L1050102 - Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
L1050102 - Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
L1050102 - Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
User’s Guide
Release History
Any comments about the documentation for this product should be addressed to:
User Assistance
PerkinElmer Ltd
Chalfont Road
Seer Green
Beaconsfield
Bucks HP9 2FX
United Kingdom
Notices
Copyright Information
Trademarks
Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such,
are protected by law.
PerkinElmer is a registered trademark of PerkinElmer, Inc.
Spectrum, AssureID and Frontier are trademarks of PerkinElmer, Inc.
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................... 5
About This Manual ......................................................................................... 6
Conventions Used in this Manual ..................................................................... 7
Notes, Cautions and Warnings .................................................................. 7
Warnings and Safety Information ........................................................... 11
Safety Summary .......................................................................................... 12
General Safety ............................................................................................ 13
Location and Ventilation ............................................................................... 14
To allow for adequate cooling ................................................................. 14
To allow any nitrogen used to disperse .................................................... 14
Use of flammable solvents and samples ................................................... 15
Electrical Safety ........................................................................................... 16
Laser Safety Regulations .............................................................................. 17
Radiation Hazards and their Classification ....................................................... 18
Laser radiation ...................................................................................... 18
Radiation emitted by an NIR source ........................................................ 18
Labels ........................................................................................................ 19
Warning Signs on the Instrument .................................................................. 21
EMC Compliance .......................................................................................... 22
European EMC Directive ......................................................................... 22
FCC rules and regulations ....................................................................... 22
An Overview of the Frontier IR Dual-Range Spectrometers ................... 23
A Guided Tour of the Frontier IR Dual-Range Spectrometers ............................ 24
Configuration changes ........................................................................... 25
Optical system ...................................................................................... 25
Top panel controls ................................................................................. 26
The sample compartment ....................................................................... 27
Internal accessories ............................................................................... 28
External accessories .............................................................................. 28
The Spotlight 400 Series Imaging System ................................................ 29
Sample compartment windows ............................................................... 30
Power switch and communications ports .................................................. 30
Accessories for the Frontier IR Spectrometer .................................................. 31
Frontier IR Sytems Upgrades ........................................................................ 33
Unpacking and Installation ...................................................................... 35
Requirements .............................................................................................. 36
Electrical requirements........................................................................... 36
Environment ......................................................................................... 36
Unpacking the spectrometer ......................................................................... 37
Opening the shipping container............................................................... 37
The Desiccant Indicator ................................................................................ 39
Connecting up the Spectrometer ................................................................... 40
Connecting to the PC ............................................................................. 40
Other connectors .................................................................................. 41
Connecting the spectrometer to the electrical supply ................................. 42
Installing the Instrument in the Software ....................................................... 44
Installing the software ........................................................................... 44
The Instrument Install Wizard................................................................. 44
Using the Spectrometer with Spectrum .................................................. 45
Basics of Software Control ............................................................................ 46
Starting Spectrum software .................................................................... 46
Scanning samples.................................................................................. 47
Changing the instrument range ............................................................... 48
Changing the beampath ......................................................................... 49
Working with the instrument display and Go button .................................. 49
Using the Spectrum on-screen Help system .............................................. 50
Atmospheric (CO2/H2O) Suppression .............................................................. 51
What is atmospheric suppression? ........................................................... 51
