MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave Module

Short Description
 MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

MIKE21_BW_short_description_.doc/HKH/2007Short_Descriptions.lsm/2007-11-19

Agern Allé 5 Tel: +45 4516 9200

DK-2970 Hørsholm Support: +45 4516 9333
Denmark Fax: +45 4516 9292

E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.dhigroup.com
Model Equations

MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave MIKE 21 BW includes the two models:

Module • 2DH Boussinesq wave model
• 1DH Boussinesq wave model
MIKE 21 BW is the state-of-the-art numerical
modelling tool for studies and analysis of wave The 2DH model covers two horizontal space-co-
disturbance in ports, harbours and coastal areas. ordinates) and the 1DH model one horizontal
The combination of an advanced GUI and space-co-ordinate (coastal profiles).
efficient computational engines has made it an MIKE 21 BW is based on the numerical solution
irreplaceable tool for professional coastal and of the time domain formulations of Boussinesq
harbour engineers around the world. type equations, Madsen et al (1991, 1992,
MIKE 21 BW has been used successfully for the 1997a,b), Sørensen and Sørensen (2001) and
analysis of operational and design conditions Sørensen et al (2004).
within ports and harbours. By the inclusion of surf Both models solve the Boussinesq type equations
and swash zone dynamics, the application range is using a flux-formulation with improved frequency
extended further into the coastal engineering. dispersion characteristics. The enhanced
Boussinesq type equations make the models
suitable for simulation of propagation of non-
linear directional waves from deep to shallow
water.

MIKE 21 BW is a state-of-the-art numerical tool for studies

and analysis of short and long period wave disturbance in
ports and harbours

MIKE 21 BW is capable of reproducing the

combined effects of all important wave
phenomena of interest in port, harbour and coastal
engineering. These include:
• shoaling
• refraction
• diffraction
• wave breaking
• bottom dissipation
• moving shoreline MIKE 21 BW includes two models. The 2DH model (upper
panel) is traditionally applied for calculation of wave
• partial reflection disturbance in ports, harbours and coastal areas. The 1DH
• wave transmission model (lower panel) is selected for calculation of wave
• non-linear wave-wave interactions transformation from offshore to the beach for the study of
surf zone and swash zone dynamics
• frequency spreading
• directional spreading

Short Description Page 1

 MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

Application Areas
A major application area of MIKE 21 BW is
determination and assessment of wave dynamics
in ports and harbours and in coastal areas. The
disturbance inside harbour basins is one of the
most important factors when engineers are to
select construction sites and determine the
optimum harbour layout in relation to predefined
criteria for acceptable wave disturbance, ship
movements, mooring arrangements and handling
down-time.

2DH Boussinesq Wave Model

Applications of the 2DH model include:
• determination of wave disturbance caused by
wind-waves and swell
• analysis of low-frequency oscillations
(seiching and harbour resonance) caused by
Simulation of wave penetration, Frederikshavn harbour,
forcing of e.g. short-wave induced long waves Denmark

Simulation of wave propagation and agitation in a harbour area for an extreme wave event. The breaking waves (surface
rollers) are shown in white

• wave transformation in coastal areas where The assessment of low-frequency motions in

reflection and/or diffraction are important existing as well as new harbours is often
phenomena performed by a combination of simulations with
• surf zone calculations including wave-induced synthetic white-noise spectra and simulations with
circulation and run-up/run-down natural wave spectra. The purpose of the former
• simulation of propagation and transformation type of simulation is to investigate the potential
of transients such as ship-generated waves and for seiching/resonance and identify the natural
tsunamis frequencies. This is particularly useful for
comparisons of alternative layouts.

Page 2 MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave Module

Model Equations

Wave transformation in Port of Long Beach, CA, USA

Wave transformation, wave breaking and run-up in the

vicinity of a detached breakwater parallel to the shoreline.
The lower image shows the associated circulation cell
behind the breakwater

MIKE 21 BW is also applied for prediction and

MIKE 21 BW application in Port of Sines, Portugal
analysis of the impact of ship-generated waves
(also denoted as wake wash) in ports and harbours
and coastal areas. Essential boundary conditions
(at open or internal boundaries) for the models can
be obtained from 3D computational fluid dynamic
(CFD) models, experimental data, full-scale data
and/or empirical relationships.

Natural fundamental modes of low-frequency oscillation.

