Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences

National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal

sam.nitk.ac.in [email protected]
MA110 - Engineering Mathematics-1
Problem Sheet - 2

Limits and Continuity in Higher Dimensions

1. Whether the following limits exist or not. Justify your answer. Calculate the limit, if it exists.
 2
x + y3
 xy
(a) lim cos (d) lim
( x,y)→(0,0) x+y+1 ( x,y)→(0,0) | xy |
√
x3 − xy2
p
x− y+1
(b) lim . (e) lim
( x,y)→(4,3) x−y−1 ( x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y2

x 4 − y2 2x
(c) lim (f) lim .
( x,y)→(0,0) x 4 + y2 ( x,y)→(0,0) x 2 + x + y2
x+y
2. Let f ( x, y) = .
x2 + 1
p
(a) Let ε = 0.001. Find δ > 0 such that | f ( x, y) − 0| < ε for every ( x, y) with x2 + y2 < δ.
p
(b) Let ε = 0.001. Find δ > 0 such that | f ( x, y) − 1/2| < ε for all ( x, y) with ( x − 1)2 + y2 <
δ [Hint: Try δ = ε].
(c) Show that f ( x, y) is continuous at (1, 0) by ε − δ definition.

3. Show that
lim ( x + y) 6= 1
( x,y)→(0,0)

using ε − δ definition.

4. Show that
1
lim y sin = 0.
( x,y)→(0,0) x

5. Define f (0, 0) in a way that extends

xy( x2 − y2 )
f ( x, y) =
x 2 + y2
to be continuous at the origin.

6. Find all the points where the functions are continuous.

x 2 + y2 1 1
(a) f ( x, y) = (b) f ( x, y) = (c) f ( x, y, z) =
x2 − 3x + 2 x2 −y |y| + |z|

7. Evaluate lim ( x2 + 3y).

( x,y)→(1,1)

8. Evaluate the following limits, whichever exist,

1
 xy2 xy sin( xy)
(a) lim 2 + y2 (e) lim 2 2
( x,y)→(0,0) x ( x,y)→(0,0) x +y
1
(b) lim
x2 +y2 +2xy (f) lim ( x2 + y2 ) sin xy
x +y ( x,y)→(0,0)
( x,y)→(1,1)
x2 +y2 −2xy (g) lim e xy
(c) lim x −y ( x,y)→(0,0)
( x,y)→(0,0) √2 2
(d) lim cos xy (h) lim √ 2x +2y
sin
( x,y)→(0,0) ( x,y)→(0,0) x +y

x 2 y2
 
9. Let f ( x, y) = x2 y2 +(x2 −y2 )2 for ( x, y) 6= (0, 0). Show that the iterated limits lim lim f ( x, y)
y →0 x →0
 
and lim lim f ( x, y) exist, but lim f ( x, y) does not exist.
x →0 y →0 ( x,y)→(0,0)

10. Show that the function f defined by

x 2 − y2
(
xy x2 +y2 , ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
f ( x, y) =
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).

is continuous at (0, 0).

11. Show that the function f defined by

x 2 y2
(
x 2 + y2
, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
f ( x, y) =
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).

is continuous at (0, 0).

x 2 y4
12. If f ( x, y) = ( x 2 + y4 )2
, then find
√
(a) lim f ( x, mx ) (b) lim f ( x, x )).
x →0 x →0

Does lim f ( x, y) exist?

( x,y)→(0,0)

13. Show that the following functions are discontinuous at origin:

(
1
x 2 + y2
, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(a) f ( x, y) =
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).
( x 4 − y4
4 4, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(b) f ( x, y) = x +y
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).
( x 2 y2
4 4, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(c) f ( x, y) = x +y
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).

14. Show that the following functions are continuous at origin:

( x 2 y2
2 2, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(a) f ( x, y) = x +y
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).

2
 x 3 y3
(
x 2 + y2
, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(b) f ( x, y) =
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).

15. Show that the following functions are discontinuous at (0, 0):
( x2 y
3 3, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(a) f ( x, y) = x +y
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).
( 3 3
x +y
(b) f ( x, y) = x −y , x 6 = y,
0, x = y.
( xy3
2 6, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(c) f ( x, y) = x +y
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).

16. Discuss the following functions for continuity at (0, 0) :

( x2 y
3 3, x2 + y2 6= 0,
(a) f ( x, y) = x +y
0, x = y = 0.
x − y2
2
(
2xy x2 +y2 , ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
(b) f ( x, y) =
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).
(
0, ( x, y) = (2y, y),
(c) f ( x, y) =
exp{| x − 2y|/( x2 − 4xy + 4y2 )}, ( x, y) 6= (2y, y).

17. Show that f has a removable discontinuity at (2, 3).

(
3xy, ( x, y) 6= (2, 3),
f ( x, y) =
6, ( x, y) = (2, 3).
Suitably redefine the function f to make it continuous.

18. Show that the function f is continuous at the origin, where

( x 3 − y3
2 2, ( x, y) 6= (0, 0),
f ( x, y) = x +y
0, ( x, y) = (0, 0).

19. Can the given functions be appropriately defined at (0, 0) in order to be continuous there?

(a) f ( x, y) = | x |y , x 3 + y3
(c) f ( x, y) = x 2 + y2
,
(b) f ( x, y) = sin yx , (d) f ( x, y) = x2 log ( x2 + y2 ).

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