnon Kashmir Highway & properly maintain it after construction.

• Metro is the cheap transport for people.
• Giveproject completion date and finish work in time.
• Local and private conveyance service will decrease.
• Properly maintain and make Kashmir Highway road signal free.
• Make signal free road from 26 Morr to Peshawar Morr.
• Local construction material and local labor should be hired.
• More road accidents during construction.
• Number of tree will be up rooted.
• Loss of business for taxi drivers.
• People will face difficulties during travel.
• Parking Problems, Disturbance in route selection.
• Save from accident & control over dust
• Save from land acquisition, properly maintain the Metro site.
• Transporter will become unemployed.
• Work Done on Shift bases.
• Alternatives routes should be provided during construction.
• Avoid disturbance of business during construction.
Taking into account the concerns raised during the interview survey, the contractors and
design consultants will include the following environmental and safety provisions in
the project design and to protect surrounding communities from the expected impact
of construction:
• Project site will be fenced with corrugated iron sheets to minimize the level of noise
and dust on the surrounding areas during the construction phase;
• Construction machinery will be placed in an adequate locations away from the
sensitive areas to minimize the impacts related to the noise;
• Utilize spray mist to reduce fugitive dust particles from impacting surrounding
environment;
• Project facilities will be located outside the existing residential and commercial areas.
In order to avoid restricting the mobility of the local stakeholders, construction
vehicles will remain confined within their designated areas of movement;
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
• The utilities to be shifted due to the construction MBS will be rehabilitated on priority
basis to minimize the impact on the stakeholders;
• NHA is bound to comply with the prevailing national/provincial regulations related to
pollution and waste disposal;
• NHA will make sure the payment for the acquisition of properties if require;
• Compensation rates will be finalized after the consultation with PAPs;
• Solid waste generated during construction and at camp sites will be disposed of
safely at the waste disposal sites approved by the localauthority; and
• All necessary measures will be taken to ensure the safety of traffic during
construction, including barricades (including signs, pavement markings, flags, and
lights). All such barricades will be set up to facilitate the local traffic.
Generally, people were found to be aware& convinced of the development of METRO Bus
Service from Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad International Airport, and indicated
remarkably their support for the implementation of project. Local communities demanded
that they should be the part of meaningful consultation activities along with other
stakeholders at different stages of the Project including the design, construction, and
operational periods. Plate5.1 shows the pictorial presentation of public involvement (PI)
process.
Consultation meeting with students held at Consultation meeting with students held at
NUST Islamabad NUST Islamabad
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Consultation meeting with students held at Consultation meeting with students held at
NUST Islamabad NUST Islamabad
Consultation meeting with local people. Consultation meeting local people.
Consultation meeting with local people at Consultation meeting with local people at
PindPiracha. PindPiracha.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Consultation meeting with general public Consultation meeting at LarriAdda
Consultation meeting with Motor way police at Consultation meeting with local people at H-
Kashmir Highway 13
Consultation meeting with local people at Consultation meeting with local people at
Darbar Sian Marchu. Khaban/G-13.
Plate 5.1: Pictorial Representation of Public Consultation
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5.4 Information Disclosure

Extensive information disclosure and public consultation / participation would be undertaken
throughout the project cycle. During the preparation of EIA report and consultation
meetings, not only the project related information has notbeen disseminated to PAPsbut
also will be disclosed once again at the stage of Draft EIA report and accessible to
interested parties and general public on request. The version of final report will be
available with project proponentand its summary will be provided in stakeholders’
relevant local language at stage of Public Hearing (after submission of final EIA report to
the EPA) of proposed project.
5.5Engagement during Project Implementation

Project affected parties (PAPs) will also be consulted during implementation stage of project for
getting their feedbackabouttheir concerns addressed properlyand what measures
adopted for its resolutionto enhance project effectiveness and sustainability. In case, if
any residual impacts & risks or significant change occurs at project implementation
stage, the project affected parties would be informed and as well consulted once again
about its potential impacts & risks andhow these will be mitigated or compensated.
5.6 Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)

Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) is important for development projects where ongoing
risks or adverse impacts are anticipated. These mechanisms serve as a way to meet
requirements, prevent and address community concerns, reduce risks, and assist larger
processes that create positive social change. The major objective of GRM is to
implement and maintain a procedure for handling environmental and social concerns of
the project stakeholders. This procedure will include a redress mechanism scaled to the
project’s identified risks and adverse impacts, focusing on stakeholders.
Project proponent (NHA) will establish, maintain and implement a Grievance Redress
Committee (GRC) to facilitate resolution of affected persons (APs) concerns and
complaints about the project’s performance at site, in line with the requirement of
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The GRC will be coordinated by Director-
Environment. The GRC will address affected people concerns and complaints promptly,
using an open, effective, understandable and transparent process.
5.6.1 Composition of GRC
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
The GRC will work directly under the supervision of Project Director. The following
members are recommended to form a GRC to look into the environmental & social
impacts and issues.
• Director Environment
• Representative from Aps
• Environmental Engineer of Supervision Consultant
• Environmental Engineer of Construction Contractor
NHA Director (Environment) will nominate one Deputy Director as member of GRC and shall act
as Project Environmental Grievance Officer (PEGO). The complaint would be lodged to
GRC.GRC will review the case on merit and address the problem in accordance with
prevailing rules/ procedures applicable to such grievances as per Environmental
Management Plan (EMP). If the complaint is genuine, GRC would ask the contractor to
address the grievance with in seven days (07) depending upon nature of grievance.
Representative of supervision consultant will monitor the contractor and will report
PEGO. If the affected person does not receive a response from GRC or his complaint is
not settled within thirty (30) days of the registry of the compliant, then it can be elevated
to Director (Environment) NHA for its resolution, who should act on the compliant/
grievance within two weeks of day of its filing. If the affected person is not satisfied with
the decision of Director (Environment), then it can be referred to higher authorities /
relevant govt. departments for its resolution. As a last resort, He/ She may submit the
compliant to PAK EPA or contact the appropriate Court / local judiciary. At each stage
the Grievance Redress Committee will act as third party to ensure a fair and just
resolution, and assist in grievance mediation. Appeals to the GRC will be free of charge,
and all reasonable expenses incurred will be paid from project funds. Once the operation
phase commences and the PIU no longer exists, the PIU portion of the GRC will be
eliminated.
The flow chart of the proposed redress mechanism is shown below in Figure 5.2.
Affected Person
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Grievance
1. Project Construction Contractor Redressed

Grievance Redressed Committee (GRM)
Not Redressed
2. Project Supervision Consultant (PSC)

Redressed
Not Redressed
3. National Highway Authority (NHA) / Metro Bus Authority Redressed
Not Redressed
Through NGOs
4a. Appeal to PAK EPA /Appropriate Court 4b. Appeal to Project Director
Figure 5.2: Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM)
5.6.2 Responsibilities of GRC

The responsibilities of GRC will include the following;
• The GRC shall review, consider and resolve grievances related to environmental
issues during implementation received by the PD office - NHA.
• Environmental Specialist of SC is responsible for conducting investigations on these
grievances.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
• Any grievances presented to the GRC should ideally be resolved on the first day of
hearing or within a period of one week, in case of complicated issues requiring
additional investigations.
• GRC is empowered to take decision which is binding on NHA and considered final.
• GRC meeting will be held in the PD office, NHA or other locations agreed by the
committee. If needed GRC members may undertake field visits to verify and review
the issues at dispute.
5.6.3 Procedures of Filing Complaints and Resolution

1. Any affected person can register his complaint through application to GRC office
located in project area. The complaint would be lodged in complaint register.
2. There are several ways one can report a grievance:
a. Contact the PEGO of GRC over the phone call. The contact details will be
provided in the GRC office.
b. Send an email, text message, or in-writing to the address provided in the PD-
office.
3. The PEGO will direct the Environmental Engineer of Supervision Consultant (EE-SC)
for resolution of complaints from contractor at the same day and report back to
PEGO. The EE-SC will have maximum one week to resolve the complaint. If
compliant is not addressed within a week time, then a meeting of GRC would be
convened by PEGO to discuss the issue.
4. The grievance will be reviewed and will be decided by the GRC. In case the
grievance is not connected to the project related activity or in case the project
authority finds that they are working within the applicable PAK EPA standards, the
grievance will not be further processed. In these cases this will be explained in
writing to the grievant.
5. In all the other cases the GRC will investigate whether they have failed to work to the
intended standard and if they have identify measures which might be taken to protect
against the incident occurring again.
6. The grievance mechanism will be made public through the public consultations and
information leaflets during implementation.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5.6.4Type of Grievance
The following are some of the environmental issues could be subject for grievance from
the affected people, concerned public and NGOs.
• Dust, noise and air pollution from construction activities

• Nuisance
• Intensive schedule of construction activities
• Inappropriate timing of construction vehicle flow
• Traffic Movement
• Water Pollution
• Waste disposal
• Disturbances to flora and fauna
• Health and safety
• Criminal activities
• Failure to comply with standards or legal obligations
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Section - 6 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
EIA of MBS from Peshawar Morr to New Islamabad International Airport
SECTION 6
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION
MEASURES
This section identifies the overall impacts of pre-construction (design), construction

and operational phases of the proposed project on the physical, biological and socio-
economic environment due to Metro Bus System (MBS) from Peshawar Morr to NIIA.
In addition, it also recommends the measures to mitigate or minimize the project’s
adverse environmental impacts.
6.1 Environmental Impact Matrices

The identification of impacts is done on the basis of literature review, site surveys
and expert opinion on prevailing site conditions and sensitive receptors. A
comprehensive map shows (Figure 6.1) the environmental sensitive receptor e.g.
educational institutes, medical facilities, religious places and surface & drinking water
sources etc. Characterization is done on the basis of significance, probability and
prevalence of the potential impacts in the surrounding environment. To evaluate the
impacts, Environmental Impact Matrices are used for construction and operation
stages. These matrices are given in Tables 6.1 and 6.2 respectively. The following
scale has been used for the evaluation of impacts:
LA = Low Adverse (low/short-term damage to the environment)

MA = Medium Adverse (moderate damage to the environment)
HA = High Adverse (severe damage to the environment)
LB = Low Beneficial (less beneficial to the environment)
MB = Medium Beneficial (moderate beneficial to the environment)
HB = High Beneficial (highly beneficial to the environment)
NA = Not Applicable
O = Insignificant / No Impact
6.2 Significance Rating

The overall significance of the impacts was defined based on the result of a
combination of the consequence rating and the probability rating. Each identified
impact was analyzed in terms of magnitude, extent, duration, and probability of
occurrence, the value of the affected environment and likely degree of recovery of the
affected area. The results of the assessment of the significance of the residual impacts
were then linked to decision making in the following manner.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 6.1
Environmental Impacts Matrix for the Construction Phase
(Construction of MBS from Peshawar Morr to NIIA, Islamabad)
Biological
Sr. No. Physical Environment Socioeconomic Environment
Environment
Health & Safety for Public and
Disruption of Public Utilities

Soil Erosion/Contamination
Local Economy/Benefits to
Topography & Landscape
Hydrology and Drainage
Population Disturbance
Environmental
Groundwater Quality
Traffic Management
Animal Movement
Noise & Vibration

Components
Employment
Community
Vegetation
Air Quality
Worker
Project Activities
1 Construction camps, workshops etc. LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA O B LA LA B O

2 Excavation operations MA MA MA MA MA LA LA LA MA B LA MA B LA
3 Transportation of construction materials O LA LA LA LA LA LA LA O B LA MA B LA
4 Use of construction materials etc. O LA LA LA LA O O LA O O O LA B LA
5 Earthwork/concretework operations LA LA MA O LA LA LA LA LA B LA MA B LA
6 Operation of concrete batching plants O LA HA O O O LA LA O B O MA O O
7 Disposal of Wastewater O MA MA LA LA O O LA O O LA LA B O
8 Waste Management LA MA LA LA LA O LA MA O B O O O O
9 Storage of oils/diesel O MA LA O LA O O LA O O O O O O
Legend
O - Insignificant / no impact NA - Not Applicable B - Beneficial
LA - Low Adverse MA - Medium Adverse HA - High Adverse
Table 6.2
Environmental Impacts Matrix for the Operational Phase
(Construction of MBS from Peshawar Morr to NIIA, Islamabad)
Physical Biological Socioeconomic

Sr. No. Environment Environment Environment
Community Development
Groundwater Quality
Environmental
Soil Erosion/Quality
Animal Harassment
Public Transport
Components
Surface Runoff
HES Issuses
Employment
Air Quality
Flora
Project Activities
1 Movement of Vehicles O O LA O O O B B B LA
2 Transportation of Passengers O O O O O O B O B O
3 Traffic control/Signaling O O LA O O O B O B B
Legend
O - Insignificant / no impact NA - Not Applicable B - Beneficial
LA - Low Adverse MA - Medium Adverse HA - High Adverse
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accessibility.
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Route: Sensitive due to noise,dust and limitation of accessibility.
School/College/University near Proposed Rawalpindi-Islamabad
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accessibilityaccess problem for students and stuff during
construction.
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Significance Implication
Rating
Low Should not have an influence on the decision to proceed
with the proposed project, provided that recommended
mitigation measures to mitigate impacts are implemented.
Medium Should influence the decision to proceed with the
proposed project, provided that recommended measures
to mitigate impacts are implemented.
High Should strongly influence the decision to proceed with the
proposed project regardless of mitigation measures.
6.3 Anticipated Impacts during Pre-Construction/Design Phase

Following is the description of impacts envisaged and the recommended mitigation
measures during Pre-construction/Design Phase:
6.3.1 Design & Layout Planning

Incompatible layout plan and engineering design of the project’s structures can
undermine the overall aesthetic beauty and ambience of the project area. Also low
utilization of the available spaces and not designing the structures taking into
account, the prospective and futuristic needs can result in structures with low social
acceptability and functionality. This impact will be permanent and moderate negative
in nature.
Mitigation:
All structural, layout and engineering designing of MBS should be in strict
accordance with the applicable by-laws and engineering parameters.
6.3.2 Topography
Cut and fill of land for the construction of underpasses/bridges and stations will be
required that may contribute to moderate change in the topography of the area.
Removal of topsoil and soil erosion may occur on roadside due to excavation,
clearing of existing ROW and cutting and dismantling of existing pavements. The
changes due to construction of the proposed project, however, will be of localized
nature. This impact is permanent and moderate negative in nature.
Mitigation measures will include provision of embankments, designed by considering

the Geotechnical investigation studies. Due consideration should be given to
aesthetic improvement during the design phase.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6.3.3 Land Acquisition and Resettlement

Major portion of the proposed alignment is within the ROW of existing road. A 10m
wide strip of 500m length will be acquired near the start point. This will result in loss of
infrastructure; commercial activities/businesses, disturbance to people and as a result
of which some people may have to start their business at a new place. This impact is
permanent and moderate negative in nature.
Mitigation measures will involve land management and providing judicious

compensation to the affectees by providing sufficient budget in the project cost. The
process of land acquisition and compensation will be followed in a transparent manner
to minimize the impacts.
According to Land Acquisition Act 1894, the following points are to be considered
while determining compensation to the project affectees:
• The market value of land at the date of publication of notification under section 4
sub section (1);
• The damage sustained by the person interested, by reason of the taking of any
trees which may be on the land at the time of the collector’s taking possession
thereof;
• The damage if any sustained by the person interested at the time of the
collector’s taking possession of the land by reason of acquisition injuriously
affecting his other property, moveable, or immoveable, in any other manner, or
his earning; and
• As a consequence of the acquisition of the land by the collector, the person
affected is compelled to change his residence or place of business, the
reasonable expenses incidental to such change.
However, maximum benefits should be taken from the Govt. land instead of
acquiring private land.
6.3.4 Social Issues

As the project area consists of residential and commercial areas including
educational institutes, health facilities and mosques etc. Significant number of
students along Kashmir Highway needs to access the educational institutes like
NUST, FAST, International Islamic University and Al-Huda University etc. During the
construction and operation phase of the project, there is a possibility of having
difficulties to get access to the institutions. Similarly, the patients may also face
_________________________________________________________________________________________
difficulty to access the medical facilities. It has been observed during site visit that
alternate routes are available that are not too far away to reach the destinations in
the project area. However, people may also face difficulty in parking of private
vehicles during the construction phase. This impact is temporary and minor negative
in nature.
Mitigation measures for construction stage shall include proper traffic diversion
plans, appropriate safety sign/boards, and timely completion of the project. The
plans shall be communicated before the commencement of construction activities
through local media. During operation, provision of pedestrian crossings on every
bus station has been provided to reduce the inconvenience of public for crossing.
6.3.5 Ecological Impacts

Flora
A total of 960 plants of varying species and sizes will be affected. The proposed
mitigation measures include:
 The route selection of MBS shall be done to minimize removal of green belts
especially patches holding trees/plants; However, transplantation of affected
trees shall be planned, where transplantation is not practically possible,
compensatory plantation of ten (10) trees against each fallen tree of similar floral
function shall be planned; and
 Disallow introduction of exotic species with known environmental setbacks
(Eucalyptus, etc.) and encourage plantation of indigenous species.
6.3.6 Air Quality and Noise

The execution of the proposed project is an effort to reduce no. of vehicles on road
by encouraging use of public transport of better quality that encourage people to
switch the preferable mode of transport. The air pollution, noise and associated
health risks may decrease in long run. This impact is permanent and moderately
positive in nature. However, during construction phase, dust and noise will increase
temporarily in the area. Special care should be taken during design phase for
protection of medical institutes and universities e.g. provision of noise barriers may
be considered in design of the proposed project. Noise barrier of 3 meter height at
grade and 2 meter on bridges should be constructed; wherever required.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
6.3.7 Public Utilities

Due to the proposed project, public utilities affected may create disruption of public
services including telephone lines, sewerage, electric & gas facilities etc. This impact
is however temporary and moderate negative in nature.
Mitigation measures will include:

 Incorporate technical design features to minimize affect on public utilities; and
 All public utilities likely to be affected by the proposed project need to be
relocated/rehabilitated well ahead of the commencement of construction
work.
6.3.8 Seismic Hazard

The project area is located in Seismic Zone 2B, where 2B represents peak horizontal
ground acceleration from 0.16 to 0.24 g. In this Zone, designing of various types of
structures should be done on the basis of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA).
Moderate intensity earthquake impacting the project site can adversely impact the
development. This factor requires special consideration of the designers keeping in
view the earthquake of October 08, 2005. The infrastructure may be affected
negatively in case of earthquake tremors and the significance of damage depends
upon the severity of earthquake.