Long wave energy intensity and surface elevation
envelopes along the longitudinal line of the basin. The
digital filtering is performed the WSWAT analysis tool
included in MIKE Zero

With inclusion of wave breaking and moving Wave breaking and run-up of ship waves on an offshore
island
shoreline MIKE 21 BW is also an efficient tool for
the study of many complicated coastal
phenomena, e.g. wave induced-current patterns in
areas with complex structures.

Short Description Page 3

 MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

1DH Boussinesq Wave Model

Applications of the 1DH model include:
• computation of transformation of non-linear
waves from deep water through the surf zone
and to the beach
• analysis of generation and release of low-
frequency waves
• analysis of wave breaking, undertow and run-
up on dikes, revetments and beaches
The 1DH model can be applied for a number of
Wave transformation, wave breaking and run-up on an transects (one spatial dimension) where surf zone
offshore island (directional wave input) and swash zone dynamics are simulated.
With the inclusion of wave breaking not only the
spatial variation of e.g. the significant wave
height, maximum wave height and wave set-up on
the beach can be computed, but also details like
the generation and release of low-frequency
energy due to primary wave transformation can be
computed. This is of significant importance for
harbour resonance (seiching) and coastal
processes.

Examples of simulation of wave transformation in larger

coastal areas using the 2DH model

Transformation of irregular non-linear waves over a natural

barred beach profile (upper panel). Offshore (left) and
onshore (right) frequency wave spectra (lower panels).
1
The spectra are computed using the WSWAT analysis
tool included in MIKE Zero (see page 14)

1
Wave disturbance in Rønne Harbour, Denmark WSWAT is a new package within the MIKE Zero framework
including a number of advanced modules for detailed wave
analysis of time series data from physical model tests,
numerical simulations or field measurements. WSWAT is a
particularly a strong tool for analysing MIKE 21 BW output
data in time and space.

Page 4 MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave Module

Model Equations

Model Equations Subscripts x, y and t denote partial differentiation

The Boussinesq wave models included in MIKE with respect to space and time, respectively.
21 BW solve the enhanced Boussinesq equations The incorporation of wave breaking is based on
expressed in one or two horizontal dimensions in the concept of surface rollers, where the terms
terms of the free surface elevation, ξ, and the denoted Rxx, Rxy and Ryy account for the excess
depth-integrated velocity-components, P and Q. momentum originating from the non-uniform
The Boussinesq equations read: velocity distribution due to the presence of the
surface roller. Rxx, Rxy and Ryy are defined by:
Continuity
2
∂ξ ∂P ∂Q δ ⎛ P⎞
n + + =0 R xx = ⎜ cx − ⎟
∂t ∂x ∂y 1− δ / h ⎝ h⎠

δ ⎛ P ⎞⎛ Q⎞
x-momentum R xy = ⎜ c x − ⎟⎜ c y − ⎟
1− δ / h ⎝ h ⎠⎝ h⎠

∂P ∂ ⎛⎜ P 2 ⎞⎟ ∂ ⎛ PQ ⎞ ∂Rxx ∂Rxy δ ⎛ Q⎞
2
n + + ⎜ ⎟+ + + R yy = ⎜cy − ⎟
∂t ∂x ⎜⎝ h ⎟⎠ ∂y ⎝ h ⎠ ∂x ∂x 1− δ / h ⎝ h⎠
⎡ P 2 + Q 2 ⎤ gP P 2 + Q 2
∂ξ
n 2 gh + n 2 P ⎢α + β ⎥+ + nΨ1 = 0 Here δ = δ(t , x, y ) is the thickness of the surface
∂x ⎢ h ⎥ h 2C 2
⎣ ⎦
roller and c x and c y are the components of the
y-momentum roller celerity.
The enhanced Boussinesq type equations make the
∂Q ∂ ⎛⎜ Q 2 ⎞⎟ ∂ ⎛ PQ ⎞ ∂Rxx ∂Rxy
n + + ⎜ ⎟+ + + models suitable for simulation of the propagation
∂t ∂y ⎜⎝ h ⎟⎠ ∂x ⎝ h ⎠ ∂x ∂x
of directional wave trains travelling from deep to
∂ξ
⎡ P 2 + Q 2 ⎤ gQ P 2 + Q 2 shallow water.
n 2 gh + n 2Q ⎢α + β ⎥+ + nΨ2 = 0
∂y ⎢ h ⎥ h 2C 2
⎣ ⎦

