Systems Analysis and Design

Lecture 1
1.1 Business Drivers for Today’s IS
a. Globalization of the Economy - support multiple languages, currency exchange rates,
international trade regulations and different business cultures and practices.
b. Electronic Commerce and Business
b.1 Electronic Commerce - buying and selling of goods and services by using the internet.
b.2 Electronic Business - use of internet to conduct and support day to day business
activities.

Three basic types of e-commerce and e-business enabled information system applications:
1. Marketing of corporate image products and services
2. Business-to-consumer (B2C) dynamic
3. Business-to-business (B2B)
c. Security and Privacy
d. Collaboration and Partnership
e. Knowledge Asset Management
e.1 data – raw facts about people, places, events and things that are of importance in an
organization
e.2 information - data that has been processed or reorganized into a more meaningful
form for someone information is formed from combinations of data that hopefully have
meaning to the recipient
e.3 knowledge - data and information that is further refined based on the facts, truths,
beliefs, judgments, experiences and expertise of the recipient, ideally information leads to
wisdom
f. Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management
f.1 Business Processes - work, procedures, and rules required to complete the business
tasks, independent of any information technology used to automate or support.
f.2 Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) – continuous monitoring of business processes
to effect small but measurable improvements in cost reduction and value added.
f.3 Total Quality Management (TQM) - comprehensive approach to facilitating quality
improvements and managements and management within a business.
g. Business Process Redesign - study, analysis, and redesign of fundamental business processes
to reduce costs and/or improve value added to the business.
1.2 Technology Drivers for Today’s IS
a. Networks and internet
b. Mobile and Wireless technologies
c. Object Technologies

c.1 Object Technology - software technology that defines a system in terms of objects that
consolidated data and behavior, become reusable and extensible components for the
software developers.
 c.2 Object-oriented Analysis and Design - collection of tools and techniques for system
development that utilize object technologies to construct a system and its software

c.3 Agile Development - system development strategy wherein the appropriate tools and
techniques to best accomplish the tasks at hand.

d. Collaboration Technologies
e. Enterprise Applications
e.1 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) - software application that fully integrates
information systems that span most or all of the basic, core business functions.
e.2 Supply Chain Management (SCM) - software application that optimizes business
processes for raw material procurement through finished product distribution by directly
integrating the logistical information system of organization with those of their suppliers
and distributors.
e.3 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) - software application that provides
customers with access to a business processes from initial inquiry through post sale service
and support.
e.4 Enterprise Application and support (EAI) - process and technologies used to link
applications to support the flow of data and information between those applications.

1.3 System Development Process

a. Set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables and automated tools that
stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software.

General Problem-Solving Steps:

1. Identify the problem.

2. Analyze and understand the problem
3. Identify solution requirements and expectations
4. Identify alternative solutions and choose the “best” course of action
5. Design the chosen solution
6. Implement the solution
7. Evaluate the results (if the problem is not solve, return to step 1 or 2 as appropriate.)

Process Management - ongoing activity that defines, improves, and coordinates the use of an
organization’s chosen methodology and standards for all system development projects.

1.4.1 System Development Process

a. System Initiation - produces a business problem statement, project plan that establishes
scope, goals, schedule, and budget for solving the problem with a technical solution.
b. System Analysis - produces a statement of the system user’s business requirements,
expectations, and priorities for a solution to the business problem.
c. System Design - a technical blueprint and specification for a solution that fulfills the
d. business requirements.
e. System Implementation - the technical hardware and software solution for the business
problem according to the technical architecture and specifications.
 Information System Building Blocks

The Product – Information System

CUSTOMERS

E-Commerce and Relation Management (CRM)

Front
Office Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Systems

Marketing Is Sales IS Customer

Mgt. IS

Management Information and Decision Support System

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Human Financial IS Manufacturing Inventory IS

Resources IS IS

Back
Office
Systems E-Commerce and Supply Chain Management (SCM)

SUPPLIERS

Organization are served not by a single IS (product) but by a federation of IS that supports various business
functions.

Front-Office IS - supports business functions that reach out to customers.

Back-Office IS - supports the internal business operations as well as interact with the suppliers
A Framework for Information System Architecture

An IS architecture:

 Serves as a higher level framework for understanding different views of the stakeholder
fundamental building blocks of an IS.
 Provides a foundation for organizing the various components of any IS you care to develop.

Knowledge Building Blocks

System Owner’s View of Knowledge. The system owner is not interested in raw data but in information that
add s new business knowledge.