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MAE322PowerThreads PDF

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189 views29 pages

MAE322PowerThreads PDF

Uploaded by

abbie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Power Threads

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Mechanics of Power Screws

 Power screw
◦ Used to change angular motion into
linear motion
◦ Usually transmits power
◦ Examples include vises, presses,
jacks, lead screw on lathe

Fig. 8–4
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Square and Acme Threads

 Square and Acme threads are used when the threads are intended to
transmit power

Fig. 8–3

Table 8–3 Preferred Pitches for Acme Threads

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Other Lead ScrewTypes

3 & 4: buttress thread


5: round thread
6: square thread

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Mechanics of Power Screws

 Find expression for torque required to


raise or lower a load
 Unroll one turn of a thread
 Treat thread as inclined plane
 Do force analysis

Fig. 8–5

Fig. 8–6 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Mechanics of Power Screws

 For raising the load

 For lowering the load

Fig. 8–6 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Mechanics of Power Screws

 Eliminate N and solve for P to raise and lower the load

 Divide numerator and denominator by cosl and use relation


tanl = l /p dm

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Raising and Lowering Torque

 Noting that the torque is the product of the force and the mean
radius,

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Self-locking Condition

 If the lowering torque is negative, the load will lower itself by


causing the screw to spin without any external effort.
 If the lowering torque is positive, the screw is self-locking.
 Self-locking condition is p f dm > l
 Noting that l / p dm = tan l, the self-locking condition can be
seen to only involve the coefficient of friction and the lead
angle.

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Power Screw Efficiency

 The torque needed to raise the load with no friction losses can
be found from Eq. (8–1) with f = 0.

 The efficiency of the power screw is therefore

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Power Screws with Acme Threads

 If Acme threads are used instead of square


threads, the thread angle creates a wedging
action.
 The friction components are increased.
 The torque necessary to raise a load (or
tighten a screw) is found by dividing the
friction terms in Eq. (8–1) by cosa.

Fig. 8–7

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Collar Friction

 An additional component of
torque is often needed to
account for the friction
between a collar and the load.
 Assuming the load is
concentrated at the mean
collar diameter dc

Fig. 8–7

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Stresses in Body of Power Screws

 Maximum nominal shear stress in torsion of the screw body

 Axial stress in screw body

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Stresses in Threads of Power Screws

 Bearing stress in threads,

where nt is number of
engaged threads

Fig. 8–8 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Stresses in Threads of Power Screws

 Bending stress at root of thread,

Fig. 8–8

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Stresses in Threads of Power Screws

 Transverse shear stress at center of root


of thread,

Fig. 8–8
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Stresses in Threads of Power Screws

 Consider stress element at the top of the root “plane”

 Obtain von Mises stress from Eq. (5–14),

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Thread Deformation in Screw-Nut Combination

 Power screw thread is in compression, causing elastic


shortening of screw thread pitch.
 Engaging nut is in tension, causing elastic lengthening of the nut
thread pitch.
 Consequently, the engaged threads cannot share the load equally.
 Experiments indicate the first thread carries 38% of the load, the
second thread 25%, and the third thread 18%. The seventh
thread is free of load.
 To find the largest stress in the first thread of a screw-nut
combination, use 0.38F in place of F, and set nt = 1.

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 8–1

Fig. 8–4 Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 8–1 (continued)

Fig. 8–3a

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 8–1 (continued)

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 8–1 (continued)

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 8–1 (continued)

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 8–1 (continued)

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 8–1 (continued)

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Example 8–1 (continued)

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Power Screw Safe Bearing Pressure

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Power Screw Friction Coefficients

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design


Recirculating Ball Screws
Benefits: elimination of backlash, loading
caused by preload nuts, very low friction

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common
s/thumb/8/81/BallScrews-with-detail-
insets.jpg/1280px-BallScrews-with-detail-
insets.jpg

Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design

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