The proposed MBS and bus bays/stations shall be designed and constructed to
withstand low to moderate earthquakes. For seismic hazard analysis, updated
structural and seismic evaluations will be consulted.
6.3.9 Resource Conservation

The materials used in construction of proposed project would include coarse
aggregates (crush), fine aggregates (sand), steel, water, asphalt, reinforcement and
cement etc. Almost all the materials to be used in the construction of proposed
project are non-renewable and therefore their sustainable use is necessary for the
future use.
Fuel will be used to operate construction machinery, asphalt plant and batching
plants. Sustainable use of energy resources is very important not only to continue
future use but it will also help to reduce air emissions. For conservation of energy,
efficiency of the engines and burning processes shall be considered in planning.
_________________________________________________________________________________________

 Wastage of water should be reduced by training the workers involved in water
use;
 Source of water should be carefully selected. Water use should not disturb the
existing community water supplies;
 Ensure adequate insulation to reduce heat loss through batching plants; and
 Regularly monitor CO and CO 2 content of the flue gases to verify that
combustion systems are using practical excess air volumes.
The Resources Conservation Plan is attached as Annexure IV.
6.3.10 Visual impact

The dedicated lanes of MBS will be fenced from both sides. The fencing will improve
the security and safety of transport facilities on road; however, this will adversely
affect the aesthetics of the road alignment. This impact is moderate negative and
permanent in nature.

 MBS may move in mixed traffic to minimize disturbance to the existing
arrangements of the road.
 If MBS along with mixed traffic is not a feasible option, the dedicated lanes may
be separated by cat eyes instead of fencing the corridor for beauty enhancement
of the corridor;
 Provision of the underground pedestrian crossing should be considered in
design;
 In case of fencing, the visual impact should be considered in design taking in to
account color and design of fence;
 If, the dedicated lanes for MBS not fenced;
 Public awareness on avoiding crossing shall be planned; and
 Strict security check shall be planned to avoid crossings on road.
6.3.11 Drainage
Improper drainage of stations and track may cause trash pooling condition; due to
which following impact are expected to arise:
Deterioration of the surface road and reduction of its bearing capacity;

 Public inconvenience in road usage; and
 The stagnant water may serve as breeding ground for disease vector.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
This impact is permanent and minor negative in nature.
Mitigation measures will include provision of appropriate drainage structures and

stormwater pumping station in design. Proper slopes shall be incorporated in design
feature to avoid the formation of the water layer on road surfaces in rainy seasons.
6.4 Anticipated Impacts during Construction Phase

Following is the brief description of impacts and their mitigation envisaged during the
construction phase:
6.4.1 Soil
The project area is a plain and hilly terrain with paved road structure. Soil erosion and
contamination may occur on roadside, at contractors’ camps due to the following:
 Excavation of earth/cutting operations, clearing of vegetation and land levelling
activities can destabilize the surrounding land surface, particularly if the
excavated area is left unfilled for long time, which may lead to rainfall induced
soil erosion;
 The unspent materials and debris produced from consumed up materials, if left
as such and allowed to mix with soil underneath, can degrade the quality of
receiving soils and may render them unfit for plantation later on;
 Leakages of oils, lubricants, chemicals, and other similar substances from their
storage sites and from engines of the generators, machines, equipment and
vehicles can spoil the receiving soils and may undermine ability of the spoiled
soils to support growth of vegetation and plants;
 Non-provision of septic tanks with the temporary worksite toilets, constructed
for the labour and others, can contaminate the effluent receiving soils because
of raw nature of the effluents;
 Washing of the gadgets, machinery and equipment without proper drainage of
the washout water can adversely affect the soil quality.
 Onsite storage of the construction materials such as sand, aggregate, crushed
stone, cement, bricks, lubricants, fuels and iron bars on the land without an
intervening barrier, can degrade soil quality and may smear them with fine
particulates of the dumped materials;
 Improper onsite storage of equipment and machinery such as wheel barrows,
mixers and compactors and disorderly parking of machinery and equipment
may cause soil contamination from trickling or accidental leakages of oils and
lubricants there from.
_________________________________________________________________________________________

 All spoils will be disposed off as desired and the site will be restored back to
its original conditions;
 Non-bituminous wastes from construction activities will be dumped in
approved sites, in line with the legal prescriptions for dump sites, and
covered;
 As applicable and needed, plantation of grasses and shrubs will be done at
appropriate place where required;
 Excavations would be kept confined to the specified foundation spots as per
the approved engineering drawings. Unnecessary excavations should be
avoided;
 Site camps for the resident labour should not be setup on the land earmarked
for developing green belts and lawns;
 Oils, lubricants, chemicals, and other listed hazardous materials should be
stored safely at their designated spots, enclosures or store rooms, which
should be safe from rainfall and away from any potential source of fire;
 Septic tanks of adequate capacities should be constructed for receiving and
treating wastewater from all temporary worksite toilets and at the temporary
container offices, if any. The toilet wastewater should not be discharged
untreated onto the adjacent lands;
 All machineries and materials should be stored at the designated areas and
compounds;
 All the unspent and left over materials be completely removed offsite upon
completion of construction and the site be restored to original or near to
original condition; and
 Washout from washing of equipment and gadgets should be drained into
either a septic tank or a sand-gravel bed for removal of the grit and
contaminants.
6.4.2 Construction Camps/Camp Sites
Due to the proposed camp sites, loss of vegetation on the selected land and
generation of solid waste, discharge of sanitary effluent may occur. Dissatisfaction of
rehabilitation measures may occur, if the sites are left unclear after completion of
construction phase. The final location and number of sites will be determined by the
construction contractors after approval from the CDA and RDA. However, it will be a
temporary and minor negative impact. For these impacts, following mitigation
measures have been developed to minimize the adverse effects.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
 Implement Waste Management Plan to ensure safe handling, storage, collection

and disposal of construction wastes and the training of employees who handle
waste.
 Provision of the pit latrines, septic tanks for camps to treat the sanitary wastewater
before its discharge into public sewer
 All efforts during the design stage should be made to minimize the removal of
existing macro-plants at camp sites;
 Compensatory plantation to be scheduled when construction work ends;
 The contractor(s) shall ensure removal & rehabilitation of site upon completion;
and
 Contractors camps should be placed at least 1 Km away from
population/residential area.
6.4.3 Health and Safety

a) Occupational Health and Safety
Health risks and work safety problems may result at the workplace if the working
conditions provide unsafe and/or unfavorable working environment and due to
storage, handling and transport of hazardous construction material. Workers should
be provided with safe and healthy working environment taking into account risks
inherent to the particular sector and specific classes of hazards in project area.

 Contractor will hire Safety Engineer, prepare and implement HSE plan and will be
monitored by third party;
 Contractor will submit HSE report on monthly basis;
 HSE engineer will be authorized to stop the work in case of unsafe conditions;
 Obligatory insurance against accidents for labourers/workers;
 Providing basic medical training to specified work staff and basic medical service
and supplies to workers;
 Layout plan for camp site, indicating safety measures taken by the contractor,
e.g. fire fighting equipment, safe storage of hazardous material, first aid, security,
fencing, and contingency measures in case of accidents;
 Work safety measures and good workmanship practices are to be followed by
the contractor to ensure no health risks for labourers;
 Protection devices (ear muffs) should be provided to the workers doing job in the
vicinity of high noise generating machines;
_________________________________________________________________________________________
 Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking and dormitory facilities

including light up to satisfaction;
 Proper maintenance of facilities for workers will be monitored;
 Provision of protective clothing for labourers handling hazardous materials, e.g.
helmet, adequate footwear for bituminous pavement works, protective goggles,
gloves etc;
 Ensure strict use of wearing protective clothing during work activities;
 Elaboration of a contingency planning in case of major accidents;
 Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the keeping out of non-working persons,
particularly children, off work sites; and
 Adequate signage, lightning devices, barriers, yellow tape and persons with flags
during construction to manage traffic at construction sites, haulage and access
roads.
b) Community Health and Safety
The construction activities and vehicular movement at construction sites and access
service roads may also result in road side accidents particularly inflicting local
communities who are not familiar with presence of heavy equipment and machinery.
This is a temporary and major negative impact.
Quality of groundwater and surface water resources available in the nearby local
communities may get contaminated due to the construction activities, oil spillage and
leakage, roadside accidents etc. The laborers with different transmittable diseases
may cause spread out of those diseases in the local residents.

 There should be proper control on construction activities and oil spillage of
vehicles;
 The labours having different transmittable diseases should be restricted within
the construction site;
 Efforts should be made to create awareness about road safety among the drivers
operating construction vehicles;
 Timely public notification of planned construction works;
 Close consultation with local communities to identify optimal solutions for
diversions to maintain community integrity & social links;
 Seeking cooperation with local educational facilities (school teachers) for road
safety campaigns;
_________________________________________________________________________________________
 Provision of proper safety and diversion signage, particularly at

sensitive/accident-prone spots;
 Setting up speed limits in close consultation with the local stakeholders;
 If identified, consider additional guard rails at accident-prone stretches and
sensitive locations;
 The communicable disease of most concern during construction phase, like
sexually-transmitted disease (STDs) such as HIV/AIDS, should be prevented by
successful initiative typically involving health awareness; educational initiatives;
training heath workers in disease treatment; immunization program and providing
health service;
 Reducing the impacts of vector borne diseases on long-term health effect of
workers should be accomplished through implementation of diverse interventions
aimed at eliminating the factors that lead to disease, which includes: Prevention
of larval and adult propagation of vectors through sanitary improvements and
elimination of breeding habitat close to human settlements and by eliminating
any unusable impounding of water;
 During construction work pedestrian and vehicular passages should be provided
for crossing near settlement;
 Fencing around the camps should be strong enough so that it can not be broken
easily by local people for making passages; and
 Use of water should not disturb public water availability and source of water
should be selected carefully.
c) Emergency Response
Disasters such as earthquakes, flooding and other events such as fires may occur,
and that must be considered for minimizing their impacts.
An Emergency Response Plan for earthquakes and manmade disasters shall be
implemented in close consultation with the Rescue 1122 Service, Fire Fighting
Department, bomb disposal squad and paramedics. In addition, training of the
staff/employees regarding the emergency procedures/plans will be regularly
conducted. The Emergency Response Plan is attached as Annexure V.
6.4.4 Air Quality

Air quality will be affected by fugitive dust emissions from construction machinery; dust
from the unpaved surface and construction vehicles. Emissions may be carried over
longer distances depending upon the wind speed, direction, temperature of
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surrounding air and atmospheric stability. Besides, multifarious construction activities

the increased vehicular traffic (construction vehicles) would also contribute to the
localized airborne dust. Once in the air, the larger sized particles, under influence of
gravity, tend to settle down in the immediate vicinity of the source. The Suspended
Particulate Matter (SPM) of the size smaller than 10 micrometer (PM10 ) tends to
remain suspended in the environment for much longer and persistent time and is an
environmental hazard. The objectionable impacts of settling of the suspended dust
would be its dry deposition on vegetation, glass windows, motor vehicles, buildings,
and other exposed surfaces. Exhausts from fossil fuel burning in the construction
machinery will also deteriorate local air quality. Similarly, exhausts from generators can
also have impacts on air quality in the vicinity.
The critical sources of dust pollution during the construction phase will be:
 Unpaved road surface;
 Transportation of materials and other construction activities that create dust
emissions.
The overall impact on the quality of air during the construction phase will, however,
be temporary and limited to the project’s implementation phase only.

 All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators used during construction
activities should be kept in good working condition and be properly tuned and
maintained in order to minimize the exhaust emissions;
 Blowing of dust from potential sources at the worksite should be avoided by
shielding them from the exterior, for example using polythene curtains or raising a
fence of corrugated sheets around areas of active constructions;
 Blowing of dust and particulate matter from stockpiled loose materials (e.g. sand,
soil) should be avoided either by sheeting them with tarpaulin or plastic sheets or
by sprinkling them with light shower of water;
 Open burning of solid waste from the contractor’s camps should be strictly banned;
 Preventive measures against dust should be adopted for on-site mixing and
unloading operations. Regular water sprinkling of the site should be carried out to
suppress excessive dust emission(s);
 Only good quality oils, petroleum products, additives and spares should be used in
the machinery, generators, and the construction vehicles. Usage of used oil should
be strictly prohibited;
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 Emissions from power generators and construction machinery are important point
sources at the construction sites. Proper maintenance and repair is needed to
minimize the hazardous emissions; and
 NEQS applicable to gaseous emissions generated by construction vehicles,
equipment and machinery should be enforced during construction works.
As all the traffic diversion routes are paved/metal roads, therefore, dust pollution or
particulate matter won’t be a problem. However, some of dust problems caused
during the construction phase of the project could be effectively mitigated by the
implementation of simple procedures by the Contractor including but not limited to
the following:
 Service roads (used for earthmoving equipment and general transport) should be
regularly sprayed with water during dry weather;
 All excavation work should be sprinkled with water;
 Construction workers should be provided with masks for protection against the
inhalation of dust;
 Vehicle speed in the project area should be prescribed not more than 20 km/hr and
controlled accordingly; and
 Vehicles used for construction should be tuned properly and regularly to control
emission of exhaust gases.
6.4.5 Noise and Vibrations

Noise is a by-product of human activity, and area of exposure increases as function
of mobility and construction activities. Sources of noise during construction are
heavy machinery such as bulldozers, excavators, stabilizers, concrete mixing plant,
pneumatic drills, stone crushers and other equipments. This machinery is expected
to generate noise levels that would be severe in the areas whereas previously no
roadside construction is done as in the case of the proposed project. Noise
generated by construction machinery is likely to affect sensitive receptors located
near the construction site. This impact is temporary and moderate negative in nature.
According to Table 6.3 given below, which presents the damage risk criteria for
hearing loss, noise level above 110 dB(A) can be tolerated for half an hour only.
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Table 6.3: Damage Risk Criteria for Hearing Loss

Sr. Maximum Allowable Noise-Level in dB (A)
No. Duration per day (Hours)
1 8 90
2 6 92
3 4 95
4 3 97
5 2 100
6 1½ 102
7 1 105
8 ½ 110
9 ¼ or less 115 (Max.)
Source: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA, USA
The expected noise levels of heavy machineries during construction phase of the
MBS Islamabad, has been estimated and noise modeling is attached as an
Annexure-VI. Maximum noise levels were modeled by taking into account all the
heavy machineries which could be used during construction and supposed every
equipment is in operation at the same time. The distance of the receptor was taken
10 meter, 50 meter and 100 meter for modeling purposes.
The likely impacts due to noise are:

 Persistently higher noise levels can produce psychological effects of
distraction of attention, irritation and short temperedness in the exposed
persons;
 Noisy settings and higher background levels can cause temporary threshold
shift and the consequent habit of speaking loud, which may cause damage to
vocal cords in the persons exposed;
 Noise produced from moving construction vehicles and blowing of pressure
horns, at times, could be intolerable particularly during quiet hours of night;
and
 Vibrations from machinery and equipment such as hand held compactors and
concrete vibrators can produce easy fatigability and generalized aches in the
persons operating these machines.
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All mitigation measures mentioned below should be taken in order to minimize the
impacts of noise in the project area. These measures include, but are not limited to
the following:
 Selection of up-to-date and well maintained plant or equipment with reduced noise
levels ensured by suitable in-built damping techniques or appropriate muffling
devices;
 Confining excessively noisy work to normal working hours in the day, as far as
possible;
 Providing the construction workers with suitable hearing protection like ear cap, or
earmuffs and training them in their use;
 Preferably, restricting construction vehicles movement during night time;
 Heavy machinery like percussion hammers and pneumatic drills should not be
used during the night without prior approval of the client;
 Vehicles and equipment used should be fitted, as applicable, with silencers and
properly maintained;
 Use of low noise machinery, or machinery with noise shielding and absorption;
 Contractors should comply with submitted work schedule, keeping noisy operations
away from sensitive points; implement regular maintenance and repairs; and
employ strict implementation of operation procedures;
 Noise barriers in sensitive areas in the form of high boundary walls (concrete or
wood), earth berms, etc. in front of universities, medical institutes and mosques;
and
 Public hearings to discuss appropriate solutions and materials to control noise (e.g.
mud or brick walls, bushes, etc.).
6.4.6 Solid Waste (Construction Waste and Hazardous Waste)
Due to construction activities waste will be generated at construction and contractors
camp site. The construction waste will include wastewater, oil spillage from
machinery, domestic waste and solid waste etc. The handling and storage of oil,
asphalt/bitumen may be a source of environmental pollution as a hazardous waste.
This will result in unhygienic conditions, health risk to work force and public at the
camp site. The likely impacts of solid waste are:
 Improper and unhygienic disposal of the solid wastes generated at the

worksite, particularly garbage and trash may cause degradation of soil and
land;
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 Improperly disposed of heaps of wastes containing kitchen garbage and food

waste can serve as breeding grounds for the disease spreading vectors and
rodents;
 Throwing away of solid wastes into water channels and the wastewater
network can result into choking of the latter.
These impacts are temporary and minor negative in nature. Mitigation measures will
include:
 Wastewater effluent from contractor’s workshop and equipment washing yards

would be passed through gravel/ sand beds to remove oil/ grease contaminants
before discharging it into natural streams;
 An efficient and responsive solid waste management system should be devised
for the entire duration of the construction phase. Such a system should be
provided for separate collection of different categories of construction wastes.
The wastes which will be reusable/recyclable (iron bars, aluminum) should be
sold to waste vendors and those which cannot be sold out (brick pieces) may be
used as a filling material for leveling the depressions, subject to technical
feasibility;
 Training of working force in the storage and handling of materials and chemicals
that can potentially cause soil contamination;
 Solid waste generated during construction and camp sites will be safely disposed
in demarcated waste disposal sites and the contractor will provide a proper waste
management plan;
 Proper labelling of containers, including the identification and quantity of the
contents, hazard contact information etc.;
 Training of employees involved in the transportation of hazardous material
regarding emergency procedures;
 Providing the necessary means for emergency response on call 24 hours/day;
 The sewage system for camps will be properly designed (pit latrines or, as
required, septic tanks) to receive all sanitary wastewaters;
 Lined wash areas will be constructed within the camp site or at site, for the
receipt of wash waters from construction machinery;
 Use of pesticides in nurseries will be done deemed necessary and suggested by
the experts;
 Insecticides that are less toxic to human health should be used;
_________________________________________________________________________________________
 Construction workers and supervisory staff should be encouraged and educated

to practice waste minimization, reuse and recycling to reduce quantity of the
waste for disposal;
 Prohibit open burning of solid waste; and
 Spoil material should be disposed at depression with prior approval from CDA.
6.4.7 Surface and Groundwater

Water resources in the project area may get contaminated due to the disposal of
construction waste generated during the project activity. Also, there is a possibility that
various materials like fuel, lubricants oil and other oily products, which are used during
the construction phase may contaminate groundwater, if they are not handled properly.
During the construction phase, the sanitary wastewater will be generated at the
workers’ camp(s). If this wastewater is allowed to stagnate in water ponds on the site, it
can percolate into the soil, thereby, contaminating groundwater.
Persistent and prolonged withdrawal of groundwater higher than the safe yield limits of
the aquifer can initiate early depletion of aquifer. This situation can result in reduced
water supplies for other users who share the same groundwater resource. Abstraction
of the groundwater over and above the safe yield limit can produce serious
hydrological and environmental consequences.
Islamabad is already facing water scarcity issues and further abstraction can lead to:
 Early depletion of the aquifer resources;
 Persistent lowering of the water table;
 Reduced availability or non-availability of the groundwater to the neighbouring
communities sharing the same aquifer
These impacts are temporary and major negative in nature.

Mitigation measures will include;
 Protection of groundwater reserves from any source of contamination such as
the construction and oily waste that will degrade its potable quality;
 The solid waste will be disposed off in designated landfill sites to sustain the
water quality for domestic requirements;
 Water required for construction is obtained in such a way that the water
availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected;
 Permission must be sought from relevant authorities i.e. CDA/RDA before using
the water resources;
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 Regular water quality monitoring according to determined sampling schedule;

 Prohibit washing of machinery and vehicles in surface waters, provide sealed
washing basins and collect wastewater in sedimentation/retention pond;
 Continuous withdrawal and over pumping of groundwater should be avoided.
Instead, intermittent pumping be carried out to conserve the groundwater
resources;
 Take precautions construct temporary or permanent devices to prevent water
pollution due to increased siltation; and
 Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal site.
The Sanitation plan is attached as Annexure VII.
6.4.8 Biodiversity Conservation and Natural Resources
i). Flora
A total of 960 trees and ornamental plants, will be affected due to construction of
MBS, along the left side of the KHW from Peshawar Morr to Golra Morr and then in
the median line from Golra Morr to NIIA, due to widening of Kashmir Highway on
both sides up to 20 meter width on both sides.
During the entire construction period, dust laden polluted air will form a dust
film on the leaves, thus blocking sunshine and stomata, thereby hindering
photosynthesis process and consequently causing detrimental effect on the
plant health.
Mitigation measure will include;
 Every possible effort will be made to minimize the number of trees to be cut
during the construction stage;
 As the existing Kashmir Highway is to be widened up to a width of 20 meters
from Golra Morr to NIIA, from the center of the road on both sides, the trees
existing beyond width will not be removed;
 It is further recommended that only Paper Mulberry and Eucalyptus trees will be
removed, whereas, rest of the trees can be transplanted in the adjacent
available space as their size being small to medium and their transplantation, if
carried out efficiently with proper equipment, is possible;
 The contractor’s staff and labor should be strictly directed not to damage any
vegetation such as trees or bushes. Contractor will provide gas cylinders at the
camps for cooking purposes and cutting of trees/bushes for fuel will not be
allowed;
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 Contractor’s camps for labor or staff should be set up at sites having no

vegetation or minimum possible vegetation. Care will be taken that minimum
possible number of trees are affected due to such camps;
 Water sprinkling on the road should be carried out frequently and regularly to
reduce the dust while the construction material must be kept covered with
polythene, so that it does not add to dust pollution.
Transplantation
Out of nearly 610 trees within the required road width of the Kashmir Highway, which
are other than paper mulberry and Eucalyptus, can be transplanted. These trees are
of Shisham, Kachnar, Toot, Iple, etc. and are mostly of the size from small to
medium 1ft. to 4ft. girth (0.305 to 1.22m). Similarly all the ornamental plants
(approximately 350 in number) can be easily transplanted to other suitable places.
Transplantation involves the following steps:
(i) Digging around trees by excavator.
(ii) Making earthball of tree at its bottom, saving the roots as much as possible.
All this work is done manually.
(iii) Binding of earthballs with ropes and jute bags and covering it with plaster of
Paris.
(iv) Lifting of uprooted tree with crane, excavator and Dumper.
(v) Crane may be used for relocation of medium sized or big trees at a nearby
site where pits of proper size are already dug.
(vi) Plaster of Paris, jute bags and ropes must be removed before filling the new
pit with earth.
(vii) The entire operation must be completed within the same day.
CDA has the necessary expertise and equipment to carry out this job in the past
several years.
 Trees which are of undesirable species (Paper Mulberry and Eucalyptus)
should be removed and replaced with suitable species as per plantation plan
given in Chapter-8.
b). Fauna
On account of the movement of heavy machinery for construction purposes, fauna of
the area especially reptiles like lizards and snakes may either get killed or move to
adjoining places. Adjoining green belts in Kashmir Highway may be particularly
affected as lot of dense vegetation exists here. Similarly avifauna will be disturbed
_________________________________________________________________________________________
and scared away due to the noise created by heavy cranes, trucks, trailers and
excavators.
Refusal of human edibles from the Contractor’s camps may attract wildlife, that
might be hunted by the workers or staff employed by the Contractor, who will have
the tendency to shoot or catch the animals and birds for self-protection or add to
their menu. It is worth mentioning that wild boars and small mammals such as
porcupine, dare etc. have their hideouts in the vast green belt areas with dense
vegetation and these mammals are likely to visit the camp sites in search of food
frequently.
Mitigation measure will include;
 Over speeding shall be prohibited and construction machinery, vehicles and
equipment shall remain confined within their designated areas of movement to
avoid and minimize any accidental killing of fauna;
 Hunting, poaching and harassing of wild animals and birds should be strictly
prohibited and the contractors shall be held responsible for any such act of his
staff;
 Waste of the camps should be properly disposed of to prevent the chances of
its eating by wild animals, which may prove hazardous for them; and
 Noise control measures can be enforced during the construction phase such as
provision of silencers on heavy construction vehicles. It is further recommended
that activities, which are expected to generate more noise, should be executed
during the day time only.
Ecological Environment
As the existing trees and vegetation falling within the Row of proposed MBS and
within 20 meter width from the center of the Kashmir Highway on either side from
Golra Morr to NIIA are already removed, there will be no further damage to the flora
of the project site during the operation stage. Maximum possible number of trees of
suitable species will be raised during the operation stage, which will result in the
healthy impact on the flora of the area. Extensive planting will be carried out in the
project area, after completion of the project to compensate the loss of trees earlier.
The detail of plantation is provided in the plantation plan included in the report.
Both the flora and fauna are an integral part of the ecosystem. In many ways, fauna
of a tract is dependent upon the flora for its resting, nesting and roosting activities.
With the improved flora of the tract, due to raising large number of plants along the
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Kashmir Highways on both sides, the fauna and especially the avi-fauna will be
attracted to the area, adding to the scenic beauty of Islamabad. With the increased
vegetation and improved habitat, the fauna especially the avifauna, which had
migrated to adjoining areas, will return to their old dwellings.
The birds, which were scared away due to the noise and degradation of their habitat
during construction, will return or start visiting the area again so there will be a
positive effect on the fauna.
After the widening of the road, traffic will be smoother and quieter with lesser traffic
noise, resulting in fewer disturbances to the fauna.
6.4.9 Disposal of Mucking Material

Inevitable earthwork operations during project construction will open up scars on the
land around the project area. This impact is temporary and minor negative in nature.
Mitigation measure will include proper landscaping, which should be given due
consideration along with re-establishment of the local/indigenous vegetation. The
excavated materials that are unsuitable for use will need to be stored, transported and
disposed of appropriately at designated sites.
6.4.10 Disruption of Existing Public Utilities/ Infrastructure

There may be some disruption to the already existing utilities like electricity poles,
underground telephone lines, water supply lines, gas pipelines and power transmission
lines etc. in the project area during the construction phase. Deep excavation for the
construction may damage the structure stability of the surrounding building/service
roads and may result in foundation collapse of the structure. This impact is permanent
and negative in nature.
Mitigation measures will include rehabilitation of existing utilities before construction to

avoid any inconvenience to the residents of the project area or provide them with
alternate arrangement during the construction period. Before starting the excavation,
proper planning shall be done and soil investigations shall be thoroughly conducted to
develop understanding of the area. Further more, following shall be considered:
 Unnecessary excavation should be avoided;
 Excavations shall be carried out carefully to avoid damaging infrastructure in the
surroundings of the project area ;
 Temporary retaining structures shall be provided; and
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 NOCs from relevant departments should be arranged.
6.4.11 Traffic Management

Due to the construction activities, proper traffic management may pose a challenge
in the project area. This may result in traffic jams and cause inconvenience to the
people passing through the project area due to movement of vehicles carrying
construction materials. It will also increase the traffic load on the existing road
network, thus deteriorating the existing condition of the road. Also, the movement of
vehicles along the haulage routes may cause soil compaction and alteration of
percolation, and damage to properties and utilities. This impact is temporary and
minor negative in nature.

 Proper traffic management plan will be needed to avoid traffic jams/public
inconvenience;
 Movement of vehicles carrying construction materials should be restricted
during the daytime to reduce traffic load and inconvenience to the local
residents;
 Coordinated planning of traffic diversions by the traffic police and the Transport
Department in accordance with the construction program with advance
warnings to the affected residents and road users;
 Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment will move or be stationed in
the designated ROW to avoid un-necessary compaction of soil.
 Availability of continuous services of the police in the diversion and control of
traffic;
 The executing agency is required to maintain liaison between the Traffic Police,
local residents/ travelers and the contractor to facilitate traffic movement during
construction stage; and
 Traffic diversion plan should be communicated through print media and TV at
least one week before the commencement of work.
6.4.12 Economic Activity

Due to the construction of the proposed Project, economic activity will be generated
in the project area as the labourers and semi-skilled staff will have an opportunity to
work for the construction of the proposed project. This will help in developing their
skills and capacities. This is a moderate positive impact.
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6.4.13 Lifestyle and Culture

There are chances of arising of issues related to cultural differences/conflict between
the Contractor’s workforce and the local inhabitants, conflicts arising due to the
mixing of local and migratory job seekers as the use of local resources and products
will be increased. In this situation, local residents may resist contractor’s workforce
attitudes, cultural clashes particularly when local/international contractors are
engaged, social disturbance and dissatisfaction with employing outsiders may arise.
This impact is temporary and minor negative in nature.
This impact can be mitigated by adopting the following mitigation measures:

 Timely public notification and announcement of mobilizing equipment; and
 Local labour should be employed for construction works.
6.4.14 Impacts of Heavy Vehicles on the Existing Road Network & Sensitive
Receptors
The plying of heavy vehicles on the existing road network may result in air pollution
(if unpaved roads), noise pollution due to tire-road friction especially near sensitive
receptors and damage to roads and traffic congestion. However, the impacts would
be temporary and moderate negative in nature for which the following mitigation
measures are proposed:
 Any vehicle with an open load carrying area used for transport of potentially dust
producing materials shall have properly fitted side and tailboards. Materials
having potential to produce dust shall not be loaded to a level higher than the
side and tail boards and shall be covered with clean tarpaulin in good condition.
The tarpaulin shall be properly held and extended to at least 300 mm over the
edges of the sideboard and tailboard;
 The Contractor shall not use any vehicles either on or off road with grossly
excessive noise pollution. Noise mufflers shall be installed and maintained in
good condition on all motorized equipment under the control of the contractor;
 Timely maintenance of affected roads to avoid any inconvenience to the road
commuters.
6.4.15 Possibility of Finding the Artifacts

During excavation, there is a chance of finding artifacts In that case, the contractor
shall immediately report through Supervision Consultant to Directorate General (DG)
of Archeological Department, Government of Pakistan to take further suitable action
to preserve those antiques or sensitive remains. Chance finds procedure is given in
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Annex VIII and if need to be adopted in case of any accidental discover of cultural
heritage. Prior approval from Archeological department should be obtained if there is
any cultural resource/heritage site within 200 feet.
6.5 Anticipated Impacts during Operational Phase

The anticipated potential environmental impacts related to the proposed project have
been studied for the operational stage of the Project and are discussed as under.
6.5.1 Ecology
a) Flora
During the operation stage, landscaping will be done. Raising of new plants/trees at
available spaces will have a positive and permanent impact. No negative impacts are
envisaged on the flora during the operational phase. The presence of adequate flora,
along the road, will absorb flue gases, emitted from a large number of cars, vehicles
and public transport, which shall in turn improve air quality.
b) Fauna
In many ways, fauna of the project area is dependent upon flora for its resting, nesting
and roosting activities. With the improved flora of the project area, due to raising of
large number of trees, the fauna and especially the avi-fauna shall be attracted to the
area. The birds, which were scared away due to noise and degradation of their habitat,
shall return to the area. Plantation on both sides shall not only reduce the noise and air
pollution but will also be a source of attraction for the birds.
6.5.2 Surface and Groundwater