Symbol list
where the dispersive Boussinesq terms Ψ1 and Ψ2
are defined by P flux density in the x-direction (m3/m/s)
Q flux density in the y-direction (m3/m/s)
⎛ 1⎞ 2
( ) (
Ψ 1 ≡ - ⎜ B + ⎟ d P xxt + Q xyt - nBg d ξ xxx + ξ xyy
3⎠
3
) B Boussinesq dispersion coefficient (-)
⎝
x, y Cartesian co-ordinates (m)
⎛1 1 ⎞ t time (s)
- dd x ⎜ P xt + Q yt + nBgd (2 ξ xx + ξ yy ) ⎟
⎝3 6 ⎠ h total water depth (=d+ξ )
d still water depth (m)
⎛1 ⎞
- dd y ⎜ Q xt + nBgdξ xy ⎟
⎝6 ⎠ g gravitational acceleration (= 9.81 m/s2)
n porosity (-)
⎛ 1⎞ 2
( ) (
Ψ 2 ≡ - ⎜ B + ⎟ d Q yyt + P xyt - nBg d ξ yyy + ξ xxy
3⎠
3
) C Chezy resistance number (m0.5/s)
⎝
α resistance coefficient for laminar flow in
porous media (-)
⎛1 1 ⎞
- dd y ⎜ Q yt + P xt + nBgd (2 ξ yy + ξ xx ) ⎟
⎝3 6 ⎠ β resistance coefficient for turbulent flow in
porous media (-)
⎛1 ⎞
- dd x ⎜ P yt + nBgdξ xy ⎟
ξ water surface elevation above datum (m)
⎝6 ⎠

Short Description Page 5

 MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

Momentum

∂P ∂ ⎛⎜ P 2 ⎞⎟ ∂R xx ∂ξ 1 ∂3P
n + + + n 2 gh − n( B + )d 2 +
∂t ∂x ⎜⎝ h ⎟⎠ ∂x ∂x 3 ∂x∂x∂t

1 ∂d ∂ 2 P ∂w ⎡ P ⎤ gP P
− d − n 2 Bgd 2 + n 2 P ⎢α + β ⎥ + =0
3 ∂x ∂x∂t ∂x ⎣ h ⎦ h 2C 2

Cross-section of a breaking wave and the assumed Auxiliary variable w

vertical profile of the horizontal particle velocity
components ∂ ∂ξ
w= (d )
∂x ∂x
The maximum depth to deep-water wavelength is
h/L0 ≈ 0.5 (or kh ≈ 3.1, where kh is the relative These equations only contain terms with second
wave number) for B= 1/15. For the classical order derivatives with respect to the spatial co-
Boussinesq equations (B= 0) the maximum depth ordinates. Recasting these equations into a weak
to deep-water wavelength is h/L0 ≈ 0.22 (or kh ≈ form using the standard Galerkin finite element
1.4). method and applying the divergence theorem to
the dispersive Boussinesq type terms, the
equations can be written in a form, which only
requires the interpolation functions to be
continuous as described in Sørensen et al (2004).

Solution Methods
The numerical implementation is different for the
two models.

2DH Boussinesq Wave Model

The differential equations are spatially discretised
Wave propagation and transformation of a tsunami in an
on a rectangular, staggered grid as illustrated
urbanised coastal area simulated by MIKE 21 BW 2DH below. Scalar quantities such as water surface
elevation are defined in the grid nodes, whereas
flux components are defined halfway between
1DH Boussinesq Wave Model adjacent grid nodes in the respective directions.
The 1DH model of MIKE 21 BW solves the
enhanced Boussinesq equations by a standard The finite-difference approximation of the spatial
Galerkin finite element method with mixed derivatives is a straightforward mid-centring,
interpolation. except for the convective terms, which are
described in detail in Madsen and Sørensen (1992)
One of the main problems when solving and Madsen et al (1997a).
Boussinesq type equations using finite element
techniques is the presence of higher-order spatial The integration in time is performed using a time-
derivatives. In MIKE 21 BW this problem is centred implicit scheme. The applied algorithm is
handled by using an approach where the a non-iterative Alternating Direction Implicit
Boussinesq type equations are written in a lower (ADI) algorithm, using a 'fractional step'
order form by introducing a new auxiliary variable technique and 'side-feeding' (semi-linearisation of
w and an auxiliary algebraic equation. The non-linear terms). The resulting tri-diagonal
governing equations then have the following form: systems of equations are solved by the Double
Sweep Algorithm.
Continuity

∂ξ ∂P
n + =0
∂t ∂x

Page 6 MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave Module

Model Input Data

incomplete LU factorisation). Both methods are

implemented in MIKE 21 BW.

