Mathematics (Higher 2) 9740/02

A-LEVEL H2 MATHS 2010 – PAPER 2

Question 1
[ Ans: (i) 3 ± 5𝑖 (ii) 𝑎 = −16, 𝑏 = −20; −2 − 𝑖, −2 and 2 ]
2
(i) 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 34 = 0
6 ± √62 − 4(1)(34)
𝑥=
2
6 ± √−100
𝑥= = 3 ± 5𝑖
2

(ii) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏

𝑓(−2 + 𝑖) = 0
(−2 + 𝑖)4 + 4(−2 + 𝑖)3 + (−2 + 𝑖)2 + 𝑎(−2 + 𝑖) + 𝑏 = 0
−12 + 16𝑖 − 2𝑎 + 𝑖𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0
(−12 − 2𝑎 + 𝑏) + 𝑖(16 + 𝑎) = 0

∴ 16 + 𝑎 = 0
⇒ 𝑎 = −16

∴ −12 − 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 0
−12 − 2(−16) + 𝑏 = 0
⇒ 𝑏 = −20

∴ 𝑥 4 + 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 16𝑥 − 20 = 0
From GC,

The other roots are −2 − 𝑖, −2 and 2.

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Question 2
3
[ Ans: (i) prove (ii)(a) prove (b) explain; ]
4
(i) Let
𝑛
1
𝑝𝑛 : ∑ 𝑟(𝑟 + 2) = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)(2𝑛 + 7), 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+
6
𝑟=1
1

𝑃1 : 𝐿𝐻𝑆 = ∑ 𝑟(𝑟 + 2) = (1)(1 + 2) = 3

𝑟=1
1
𝑅𝐻𝑆 = (1)(1 + 1)(2 + 7) = 3 = 𝐿𝐻𝑆
6
∴ 𝑃1 is true.

Assume 𝑃𝑘 is true. i.e.

𝑘
1
∑ 𝑟(𝑟 + 2) = 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 7).
6
𝑟=1

[ Aim: To prove 𝑃𝑘+1 is true. i.e.

𝑘+1
1 1
∑ 𝑟(𝑟 + 2) = (𝑘 + 1)[(𝑘 + 1) + 1][2(𝑘 + 1) + 7] = (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(2𝑘 + 9)]
6 6
𝑟=1

𝑘+1

∑ 𝑟(𝑟 + 2)
𝑟=1
𝑘

= ∑ 𝑟(𝑟 + 2) + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 3)
𝑟=1
1
= 𝑘(𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 + 7) + (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 3)
6
1
= (𝑘 + 1)[𝑘(2𝑘 + 7) + 6(𝑘 + 3)]
6
1
= (𝑘 + 1)(2𝑘 2 + 13𝑘 + 18)
6
1
= (𝑘 + 1)(𝑘 + 2)(2𝑘 + 9)
6

∴ 𝑃𝑘+1 is true if 𝑃𝑘 is true.

Since 𝑃1 is true, ∴ by mathematical induction, 𝑃𝑛 is true for 𝑛 ∈ ℤ+ .

1 A B
(ii) (a) Let  
r r  2 r r  2
1 1
A  and B  
2 2
1 1 1
∴ = −
𝑟(𝑟 + 2) 2𝑟 2(𝑟 + 2)
1 1 1
= ( − )
2 𝑟 𝑟+2

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𝑛 𝑛
1 1 1 1
∑ = ∑( − )
𝑟(𝑟 + 2) 2 𝑟 𝑟+2
𝑟=1 𝑟=1
1 1
= [1 −
2 3
1 1
+ −
2 4
1 1
+ −
3 5
1 1
+ −
4 6
⋮
1 1
+ −
𝑛−2 𝑛
1 1
+ −
𝑛−1 𝑛+1
1 1
+ − ]
𝑛 𝑛+2
1 1 1 1
= (1 + − − )
2 2 𝑛+1 𝑛+2
3 1 1
= + −
4 2(𝑛 + 1) 2(𝑛 + 2)
(shown)

1 1
(b) When n  0 ,  0 and  0 , ∴ series is convergent.
2n  1 2n  2 

Sum to infinity
∞
1
∑
𝑟(𝑟 + 2)
𝑟=1
3 1 1
= lim [ + − ]
𝑛→∞ 4 2(𝑛 + 1) 2(𝑛 + 2)
3
=
4

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Question 3
dy 3x  4
[ Ans: (i)  ; show (ii)(a) ±√2 (b) sketch (iii) sketch ]
dx 2 x  2
dy 1 1
(i) = 𝑥 ( ) (𝑥 + 2)−2 + √𝑥 + 2
dx 2
𝑥
= + √𝑥 + 2
2√𝑥 + 2
𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 4 3𝑥 + 4
= =
2√𝑥 + 2 2√𝑥 + 2

dy
Let 0
dx
3𝑥 + 4 4
∴ =0⇒𝑥=−
2√𝑥 + 2 3
4
∴ There is only one turning point at x   .
3