Project’s operation is unlikely to affect the nearby surface water bodies. No major
adverse impact on groundwater is anticipated during the operational phase with the
exception of some occasional oil spills, which may be restricted to the road surface,
however, may be sometimes washed into groundwater during rains etc. Also, there will
be no abstraction of groundwater for any of the project activities during the operation
phase.
6.5.3 Air Quality

The operational phase is expected to help in reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) by
reducing Vehicle-Kilometres Travelled (VKT), and replacing older and smaller vehicles
with newer, cleaner high-capacity buses. This impact is permanent and positive.
However, the emissions from busses cannot be absolutely eliminated.
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 Setting up of a system to monitor air quality along project area in accordance
with the applicable standards/limits;
 Roadside tree plantations as applicable and feasible under harsh climatic
conditions;
 Regular road maintenance to ensure good road surface condition and reduction
in wear and tear of vehicles; and
 Regular maintenance/checks of buses to control vehicular exhausts.
6.5.4 Noise
During the operational phase, the increased use of public transport may reduce the
private vehicles on the road. This may result in reduction of noise levels. This impact is
positive and permanent in nature.
6.5.5 Solid Waste

No hazardous waste is expected to be generated in operation phase except during
road maintenance works. However, municipal wastes from stations, refreshment and
ticketing booths comprising wrappings, papers, eatables, empty cans or bottles, food
residues etc. will be generated. The putrefaction of the organic component of the
uncollected wastes may give rise to odors. The uncollected waste may also act as
breeding grounds for the disease vectors and will affect the aesthetics of the project
area. Mitigation measures will include:
 Solid Waste generated from bus stops/bays will be properly disposed of through
provision of waste bins and local solid waste collection and management system.
 Proper labelling of containers shall be done, including the identification and
quantity of the contents;
 Management of hazardous waste during road maintenance will be similar as
given for construction phase.
 Installation of sign boards for solid waste at all the bus stops/bays of MBS shall
be done.
6.5.6 Reduction in Travel Times

Due to separate lanes and uninterrupted movement, Metro Bus systems can reduce
travel times for passengers. No long cues are expected due to automated ticketing
system and prepaid card systems facilitate passengers from waiting at the stations
for undefined time periods. These impacts are permanent and have a major positive
impact on social life of citizen.
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6.5.7 Drainage
During the operation phase any failure in drains operation (malfunction in electric
equipment and/or blockage of drains) may cause the following impact:
 Damage to the road surface;

 Inconvenience to commuter due to trash pooling; and
 Groundwater contamination.
This impact is permanent and negative in nature. Mitigation measure includes

routine inspection and maintenance of the drainage system.
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Section 7 Environmental Management And Monitoring Plan
SECTION - 7
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN
This section aims to address the measures which are needed to be adopted during
each phase of the project to avoid, contain, mitigate or compensate the potential
impacts identified in Section 6. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
(EMMP) is the major part of this section and it forms the gist of EIA study. EMMP not
only includes Best Management Practices (BMPs) but also includes monitoring
indicators, frequency, responsibility and estimated environmental budget. This
ensures that mitigation, monitoring and management consideration form a part of the
documentation used for decision making and the basic benefit of defining the
responsibilities is to make sure that the suggested mitigation measure will be
implemented at construction and operation stages of the project. Summary of the
mitigation measures for potential impacts is also been given in this section to support
EMMP. Moreover, framework for the implementation of EMMP has been discussed in
this section. Following sub plans are also the part of this section.
• Environmental Monitoring Plan

• Tree Plantation Plan
7.1 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMMP)
Environmental Monitoring will be undertaken during both the construction and
operational phases to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation
measures/BMPs. Responsibilities for the collection and analysis of data as well as
the reporting requirements have been outlined in the Environmental Management
and Monitoring Plan (EMMP) below in Table 7.1. Implementation of environmental
mitigation measures during construction is a key to avoiding and reducing short- and
long-term potential environmental impacts. Environmental cost has also been given
in the EMMP. Once conditions or mitigation measures have been defined in the
environmental review process, they should be included in technical specifications of
the contract documents. This incorporation of the environmental consideration into
the tender and contract document is a fundamental pre-requisite for effective
implementation of the EMMP.
7.2 Implementation of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EMMP)

The following staff will be involved in the implementation of EMMP:
• NHA Environmental Compliance Manger

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• Environmental Engineer from Environmental Monitoring Consultant.

• Site Environmental Engineer of the Contractor.
• Environmental Engineer from Supervision Consultant
The Project Director shall be made bound through contractual documents to

implement the suggested mitigation measures in the EMMP. The whole EMMP will
be included as a clause of the contract documents. The organizational setup for
implementation of EMMP is given below in Figure 7.1.
NHA
Environment
Compliance Manager
Responsible for inspection

for compliance
Monitoring Consultant Supervision

Consultant
Responsible for checking

and compliance of
Monitoring, reporting and
implementation of EMMP
technical assistance for
Contractor
Environmental
Engineer
Responsible for
Figure 7.1: Organizational Setup for implementation of EMMP
7.2.1 Roles and Responsibilities of the Functionaries involved in EMMP

Implementation
a) NHA (ECM)
An Environmental Representative of NHA will review the Environmental Monitoring
Reports and will direct the Environmental Monitoring Engineer of Monitoring
Consultant to provide any necessary information to assure efficient monitoring of the
EMMP.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Supervision Consultant
Supervision Consultant will have responsibility for assuring implementation of EMMP.
This includes the following:
 Ensuring that the required environmental training is provided to the staff concerned.
 The Supervision Consultant (SC) will be responsible for carrying out visits to the
construction sites to review the environmental performance of the contractors.
 Monitoring the progress of environment related activities.
 Make sure that the contractor is implementing the additional measures suggested by
the Monitoring Consultant in monthly environmental monitoring reports.
Monitoring Consultant: Environmental Engineer

An Environmental Engineer of Monitoring Consultant will supervise, monitor, report
and assist technically for the implementation of EMMP. The Environmental Engineer
will also suggest any additional mitigation measures if required.
Contractor: Site Environmental Engineer

The Site Environmental Engineer of the contractor will carry out the implementation
of the mitigation measures at the construction site. The contractor will be bound
through contract to take actions against all the special and general provisions of the
contract document.
7.3 Reporting Mechanism

Contractor’s environmental engineer will be responsible for implementation of
mitigation measures and their records while monitoring consultant will determine if
the mitigation is in place and its effectiveness or any corrective action is required.
Monitoring consultant will prepare a monthly compliance report based on his finding
and record provided by the contractor environmental engineer on monthly basis.
Monthly compliance report will be submitted to NHA environmental compliance
officer. The Environmental Engineer will also be responsible for submitting a monthly
EMMP compliance report for the project to NHA.
7.4 Non-Compliance of the EMMP

The implementation of the proposed EMMP involves inputs from various
functionaries as discussed earlier. The contractor will be primarily responsible for
ensuring implementation of the mitigation measures proposed in the EMMP, which
will be part of the contract documents. However, if the contractor fails to comply with
the implementation of EMMP and submission of the monthly compliance reports,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
deductions will be made from the payments to the Contractor claimed under the head
of environmental components.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 7.1: Environmental Management Plan

Sr.
Parameters Target Mitigation Responsibility
No.
Design Phase
1 Design & layout To ensure stability of  All structural layout and engineering designing of NHA & DC
planning structures and positive use MBS should be in strict accordance with the
of land and resources. applicable by-laws and engineering parameters.
2 Topography To avoid any change in  Provision of embankments, designed by NHA & DC
topography of the project considering the Geotechnical investigation studies.
area  Due consideration should be given to aesthetic
improvement during the design phase.
3 Land Acquisition To avoid/minimize any land  Careful alignment and route selection by the NHA & DC
and Resettlement disputes designer to minimize the impact by avoiding the
commercial area as far as possible; and
 Adequate budget will be provided in the project cost
for the compensation to the affected people as per
Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and framing of a
judicious and fair compensation package for
provision of compensation on at least the prevailing
market rates.
4 Social Issues To minimize inconvenience  Public awareness through media, proper traffic NHA & DC
for the public diversion plans, appropriate sign boards, and timely
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completion of the project. Whereas, in operation
phase provision of pedestrian overhead bridges or
crossings on every bus station shall be considered
in design.
5 Flora To avoid the cutting of  The route selection of MBS shall be done to NHA & DC
trees as far as possible. minimize removal of green belts especially patches
holding trees/plants; However, transplantation of
affected trees shall be planned, where
transplantation is not practically possible,
compensatory plantation of ten (10) trees against
each fallen tree of similar floral function shall be
planned; and
 Disallow introduction of exotic species with known
environmental setbacks (Eucalyptus, etc.) and
encourage plantation of indigenous species.
6 Air Quality & Noise To avoid air and noise  Special care should be taken during design phase NHA & DC
pollution in the project for protection of hospitals and schools e.g.
area provision of noise barriers may be considered in
design of the proposed project.
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7 Public Utilities To avoid disturbance to the  Incorporate technical design features to minimize NHA & DC
public. affect on public utilities; and
 All public utilities likely to be affected by the
proposed project need to be relocated/rehabilitated
well ahead of the commencement of construction
work.
8 Seismic Hazard To minimize the structural  The proposed MBS and bus bays/stations shall be NHA & DC
damage designed and constructed to withstand low to
moderate earthquakes. For seismic hazard
analysis, updated structural and seismic
evaluations will be consulted.
9 Resource To conserve the natural  Wastage of water should be reduced by training the NHA & DC
Conservation resources workers involved in water use;
 Source of water should be carefully selected. Water
use should not disturb the existing community
water supplies;
 Ensure adequate insulation to reduce heat loss
through batching plants; and
 Regularly monitor CO and CO 2 content of the flue
gases to verify that combustion systems are using
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practical excess air volumes.
10 Visual Impact To conserve the aesthetic  MBS may move in mixed traffic to minimize NHA & DC
of the area disturbance to the existing arrangements of the
road.
 If MBS along with mixed traffic is not a feasible
option, the dedicated lanes may be separated by
cat eyes instead of fencing the corridor for beauty
enhancement of the corridor;
 Provision of the underground pedestrian crossing
should be considered in design;
 Public awareness on avoiding crossing shall be
planned; and
 Strict security check shall be planned to avoid
crossings on road
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11 Drainage To ensure safe disposal of  Mitigation measures will include provision of NHA & DC
effluent appropriate drainage structures and storm water
pumping station in design. Proper slopes shall be
incorporated in design feature to avoid the
formation of the water layer on road surfaces in
rainy seasons.
Construction Phase
1 Soil To minimize soil erosion  All spoils will be disposed off as desired and the CC , SC
and contamination. site will be restored back to its original conditions;
 Non-bituminous wastes from construction activities
will be dumped in approved sites, in line with the
legal prescriptions for dumpsites, and covered;
 As applicable and needed, plantation of grasses
and shrubs will be done at appropriate place where
required;
 Excavations would be kept confined to the specified
foundation spots as per the approved engineering
drawings. Unnecessary excavations should be
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avoided;
 Site camps for the resident labor should not be
setup on the land earmarked for developing green
belts and lawns;
 Oils, lubricants, chemicals, and other listed
hazardous materials should be stored safely at their
designated spots, enclosures or store rooms, which
should be safe from rainfall and away from any
potential source of fire;
 Septic tanks of adequate capacities should be
constructed for receiving and treating wastewater
from all temporary worksite toilets and at the
temporary container offices, if any. The toilet
wastewater should not be discharged untreated
onto the adjacent lands;
 All machineries and materials should be stored at
the designated areas and compounds;
 All the unspent and left over materials be
completely removed offsite upon completion of
construction and the site be restored to original or
near to original condition; and
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 Washout from washing of equipment and gadgets
should be drained into either a septic tank or a
sand-gravel bed for removal of the grit and
contaminants.
2 Land Acquisition, To minimize land  Land management and providing judicious CC , SC
Resettlement and acquisition and compensation to the affectees by providing
Compensation resettlement sufficient budget in the Project cost. The process of
land acquisition and compensation will be followed
in a transparent manner to minimize the impacts.
3 Camp Site To minimize loss of assets  Implement Waste Management Plan to ensure safe CC , SC, NHA
and vegetation/forests due handling, storage, collection and disposal of
to labor movement. construction wastes and the training of employees
who handle waste.
 Provision of the pit latrines, septic tanks for camps
to treat the sanitary wastewater before its discharge
into public sewer
 All efforts during the design stage should be made
to minimize the removal of existing macro-plants at
camp sites;
 Photographical and botanical inventory of
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vegetation before clearing the site;
 Compensatory plantation to be scheduled when
construction work near ends; and
 The contractor(s) shall ensure removal &
rehabilitation of site upon completion.
4 Health and safety of To minimize health risks  Obligatory insurance against accidents for CC, SC
workers and laborers/workers;
associated  Providing basic medical training to specified work
communities staff and basic medical service and supplies to
workers;
 Layout plan for camp site, indicating safety
measures taken by the contractor, e.g. fire fighting
equipment, safe storage of hazardous material, first
aid, security, fencing, and contingency measures in
case of accidents;
 Work safety measures and good workmanship
practices are to be followed by the contractor to
ensure no health risks for laborers;
 Protection devices (ear muffs) should be provided
to the workers doing job in the vicinity of high noise
generating machines;
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 Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, cooking
and dormitory facilities including light up to
satisfaction;
 Proper maintenance of facilities for workers will be
monitored;
 Provision of protective clothing for laborers
handling hazardous materials, e.g. helmet,
adequate footwear for bituminous pavement works,
protective goggles, gloves etc;
 Ensure strict use of wearing these protective
clothing during work activities;
 Elaboration of a contingency planning in case of
major accidents;
 Instruct foremen to strictly enforce the keeping out
of non-working persons, particularly children, off
work sites;
 Adequate signage, lightning devices, barriers,
yellow tape and persons with flags during
construction to manage traffic at construction sites,
haulage and access roads;
 There should be proper control on construction
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No.
activities and oil spillage leakage of vehicles;
 The labor with different transmittable diseases
should be restricted within the construction site;
 Efforts will be made to create awareness about
road safety among the drivers operating
construction vehicles;
 Timely public notification of planned construction
works;
 Close consultation with local communities to
identify optimal solutions for diversions to maintain
community integrity & social links;
 Seeking cooperation with local educational facilities
for road safety campaigns;
 Provision of proper safety and diversion signage,
particularly at sensitive/accident-prone spots;
 Setting up speed limits in close consultation with
the local stakeholders;
 If identified, consider additional guard rails at
accident-prone stretches and sensitive locations
(schools & hospitals);
 The communicable disease of most concern during
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No.
construction phase, like sexually-transmitted
disease (STDs) such as HIV/AIDS, should be
prevented by successful initiative typically involving
health awareness; education initiatives; training
heath workers in disease treatment; immunization
program and providing health service;
 Reducing the impacts of vector borne diseases on
long-term health effect of workers should be
accomplished through implementation of diverse
interventions aimed at eliminating the factors that
lead to disease, which includes: Prevention of larval
and adult propagation of vectors through sanitary
improvements and elimination of breeding habitat
close to human settlements and by eliminating any
unusable impounding of water;
 During construction work pedestrian and vehicular
passages should be provided for crossing near
settlement;
 Fencing around the camps should be strong
enough so that it cannot be broken easily by local
people for making passages; and
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No.
 Use of water should not disturb public water
availability and source of water should be selected
carefully.
5 Emergency To be prepared for  An Emergency Response Plan for earthquakes and CC, SC
Response emergency manmade disasters shall be implemented in close
consultation with the Rescue 1122 Service, Fire
Fighting Department, bomb disposal squad and
paramedics. In addition, training of the
staff/employees regarding the emergency
procedures/plans will be regularly conducted.
6 Air Quality To minimize air pollution  All vehicles, machinery, equipment and generators CC, SC
used during construction activities should be kept in
good working condition and be properly tuned and
maintained in order to minimize the exhaust
emissions;
 Blowing of dust from potential sources at the
worksite should be avoided by shielding them from
the exterior, for example using polythene curtains
or raising a fence of corrugated sheets around
areas of active constructions;
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 Blowing of dust and particulate matter from
stockpiled loose materials (e.g. sand, soil) should
be avoided either by sheeting them with tarpaulin or
plastic sheets or by sprinkling them with light
shower of water;
 Open burning of solid waste from the Contractor’s
camps should be strictly banned;
 Preventive measures against dust should be
adopted for on-site mixing and unloading
operations. Regular water sprinkling of the site
should be carried out to suppress excessive dust
emission(s);
 Only good quality oils, petroleum products,
additives and spares should be used in the
machinery, generators, and the construction
vehicles. Usage of used oil should be strictly
prohibited;
 Emissions from power generators and construction
machinery are important point sources at the
construction sites. Proper maintenance and repair
is needed to minimize the hazardous emissions;
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and
 NEQS applicable to gaseous emissions generated
by construction vehicles, equipment and machinery
should be enforced during construction works.
7 Noise To minimize noise pollution  Selection of up-to-date and well maintained plant or CC, SC
equipment with reduced noise levels ensured by
suitable in-built damping techniques or appropriate
muffling devices;
 Confining excessively noisy work to normal working
hours in the day, as far as possible;
 Providing the construction workers with suitable
hearing protection like ear cap, or earmuffs and
training them in their use;
 Preferably, restricting construction vehicles
movement during night time;
 Heavy machinery like percussion hammers and
pneumatic drills should not be used during the night
without prior approval of the client;
 Vehicles and equipment used should be fitted, as
applicable, with silencers and properly maintained;
 Use of low noise machinery, or machinery with
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noise shielding and absorption;
 Contractors should comply with submitted work
schedule, keeping noisy operations away from
sensitive points; implement regular maintenance
and repairs; and employ strict implementation of
operation procedures;
 Noise barriers in sensitive areas in the form of high
boundary walls (concrete or wood), earth berms,
etc.
 Public hearings to discuss appropriate solutions
and materials to control noise (e.g. mud or brick
walls, bushes, etc.).
8 Solid Waste To minimize the Solid  Wastewater effluent from contractor’s workshop CC, SC
(Construction Waste Waste and equipment washing yards would be passed
and Hazardous through gravel/ sand beds to remove oil/ grease
Waste) contaminants before discharging it into natural
streams;
 An efficient and responsive solid waste
management system should be devised for the
entire duration of the construction phase. Such a
system should provide for separate collection of
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different categories of constructional wastes. The
wastes which will be reusable/recyclable (iron bars,
aluminum) should be sold to waste vendors and
those which cannot be sold out (brick pieces) may
be used as a filling material for leveling the
depressions, subject to technical feasibility;
 Training of working force in the storage and
handling of materials and chemicals that can
potentially cause soil contamination;
 Solid waste generated during construction and
camp sites will be safely disposed in demarcated
waste disposal sites and the contractor will provide
a proper waste management plan;
 Proper labeling of containers, including the
identification and quantity of the contents, hazard
contact information etc.;
 Training of employees involved in the transportation
of hazardous material regarding emergency
procedures;
 Providing the necessary means for emergency
response on call 24 hours/day;
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 The sewage system for camps will be properly
designed (pit latrines or, as required, septic tanks)
to receive all sanitary wastewaters;
 Lined wash areas will be constructed within the
camp site or at site, for the receipt of wash waters
from construction machinery;
 Use of pesticides in nurseries will be done deemed
necessary and suggested by the experts;
 Insecticides that are less toxic to human health
should be used;
 Construction workers and supervisory staff should
be encouraged and educated to practice waste
minimization, reuse and recycling to reduce
quantity of the waste for disposal; and
 Prohibit open burning of solid waste.
9 Surface and To avoid contamination of  Protection of groundwater reserves from any CC, SC
Groundwater wastewater bodies and source of contamination such as the construction
groundwater and oily waste that will degrade its potable quality;
 The solid waste will be disposed off in designated
landfill sites to sustain the water quality for
domestic requirements;
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 Water required for construction is obtained in such
a way that the water availability and supply to
nearby communities remain unaffected;
 Regular water quality monitoring according to
determined sampling schedule;
 Prohibit washing of machinery and vehicles in
surface waters, provide sealed washing basins and
collect wastewater in sedimentation/retention pond;
 Continuous withdrawal and over pumping of
groundwater should be avoided. Instead,
intermittent pumping be carried out to conserve the
groundwater resources;
 Construct temporary or permanent devices to
prevent water pollution due to increased siltation;
and
 Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to
approve disposal site.
10 Flora To minimize the impact on  Efforts shall be made to avoid the removal of green CC, SC, NHA
flora belts, however, if removal of trees is unavoidable;
compensatory plantation shall be done and ten (10)
trees shall be planted in compensation of one
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affected tree.
 Camp sites will be established on waste/barren
land rather than social and commercial land.
However, if such type of land is not available, it will
be ensured that minimum clearing of the vegetation
is carried out and minimum damage is caused to
trees and undergrowth;
 Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment
will remain confined within their designated areas of
movement;
 The Contractor’s staff and labour will be strictly
directed not to damage any vegetation such as
trees or bushes;
 Contractor will provide gas cylinders at the camps
for cooking purposes and cutting of trees/bushes
for fuel will not be allowed; and
 A tree plantation program will be formulated in
consultation with the CDA/RDA along the project
area at available sites.
11 Disposal of Mucking To minimize the scars on  Proper landscaping, which should be given due CC, SC
Material the land in the project area consideration along with re-establishment of the
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local/indigenous vegetation. The excavated
materials that are unsuitable for use will need to be
stored, transported and disposed of appropriately at
designated sites.
12 Public Utilities and To minimize the  Rehabilitation of existing utilities before CC, SC
Infrastructure disturbance to public construction to avoid any inconvenience to the
utilities and infrastructure residents of the project area or provide them with
alternate arrangement during the construction
period.
13 Traffic Management To minimize traffic  Proper traffic management plan will be needed to Traffic Police,
problems in the project avoid traffic jams/public inconvenience; CC
area  Movement of vehicles carrying construction
materials should be restricted during the daytime to
reduce traffic load and inconvenience to the local
residents;
 Coordinated planning of traffic diversions by the
traffic police and the Transport Department in
accordance with the construction program with
advance warnings to the affected residents and
road users;
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 Construction vehicles, machinery and equipment
will move or be stationed in the designated ROW to
avoid un-necessary compaction of soil.
 Availability of continuous services of the police in
the diversion and control of traffic; and
 The executing agency is required to maintain
liaison between the Traffic Police, local residents/
travelers and the contractor to facilitate traffic
movement during construction stage.
14 Lifestyle and Culture To minimize cultural  Timely public notification and announcement of CC, SC, NHA
conflicts mobilizing equipment;
 Local labor should be employed for construction
works
 Water supply and sanitation facilities, Contractor’s
workforces should exacerbate the existing
shortages and environmental hazards; contractor
should primarily seek their own sources of water in
due distance (min. 1 km) from local user’s wells.
15 Heavy Vehicles on To minimize negative  Any vehicle with an open load carrying area used CC, SC, Traffic
the Existing Road impacts on existing road for transport of potentially dust producing materials and Police
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Network & Sensitive and surroundings. shall have properly fitted side and tailboards. Department
Receptors Materials having potential to produce dust shall not
be loaded to a level higher than the side and tail
boards and shall be covered with clean tarpaulin in
good condition. The tarpaulin shall be properly
secured and extended to at least 300 mm over the
edges of the sideboard and tailboard;
 The Contractor shall not use any vehicles either on
or off road with grossly excessive noise pollution.
Noise mufflers shall be installed and maintained in
good condition on all motorized equipment under
the control of the Contractor;
 Timely maintenance of affected roads to avoid any
inconvenience to the road commuters.
Operational Phase
1 Flora Raising of compensatory  A large number of plants will be raised in and NHA &
plantation around the project area at available spaces. The CDA/RDA
presence of adequate flora, along the road, will
absorb flue gases, emitted from a large number of
cars, vehicles and public transport, which shall in
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turn improve air quality.
 Organic farming will be encouraged to minimize the
use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
2 Air Quality To minimize air pollution  Setting up of a system to monitor air quality along NHA &
project area in accordance with the applicable CDA/RDA
standards/limits;
 Roadside tree plantations as applicable and
feasible under harsh climatic conditions;
 Regular road maintenance to ensure good road
surface condition and reduction in wear and tear of
vehicles; and
 Regular maintenance/checks of buses to control
vehicular exhausts.
3 Solid Waste To minimize the Solid  Solid Waste generated from bus stops/bays will be NHA &
Waste properly disposed off through provision of waste CDA/RDA
bins and local solid waste collection and
management system.
 Proper labelling of containers shall be done,
including the identification and quantity of the
contents;
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 Management of hazardous waste during road
maintenance will be similar as given for
construction phase.
 Installation of sign boards for solid waste at all the
bus stops/bays of MBS, Islamabad shall be done
4 Drainage To ensure safe disposal of  Routine inspection and maintenance of the NHA &
effluent drainage system CDA/RDA
KEY
DC Design Consultant CC Construction Contractor
CDA Capital Development Authority RDA Rawalpindi Development Authority
SC Supervision Consultant
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _
Section 7
Environmental Management And Monitoring Plan
7.5 Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Monitoring will be undertaken during both the construction and
operational phases to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed mitigation measures.
Certain environmental parameters will be selected and quantitative analysis will be
carried out. The results of analysis will be compared with the guidelines; standards
and pre-project conditions to investigate whether the EMP and its implementation are
effective for the mitigation of impacts or not. Parameters to be analyzed during
construction and operation of the project and responsibilities for monitoring and
reporting have been discussed below. A cost estimate for this measurement of
parameters is given in Table 7.2.
7.5.1 Construction Phase

