Basic Calculator Course
Basic Calculator Course
Calculator
Course
For
use
in
evaluating
notes
and
other
income
streams.
Purpose:
This
course
is
intended
to
provide
a
basic
introduction
to
the
use
of
a
financial
calculator
in
evaluating
notes
and
other
income
streams.
At
the
end
of
the
course,
you
should
be
able
to
perform
the
following
functions
using
your
financial
calculator:
• Determine
the
number
of
payments,
interest
rate,
principal
balance
or
payment
amount
for
a
given
note
or
income
stream.
• Determine
the
discounted
yield
of
a
note.
• Determine
how
much
to
pay
for
a
note
given
a
desired
yield.
• Calculate
yields
and
discounts
on
partial
purchases.
• Discount
complex
cash
flows
(those
with
more
than
one
income
stream).
Note:
This
course
is
intended
for
use
with
HP
financial
calculators.
If
you
use
a
calculator
other
than
HP,
your
keystrokes
may
be
different,
and
slight
rounding
differences
may
occur.
All
examples
used
in
this
course
assume
12
payments
per
year.
Please
ensure
that
your
calculator
is
set
accordingly.
All
examples
also
assume
that
payments
are
made
at
the
end
of
the
corresponding
period.
Please
set
your
calculator
to
“END”
mode.
Consult
your
calculator
manual
if
necessary.
Special
thanks
to
Bill
Tan,
an
original
National
Note
franchisee,
who
provided
the
materials
used
to
create
this
course.
Calculating
Variables
When
calculating
ANY
of
the
five
variables,
simply
enter
the
four
known
variables
into
the
calculator,
and
press
the
button
for
the
unknown
variable
last
to
find
the
solution.
NOTE:
Most
calculators
will
automatically
store
0
as
FV,
so
it
may
not
be
necessary
to
enter
this
value
for
every
calculation.
Problem
1
You
have
received
an
offer
from
a
buyer
to
purchase
your
property.
Because
of
the
scarcity
of
traditional
financing,
they
have
offered
you
$100,000
but
would
like
to
make
you
360
monthly
payments
at
6%
interest
per
annum.
If
you
accept
this
offer,
what
will
be
the
amount
of
the
payment
you
will
receive
each
month?
PV
=
-‐100,000
PMT
=
____________________
FV
=
0
Keystroke
Sequence:
PMT
=
1,500
FV
=
0
Keystroke
Sequence:
I/Yr
=
____________________
PV
=
-‐150,000
PMT
=
1100
FV
=
0
Keystroke
Sequence:
360,
N
,
150000
,
+/-‐
,
PV
,
1100
,
PMT
,
I/YR
Problem
4
You
create
a
note
on
the
sale
of
a
property.
You
plan
to
charge
10%
interest
on
the
$200,000
balance,
and
would
like
to
collect
a
payment
of
$2,000.
How
long
will
it
take
for
the
loan
to
be
paid
off?
PV
=
-‐200,000
PMT
=
2,000
FV
=
0
Keystroke
Sequence:
You
have
been
presented
the
opportunity
to
purchase
a
$50,000
note
that
bears
interest
at
8%
per
annum
and
calls
for
60
regular
monthly
payments
of
$1,013.82.
What
amount
can
you
pay
for
this
note
in
order
to
yield
15%?
Because
we
have
the
note
that
tells
us
all
the
values,
there
is
no
need
to
solve
for
a
missing
variable.
However,
it’s
always
a
good
idea
to
enter
them
in
and
check
the
payment
amount
against
the
note
to
ensure
accuracy
of
the
original
amortization
schedule
(You’d
be
surprised
how
often
they
are
incorrect).
Once
you
have
input
all
the
variables
from
the
note,
the
process
is
simple.
Just
replace
the
interest
with
the
desired
yield,
and
then
press
the
PV
key
to
determine
how
much
you
will
pay
for
the
note
in
order
to
achieve
the
15%
yield.
Original
Note
Discounted
Note
N
=
60
N
=
60
I/Yr
=
8
I/YR
=
15
PV
=
-‐50,000
PV
=
____________________
PMT
=
1,013.82
PMT
=
1,013.82
FV
=
0
FV
=
0
Keystroke
Sequence:
60,
N
,
8
,
I/YR
,
50000
,
+/-‐
,
PV
,
PMT
[verify
payment
with
note]
,
15
,
I/YR
,
PV
What
can
you
pay
for
the
60
payments
if
you
want
the
following
yields:
___________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
I/Yr
=
8
I/YR
=
15
PV
=
-‐50,000
PV
=
____________________
PMT
=
1,013.82
PMT
=
1,013.82
FV
=
0
FV
=
0
Keystroke
Sequence:
60,
N
,
8
,
I/YR
,
50000
,
+/-‐
,
PV
,
PMT
[verify
payment
with
note]
,
30
,
N
,
15
,
I/YR
,
PV
What
can
you
pay
for
the
30
payments
if
you
want
the
following
yields:
___________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
12%
18%
21%
24%
Problem
7
–
Remaining
Balance
Using
the
same
note
above,
what
will
the
remaining
balance
of
the
note
be
after
the
first
30
payments
have
been
made?
Finally,
you
get
to
use
your
FV
key!
All
you
need
to
do
is
enter
the
original
note
variables,
and
then
replace
the
Number
of
payments
as
shown
below,
and
solve
for
FV.