Model Input Data

The necessary input data to the two models in
MIKE 21 BW can be divided into the following
groups:
• Basic data:
− bathymetry
− type of model and equations
− numerical parameters
− type of boundaries
Staggered grid in x-y-space
− time step and length of simulation
• Calibration data:
1DH Boussinesq Wave Model − initial conditions
Finite element solutions of the Boussinesq − boundary data
equations in primitive form can exhibit severe
− internal wave generation data
spurious modes especially when equal-order
− wave breaking
interpolation functions are applied for the fluxes
and the surface elevation. To get stable and − moving shoreline
oscillation free solutions, mixed interpolation is − bottom friction
used in the present version of the model. Elements − partial wave reflection/transmission
with quadratic fluxes and linear surface elevation − wave absorbing
and auxiliary variable are applied. • Output data:
− deterministic output
− phase-averaged output
− wave disturbance output
− hot start output
− moving shoreline output

An example of a bathymetry used in MIKE 21 BW 1DH

The integration in time is performed using either

an explicit three step Taylor-Galerkin scheme or a
predictor-corrector method (4th-order Adams-
Bashforth-Moulton method).
To obtain the auxiliary variable and the
derivatives with respect to time of the fluxes and
surface elevation, three sets of linear equations
have to be solved. For small problems, these
systems can be solved using Gaussian elimination
with sparse technique. For larger systems more
cost-efficient methods are used such as a Krylov
subspace iterative method (e.g. GMRES)
combined with an efficient preconditioner (e.g. Example of bathymetry used in the MIKE 21 BW 2DH
model

Short Description Page 7

 MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

The main task in preparing the input data for the

MIKE 21 BW models is to generate a bathymetry,
maps of porosity and sponge layers. Porosity
layers are used to model either partial reflection
and/or transmission through porous structures. For
areas where wave radiation is required absorbing
sponge layers are specified.

Graphical user interface of the MIKE 21 Toolbox

Incident waves are specified through boundary

Example of a map including sponge layer and internal conditions. The waves may either be specified
wave generation data along open boundaries or be generated internally
within the model.
The Bathymetry Editor, which is included in the
MIKE 21 PP (Pre- and Post-processing) package, At open boundaries, the incident wave energy is
provides an efficient work environment for given as time series of surface elevations (level
creating, editing and presenting detailed digital boundary) or flux densities perpendicular to the
bathymetries. Tools for preparation of porosity boundary (flux boundary). For the enhanced
and sponge layer maps are included in the MIKE Boussinesq equations additional information about
21 Toolbox as illustrated below. the derivatives of the surface elevation is required.
As outgoing waves will be reflected from an open
boundary, this type of boundary is applied when
no or minor reflection is expected from the model
area.
With internal wave generation it is possible to
generate fully directional waves or unidirectional
waves propagating with an angle to the generation
line. The generation line is placed in front of a
sponge layer absorbing all outgoing waves.
Boundary or internal generation data is easily
prepared using the tools included in the MIKE 21
Toolbox. The tools support the most widely used
Example of a map including porosity layers for modelling
of partial reflection/transmission type of frequency spectra as well as user-defined
spectra and directional distributions. The Toolbox
is also capable of generating regular waves of
Cnoidal type, Stokes type or Boussinesq type.

Page 8 MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave Module

Model Output

• GIS presentation (using DHI Marine GIS

Extension for ArcGIS®)
Binary output data may also be loaded directly
into a MATLAB® workspace using DHI's DFS
Functions for MATLAB®, which can be
downloaded from:
http://www.dhisoftware.com/mike21/Download/Tools/matlabdfs.htm

Output from MIKE 21 BW 2DH. The panel to the left

MIKE 21 BW supports input data representing directional, shows a map of the instantaneous surface elevation. The
unidirectional and regular wave conditions right panel shows the map of the corresponding wave
disturbance coefficients. Nykøbing Mors harbour,
Denmark
Model Output
Five types of output data can be obtained from the
Deterministic Output Parameters
model:
• Deterministic parameters
• Phase-averaged parameters
• Wave disturbance parameters (2DH only)
• Hot start parameters (2DH only)
• Moving shoreline parameters (1DH only)
Deterministic parameter data basically consist of
time series of surface elevations and depth-
integrated velocity components. Phase-averaged
parameters are obtained by user defined time-
integration of derived variables.
The deterministic output dialog of MIKE 21 BW allows the
All type of output data can be post-processed, user to save time series of surface elevations in points,
analysed and presented in various graphical forms along transects or in domain areas for subsequent
using the pre- and post-processing module, MIKE analysis and visualisation
21 PP as well as other tools within the MIKE Zero
framework. Following deterministic output parameters can be
selected from the user interface:
Examples are:
• Surface elevation
• Time series plots (0D, 2D and 3D) • Water level
• Data checking by graphical and tabular view • P flux
• Statistics • Q flux
• 2D/3D animations (e.g. AVI) • Still water depth
• Time series analysis (using WSWAT) analysis • Auxiliary variable
• Roller thickness

