https://www.codecademy.

com/articles/sql-commands

CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE table_name (column_1 datatype, column_2 datatype, column_3 datatype);
CREATE TABLE groceries (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, quantity INTEGER );

INSERT INTO
INSERT INTO table_name (column_1, column_2, column_3) VALUES (value_1, 'value_2',
value_3);
INSERT INTO groceries VALUES (1, "Bananas", 4);
INSERT INTO groceries VALUES (2, "Peanut Butter", 1);
INSERT INTO groceries VALUES (3, "Dark chocolate bars", 2);

AUTOINCREMENT
CREATE TABLE exercise_logs
(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, type TEXT, minutes INTEGER, calories INTEGER,
heart_rate INTEGER);
INSERT INTO exercise_logs(type, minutes, calories, heart_rate) VALUES ("biking", 30, 100, 110);
/*Cria IDs primary keys automaticamente, sem inserir os IDs

SELECT
SELECT column_name FROM table_name;
SELECT * FROM groceries;

SELECT DISTINCT
/*somente valores não repetidos
SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;

ORDER BY
SELECT column_name FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name ASC | DESC;
SELECT * FROM groceries ORDER BY aisle;

WHERE
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value;
SELECT * FROM groceries WHERE aisle > 5 ORDER BY aisle;

SUM
SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name;
SELECT SUM(quantity) FROM groceries;

AVG
SELECT AVG(column_name) FROM table_name;
SELECT type, AVG(calories) AS avg_calories FROM exercise_logs GROUP BY type HAVING
avg_calories > 70

MÁX
SELECT MÁX(column_name) FROM table_name;
SELECT MÁX(quantity) FROM groceries;
COUNT()
SELECT COUNT(column_name) FROM table_name;
SELECT type FROM exercise_logs GROUP BY type HAVING COUNT(*) >= 2;

GROUP BY
SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name;
SELECT SUM(quantity) FROM groceries GROUP BY aisle;
SELECT aisle, SUM(quantity) FROM groceries GROUP BY aisle;
/*Em tese colocar só uma column_name no SELECT e no GROUP BY para não dar “erro” de
informação

AND
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_1 = value_1 AND column_2 =
value_2;
SELECT * FROM exercise_logs WHERE calories > 50 AND minutes < 30;

OR
SELECT column_name FROM table_name WHERE column_name = value_1 OR column_name =
value_2;
SELECT * FROM exercise_logs WHERE calories > 50 OR heart_rate > 100;

IN
/* SEM IN */
SELECT * FROM exercise_logs WHERE type = "biking" OR type = "hiking" OR type = "tree
climbing" OR type = "rowing";
/* USANDO IN */
SELECT * FROM exercise_logs WHERE type IN ("biking", "hiking", "tree climbing", "rowing");

SUB-QUERYES
SELECT * FROM exercise_logs WHERE type IN (SELECT type FROM drs_favorites);
/* adicional de WHERE */
SELECT * FROM exercise_logs WHERE type IN (SELECT type FROM drs_favorites WHERE reason
= "Increases cardiovascular health");

LIKE e %%
Parte de Textos
SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name LIKE pattern;
SELECT * FROM exercise_logs WHERE type IN (SELECT type FROM drs_favorites WHERE reason
LIKE "%cardiovascular%");
where the value of the City column starts with letter "a" and ends with the letter "b".
SELECT * FROM Customers where city like "a%b"
second letter of the City is an "a".
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE City LIKE '_a%';
AS
SELECT column_name AS 'Alias' FROM table_name;
SELECT type, SUM(calories) AS total_calories FROM exercise_logs GROUP BY type;

HAVING
Retorna uma condição do valor “agregado, não de cada linha individualmente
SELECT column_name, COUNT(*) FROM table_name GROUP BY column_name HAVING
COUNT(*) > value;
SELECT type, SUM(calories) AS total_calories FROM exercise_logs
GROUP BY type
HAVING total_calories > 150

CASE
SELECT column_name,
CASE
WHEN condition THEN 'Result_1'
WHEN condition THEN 'Result_2'
ELSE 'Result_3'
END
FROM table_name;
SELECT type, heart_rate,
CASE
WHEN heart_rate > 220-30 THEN "above max"
WHEN heart_rate > ROUND(0.90 * (220-30)) THEN "above target"
WHEN heart_rate > ROUND(0.50 * (220-30)) THEN "within target"
ELSE "below target"
END as "hr_zone"
FROM exercise_logs;

INNER JOIN
/* implicit inner join */
SELECT * FROM student_grades, students
WHERE student_grades.student_id = students.id;

/* explicit inner join - JOIN */

OUTER JOIN
/* outer join */ - quando não tem correspondente, coloca tabela da esquerda mesmo assim,
com variável NULL
SELECT students.first_name, students.last_name, student_projects.title
FROM students
LEFT OUTER JOIN student_projects
ON students.id = student_projects.student_id;

SELF JOIN
/* self join */
SELECT students.first_name, students.last_name, buddies.email as buddy_email
FROM students
JOIN students buddies
ON students.buddy_id = buddies.id;

COMBINANDO JOINS
/*2 JOINS*/
SELECT a.title, b.title FROM project_pairs
JOIN student_projects a
ON project_pairs.project1_id = a.id
JOIN student_projects b
ON project_pairs.project2_id = b.id;

EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN

CÓDIGOS DE ESCRITA
UPDATE
UPDATE table_name SET some_column = some_value WHERE some_column = some_value;
UPDATE diary_logs SET content = "I had a horrible fight with OhNoesGuy" WHERE id = 1;

DELETE
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE some_column = some_value;
DELETE FROM diary_logs WHERE id = 1;

ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
ALTER TABLE diary_logs ADD emotion TEXT;
ALTER TABLE diary_logs ADD emotion TEXT default "unknown"; /* coloca o valor unknown
onde estiver vazio ap[os a criação

DROP TABLE
/* excluir banco de dados
DROP TABLE diary_logs;