What does atmospheric suppression do? .................................................. 51
AVI Correction ............................................................................................. 53
What is AVI correction? .......................................................................... 53
What does AVI correction do? ................................................................. 53
Look Ahead ................................................................................................. 55
What is Look Ahead? ............................................................................. 55
What does Look Ahead do? .................................................................... 55
Quality Checks ............................................................................................ 56
What are Quality Checks? ....................................................................... 56
What do Quality Checks do? ................................................................... 56
Routine Maintenance ............................................................................... 57
Cleaning the spectrometer ............................................................................ 58
Cleaning the display............................................................................... 58
Moving the Spectrometer .............................................................................. 59
Condensation ........................................................................................ 60
The Set Temperature utility .................................................................... 60
Replacing the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR Sample Compartment Windows ................... 61
The Desiccant Indicator in Detail ................................................................... 64
Changing the Desiccant ................................................................................ 65
Renewing the instrument desiccant ......................................................... 66
Installing rechargeable desiccant in the instrument ................................... 67
Renewing the desiccant in the spare window compartment ........................ 68
Purging the Spectrometer ............................................................................. 70
Changing the External Fuse .......................................................................... 73
Cooling the MCT Detector (If Fitted) .............................................................. 75
Advanced Maintenance ............................................................................ 79
Opening the Main Cover ............................................................................... 80
Replacing a Source ...................................................................................... 83
Installing/Replacing Beam Port and Sample Compartment Windows .................. 85
Installing Filters in the Filter Wheel ................................................................ 87
Replacing the Laser and Power Supply ........................................................... 91
Appendices ............................................................................................... 95
Appendix 1: Changing the Sample Area Accessory ........................................... 96
Appendix 2: Instrument Self-Checks .............................................................. 98
Appendix 3: Instrument Performance Validation ............................................. 100
Appendix 4: Decontamination and Cleaning ................................................... 101
Appendix 5: WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products ................................ 102
Index ........................................................................................................ 103
Introduction
6 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
• Introduction
• Routine Maintenance
• Advanced Maintenance
• Appendices.
For further information on collecting, viewing and processing spectra using Spectrum
software, refer to the help file that you can access from the Help menu, or by clicking Help
on a dialog. The Help menu also includes links to on-screen tutorials.
NOTE: This manual shows details for using your instrument with the Spectrum software
package (version 10 or later). If you have Spectrum ES or AssureID software, please
refer to the Administrator’s Guide for your software which can be found on the
IR & Raman Manuals CD (L1050002), or refer to the on-screen Help.
Introduction . 7
We use the term CAUTION to inform you about situations that could
CAUTION result in serious damage to the instrument or other equipment. Details
about these circumstances are in a box like this one.
Caution (Achtung)
Bedeutet, daß die genannte Anleitung genau befolgt werden muß, um
einen Geräteschaden zu vermeiden.
Caution (Bemærk)
Dette betyder, at den nævnte vejledning skal overholdes nøje for at undgå
en beskadigelse af apparatet.
Caution (Advertencia)
Utilizamos el término CAUTION (ADVERTENCIA) para advertir sobre
situaciones que pueden provocar averías graves en este equipo o en otros.
En recuadros éste se proporciona información sobre este tipo de
circunstancias.
Caution (Attention)
Nous utilisons le terme CAUTION (ATTENTION) pour signaler les
situations susceptibles de provoquer de graves détériorations de
l'instrument ou d'autre matériel. Les détails sur ces circonstances figurent
dans un encadré semblable à celui-ci.
Caution (Attenzione)
Con il termine CAUTION (ATTENZIONE) vengono segnalate situazioni
che potrebbero arrecare gravi danni allo strumento o ad altra
apparecchiatura. Troverete informazioni su tali circostanze in un
riquadro come questo.
Caution (Opgelet)
Betekent dat de genoemde handleiding nauwkeurig moet worden
opgevolgd, om beschadiging van het instrument te voorkomen.
Caution (Atenção)
Significa que a instrução referida tem de ser respeitada para evitar a
danificação do aparelho.
Caution (小心)
我们使用“小心”这一术语来通知您有关可能会对
本仪器或其它设备造成严重损害的情况。
有关这些情况的详细信息可在此类方框中找到。
Caution (注意)
分光器や他の機材等に深刻なダメージを与える恐れがある場合は、
この様なボックスの中に表示しています。
Introduction . 9
We use the term WARNING to inform you about situations that could result in
personal injury to yourself or other persons. Details about these
circumstances are in a box like this one.