Short Description Page 9

 MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

• Roller angle The following phase-averaged output parameters

• Roller celerity cx can be selected from the user interface:
• Roller celerity cy • Significant wave height
• Water level (roller) • Maximum wave height
• Maximum surface elevation
• Minimum surface elevation
• Mean surface elevation
• Mean flux, P
• Mean flux, Q
• Mean velocity, u0
• Mean velocity, v0
• Mean roller thickness
• Skewness
• Kurtosis
• Atiltness
Example of deterministic output (instantaneous surface
elevation), Klaksvik, Faeroe Islands • Radiation stress (1DH only)

Phase-averaged Output Parameters

The phase-averaged output dialog of MIKE 21 BW allows

the user to save a large number of commonly used
derived variables

It is possible to select between the following two

types of phase-averaged wave statistics:
• Cumulative statistics
• Subseries statistics
and whether or not the phase averaging should
cover the swash zone. If "cumulative statistics" is
selected, the output items will be updated
regularly corresponding to a specified update Output from MIKE 21 BW 2DH. Maximum wave height,
interval. In the case of "subseries statistics", the Torsminde Harbour, Denmark
output items will be set to zero at the update
interval.

Page 10 MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave Module

Model Output

Wave Disturbance Output Parameters (2DH only) Moving Shoreline Output Parameters (1DH only)

MIKE 21 BW is the optimal tool for design of new terminals MIKE 21 BW can be used to study swash zone oscillations
and run-up
The wave disturbance coefficient is defined as the
ratio of the significant wave height relative to the The moving shoreline output parameters consists
incoming significant wave height. If e.g. the wave of time series containing the following three
height at a given position is 0.5 m and the output items:
incoming (offshore) wave height is 2.0 m, then the • Horizontal run-up
wave disturbance coefficient is 0.5/2.0 = 0.25, or
• Vertical run-up
25 %.
• Total run-up
The following wave disturbance related output
parameters can be selected from the user interface: Hot Start Output Parameters (2DH only)
• Significant wave height, Hm0 The hot start facility in MIKE 21 BW allows
• Wave disturbance coefficient, Hm0/Hm0,incoming starting a simulation as a continuation of an earlier
• Time of arrival of the first wave run. To enable this, details of the finishing
conditions of earlier simulations must have been
Additional wave statistics for the areas defined in saved in a hot data.
a so-called "Area Code Map" file can be extracted.
The statistics cover following parameters: This type of output is mainly used for 2DH
applications involving wave-current interactions,
• Maximum wave disturbance where the wave simulation is hot started from a
• Minimum wave disturbance run with currents only.
• Mean wave disturbance
• Standard deviation Examples of output from 1DH model
• Number of data for each defined area
The additional wave statistics output is saved in an
ASCII text file, which can be viewed by a
common text editor or imported into a
spreadsheet.

Output from MIKE 21 BW 1DH. The panel shows the

instantaneous surface elevation on a sloping beach

Short Description Page 11

 MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

Comparison between measured and simulated significant

wave height on a barred beach

Validation
MIKE 21 BW has successfully been applied to a
large number of rather basic idealised situations
for which the results can be compared with
analytical solutions or information from the
literature. The results are presented in various
internationally accepted journals, see the reference
section.
The models have also been validated under natural
geophysical conditions, which are more realistic
Example of moving shoreline output parameters; vertical
and complex than the academic and laboratory
and horizontal wave run-up on a coast (irregular waves)
tests, see references on applications.

Graphical User Interface

MIKE 21 BW is operated through a fully
Windows integrated Graphical User Interface.
Support is provided at each stage by an Online
Help system.