PV
=
-‐50,000
PV
=
-‐50,000
PMT
=
1,013.82
PMT
=
1,013.82
FV
=
0
FV
=
____________________
Keystroke
Sequence:
60,
N
,
8
,
I/YR
,
50000
,
+/-‐
,
PV
,
PMT
[verify
payment
with
note]
,
30
,
N
,
FV
What
is
the
balance
after
the
following
number
of
payments?
___________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
10
20
40
50
Problem
8
–
Balloon
Payment
A
lender
has
offered
to
sell
you
a
$30,000
note
that
bears
interest
at
7%
per
annum
and
has
interest
only
payments
of
$175
for
60
months,
after
which
then
entire
amount
of
$30,000
is
due.
However,
the
lender
would
like
to
keep
the
monthly
payments
of
$175
and
only
sell
you
the
$30,000
payment.
If
your
target
yield
is
11%,
what
can
you
pay
for
the
$30,000
payment
you
plan
to
receive
60
months
from
the
date
of
purchase?
Enter
the
variables
you
know
into
the
calculator.
Enter
11%
in
I/YR
because
11%
is
your
target
yield.
Enter
60
in
N
because
60
is
the
number
of
months
until
you
receive
your
balloon
payment.
PMT
remains
0
because
you’re
getting
0
regular
payments
for
the
60
months
leading
up
to
the
balloon,
and
Enter
30,000
in
FV,
because
30,000
is
the
amount
your
plan
to
receive
60
months
from
now.
Balloon
Note
N
=
60
I/Yr
=
11
PV
=
____________________
PMT
=
0
FV
=
30,000
Keystroke
Sequence:
60,
N
,
11
,
I/YR
,
30,000
,
FV
,
PV
What
can
you
pay
for
this
note
if
your
target
yields
are
as
follows?
Balloon
Note
N
=
36
(The
number
of
months
until
you
receive
the
balloon
payment.)
I/Yr
=
12
(Your
desired
yield.)
PV
=
____________________
PMT
=
0
(This
is
0
because
you
receive
no
payments
for
the
36
months.)
FV
=
60,000
(The
amount
of
the
payment
you
will
receive
in
the
future.)
Keystroke
Sequence:
36,
N
,
12
,
I/YR
,
60,000
FV
,
PV
Solving
for
the
present
value
given
a
different
number
of
months
is
simply
a
function
of
re-‐entering
a
new
value
for
N
and
solving
for
PV.
What
is
the
value
of
the
balloon
if
it
is
due
in
the
following
number
of
months?
N
=
360
N
=
120
I/Yr
=
6
I/YR
=
12
PV
=
-‐200,000
PV
=
____________________
FV
=
0
FV
=
0
*
Copy
PMT
from
“Original
Note”
above
to
all
PMT
fields
on
this
page.
Cash
Flow
2
(CF2)
–
Balloon
Payment
I/Yr = 6 I/YR = 6
PV
=
-‐200,000
PV
=
-‐200,000
PMT
=
____________________
→
PMT
=
____________________
FV
=
0
FV
=
____________________
Problem
2,
Cont.
Discounted
Balloon
(CF2)
N
=
120
I/Yr
=
12
PV
=
____________________
PMT
=
0
A
wraparound
note
is
one
that
is
created
on
a
property
that
has
existing
debt.
The
wraparound
note
is
created
“subject
to”
the
existing
debt.
In
the
simplest
example,
the
existing
debt
remains
in
first
position
and
the
new
wraparound
note
takes
second
position.
Example
–
A
Seller
sold
their
home
for
$100,000
using
seller
financing
at
10%
for
360
months
using
a
wraparound
note.
This
means
the
Buyer
will
make
payments
to
the
Seller.
However,
the
Seller
still
has
a
loan
on
the
property
that
has
37
payments
of
$477.83
before
it
is
paid
off.
When
a
payment
is
made
on
the
wraparound
note,
it
is
collected
by
the
Seller,
and
the
Seller
then
makes
the
payment
to
the
loan
that
he
had
when
he
sold
the
home.
This
loan
is
referred
to
as
the
“underlying
loan”
or
simply,
the
“underlying.”
What
can
you
pay
for
the
note
today
if
your
target
yield
is
12%?
Determine
the
payment
on
the
Wraparound
Wraparound
(Solve
PMT)
N
=
360
I/Yr
=
10
PV
=
-‐100,000
PMT
=
____________________
(Wrap
Payment)
FV
=
0
Cash
Flow
1
(CF1)
When
you
buy
a
“wraparound”
note,
you
receive
a
payment
on
that
note,
but
you
also
have
to
make
a
payment
on
the
underlying
loan.
To
determine
your
cash
flow,
use
the
following
formula:
Wrap
Payment
_______________
Underlying
Pmt
-‐
477.83
Discounted
CF1
N
=
37
I/Yr
=
12
PV
=
_______________
After
the
first
37
payments,
the
underlying
loan
will
be
paid
off.
That
means
you
keep
the
entire
amount
of
the
payments
for
the
remaining
323
payments.
The
second
cash
flow
on
the
wraparound
is:
323
payments
of
_______________
(PMT
from
“Wraparound”
on
previous
page.)
Determining
the
present
value
of
Cash
Flow
2
takes
two
steps:
Step
One
–
Find
the
value
of
Cash
Flow
2
at
the
time
it
starts
in
37
months.
N
=
323
I/YR
=
12
PV
=
_______________
PMT
=
_______________
(PMT
from
“Wraparound”
on
previous
page.)
FV
=
0
Step
Two
–
Find
the
value
of
Cash
Flow
2
today.