WARNING
Warning (Warnung)
Bedeutet, daß es bei Nichtbeachten der genannten Anweisung zu einer
Verletzung des Benutzers kommen kann.
Warning (Advarsel)
Betyder, at brugeren kan blive kvæstet, hvis anvisningen ikke overholdes.
Warning (Peligro)
Utilizamos el término WARNING (PELIGRO) para informarle sobre
situaciones que pueden provocar daños personales a usted o a otras
personas. En los recuadros como éste se proporciona información sobre este
tipo de circunstancias.
Warning (Danger)
Nous utilisons la formule WARNING (DANGER) pour avertir des situations
pouvant occasionner des dommages corporels à l'utilisateur ou à d'autres
personnes. Les détails sur ces circonstances sont données dans un encadré
semblable à celui-ci.
Warning (Pericolo)
Con il termine WARNING (PERICOLO) vengono segnalate situazioni che
potrebbero provocare incidenti alle persone. Troverete informazioni su tali
circostanze in un riquadro come questo.
Warning (Waarschuwing)
Betekent dat, wanneer de genoemde aanwijzing niet in acht wordt genomen,
dit kan leiden tot verwondingen van de gebruiker.
Warning (Aviso)
Significa que a não observância da instrução referida poderá causar um
ferimento ao usuário.
Warning (警告)
我们使用“警告”这一术语来通知您有关可能会对您自己或他人造成人
身伤害的情况。
有关这些情况的详细信息可在此类方框中找到。
Warning (警告)
使用者及びその他周辺に危害が及ぶ恐れがある場合は、
この様なボックスの中に注意事項が表示されています。
10 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Warnings and Safety
Information
12 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Safety Summary
The Frontier IR spectrometers have been designed to comply with a wide variety of
international standards governing the safety of laboratory equipment. In routine use, the
instruments pose virtually no risk to you. If you take some simple, common-sense
precautions, you can make sure that you maintain the continued safe operation of your
instrument:
DO make sure that the instrument is properly connected to the electrical supply; in particular
make sure that the ground (earth) is securely connected.
DO disconnect the electrical power cable before opening the main cover of the instrument.
DO keep the instrument dry. Avoid spilling liquid into the instrument. Clean all external spills
immediately. If anything that is spilled enters the main body of the instrument, switch off the
power and contact a PerkinElmer Service Engineer.
DO NOT stare into the internal laser beam under the instrument cover. The instrument
contains a low power, visible (red) laser; momentary exposure to the beam is not dangerous,
but deliberate, direct viewing of the beam along its axis could damage your eye.
DO NOT use a flammable gas to purge the instrument. The instrument contains a hot source,
and a fire or explosion will result. Only use clean, dry, oil-free nitrogen or air to purge the
instrument.
DO read the more detailed information on warnings and safety in the following pages to
ensure the safe operation of the instrument.
Warnings and Safety Information . 13
General Safety
The Frontier IR spectrometers have been designed and tested in accordance with
PerkinElmer specifications and in accordance with the safety requirements of the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The instruments conform to IEC publication
61010-1 (“Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use”) as it applies to IEC Class 1 (earthed) appliances and therefore meets the
requirements of EC low voltage Directive 2006/95/EC.
If the instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection
provided by the instrument may be impaired. Only use the instrument indoors and under the
following conditions:
Temperature 15 °C to 35 °C
Relative Humidity 80% maximum (non-condensing)
If possible, avoid any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened, operating
instrument. If any adjustment, maintenance and repair of the opened, operating instrument
is necessary, this must only be done by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved.
Whenever it is likely that the instrument is unsafe, make it inoperative. The instrument may
be unsafe if it:
WARNING
The instrument has been designed to be safe under the following environmental conditions:
• Indoor use
• Ambient temperatures of 5 °C to 40 °C
Make sure that the switch at the electrical supply inlet on the rear of the
instrument is not obstructed.