(ii) (a) 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2) ⇒ 𝑦 = ±𝑥√𝑥 + 2

𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 + 4
∴ =±
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 + 2

When 𝑥 = 0,
𝑑𝑦 4
=± = ±√2
𝑑𝑥 2√2

(b) 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2)

−2

(iii) 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
𝑥 = −2

4
−
3

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Question 4
[ Ans: (i) sketch (ii) state; 𝑘 = 0 (iii) show (iv) 2 < 𝑥 < 3 or 3 < 𝑥 < 4 (v) (−∞, −1) ∪ (0, ∞) ]
(i) 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)

(0, 1)

𝑦=0
𝑥 = −1 𝑥=1

(ii) For 𝑓 −1 to exist, the 𝑓 must be a one-to-one function. Therefore least value of 𝑘 = 0.

(iii) 𝑓𝑔(𝑥)
1
=
1 2
(𝑥 − 3) − 1
1
=
1 − (𝑥 − 3)2
(𝑥 − 3)2
(𝑥 − 3)2
=
(1 − 𝑥 + 3)(1 + 𝑥 − 3)
(𝑥 − 3)2
=
(4 − 𝑥)(𝑥 − 2)
(shown)

(iv) 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) > 0, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐷𝑓𝑔 = 𝐷𝑔

𝑦 = 𝑓𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥=2 𝑥=4
(3, 0)

𝑦 = −1

From GC,
2 < 𝑥 < 3 or 3 < 𝑥 < 4

(v) From graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓𝑔(𝑥),

∴ 𝑅𝑓𝑔 = (−∞, −1) ∪ (0, ∞)

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Question 5
[ Ans: (i) reason (ii) explain ]
(i) Opinions of international spectators in a stratified sample may not be representative of
the population across the various strata due to cultural and regional influences.

(ii) To perform a systematic sampling, we can first determine the size of the sample,
0.01𝑁, where 𝑁 is the total number of spectators. Then we will randomly interview a
spectator coming out of the catering location, and follow by every interviewing every
N
 100th spectators leaving the location.
0.01N

Question 6
[ Ans: 𝜇 ≈ 41.3, 𝑠 2 = 1.584; 𝑝-value = 0.0949, sufficient evidence to reject 𝐻0 ]
∑𝑡
𝜇 ≈ 𝑡̅ =
𝑛
454.3
= = 41.3
11

1 (∑ 𝑡)2
𝜎2 ≈ 𝑠2 = [∑ 𝑡 2 − ]
𝑛−1 𝑛
1 (454.3)2
= [18778.43 − ]
10 11
= 1.584

𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 42.0
𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 42.0

𝑛 = 11
𝑡̅ = 41.3
𝑠 2 = 1.584

T  42.0
Test statistics, T  ~ t 10 
1.584
11

From GC,

𝑝-value = 0.094871

Since 𝑝-value < 0.10, ∴ there is sufficient evidence to reject 𝐻0 , i.e. there has been a
change in the mean time required by an employee to complete the task, at 10% level of
significance

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Question 7
[ Ans: (i) 0.32 (ii) 0.92 (iii) 0.457 (iv) 0.15 (v) 0.07 ≤ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≤ 0.15 ]
(i) 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵′ ) = 0.8
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ )
= 0.8
𝑃(𝐵′ )
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 0.8𝑃(𝐵′ )
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 0.8[1 − 𝑃(𝐵)] = 0.32

(ii) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) + 𝑃(𝐵)
= 0.32 + 0.6 = 0.92

(iii) 𝑃(𝐵′ |𝐴)

𝑃(𝐵′ ∩ 𝐴) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ )
= =
𝑃(𝐴) 𝑃(𝐴)
0.32
= = 0.457
0.7

(iv) 𝑃(𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) + 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐶)

𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶)
𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐶)
𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐶) = 0.5 − (0.7)(0.5)
= 0.15

(v) 𝐴

𝐵
𝐶

From the Venn diagram,

𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ∩ 𝐶) ≤ 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 1 − 0.92 = 0.08
𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐶) − 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≤ 0.08
0.15 − 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≤ 0.08
⇒ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≥ 0.07

𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≤ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐶) = 0.15

∴ 0.07 ≤ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) ≤ 0.15

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Question 8
3 1 7
[ Ans: (i) (ii) (iii) ]
5 10 20
(i) Required probability
3
=
5

(ii) _ _ _ E E

Required probability
3! 2! 1
= =
5! 10

(iii) Case (1): 3 _ _ _ {1 / 5}

No of ways = 2𝐶1 3! = 12

Case (2): 4 _ _ _ {1 / 3 / 5 }
No of ways = 3𝐶1 3! = 18

Case (3): 5 _ _ _ {1 / 3 }
No of ways = 2𝐶1 3! = 12

Required probability
12 + 18 + 12
=
5!
7
=
20

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Question 9
[ Ans: (i) 0.681 (ii) 0.234 (iii) 0.362 ]
2) 2)
(i) Given 𝑋~𝑁(180, 30 and 𝑌~𝑁(400, 60