a) Air Quality
Air quality monitoring will be carried out as per monitoring plan during the
construction phase at the representative locations. The parameters mentioned in
NEQS will be monitored to assess the air quality.
b) Ground Water Quality

Groundwater quality monitoring will be carried out as per monitoring plan during the
NEQS will be monitored to assess the groundwater quality.
c) Wastewater Quality
Surface water quality monitoring will be carried out as per monitoring plan during the
NEQS will be monitored to assess the surface water quality.
d) Noise Levels
The noise level monitoring will be carried out as per monitoring plan at representative
locations in the project area.
7.5.2 Operational Phase

a) Air Quality
Air quality monitoring will be carried out as per monitoring plan during the operational
phase at the representative locations. The parameters mentioned in NEQS will be
monitored to assess the air quality.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section 7
Environmental Management And Monitoring Plan
b) Ground Water Quality

Groundwater quality monitoring will be carried out as per monitoring plan during the
operational phase at the representative locations. The parameters mentioned in
NEQS will be monitored to assess the groundwater quality.
c) Wastewater Quality
Surface water quality monitoring will be carried out as per monitoring plan during the
operational phase at the representative locations. The parameters mentioned in
NEQS will be monitored to assess the surface water quality.
d) Noise Levels
The noise level monitoring will be carried out as per monitoring plan at representative
locations in the project area.
7.5.3 Responsibilities for Monitoring and Reporting

The EC will be responsible for environmental monitoring and reporting throughout the
construction and operation phases. A monitoring report will be prepared on monthly
basis and one comprehensive report will be prepared annually. Contents of the report
will include results of environmental monitoring in comparison to the standards for the
various parameters, location and sampling time along with recommendations. One
report will be submitted during the construction phase to each of the following
authorities and institutions: (i) NHA (ii) CDA/RDA and (iii) Pak EPA whereas, one
report will be submitted to Pak EPA during the operational phase.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 7.2: Budget Estimate for Environmental Monitoring During the Construction and Operation Phases
Components Parameters No. of Samples Frequency Responsibility Duration Cost (Rs.)
(No. of Samples
x Frequency x
Year)
Construction Phase (06 Months)
Air Quality All NEQS parameters 5x6x1 = 30 Monthly Contractor/EC 24 hours 900,000/-
Ground Water
All NEQS parameters 5x6x1 = 30 Monthly Contractor/EC - 750,000/-
Quality
Surface Water
Quality All NEQS parameters 5x6x1 = 30 Monthly Contractor/EC - 750,000/-
Noise Level - 5x6x1 = 30 Monthly Contractor/EC 24 hours 240,000/-

TOTAL 2,640,000/-
Operation Phase (1 year)
Air Quality All NEQS parameters 1x2x1 = 2 Biannually NHA 24 hours 60,000/-
Ground Water NHA
All NEQS parameters 1x2x1 =2 Biannually - 50,000/-
Quality
Surface Water NHA
All NEQS parameters 1x2x1 = 2 Biannually - 50,000/-
Quality
Noise Level - 1x2x1 = 2 Biannually NHA 24 hours 16,000/-
TOTAL 176,000/-
GRAND TOTAL 2,816,000/-
KEY
EC – Environmental Committee
NHA- National Highways Authority
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section - 7 Environmental Monitoring and Management Plan
7.6 Plantation
Three rows of plants will be raised on either side of the Kashmir Highway in
Package-IV, from Islamabad Motor Way Interchange to NIIA, as the proposed MBS
is to operate in the center of the Kashmir Highway, plantation can be carried out only
on the two sides of the Kashmir Highway. Length of this portion is 5.5 Kilometers. If 3
rows are raised on either side, the total number of avenue kilometers to be planted in
this portion, comes to 33 Avenue Kilometers.
In Package-III, from Islamabad Motorway interchange to GT Road, Eucalyptus

plantation already exists on both sides of the Kashmir Highway. As eucalyptus is an
undesirable species and plantation is also scanty in almost 40 % of the area,
therefore it is recommended that 2 rows of new plantation may be raised in this
portion. Length of this portion is 8.3 kilometers and if 2 rows of plants are to be grown
in this portion of Kashmir Highway, total avenue kilometers of plantation, to be raised
in this portion comes to 37.2 Kilometers.
Similarly in Package-II, having a length of 3.8 Kilometers, two rows of plants shall be
raised on either side of the Kashmir Highway, as the alignment of the MBS route is in
the center of the KHW. In this portion, 14.2 Kilometer of avenue plantation shall be
grown.
Length of Package-IB is 4.2 Kilometers and here also 2 rows of plants shall be grown
on either side of the Metro Bus Service route. Therefore total Avenue Kilometer
plantation to be raised in this portion comes to 16.8 Kilometers.
Package-IA is almost one kilometer in length and here one row of plants shall be
grown on either side of the MBS route. Therefore number of Avenue kilometer
plantation to be raised in this portion is 2 kilometers.
Grand total of Avenue kilometers to be grown along the entire 25.6 Kilometer length
comes to 103.2 Avenue kilometers. Leaving the area for underpasses and
interchanges, plantation is expected to be raised on 102 Avenue kilometers. Plant to
plant distance in a row shall be kept as 4 meters, therefore 250 plants shall be grown
in one Avenue Kilometer. So a total number of 25,500 plants are proposed to be
grown in lieu of 960 effected plants, which is more than 25 times of the effected
trees.
Outer most row will consist of large, shady and evergreen trees. Trees recommended
are given in Table 7.3.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 7.3: Trees to be planted during Operation along Kashmir Highway in Outer Most
Row
S.No. Local Name Scientific Name Remarks
1. Chir Pinus rioxburghii Tree
2. Bahera Terminalia beleria Tree
3. Shisham Dalbergia sissoo Tree
4. Asmani Ailanthus altissima Tree
5. Simal Bombax Ceiba Tree
6. Gul-e-Nashtar Erythrina suberosa Tree
7. Peepal Ficus religiosa Tree
Second row will consist of plants with small to medium height. These plants should
preferably be ornamental as well. Trees recommended for this second row are given
in Table 7.4.
Table 7.4: Trees to be planted along 2nd Row
S.No. Local Name Scientific Name Remarks
1. Alstonia Alstonia scholaris Tree
2. Bottle Brush Callistemon lanceolatus Tree
3. Jacarand Jacaranda mimisofolia Tree
4. Magnolia Magnolia grandiflora Tree
5. Sirris Albizzia lebbek Tree
6. Kachnar Bauhinia variegate Tree
7. Amaltas Cassia fistula Tree
8. Gul Mohar Poinciana regia Tree
9. Such Chain Pongamia glabra Tree
The shrubs recommended to be raised in the innermost third line or median line are
given in Table 7.5.
Table 7.5: Shrubs to be planted along Inner Most line or Median Line
S. No. Local Name Scientific Name Remarks
1. Bongain villa Bougain villae spcies Climber
2. Cassila glauca Peeli Booti Shrub
3. Safed Phool Dentzia scorba Shrub
4. Kaner Nerium Shrub
5. Lagerstroemia or Queen of Flower Lagertroemia Indica Shrub
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7.6.1 Plantation Cost