WARNING
• 15 cm (6 inches) between any surface and the cooling louvers at the rear of the
instrument.
• 45 cm (18 inches) between any surface and the top surface of the closed sample area
lid (to allow for the lid to be opened fully).
The spectrometer includes a coupling that enables the instrument body, and another
coupling that enables the sample compartment, to be purged using clean, dry, oil-free air or
nitrogen. The recommended flow rate to each connector is 10 l/min, and both the instrument
and the sample compartment vent to their surroundings.
If the instrument is fitted with an MCT detector, this is cooled using liquid nitrogen. A risk
assessment should include personal protection protocols, and proper actions in the event of
accidental spillage. 1 l (2 US pints) of liquid nitrogen evolves to 700 l (approximately
25 cubic feet) of nitrogen gas, and the cold vapor can pool at floor level.
Warnings and Safety Information . 15
The instrument contains a hot source and contact with flammable vapors
may cause an explosion. When working with flammable solvents or
samples, particularly during unattended operation with flow-cells, it is
recommended that the instrument optics area should be continuously
WARNING
purged with dry air or nitrogen to maintain a positive pressure and
prevent flammable vapor from entering the instrument.
WARNING
16 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Electrical Safety
• Connect the instrument to a power supply line that includes a switch or other means of
disconnection from the electricity supply.
• Only plug the instrument into an electricity-supply socket that is provided with a
protective earth connection.
• When fuses need replacing, use only those with the required current rating and of the
specified type. Do not use makeshift fuses and do not short-circuit fuse holders.
• When the instrument is connected to its electricity supply, terminals may be live and the
removal of covers other than those which can be removed by hand is likely to expose
live parts.
• Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument has been
disconnected from all voltage sources.
• The instrument must be disconnected from all voltage sources before it is opened for
any adjustment, replacement, maintenance or repair.
The instrument has an IEC Insulation Class I rating for external circuits – only connect other
equipment that meets the requirements of IEC 61010-1, IEC 60950 or equivalent standards.
Warnings and Safety Information . 17
• The window in the left side of the sample compartment when an internal beam path is
selected.
• An external beam port when the port cover is removed, no accessory is fitted at the
port, and the beampath to the port is selected.
Do not stare into any laser beam. Staring into a laser beam (intrabeam
viewing) can cause permanent damage to your eyes.
WARNING
The laser is automatically shut down when the main cover of the instrument is raised.
1. 21 CFR Part 1040.10 and 1040.11 except for deviations pursuant to Laser Notice No. 50
dated 24 June 2007. Administered by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Laser radiation
Indirect observation of the laser beam radiation in the optical path is not hazardous. Directly
viewing the laser beam along its axis (allowing the laser beam radiation to pass into the eye)
can be hazardous, depending upon the power of the beam, the length of time that the eye is
exposed to the beam and the optical efficiency of the exposed eye. Direct viewing of a laser
beam along its axis is termed intrabeam viewing.
Protection of the eye during accidental, momentary intrabeam viewing of a Class 2 laser
beam is normally given by the eye’s aversion response, including the blink reflex, which limits
exposure of the eye to less than 0.25 seconds.
Class 1 levels of laser radiation are not considered to be hazardous.
Measurements of the infrared radiation emitted from the sample area show that exposure
limits recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
(ACGIH) and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) will
not be exceeded during normal operation.
Warnings and Safety Information . 19
Labels
The product identification label is on the front of the instrument. Other labels are fixed to the
Frontier IR spectrometers in the locations shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2:
NOTE: The label with a crossed-out wheeled bin symbol and a rectangular bar indicates that
the product is covered by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE)
Directive. Refer to Appendix 5: WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products on
page 102.
20 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
NOTE: There is a second copy of the CAUTION label inside the sample compartment cover.
Figure 2 Labels (sample compartment)
Warnings and Safety Information . 21
EMC Compliance
• The optical system enables you to collect data over a total range of 7800 to 350 cm−1
with a best resolution of 0.4 cm−1.
