Java

Properties of Java
 Simpler ( as pointer is removed)
 OOP language
 Distributive
 Robust
 System Secure Language
 System Independent
 Portability
 Interpreted
 High Performance
 Multithreading
 Dynamic

Difference between Java & C++

Java is also a Object Oriented Language, but some differences are there.

C++ Java
C++ is not pure OOP language, But Java is purely OOP language,
because in C++, the program is because in java without classes &
written without classes & objects. objects, program cannot be written.
In C++, pointer is available. But in Java, there is no pointer.
Its programmer’s responsibility to But in Java, allocation & deallocation
allocate & deallocate the memory. of memory is done by JVM(Java
Virtual Machine).
In C++ multiple inheritance is But in Java, Multiple inheritance is not
available. available, but its achieved in another
way.
Operator overloading is there. No operator overloading available.
In C++, 3 access specifiers are there, In Java, 4 access specifiers are there,
public, private, protected. private, public, protected, default.
In C++, there are constructor & But in Java only constructor is
destructor. available, but destructor is not.

Various Editions in Java

• Java SE (Standard Edition)
• Java ME (Mobile Edition)
• Java EE (Enterprise Edition)
Editor in java
cd\java\bin\Edit

Setting path in Java

Right click My Computer Properties Advance Tab Environment
Variables System Variable.

New Class path

Variable Value C:\java\j2sdk1.6\lib;
Path .;C:/java/j2sdk1.6/bin;
(.;) it stores the old(previous) path also.

Program 1.

class Test
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
System.out.println(“Hello user \n”);
System.out.println(“Welcome to Java \n”);
}
}

Naming Convention in Java

 Packages are in small letters.

Eg: java.awt
java.io
java.swing

 Classes & interfaces names starts with capital letters

Eg: String
System
ActionListener

 The first word of method name is in small letters, then from second
word onwards, each new word will start with capital letter.

println();
 readLine();
getNumberInstance();

Its known as camel notation

 The naming convention for variable is same as method

Eg: age
empName
employee_Net_Sal

 Constraints represents fixed values that can’t be altered, such

constants are represented by using capital letters.

PI
MAX_VALUE
Font.BOLD (Font is a class)

 All keywords should be written by using all small letters

Eg: public, static, void

Data types in Java

1. Primitive – Built in
(i) Numeric
(a) Integer
• Byte
• Short
• Int
• Long
(b)Real
• Double
• Float
(ii) Non-Numeric
(a) Char
(b)Boolean
2. Non-Primitive – user Defined
(i) Classes
(ii) Array
(iii) Interfaces

Ranges
Datatype Size in byte Range
Byte 1 -128 to 127
Short 2 -32768 to 32767
Int 4 -2147483648 to 2147483647
Long 8 -9223,372,036,854,775,808 to
9223,372,036,854,775,807
Float 4 -3.4x1038 to 3.4x1038
Double 8 -1.7x10308 to 1.7x10308
Char 2 0 to 65535
Boolean 1 True or False

Type Conversion is done by complier

&
Type Casting is done by programmer

Type Conversion
1. Implicit Conversion

ByteShortCharIntLongFloatDouble

2. Explicit Conversion or typecasting

ByteShortCharIntLongFloatDouble

Rule for implicit conversion

1. Value must belong to the same family, one value can be countable to
the others.

boolean a; or int x;
a=1; x=true;

2. Value on the right handside of an assignment operator, must be larger

or equal to variable on left handside of assignment operator.

byte a=10;
int b;
b=a;

Explicit type conversion syntax

• Variable1 = <datatype>Variable2;
 Eg: int a = 10;
byte = b;
b = (byte) a;

3. Every real constant (decimal) is double by default

float a;
a = 11.9; // error will occur, as it takes only double
a = (float) 11.9;
or a = 11.9f; // suffix expression

 Byte to Char conversion is possible

byte a = 10;
char ch;
ch = a;

Only byte is automatically converted into char, no other datatype can be

automatically converted into character.

short a = 10; int a;

char ch; char ch;
 ch = a;  ch = a;
 ch = (char) a;  ch = (char) a;

char ch;
ch = 10; (Constant can be converted into char)

Type conversion in expression

byte a = 10;
byte b = 10’
byte c;
 c = a+b;
 c = byte(a+b);

Program 2.

WAP to print the value of variable or expressions ( WAP to add 2 numbers)

class Add
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
int a =10, b = 5, c;
c = a+b;
System.out.println(“answer is = “+c);
}
}

Program 3.

WAP to calculate area & circumference of circle, given its radius, assume
that radius to be an int variable.

class Circle
{
public static void main(String [] args)
{
int r = 5, a, c
a = Math.PI * Math.pow(r,2);
c = 2*Math.PI*r;
System.out.println(“area = “+a);
System.out.println(“circumference = ”+c);
}
}

Operators

1. Shorthand  += , - = , *= , /= , %=
2. Arithmetic  + , - , * , / , %
3. Relational  > , < , >= , <= , == , !=
4. Logical  && , || , 1 , 0
5. Increment or Decrement  + + , - -