A total 25,500 plants will be raised in lieu of 960 trees and ornamental median plants,
which are liable to be removed or transplanted during the construction of the project.
Thus the numbers of plants to be raised are more than 25 times the plants to be
removed/transplanted. The cost of plantation includes the cost of equipment and
initial planting and maintenance for first four years. The tentative cost of equipment is
given in Table 7.6 below.
Table 7.6: Tentative Cost o Equipment
S. No. Name of Equipment No. Price (Rs.)
1. Tractor 2 20,00,000
2. Water Tanker/Bowzer 2 10,00,000
3. Kassies (Local Earth Digging Tool) 100 20,000
4. Vaholas (Local Earth Digging Tool) 100 20,000
5. Lift Pump for filling Water Tanker/Bowzer 2 150,000
6. Cost of Diesel for 4 years 200,000
Sub-total 33,90,000
or say 34,00,000
Following Tables (Table 7.7 to 7.10) show the cost break-up of planting and
maintenance of one Avenue Kilometer of plantation (250 Plants) for period o four
years.
Table 7.7: Estimated Cost of Plantation of 250 Plants for First Year
Sr. Particulars of Work Quantity Rate Amount
No. (Rupees) (Rs.)
1. Clearance of site 250 plants (2 500/MD 1000
MD)
2. Layout 250 plants (1 500/MD 500
MD)
3. Digging of Pits 2.65 x 250= 662.50 cft. 250 plants 500/MD 5,000
(232.53 m3) (10 MD)
4. Average cost of plants 250 plants Rs. 30/- 7,500
5. Carriage of plants 250 Nos. from Nursery 250 plants Rs. 5 per 1,250
to Site including loading/unloading plant
6. Planting of plants with ball of earth 250 plants (5 500/MD 2,500
MD)
7. Replacement of earth with silt 1 cft. (0.351 250 cft. Lumpsum 1000
__________________________________________________________________________________________
m3) Per pit 500 cft. (175.5 m3)

8. Hand watering 200 times x 250 = 50,000 50,000 500/MD 50,000
plants plants
(100 MD)
9. Weeding 4 times 250x4 1000 plants 500/MD 1000
(2 MD)
10. Miscellaneous 250
Sub-Total 70,000
Table 7.8: Estimated Cost of Plantation of 20% (50) plants and maintenance for
Second Year
Sr. No. Particulars of Work Quantity Rate Amount (Rs.)
(Rupees)
1. Restocking of 20% plants 50 No. 30.00 each 1,500
2. Carriage of plants from 50 No. Rs. 5/- per 250
Nursery to site including plant
loading/ unloading
3. Re-digging of pits 20% 50 No. 50 No. (2 MD) 500/MD 1000
4. Planting of plants with ball of 50 No. (1 MD) 500/MD 500
earth – 100 No.
5. Hand watering 150 times 37,500 plants 500/MD 37,500
150x500 = 37,500 plants (75 MD)
6. Reopening of pits twice 1 cft 450 cft (3 MD) 500/MD 1,500
per pit (200+250) = 450 cft
(157.95 m3)
7. Weeding twice 250x2 500 Nos. of 500/MD 500
plants (1 MD)
Sub-Total 43,000
Table 7.9: Estimated Cost of Plantation of 20% (50) plants and maintenance for Third
Year
(Rupees)
1. Restocking of 20% plants 50 No. 30.00 each 1,500
2. Carriage of plants from 50 No. Rs. 5/- per 250
__________________________________________________________________________________________

(Rupees)
Nursery to site including plant
loading/ unloading
3. Re-digging of pits 20% 60 No. 50 No. (2 MD) 500/MD 1000
4. Planting of plants with ball of 50 No. (1 MD) 500/MD 500
earth – 50 No.
5. Hand watering 150 times 200 37,500 plants 500/MD 37,500
plants (75 MD)
6. Reopening of pits twice 1 cft 450 cft (3 MD) 500/MD 1,500
per pit (200+250) = 450 cft
(157.95 m3)
7. Weeding twice 250x2 500 Nos. 500/MD 500
(1 MD)
Sub-Total 43,000
Table 7.10: Estimated Cost for maintaining 250 plants for Fourth Year
(Rupees)
1. Hand watering 100 times 25,000 plants 500/MD 25,000
50x250 = 25,000 plants (50 MD)
2. Weeding twice 250x2 500 Nos. 500/MD 500
(1 MD)
3. Trimming/pruning of plants 250 No. 500/MD 1,500
(3 MD)
Sub-Total 27,500
Grand Total 183,500
Costing for raising 250 plants and their maintenance for four years Rs. 183,500/-
Cost for raising 25,500 plants and their maintenance for four years Rs. 1,87,17,000/-
Cost of Equipment Rs. 34,00,000/-
Total cost for raising 25,500 Plants and their maintenance for 4 Rs. 1,87,51,000/- or
years say 18.751 Millions
Cost for raising one plant and its maintenance for four years Rs. 736/-
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7.7 Environmental Technical Assistance and Training Plan

In order to raise the level of professional and managerial staff, there is a need to
upgrade their knowledge in the related areas. The EC should play a key role in this
respect and arrange the trainings.
An environmental and social training and Technical Assistance (TA) program is to be

carried out before the implementation of the project. Contractor’s environmental
awareness and appropriate knowledge of environmental protection is critical to the
successful implementation of the EMP because without appropriate environmental
awareness, knowledge and skills required for the implementation of the mitigation
measures, it would be difficult for the Contractor(s) workforce to implement effective
environmental protection measures. A suitable training program is proposed to train
the Contractor(s) staff who will be involved in the Construction Phase and the
professional staff from the client involved at the operational stage of the project.
The CDA/RDA will engage TA consultant to manage the environmental training

program. The objective of the TA will be, to help in establishment of appropriate
systems, and to train senior CDA/RDA staff and EC responsible for managing
environment, operations, and planning, who can then impart training at a broader
level within and outside the CDA/RDA (i.e., the training of trainers). The TA
consultant will organize training courses for CDA/RDA and contractor staff to train
them in specialized areas such as air and noise pollution monitoring; develop
environment operation manuals in consultation with the Pak EPA. The details of this
training program are presented in Table 7.11
Table 7.11: Personnel Training Program/ TA Services
Provided by Contents Trainees/Events Duration
TA consultants/ Short seminars and Three seminars for 2 days
organizations courses on: RDA and Contractor
specializing in Environmental laws project staff
environmental and regulations, daily
management and monitoring and
monitoring supervision
TA consultants/ Short seminars and Three seminars for 2 days
organizations courses on: project staff dealing
specializing in social Social awareness in Social/lands
management and matters
monitoring
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Provided by Contents Trainees/Events Duration

TA consultants/ Short lectures relating Two seminars for 2 days
organizations to Occupational Safety contractor’s staff
specializing in and Health
Occupational, health
and safety issues
7.8 Environmental Monitoring, Mitigation and Training Cost

The cost required to effectively implement the mitigation measures is important for
the sustainability of the Project both in the construction and operation stages of the
Project. The total environmental cost has been worked out to be 10 Million which is
part of PC-1 which includes environmental monitoring cost and miscellaneous items
cost. Tree plantation cost has been worked out to be Rs. 1,87,51,000/- while there is
a provision of Rs. 141,294,240/- (i.e. 1% of total cost) for landscaping and
horticulture work in the PC-1.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
ANNEX
Annex-I
Quarry Management Plan
QUARRY MANAGEMENT PLAN
The contractor is responsible for extraction of resources for the construction aggregate from
quarry area is required to prepare and implement a Quarry Management Plan (QMP). The
overall objective of the QMP is to manage the extraction and processing of a valuable
aggregate resource while avoiding, remedying or mitigating adverse effects on the environment
and enhancing environmental performance wherever practicable.
The activities conducted in quarry areas are carried out under license or a mining lease under
the Punjab Mining Concession, Rule 2002. The lease is issued based on open bidding. The
lease is granted for a period not exceeding five years.The leased area may be re-auctioned
within three months before its expiry but if the auction or the grant of lease is delayed due to the
certain reason, the licensing authority may extend the period of previous lease upto the date of
next grant.
The Licensing Authority of the Mine and Mineral Department shall inspect the lessee during the
operation.If on inspection or otherwise, the licensing authority is of the opinion that lessee is
working in a manner contrary to the conservation of mineral property or safety of workers and
other people, the licensing Authority require the lessee, in writing, to remove the defects or
amend the method of mining within the period, not exceeding two months, as is determined by
the Licensing Authority. If thelessee fails to comply withthe instruction within the specified
period, the licensing authority shall have the power to stop the work of extraction of mineral in
whole or in any part of the area demised under lease till such time that the defects are removed
to the satisfaction of the Licensing Authority and if the defects are not removedor the method of
mining are not amended to the satisfaction of the licensing authority within two months from the
date of stoppage of work the lease shall be cancelled and bid money already paid shall be
forfeited. Inspectorate of mines will ensure the safe mining practices, authorized mining and
worker health and safety. Environmental Protection Department (EPD) also plays vital role in
environmental monitoring of the criteria pollutant at the Quarry area.
1.1 Key Quarry Activities
The Key activities identified in extraction of material from quarry are discussed as under:
A) Pre Operation
Pre Operation includes Land clearing and Overburden stripping
B) Quarry Operation
Quarry Operation includes:
 Excavation of rock
 Loading and transportation of rock
 Crushing and stockpiling
 Asphalt manufacturing
 Water supply
 Transportation to the construction site.
C) Rehabilitation
 Reclamation activities are conducted after the completion of quarrying activities to
restore or rehabilitate the site.
1.2 Environmental Considerations

Quarrying has the potential to have a range of adverse environmental effects. This QMP
identifies these effects and suggests measures to mitigate or minimize these impacts.
1.2.1 Vegetation Removal

During land clearance and vegetation removal the following shall be considered:
 Minimize the amount of vegetation removal; and

 Allow timber and other useful resources to go to the localcommunities.
1.2.2 Overburden Clearance

During overburden clearance the following shall be considered:
 No direct discharge of sediment laden water withouttreatment.
 Earthworks and land clearance should be minimized andphased.
 Provide treatment to achieve a reduction in suspended solidsprior to discharge to a
natural water course.
 Any discharges to rivers should occur during high flow to dilute the unavoidable
discharges;
 Stockpiling should be at least 10m from a water course;
 Waste rock or overburden should be placed in properlydesigned dumpsites, which
are located and shaped to blend inwith the surrounding landscape;
 Compaction and re-vegetation of exposed areas as soon aspracticable;
 Earthworks control measures should be inspected andmaintained in efficient
operating condition;
 Existing drainage channels should be kept free ofoverburden.
 Wherever possible, stripped topsoil should be placed directlyonto an area being
rehabilitated. This avoids stockpiling anddouble handling of the soil.
1.2.3 Noise
To keep noise generated due to the different activities, to an acceptable level following
measures shall be adopted:
 Managing the time and location of particularly noisy operations around the site to
ensure minimum disturbance to the localities;
 The majority of fixed processing plant, excluding conveyors will be housed within
structures that reduce the noise level at the boundary of the quarry;
 Machinery shall be regularly maintained to ensure that noise produced from
machinery is kept minimal;and
 Monitoring of noise levels shall be done.
1.2.4 Excavation and Blasting

To keep vibration and air overpressure due to excavation and blasting to an acceptable
level following practices shall be adopted:
 Removing rock, where practicable, with an excavator by free digging or ripping

instead of blasting.
 A comprehensive blasting management plan shall be prepared and implemented
addressing the following concerns:
i. Control of blasting area
ii. Time schedule
iii. Training of personnel
iv. Announcement/ Communication
v. Traffic management
vi. Hazardous material handling and storage
vii. Waste disposal
viii. Post blast re entry
ix. Health and safety of worker
1.2.5 Traffic
To avoid, remedy or mitigate the adverse effects associated with quarry traffic following
measures shall be adopted:
 All the vehicles used shall be regularly maintained and checked to ensure that
appropriate noise suppression devices are installed and being operated effectively.
 All trucks leaving the quarry shall be checked for overloading to avoid risk of quarry
products being spilled on public roads.
 Loader drivers shall be appropriately trained to help ensure that container/trucks are
loaded securely.
 A wheel wash shall be used to spray truck wheels as they leave the quarry site. This
will help reduce the risk of dust being carried onto public roads by trucks.
 To ensure the safety and convenience of local traffic, a Traffic Control Plan is
required to be communicated that ensures minimized traffic stoppage times.
1.2.6 Dust (Air quality)

Dust emissionshave the greatest potential for off-site effects. However, provided the
operation site is well controlled and the activities well managed, dust emissions can be
reduced by adopting the following measures:
 Locating the fixed processing plant away from quarry boundaries;

 The fixed processing plant is covered in areas where dust generation could become
a nuisance;
 Potential dust generating conveyors are covered where practicable to contain dust;
 Water sprays to suppress dust emissions wherever practicable;
 Blasting will be restricted if windy conditions are likely to carry visible dust emissions
beyond the quarry boundary where they could create a nuisance;
 Minimizing dust emissions from blasting by sequential firing and using minimum
force;
 Revegetating areas that will not be further disturbed as soon as possible;
 Proper maintenance and tuning of the vehicles and equipment also shall also be
considered in avoiding any off-site effects;and
 Good blasting practice, including using waterproof explosives in areas where
groundwater levels are high, to avoid the degradation of the explosive, will minimize
incomplete combustion and any associated NOx emissions.
1.2.7 Altering Water Flow

Quarries and pits can affect ground-water and surface-water systems by lowering of
local ground-water and surface-water levels from mining operations andmine
dewatering, changes in turbidity levels in ground water due to blasting and quarry
operations, interruption of ground-water conduit flow paths by rock removal
andtemperature change (thermal impacts) in springs and surface-water streams.To
avoid reduced water flow from springs to water ways andirrigation/drinking water
schemes, changes in water flowdirection and increased storm waterrunoff, following
mitigation measures shall be adopted:
 Create temporary ponds to treat sediment and reduce runoffspeed of surface water
flow especially during high rainfall.
 Create a channel from the settling ponds to the nearest river.
 Create a special water channel for citizens to source cleanwater from springs.
 Divert groundwater and surface water around the quarry area.
1.2.8 Landscape
Following shall be considered in order to minimize impacts to the landscape;
 Vegetation and landscape plan for the site shall be devised and followed by the
contractor that gives a comprehensive description of all measures that will be taken on
site to protect the landscape and visual characteristics of the site;
 Provide earth mounding and vegetation screening to mitigate visual effects of quarry
operations and on-site truck routes where practical.
1.2.9 Hazardous Substances
To deal with issues relating to the release of hazardous substances from storage
facilities or during their use, transport or disposal within the quarry site, the following
shall be considered:
 Ensure that only the imminent operational requirements are stored on the site.
 Explosives and detonators shall not be stored for long time on site.
 Fuel, lubricant and waste oil storage, dispensing and operating facilities are designed
and operated in such a way that contamination of soil and water is avoided as far as
practicable.
 Rain runoff carrying fuel, lubricant and waste oil shall be directed to an oil separator
before entering the stormwater drainage system. Oil separators are cleaned out on a
regular basis.
 All transport, storage and operating conditions meet the requirements of licenses under
theSection 14 of PEPA 1997, Handling of Hazardous Substances.
1.2.10 Rehabilitation of the site

Restoration of the former quarry areas may be done using the overburden and fertilizers
to restore soil stability and soil fertility.
 Remove all stockpiles.