• The optical system enables you to collect data over a total range of 14700 to 1250 cm−1
with a best resolution of 0.4 cm−1.
• The optical system enables you to collect data over a total range of 700 to 30 cm−1 with
a best resolution of 0.4 cm−1.
The instrument is connected to a PC, either point-to-point or over a network. The Spectrum
software package supplied enables you to control the instrument and to manipulate the
spectra that you collect.
Configuration changes
Spectrum software enables you to initiate an automated changeover between, for example,
the MIR and NIR ranges, changing the source, detector, and beamsplitter. You can also
individually select any combination of these elements.
NOTE: If you change between the MIR and FIR ranges, the software will prompt you to
change the sample compartment windows. For information about changing windows,
see Replacing the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR Sample Compartment Windows on page 61.
• When you change the source or detector, or swap between an external and internal
accessory, the infrared beam is redirected using the appropriate rotating mirror.
• Before you change to the MIR MCT detector, fit one of the attenuators supplied
(Attenuator Set – L1160560) to the window to the right of the sample compartment to
prevent the detector from overloading. If you have an open beam we recommend a
14%T attenuator. See Replacing the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR Sample Compartment
Windows on page 61 or Installing/Replacing Beam Port and Sample Compartment
Windows on page 85 for more information.
NOTE: If you have a Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrometer with an MCT detector and the
instrument was in the MIR range when it was switched off, we recommended that a
6%T attenuator is fitted to the sample compartment window before switching on the
instrument again, to prevent errors during the initialization of the FIR detector.
• When you change the detector, allow it to equilibrate before scanning. The MCT
detector (if fitted) will not perform correctly until it has been sufficiently cooled using
liquid nitrogen.
• When you select the alternate beamsplitter, there is a pause while the element is
changed and initialized. The performance of the beamsplitter is temperature sensitive,
so there is also an equilibration period.
Optical system
The optical system is under the main cover of the instrument. Usually the main cover of the
instrument is closed, but to perform most maintenance tasks, the cover has to be open.
When you do this, a safety interlock automatically switches off the power. Nevertheless, the
instrument should be disconnected from the mains before opening the main cover for
maintenance.
The entire optical system is purged and sealed at the factory. A supply of desiccant placed
within the system removes any water vapor and carbon dioxide that may enter. A desiccant
indicator is fitted in the top cover, which warns you when the desiccant needs changing (an
internal humidity sensor is available as an option).
KBr windows (or polyethylene and polyethylene/diamond for the FIR range) separate the
sample compartment from the purged optical system. You can purge the sample
compartment with clean, dry, oil-free air or nitrogen. Either one removes water vapor;
however, nitrogen is preferable because it also removes atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The optics are kinematically mounted to ensure accurate positioning and to make them
rugged. The interferometer is enclosed and mounted on anti-vibration mounts to guard
against air and bench borne disruptions. The interferometer uses very low-friction point
bearings and a frictionless electromagnetic drive to ensure long life.
The instrument’s Go button is used in concert with the displayed prompts and other
messages generated by Spectrum software. It allows you to Scan or Halt data collection
while you are away from your computer.
Display
Go button
Baseplate
The windows in the sample compartment and external beam ports are
composed of KBr (for MIR and NIR configurations) that, although coated,
can be damaged by high levels of humidity.
CAUTION
If you spill a liquid in the sample compartment, wipe it up quickly. When
working with water-based samples open to the air, either purge the
sample compartment or leave the cover open.
A relative humidity higher than 80% can damage the windows of the
CAUTION sample compartment. If you expect the humidity to exceed 80%,
continually purge or desiccate the sample compartment.
Open the sample compartment by lifting the cover using the recess at the front.
The infrared beam enters the sample compartment through an aperture on the left. After
passing through the sample, it enters the detector area through an aperture on the right side
of the sample compartment.