MIKE21 BW includes a number of Java scripts for efficient

Comparison between measured and simulated significant model set-up and execution
wave height. Beirut Marina, Lebanon

Page 12 MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave Module

Hardware and Operating System Requirements

The graphical user interface of the MIKE 21 BW model including an example of the Online Help system

Hardware and Operating System Support

Requirements News about new features, applications, papers,
MIKE 21 BW supports Microsoft Windows XP updates, patches, etc. are available here:
and Microsoft Windows Vista. Microsoft Internet http://www.dhigroup.com/Software/Download/DocumentsAndTools.aspx
Explorer 5.0 (or higher) is required for network
license management as well as for accessing the
For further information on MIKE 21 BW, please
Online Help.
contact your local DHI agent or the Software
The recommended minimum hardware Support Centre:
requirements for executing MIKE 21 BW are:
Software Support Centre
DHI
Processor: 2 GHz PC (or higher) Agern Allé 5
Memory (RAM): 1 GB (or higher)
DK-2970 Hørsholm
Denmark
Hard disk: 40 GB (or higher)
Tel: +45 4516 9333
Monitor: SVGA, resolution 1024x768 Fax: +45 4516 9292
Graphic card: 32 MB RAM (or higher), http://dhigroup.com/Software.aspx
24 bit true colour [email protected]
Media: CD-ROM/DVD drive, 20 x
speed (or higher)

Short Description Page 13

 MIKE 21 WAVE MODELLING

References
Sørensen, O.R., Schäffer, H.A. and Sørensen,
L.S., 2004. Boussinesq type modelling using an
unstructured finite element technique. Coastal
Eng., 50, 181-198.
Sørensen, O.R. and Sørensen. L.S., 2001.
Boussinesq type modelling using unstructured
finite element technique. In Proc. 27th Coastal
Eng. Conf. 190-202.
Madsen, P.A., Sørensen, O.R. and Schäffer, H.A.,
1997a. Surf zone dynamics simulated by a
Boussinesq type model. Part I: Model description
and cross-shore motion of regular waves. Coastal
Eng., 32, 255-288.
Madsen, P.A., Sørensen, O.R. and Schäffer, H.A., WS Wave Analysis Tools included in MIKE Zero is a new
1997b. Surf zone dynamics simulated by a package including a number of advanced modules for
Boussinesq type model. Part II: Surf beat and detailed wave analysis of time series data from numerical
model simulations
swash zone oscillations for wave groups and
irregular waves. Coastal Eng., 32, 289-320.
Madsen, P A. and Sørensen, O. R., 1992. A New Selected references on applications
Form of the Boussinesq Equations with Improved Kofoed-Hansen, H., Kerper, D.R., Sørensen, O.R.,
Linear Dispersion Characteristics, Part 2: A Kirkegaard, J., 2005. Simulation of long wave
Slowly-varying Bathymetry. Coastal Eng., 18, agitation in ports and harbours using a time-
183-204. domain Boussinesq model. In preparation.
Madsen, P.A., Murray, R. and Sørensen, O. R., Gierlevsen, T., Hebsgaard, M. and Kirkegaard, J.,
1991. A New Form of the Boussinesq Equations 2001. Wave disturbance modelling in Port of
with Improved Linear Dispersion Characteristics Sines, Portugal - with special emphasis on long
(Part 1). Coastal Eng., 15, 371-388. period oscillations. In Proc. International
Conference on Port and Maritime R&D and
Madsen, P.A., 1983. Wave Reflection from a Technology, Singapore, 29-21 October 2001,
Vertical Permeable Wave Absorber. Coastal Eng., 337-344.
7, 381-396.
Kofoed-Hansen, H., Slot, P., Sørensen O.R. and
Abbott, M. B., Petersen, H. M. and Skovgaard, O., Fuchs, J., 2001. Combined numerical and physical
1978. On the Numerical Modelling of Short modelling of seiching in exposed new marina. In
Waves in Shallow Water. J. Hydr. Res., 16, 173- Proc. 27th International Conference of Coastal
204. Engineering, 3600-3614.
Kuang-ming, Y., Rugbjerg, M. and Kej, A., 1987.
Numerical modelling of harbour disturbance in
comparison with physical modelling and field
measurements. Proc. Second Int. Conf. on Coastal
and Port Eng. in Developing Countries, Beijing,
China.
Berenguer, I., Rugbjerg, M., Madsen, P. A. and
Kej, A., 1986. Mathematical and physical wave
MIKE 21 BW includes wave breaking (surface rollers) disturbance modelling-complementary tools. Proc.
20th Int. Conf. on Coastal Eng., Taipei, 9-14
November 1986.

Page 14 MIKE 21 BW - Boussinesq Wave Module