 The use of imported fill shall be minimized.
 Plant local plant species and productive vegetation as part ofthe restoration plan.
 Stabilize all slopes and unstable areas.
1.2.11 Worker Health and Safety

To ensure worker health and safety the following shall be adopted on or near the project
site;
 Restrict the access to the quarry areas for unconcerned persons;

 All personnel shall be provided (and wear) Personal ProtectiveEquipment (PPE), such
as safetyhelmets, safety shoes, vests, dust masks, goggles, and a high visibility vest;
 Providing radio communications equipment to facilitate coordination in the field;
 Conducting periodic monitoring of heavy vehicles and equipment for safety risks;
 Limiting the hours of operation of heavy vehicles and equipment, to minimize risks
relating tostaff fatigue;
 Conduct inspections of the access point to the location of transport because of
thesteepness of the route;
 In case of accidents or emergencies, basic medical facility shall be provided;
 The team shall be able to handle emergency situations and the possible emergency
services shall be notified in advance;and
 No damage occurs to people, property, livestock or power lines.
1.2.12 General Prohibitions

Following General prohibitions shall be adopted in and around the quarry area:
 Cutting of trees for any reason outside the quarry;

 Hunting, fishing, wildlife capture and poaching, or plant collection;
 Buying of wild animals or their meat for food or any other purposes;
 Disturbance to anything with architectural or historical value;
 Use of firearms (except authorized security guards);
 Washing car or machinery in streams or creeks;
 Doing maintenance (change of oils and filters) of equipment outside authorized areas;
 Littering of the site and disposing trash in unauthorized places;
 Workers driving motorbikes without wearing helmets;
 Control construction plants or vehicles by unauthorized person;
 Driving at speeds exceeding limits;
 Having caged wild animals (especially birds) in camps;
 Working without safety equipment (including gloves, boots and masks);
 Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities;
 Disrespecting local customs and traditions;
 The use of welding equipment, oxy-acetylene torches and other bare flames where
firesconstitute a hazard;
 Indiscriminate disposal of rubbish or construction wastes or rubble;
 Spillage of potential pollutants, such as petroleum products;
 The storage and use of explosives;
 Collection of firewood;and
 Burning of wastes and/or cleared vegetation.
Annex-II
Environmental Monitoring Results
Annex-III
Social Survey Performa
NATIONAL ENGINEERING SERVICES PAKISTAN (PVT) LIMITED
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) OF

Airport Metro from Peshawar Morr to NIIA
(New Islamabad International Airport)
SOCIOECONOMIC SURVEY
Interview Schedule
• Government of Punjab, Rawalpindi Development Authority (RDA) decided to construct

the Metro Bus System from Peshawar Morr to NIIA.
• Total length of this Metro route is 25.6 Km, total no of stations are 14 along with 4 no of
interchanges.
• “Anticipated potential environmental risks or impacts” are noise pollution, air pollution,
ground water pollution, load on infrastructure, water shortage, disposal of wastewater,
storm water drainage and solid & hazardous waste management.
• “Positive impacts” can be employment generation, business opportunities and improved

living standards.
1. Name of Interviewer __________________ Date ___________________
2. Location / Home Town __________________ Tehsil & District_________________
A- Demographic Characteristics.
3. Name of the Respondent__________________
4. Gender
1. Male 2. Female
5. Age 15-25______ 25-35________
35-45______ 45 & above______
6. What is your education level?
I. Illiterate ___________ II. Primary____________ III. Middle __________
IV. Metric ___________ V. Intermediate ________ VI. Above Inter ______
7. Profession _________________________________
8. Marital Status
1. Married_______ 2. Un-married____________
9. Language Spoken _______________________________
10. Caste / Ethnic Group _______________________________
11. Religion _______________________________
12. What Type of your family system?
1. Joint________ 2. Nuclear __________
1 of 5
13. Total number of family members living with you.
Male ______ Female________ Total_____
14. What are your normal working hours? _________
B- Socio-Economic Characteristics.
15. What are the major sources of your household income?
1. Govt, job_____ 2.Private job/Labour _____ 3. Business______
4.Student ______ 5. Any other_____
16. What is distance of your office/work place from your house?
1 Km-10 Km______ 10 Km-20 Km_______
20 Km-30 Km______ 30 Km& Above______
17. What is your average monthly income?(Rs)
1. Less than 10000 ___________
2. +10,000 – 20,000 _________ _
3. 20,000 -- 30,000 __________
4. 30,000 - 40, 000 __________
5. Above 40,000 ___________
18. How much is your average monthly expenditure? (Rs).
1. Less than 10,000 ___________
2. +10,000 –20,000 ___________
3. 20,000 -30,000 ___________
4. 30,000 -40,000 ___________
5. above 40, 000 ___________
19. Status of ownership (In case of shop keeper/business owner/ resident)?
1. Owner 2.Renter
20. What type of construction of your house (In case of resident)?
1. Pacca ________ 2. Semi Pacca _________ 3. Katcha __________
21. Since how long are you living/working in this area?
Period __________________
a) From which locality do you come here for business/ job?
Name of place______________ Distance___________
b) Why do you prefer this locality for business, job? ________________
C- Civic Amenities.
22. Which of the following facilities available in your area?
1. Electricity__ 2. Water supply___ 3.Gas___ 4. Sewerage system____5. Telephone
23. What are the sources of household water being used in the project area?
1. Govt supply _____ 2. Bore hole____3. Hand pumps ______4. Any other____ __
24. Are you satisfied with the water quality?

1. Yes _____ 2. No ______
If no, then what are the reasons of dissatisfaction?
2 of 5
1. Odorous water _______ 2. Polluted water_____
3. Saline water _______ 4. No response ______
25. Is your house connected with sewerage system?
1. Yes 2. No
26. Are you satisfied with performance of current sewerage system in this area?
1. Yes 2. No
If no, then reasons _________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
27. What is the source of energy for cooking and lightening in this area?
1. _________ 2. ________ 3. ___________
28. What is your land holding________ in acres?
29. What is the source of water used for irrigation purpose?
1. Tube well______ 2. Canal ____ 3. Any Other_____
30. What are the major crops in this area?
I_________ ii ________iii _______ iv________
31. During last one year did you borrow any money?
1. Yes______ 2. No______
a) If yes, than what were Sources of borrowing
I- Bank________ II- Money Landers______ III- Private _______
b) If, yes than how much money & what purpose _____________________
D- Social Institutions (Education & Health).
32. Is there any educational institute in this area?
1. Yes 2. No
If yes, then
Name__________________ Distance____________________
33. Is there any health facility availability in this area?

1. Yes 2. No
If yes, then
Name__________________ Distance____________________
34. What are the major common diseases in the area?

1. __________ 2. _____________ 3. ___________ 4. _____________
35. Currently what mode of transport being used by you to and from your work place?
1. ____________ 2. ______________ 3. __________
a) Why do you prefer this road for travelling? ___________________________
3 of 5
E- Cultural Characteristics.
36. Is there any shrine/mosque in this area?

1. Yes 2. No
If yes, then
Name__________________ Place_________________
37. Are there any Protected/ archaeological/historical site in this area?

1. Yes 2. No
If yes, then
Name__________________ Place____________________
Significance _______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
38. Specify the existing Non -Government Organizations (NGOs) in your area and state of
their area of work?
Name of Organization ________________ Area of interest ______________
________________ _______________
________________ _______________
39. Do you know that Metro from Peshawar Morr to NIIA is going to be constructed?
1. Yes_______ 2. No_________
(If no then tell him about the proposed Project)
40. Would you get benefit of metro to reach your work place?
1- Yes______ 2- No _____
41. What is your opinion about existing METRO bus is beneficial?
1- Yes_______ 2- No_______
F- Assessment of Environmental & Social Impacts.
42. In your opinion should this project be implemented here?
1. Yes 2. No
If yes, then reasons if no, then reasons
______________________ __________________________
______________________ __________________________
______________________ __________________________
43. In your opinion, what would be the possible impacts of this project?
During construction ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
During operation ________________________________
4 of 5
________________________________
________________________________
44. What protective measures do you suggest during construction to safeguard your
interests?
Protective measures ________________________________
________________________________
________________________________
45. In your opinion, what are some of the pressing needs of this area (other than
proposed project)?
Pressing Needs _________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
G- Indigenous People.
46. Any Indigenous community living in the Project Area?
1. Yes 2. No
47. Anticipated Impact on Indigenous community
________________________________
________________________________
48. Status of Indigenous People?

1. Registered 2 not registered
49. Income sources? _____________
50. Any other observations by Interviewer during site visit?

___________________________________________
Signature of Interviewer: ______________
5 of 5
Annex-IV
Recourse Conservation Plan
Resource Conservation Plan
1. Introduction:
The resources in this world are not infinite. We are completely dependant on the resources
of the earth to fulfill all our day to day requirements. Sustainable development calls for the
need to conserve resources, especially the non renewable resources.
2. Objective of the plan:

The Resource Conservation Plan is intended to make an effort towards achieving
sustainable development. The objective of the resource conservation plan is to:
 Minimize the use of natural resources; and
 Mitigate/ prevent pollution contaminating the natural resources.
3. Planning:
 Careful estimations of quantities of material, fuel, water and energy required directly or
indirectly shall be done to avoid excessive or unnecessary wastage of these materials.
In addition to this, pollution prevention strategies shall also be devised to prevent
contamination of resources.
The estimations include the following:

1. Estimation of construction material required for the project
2. Estimation of fuel consumption for construction machinery, construction vehicles and
generators etc.
3. Estimations of the energy requirements during all the stages of the project
4. Estimations of water consumption for construction activities and construction camp
sites.
 Strategies shall be planned to reduce loads on the identified resources to be consumed;

 Best management practices shall be devised to control or reduce pollution resulting from
the activities during different stages of the project; and
 An inspector shall be assigned responsibility to oversee the ongoing activities to check
the compliance of the planned strategies.
4. Execution of the plan:
The planned strategies shall be implemented to conserve the natural resources including
but not limited to the following:
Material
 Material supplied shall be in conformance with the estimated quantities and excess
material shall be returned to the supplier;
 Material wastage shall be avoided by using best management practices;
 Waste produced during the project execution shall be disposed off safely to the
designated disposal sites through approved contractors; and
 Reuse of the materials shall be appreciated.
Fuel/Energy
 Reduce trips and optimize routes to and from the construction site for all kinds of
activities;
 Regular maintenance of equipments and vehicles to avoid leaks and sustain efficient
fuel consumption;
 Switch off/plug off idle equipments and vehicles to avoid wastage of fuel;
 Minimize warm up time, unnecessary acceleration and deceleration of the
construction equipment and vehicles;
 Avoid unnecessary burning of fuel for cooking in construction camps;
 Avoid unnecessary heating/cooling systems during extreme weathers;
 Construction shall start in early hours of the day to avoid heat in summers and
utilization of day light; and
 Alternate energy sources shall be considered for electricity generations during
construction and operation to conserve fossil fuel as it is non renewable resource.
Water
 Avoid using potable water for sprinkling, curing and washing of equipments/vehicles.
Surface water or treated effluent can be used instead;
 Wastage of water should be controlled through providing proper valves and through
controlling pressure of the water;
 Unnecessary equipment washings should be avoided;

 Awareness amongst workers shall be raised to conserve water and immediately
report for any leaks detected; and
 Ensure protection of canal water from contamination resulting from construction
activities.
Pollution:
 Emissions shall be reduced/controlled as far as possible and direct discharges to air
shall be avoided by strictly adhering to the mitigation measures outlined in EIA
report;
 Waste water shall not be discharged directly into the canal and must be managed as
per the recommendations presented in EIA; and
 Construction & demolition waste and municipal solid waste shall not be dumped/
burnt openly and shall be handled according to the preventative measure given in
EIA study.
5. Checking and Corrective Actions

The proponent shall bind the construction contractor through contract agreement to comply
the strategies outlined in Resources Conservation Plan. The proponent shall also appoint an
Inspector who shall monitor the daily onsite activities and shall report any issues/ concerns
raised in relation to Resource Conservation Plan. The inspector shall recommend adequate
corrective actions to mitigate the issues raised.
Annex-V
Emergency Response Plan
Emergency Response Plan
1. Introduction
Emergency management can be defined as the organization, coordination and implementation

of a range of measures to prevent, mitigate, respond to, overcome and recover from the
consequences of emergency events affecting the community, its assets and the environment.
2. Purpose of Plan
This plan intends to provide a framework for safety and security to infrastructure, people and
vehicles. It assigns responsibility to organizations and individuals for carrying out specific
actions at projected times and places in an emergency situation that exceeds the capability or
routine responsibility of any one agency.
The emergency response plan provides guidance to;
 Prevent any potential sources causing hazard to the resources during all stages of the
project;
 Coordinatebetweenvarious organizations to take actions in case of emergencies;
 Protect people and property in emergencies and disasters;
 Develop procedures to respond to the emergencies efficiently;
 Identify and ensure availability of personnel, equipment, facilities, supplies, and other
resources for use in order to provide timely and efficient response and recovery
operations; and
 Confirm that measures taken in an incident are adequate to recover the affected
resources or furtherimprovements are needed.
3. Planning
i. Emergency Response Team
A group/team shall be dedicated to identify and control potential emergencies during the
construction and operation of the project. The roles and responsibilities of the group
members shall be clearlydefined.
The primary responsibilities of the group are described below:
 Identify the potential hazard or risk sources that can lead to emergency situations;
Ensure availability of adequate resources, procedures and communication system to
deal with the identified emergency situations;
 Ensure awareness and training of the staff to facilitate implementation of the emergency
response plan;
 Maintaining the records of any previous incidents; and
 Post-event analysis to bridge the gaps of the existing risk prevention procedures.
 The emergency response team shall include but not limited to the following;
1. Team Leader
2. Safety Engineer
3. Reporting officer/Inspector
Team Leader
 Approve/ modify devised measures to prevent or mitigate the risks associated with the
identified risk sources
 Arrange resources for dealing with potential emergencies including, financial,

equipments and personnel required to deal with emergencies.
 Assure that the Emergency Response plan is adequate, effective and can be
implemented practically.
Safety Engineer
 Analyze the Identified risk sources and devise measures to prevent or mitigate the risks
in close consultation with the Team Leader;
 Develop and implement the Emergency Response Procedures, in case of the possible
emergencies arise;
 Ensure effective internal and external communication; and
 Provide regular trainings and arrange drills to make people aware of dealing with
emergencies.
Reporting officer/Inspector
 Regular inspections of the site, to identify potential risks associated with equipments,
materials and work practices;
 Anybody from the site can notify the reporting officer about potential risk and/or near
misses on the site;
 Record any identified risks and mitigation measures to control the identified risk; and
 Notify the issue and control measures takenthereby to the safety engineer.
The designation, roles and responsibilities of each member shall be clearly defined and
communicated to the employees.An outline of the framework of responsibilities is
presented in the following organizational chart:
Approvals and Quality Control

Team Leader
Identify andminimize
risk sources
Develop Emergency
Safety Engineer
Response Procedures
Ensure effective
communication and
trainings
• Site inspections
• Reported risks/near miss Reporting officer/Inspector
ii. Hazard Identification
A comprehensive identification and evaluation of the hazards/risks likely to cause an

emergency shall be done by Emergency Response Team (ERT). Major potential
emergencies identified in road projects are as follows:
 Structural failure
 Disruption of Utility (Power, Water, Telecommunications, Gas, etc)
 Accidents
 Vehicle accident
 Fog
 Smoke
 Power/equipment failure or Vandalism
 Fire
 Earthquake
 Terrorism including bombing
 Disease Outbreak
iii. Prevention and Mitigation
The ERT shall work to eliminate or reduce the impact of identified emergencies and
increasing the resilience of an affected community to recover from the consequences of
such events. These activities include:
 Design considerations to control flooding, earthquakes and adequate lightening for fog
etc.;
 Regular inspection and maintenance of construction machinery and the structural
integrity;
 Review of work schedules based on weather updates; and
 Security controls based onpolitical situations.
4. Emergency Preparedness
The ERT shall be prepared withall necessary resourcesand the personnel’s shall be trained
regularly
i. Resources
Finance and administration
The financial resources shall be reserved for dealing with any emergencies arising on
site during construction and operation. Responsibilities of the person managing the
resources in case of emergencies shall be clearly defined and the required resources
shall be adequate and updated regularly.
Equipment
All the necessary equipment needed in an event of emergencies shall be madeavailable,

as a minimum, the equipment needed include;
 Personal Protective Equipment

 Alarms/ Warnings
 Fire extinguishers
 Crowd control, flashlights, signs, barricades
 First Aid Facility
 Detection instruments, e.g; personal alarm kits; smoke detection instruments
 Tools to fix minor vandalism
Communication
All external and internal communication systemsshall be made available. Local

emergency numbers shall be clearly posted and communicated to the personnel
involved in construction and during operation.
The local emergency numbers are given below, which shall be regularly updated.
Emergency Numbers
Service Islamabad (051)

1 EhdiServices 251191
2 Ambulance 115
3 Emergency Police 15
4 Bomb Disposal 9222362
5 Rescue 1122
6 Fire Brigade Center 16
7 Hospital Civil(casualties) 556311
Trainings
Personnel shall be made aware of the importance of safety, potential emergencies and
how to respond in case of emergencies.One day training and mock exercise shall be
done to prepare, the personnel to deal with emergencies.
5. Emergency Response
Response includes actions taken to reduce the impacts of an emergency event, and to limit
the threat to life, property and the environment.
The emergencies can be dealt with:
 On-Site Management of the situation

 Off-site coordination to arrange necessary resources to support the on-site
management
 Providing advice and reports of the situation to stakeholders
i. Emergency Response Procedure:

Any person can report about an emergency, anon-site worker, an outside agency, or the
public. Circumstances change during the course of an emergency in different events,
thus,the procedure will vary as per the specific situation on ground. However, a basic
action plan to be followed in an emergency is discussed below. This order ofresponse is
applicable to almost any emergency and should be followed in sequence.
Assess the situation:

The most important thing to do in case of emergency is to stay calm and avoid panic.
Assess the situation, the cause and most immediate requirement to control, limit and/or
manage the immediate, ongoing, or further damage.
Immediate control:
The most senior person on the scene should take control and contact, or delegate
someone to contact emergency services as posted and communicated by ERT and
inform the reporting officer of ERT and explain the situation. The area of emergency
shall be restricted by barricades, tapes and adequate signage, if and as required.
Protection from further losses:
1. Once the site is restricted, to provideprotection and reducefurther losses, the source
causing the emergency shall be controlled including equipments, materials,
environmentand accident scene from continuing damage or further hazardsto the
area and people.e.g: suppress fire, prevent objects from falling, shut down
equipment or utilities, and take other necessary measures as required depending
upon the type of emergency
2. Provide first aid if required or in doing so.
3. Designate people to emergency duties. e.g: assignpersonnel to guide emergency

services on arrival.
4. Headcount People/personnel to identify any missing persons.
5. People/ personnel shall be directed to safe location.
6. Arrange diversions for the traffic to reduce disturbance to the flow of traffic, if and as
far as possible.
7. Preserve the accident scene until experts mark it safe; only disturb what is essential
to maintain life or relieve human suffering and prevent immediate or further losses.
ii. Communication:
Emergency service providers:

The emergency service providers’needs to be kept informed of the situation. On site,
personnel from the emergency services shall be guided towards the emergency scene,
brief about the event, ongoing and potential hazards and cause(s), if known.
Emergency Response Team and Management:

Members of ERT shall be immediately informed and the management shall also be kept
informed.
Public:
Timely notifications to public shall be disseminated through electronic and print media
depending upon the requirement and urgency of the emergency so that they can adopt
alternate routes and avoid the hazards associated with the emergency encountered.
Utilities:
In case of disruption of utilities, the utility control authorities shall be immediately
contacted to control the situation.
6. Recovery:
Emergency affected individuals, communities and infrastructure shall be restoredin terms

of emotional, economic, and physical well being including the following as a minimum:
 A detailed analysis and assessment of causes of emergency , extent of damage and
gaps if any, in managing the emergency;
 Recovery/replacement of the assets and infrastructure;
 Reinstatement of disrupted services;
 Road and bridge repairs;
 Updationof safety arrangements and Emergency response procedures to ensure better
safety and security in any other arising emergencies.
Annex-VI
Noise Modeling
Predicted Noise Level for MBS (Receptor Distance 100 meter)
Equipment
Typical
Typical Peak Fraction of time Estimated Leq(h) at
MInimum Noise level
Sound Level in spent at peak in Equivalency Distance from Usage Factor Receptor (dbA) Leq(h) Site at
Activity Source Sound Level in Lm-Lb emissions Leq
Work Cycle work Cycle Factor (E.f) Equipment to (UF) Leq (h) Receptor db(A)
Work Cycle (h)=E.L =Lj+EF
(Lm) (Ta/T) Observer (D) E
(Lb)
Concrete Batching Plant

83 83 0 1 0 83 100 0.4 63
Concrete Pump Mobile
82 82 0 1 0 82 100 0.4 62
Concrete Static Pump
82 82 0 1 0 82 100 0.4 62
Transit Mixture
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.4 65
Loader
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.4 65
Grader
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.6 66
Excavator (Tyre)
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.5 66
Clearing,earthwork, foundation, piling, super structure etc.
Excavator (Chain)
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.3 63
Dumper
80 80 0 1 0 80 100 0.4 60
Mobile Crain
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.2 62
Truck Crain
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.2 62
Plate Compactor
80 80 0 1 0 80 100 0.5 61
Mini Roller (MRL)
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.2 62
Mini Truck
55 55 0 1 0 55 100 0.4 35
77
Tractor
84 84 0 1 0 84 100 0.4 64
Tractor Troller
84 84 0 1 0 84 100 0.4 64
Tractor Trolley-J
84 84 0 1 0 84 100 0.4 64
Air Compressor (Diesel & Electrical)
80 80 0 1 0 80 100 0.4 60
Electric Vibrator / Petrol
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.3 63
Steel Cutting Machine
85 85 0 1 0 85 100 0.4 65
Steel Bending Machine
80 80 0 1 0 80 100 0.5 61
Water Bowzer
80 80 0 1 0 80 100 0.2 57
Fuel Pump
82 82 0 1 0 82 100 0.4 62
Power Generator
82 82 0 1 0 82 100 0.4 62
Welding plant (Diesel)
72 72 0 1 0 72 100 0.4 52
Dewatering Pump (Diesel)
77 77 0 1 0 77 100 0.5 58
Dewatering Pump (Petrol)
77 77 0 1 0 77 100 0.5 58
Trailer
84 84 0 1 0 84 100 0.6 65
Equipment
Typical
MInimum Noise level
(Lb)

83 83 0 1 0 83 50 0.4 69
82 82 0 1 0 82 50 0.4 68
82 82 0 1 0 82 50 0.4 68
Transit Mixture
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.4 71
Loader
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.4 71
Grader
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.6 72
Excavator (Tyre)
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.5 72
Excavator (Chain)
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.3 69
Dumper
80 80 0 1 0 80 50 0.4 66
Mobile Crain
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.2 68
Truck Crain
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.2 68
Plate Compactor
80 80 0 1 0 80 50 0.5 67
Mini Roller (MRL)
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.2 68
Mini Truck
55 55 0 1 0 55 50 0.4 41
83
Tractor
84 84 0 1 0 84 50 0.4 70
Tractor Troller
84 84 0 1 0 84 50 0.4 70
Tractor Trolley-J
84 84 0 1 0 84 50 0.4 70
80 80 0 1 0 80 50 0.4 66
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.3 69
85 85 0 1 0 85 50 0.4 71
80 80 0 1 0 80 50 0.5 67
Water Bowzer
80 80 0 1 0 80 50 0.2 63
Fuel Pump
82 82 0 1 0 82 50 0.4 68
Power Generator
82 82 0 1 0 82 50 0.4 68
72 72 0 1 0 72 50 0.4 58
77 77 0 1 0 77 50 0.5 64
77 77 0 1 0 77 50 0.5 64
Trailer
84 84 0 1 0 84 50 0.6 71
Equipment
Typical
MInimum Noise level
(Lb)

83 83 0 1 0 83 10 0.4 83
82 82 0 1 0 82 10 0.4 82
82 82 0 1 0 82 10 0.4 82
Transit Mixture
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.4 85
Loader
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.4 85
Grader
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.6 86
Excavator (Tyre)
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.5 86
Excavator (Chain)
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.3 83
Dumper
80 80 0 1 0 80 10 0.4 80
Mobile Crain
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.2 82
Truck Crain
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.2 82
Plate Compactor
80 80 0 1 0 80 10 0.5 81
Mini Roller (MRL)
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.2 82
Mini Truck
55 55 0 1 0 55 10 0.4 55
97
Tractor
84 84 0 1 0 84 10 0.4 84
Tractor Troller
84 84 0 1 0 84 10 0.4 84
Tractor Trolley-J
84 84 0 1 0 84 10 0.4 84
80 80 0 1 0 80 10 0.4 80
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.3 83
85 85 0 1 0 85 10 0.4 85
80 80 0 1 0 80 10 0.5 81
Water Bowzer
80 80 0 1 0 80 10 0.2 77
Fuel Pump
82 82 0 1 0 82 10 0.4 82
Power Generator
82 82 0 1 0 82 10 0.4 82
72 72 0 1 0 72 10 0.4 72
77 77 0 1 0 77 10 0.5 78
77 77 0 1 0 77 10 0.5 78
Trailer
84 84 0 1 0 84 10 0.6 85
Annex-VII
Sanitation Plan
Sanitation Plan
1. Introduction
This plan outlines the measures that can improveconditions of sanitation at construction sites
during construction and operation phase.
2. Purpose of the plan

The plan intends to ensure sanitation includingthe control of water supplies, excrete and
wastewater disposal, refusedisposal, vectors of diseases, housing conditions, food supplies and
handling,atmospheric conditions, and the safety of the working environment.
3. Management of Sanitation During Construction Phase:

i) Responsibility:
The Health and safety Inspector designated by construction contractor shall also inspect
sanitation conditions and ensure safe working environment for workers.
ii) Location of Camp Sites

The construction camps shall be located at least 500 m away from residential
community. Theaccommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be constructedand
maintained to standards and scales approved by the Resident Engineer.
The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps shall
notendanger any domestic or public water supply.
All sites must be managed to avoid ditches/depressions to minimize nuisance due to

stagnant water.
iii) Water Supply

An adequate and convenient water supply, approved by the appropriate health authority,
mustbe provided in each camp for drinking, cooking, bathing and laundry purposes.
Potable water supply systems for labour camps occupants shall meet the drinking water
quality standards of Pakistan. In addition, the design of water systemfacilities shall be
based on the suppliers Engineer’s estimates of water demands.The drinking water must
be monitored regularly for drinking water quality parameters.
At all construction camps and other workplaces, good and sufficient water supply shall
bemaintained to eliminate chances of waterborne/water-related/water-based diseases to
ensurethe health and hygiene of the workers.
iv) Toilet Facilities and Hygiene

According to health and safety guidelines OR-OSHA number of toilets required at
construction site is as 1 toilet for 20 workers. Table 1 shows the number of toilets
required in accordance with the number of employees at construction site. The total
numbers of employees at construction site are estimated to be 141 persons.
Table-1: No. of Toilets Required for Employees at Construction Site:

No. of Employees No. of Toilets and Total No. Toilets and Urinals Required
Urinals by OSHA at Construction Site
Up to 20 1 toilet 7 toilets
Up to 40 employees 1 urinal 4 urinals
Within the premises of every workplace, toilets and urinals shall be provided in
anaccessible place, and the accommodation, separately for each of these, as per
standards prevailing in the country.
Toilet facilities adequate for the capacity of the camp must be provided. Each toilet
roommust be located so as to be accessible.
A toilet room must be located within 200 feet of the camp. No toiletmay be closer than
100 feet to kitchen and sleeping area.These toilets must bedistinctly marked by signs
printed in nativelanguage of the persons occupying the camp, or marked with easily
understood pictures orsymbols.
Urinals troughs in privies must drain freely into the pit or vault, and the construction of
thisdrain must be such as to exclude flies and rodents from the pit.Proper facility for
hand washing and other cleaning activities to be provided, e.g;
• Provide individual hand towels from a sanitary dispenser and receptacles for
disposing of waste towels;
• Providing hand soap and industrial hand cleaner for removing paints and other
contaminants;
• Prohibited use of gasoline or solvent for hand washing; and
• Keep the floor of facilities dry to prevent spills and falls.
v) Waste Disposal
The sewage system for the camp must be designed, built and operated in compliance
with the relevant legislationso that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air,
ground or adjacent watercourse takes place.
Garbage bins must be provided in the camps and regularly emptied and the garbage
disposedoff in a hygienic manner.Unless otherwise arranged for by the local sanitary
authority, arrangement for disposal ofexcreta should be done in the already existing
sewerage system in the area.
On completion of the works, all such temporary structures shall be cleared away, all
rubbishburnt, excreta tank and other disposal pits or trenches filled in and effectively
sealed off andthe outline site left clean and tidy, at the Contractor’s expense, to the
entire satisfaction of theengineer.
vi) Maintenance of Sanitary Facility

Proper maintenance of toilets and other sanitary facilities should assure by health and
safety inspector. Toilets and other sanitary facilities shall be cleaned at least four times
daily and at least twice during working hours and kept in a strict sanitary condition.
Receptacles shall be tarred inside and outside at least once a year.
All buildings, rooms and equipment and the grounds surrounding them shall be
maintained ina clean and operable condition and be protected from rubbish
accumulation.All necessary means shall be employed to eliminate and control any
infestations of insectsand rodents within all parts of any labor camp.
4. Management of Sanitation During Operational phase:

A proper sanitation plan is to be adopted formaintaining the hygienic conditions during
the operational phase of the project. These include
• Site Clearance;
• Storm Water Clearance;
• Sewage/Drainage Clearing and
• Solid Waste Management
i) Site Clearance:
The construction contractor shall assure the clearance of construction machinery, vehicle
and other equipment used during the construction period after the completion of the project.
ii) Storm Water/Sewage Clearance:

One of the main issue that may arise during construction and operational phase is the
clogging of drainage/sewer pipelines as a result of construction material, oil spillage from
vehicles, throwing of solid waste by the road users due to lack of bins into the nearby
drainage/sewer pipes, etc. the blockage of these drainage pipes will cause over flow of
water on road, which will have negative impacts on the road in form of deterioration of road
surface as well as standing water acts as a source of water-through disease in the area.
Responsible Authorities:
In case of storm water drains/sewer pipes clogging the concerned department is responsible
for un-clogging of these sewer and drainage pipelines.
iii) Solid Waste Management:

Municipal solid waste produced as a result of commercial activities, by road users and from
nearby residential community should be collected and managed properly by the concerned
department. Waste bins should be placed along the road/bridges, regular cleaning of the
road should be carried out using mechanical sweepers twice a day and at least one
sweeper should be deputed for the whole stretch of project site to assure regular cleaning.
iv) Awareness and Training:

A training and awareness sessions shall be conducted for workers before commencement
of the project.The implementation of sanitation plan would be more effective if the
importance of hygiene; sanitation and safety are known to the workers.
Annex-VIII
Chance Find Procedure
CHANCE FIND PROCEDURES
Project involves deep excavation; therefore possibility of chance find is envisaged.

However, in case of any chance find, the contractor will immediately report through
Supervision Consultant to Directorate General (DG) of Archeological Department,
Government of Pakistan to take further suitable action to preserve those antiques or
sensitive remains. Representative of the DG will visit the site and observed the
significance of the antique, artifact and Cultural (religious) properties and significance of
the project. The report will be prepared by representative and will be given to the DG.
The documentation will be completed and if required suitable action will be taken to
preserved those antiques and sensitive remains
In case of any artifact, antiques and sensitive remains are discovered, chance find
procedures should be adopted by contractor workers as follows:
• Stop the construction activities in the areas of chance find;

• Delineate the discovered site or area;
• Consult with the local community and provincial Archeological Department
• The suggestion of the local communities and the concerned authorities will be
suitable incorporated during taking the preventive measures to conserved the
antique, artifact and Cultural (religious) properties
• Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In case of
removable antiquities or sensitive remain, a night guard shall be arranged until
the responsible local authorities take over;
• After stopping work, the contractor must immediately report the discovery to the
Supervision Engineer.
The contact Address of Archeology Department is given below:
Archeology and Museum Department

1st Floor, Block-4, Sitara Market,
G-7 Markaz, Islamabad
Tel: 051-9206236
051-2201385
E-Mail: [email protected]

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CONSTRUCTION OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND ALLIED WORKS

FOR METROBUS SERVICES

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

ALGAS Asia Least Cost Greenhouse Gases

NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards

Anaerobic Absence of oxygen.

Annual Average Average amount of precipitation falling at a specified site recorded by

Climate The climate can be described simply as the ‘average weather’,

Earthworks The removal or placement of soils and rocks such as in cuttings,

Effect Used throughout this environmental impact assessment report to

Effluent Liquid waste or sewage.

Embankment Artificially raised ground, commonly made of rock or compacted soil,

Environment Agency Government agency established to protect and improve the

Greenhouse Gas A gas such as carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous

Groundwater Body A distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer.

Impact Used throughout this EIA Report to refer to changes to the

Risk Assessment An assessment of the probability of a hazard occurring that could

Sand Soil particles from 0.06mm-2.0mm in equivalent diameter. Fine sand

Screening The first stage in an environmental impact assessment. It is used to

Soil Profile A vertical cross-section through a soil.

Threshold A level of effect above which an assessment will be taken of whether

likely to cause an adverse environmental effect, an environmental impact assessment,

To comply with Pakistan’s Environmental Regulations, NHA has entrusted National

The methodology adopted to conduct this study was as follows:

industrial/vehicular gaseous emissions and noise and for municipal/industrial wastewater

Package Description Length No. of

II Golra Morr ~ G.T Road Interchange 3.8 km 2

G.T Interchange ~ Motorway Interchange

V New Islamabad International Airport (NIIA) - 1

Total Length 25.6 km 10

Alternative – III Addition of Separate Bus Lane

 Disturbance to the public movement during construction;

generate new opportunities for skilled/unskilled manpower. Recommended mitigation

SECTION 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS

2.1 National Policy and Legal Framework 2-1

SECTION 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

3.1 Rationale of the project 3-1

3.3 Location of the Project 3-2

SECTION 4: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE PROFILE

4.1 Physical Environment 4-1

4.4 Economic Conditions 4-28

5.1 Scope of Application 5-1

SECTION 6: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

6.1 Environmental Impact Matrices 6-1

6.3.1 Design & Layout Planning 6-2

6.3.5 Ecological Impacts 6-4

6.4.8 Surface and Groundwater 6-17

SECTION 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN

Table 2.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards

Table 2.2 Noise Quality Standards

Table 4.1 One Day Maximum Annual Rainfall

Table 4.8 Types of Trees Raised Along the Alignment

Table 4.29 Type of the Construction of Houses

Table 4.34 Source of Water for Agriculture Use

Table 4.35 Source of Energy for Cooking and Lighting

Table 4.37 Availability of Health Institutes

Table 4.38 Common Diseases in Project Area