𝐸(𝑌 − 2𝑋) = 𝐸(𝑌) − 2𝐸(𝑋)

= 400 − 2(180) = 40

𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑌 − 2𝑋) = 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑌) + 22 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)

= 602 + 4(302 ) = 7200

∴ 𝑌 − 2𝑋~𝑁(40, 7200)

Required probability
= 𝑃(𝑌 > 2𝑋) = 𝑃(𝑌 − 2𝑋 > 0)
= 0.681

(ii) 𝐸(0.12𝑋 + 0.05𝑌)

= 0.12𝐸(𝑋) + 0.05𝐸(𝑌)
= 0.12(180) + 0.05(400) = 41.6

𝑉𝑎𝑟(0.12𝑋 + 0.05𝑌)
= 0.122 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋) + 0.052 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑌)
= 0.122 (302 ) + 0.052 (602 )
= 21.96

∴ 0.12𝑋 + 0.05𝑌~𝑁(41.6, 21.96)

Required probability
= 𝑃(0.12𝑋 + 0.05𝑌 > 45) = 0.234

(iii) Let 𝐶 = 0.12𝑋

𝐸(𝐶) = 0.12𝐸(𝑋)
= 0.12(180) = 21.6
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝐶) = 0.122 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)
= 0.122 (302 ) = 12.96

∴ 𝐶~𝑁(21.6, 12.96)

𝐸(𝐶1 + 𝐶2 ) = 2𝐸(𝐶)
= 2(21.6) = 43.2
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝐶1 + 𝐶2 ) = 2𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝐶)
= 2(12.96) = 25.92

∴ 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 ~𝑁(43.2, 25.92)

Required probability
= 𝑃(𝐶1 + 𝐶2 > 45) = 0.362

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Question 10
[ Ans: (i) draw (ii)(a) 0.9860 (b) 0.9907 (iii) 𝐹 = 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑣 2 is the better model; explain
(iv) 𝐹 = 3.1957 + 0.024242𝑣 2; 30.7; explain ]
(i) From GC,
𝐹

(ii) (a) From GC,

𝑟 = 0.9860

(b) From GC,

𝑟 = 0.9907

(iii) From values of 𝑟 in part (ii), 𝐹 = 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑣 2 is the better model as the value of |𝑟| is closer to 1.

(iv) From GC,

𝐹 = 3.1957 + 0.024242𝑣 2

When 𝐹 = 26.0,
3.1957 + 0.024242𝑣 2 = 26.0
𝑣 = 30.7

As 𝐹 is the dependent variable and 𝑣 is the independent variable in this experiment,

neither the regression lines should be used as both lines are generated assuming 𝐹 to
be the independent variable and 𝑣 the dependent variable.

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Question 11
[ Ans: (i) 0.0655 (ii) 32 s (iii) 0.192 (iv) 0.235 (v) 0.959 ]
(i) Let 𝑋 be the number of calls received in 4 minutes.
𝑋~𝑃𝑜(3 × 4) ⇒ 𝑋~𝑃𝑜(12)

𝑃(𝑋 = 8) = 0.0655

(ii) Let 𝑛 be the length of time for which there is no calls, and 𝑌 be the number of calls
received in 𝑛 minutes.
𝑌~𝑃𝑜(3𝑛)

𝑃(𝑌 = 0) = 0.2
From GC,

𝑛 = 0.53648 min = 32 s

(iii) Let 𝐴 be the number of calls received in 12 hours.

𝐴~𝑃𝑜(3 × 60 × 12)
⇒ 𝐴~𝑃𝑜(2160)

𝜆 = 2160 > 10
∴ 𝐴~𝑁(2160, 2160) approx.

𝑃(𝐴 > 2200) = 𝑃(𝐴 ≥ 2201)

= 𝑃(𝐴 > 2200.5) (c.c)
= 0.192

(iv) Let 𝐶 be the number of working days out of 6 that are busy.
𝐶~𝐵(6, 0.19176)

𝑃(𝐶 = 2) = 0.235

(v) Let 𝐷 be the number of working days out of 30 that are busy.
𝐷~𝐵(30, 0.19176)
𝑛 = 30 (large); 𝑛𝑝 = 5.75 > 5 ; 𝑛(1 − 𝑝) = 24.2 > 5

𝐸(𝐷) = 𝑛𝑝 = 5.75, 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝐷) = 𝑛𝑝(1 − 𝑝) = 4.6496

∴ 𝐷~𝑁(5.75, 4.6496) approx.

𝑃(𝐷 < 10) = 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 9)

= (𝑋 < 9.5) (c.c)
= 0.959

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