Standard sampling accessories are mounted on a baseplate. The standard baseplate includes
a sample holder located by a knurled screw.
28 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Internal accessories
A wide range of optional MIR and NIR accessories, such as the Universal ATR accessory, fit
in the sample compartment (Figure 6).
It is easy to remove an internal accessory and to replace it with another. See Appendix 1:
Changing the Sample Area Accessory on page 96.
The instrument identifies the type of accessory fitted using a coded connector on its
baseplate that plugs into a socket on the rear wall of the sample compartment.
External accessories
The external beam port on the right side of the instrument is used, for example, with the
optional External Near Infra Red Accessory (External NIRA). Spectrum software enables you
to switch the instrument between this external accessory and another accessory fitted in the
sample compartment.
NOTE: To use your instrument with an external accessory, you require the optional External
Beam Pack. If you did not purchase the External Beam Pack with your spectrometer,
it is available as a field-fitted upgrade (L1280248).
For information about removing or refitting an external accessory, refer to its User’s Guide,
which is distributed on the IR & Raman Manuals CD (L1050002) as a .pdf file.
An Overview of the Frontier IR Dual-Range Spectrometers . 29
For information about moving the instrument, see Moving the Spectrometer on page 59.
NOTE: To use your instrument with a microscope, you require the optional External Beam
Pack. If you did not purchase the External Beam Pack with your spectrometer, it is
available as a field-fitted upgrade (L1280248).
30 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
The Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR instrument has KBr windows fitted in the sample compartment for
the MIR range, but a PE (polyethylene) window and a PE/D (polyethylene/diamond) window
(supplied) should be fitted for the FIR range. For information about changing these windows,
see Replacing the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR Sample Compartment Windows on page 61.
Changing windows allows some CO2 and water vapor from the
surroundings to enter the instrument.
CAUTION
The instrument desiccant packs should remove these contaminants within
30 minutes.
NOTE: For long-term storage of spare windows we recommend that you use a desiccator.
Compartment
desiccant indicator
Spare window
Desiccated
compartment
NOTE: It can take the instrument about two hours to equilibrate when switched on after
being switched off overnight. To save time, we suggest that you leave the instrument
switched on at all times.
An Overview of the Frontier IR Dual-Range Spectrometers . 31
A wide range of optional accessories, such as the Universal ATR accessory (UATR), fit in the
sample compartment. In addition, a number of external accessories are available, including
the External NIRA. An external accessory can be fitted in conjunction with another internal
accessory (Figure 10).
There is a range of specialized sampling accessories available for the Frontier IR instruments,
as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Sampling accessories for the Frontier IR instruments
Further information about the use of these accessories can be found on the IR & Raman
Manuals CD (L1050002).
An Overview of the Frontier IR Dual-Range Spectrometers . 33
The Frontier IR systems are designed to be flexible, upgradable instruments. The upgrades
available for Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems are listed in Table 2.
Table 2 Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems Upgrades
Requirements
NOTE: Read the warnings and safety information at the start of this manual before you
install the instrument. They contain important information.
Electrical requirements
The Frontier IR instruments can operate on electricity supplies of 50 or 60 Hz and in the
100 V to 230 V range without any adjustment.
If possible, do not connect the instrument to circuits that have heavy-duty equipment
connected, such as large motors.
If possible, do not use photocopiers, discharge lamps, radio transmitters, and other
equipment with large or frequent transient loads on the same supply circuit.
The primary fuse (2 AT, 250 V) is in the drawer on the rear of the instrument next to the
mains inlet: the spare fuse is in the same drawer. The primary fuse is connected in the live
line.
Environment
To obtain the best performance from your instrument:
The instrument has been designed for indoor use and operates correctly under the following
conditions:
Ambient temperature 15 °C to 35 °C
Ambient relative humidity 80% maximum (non-condensing).
Unpacking and Installation . 37
1. First remove the manuals/software box, leads, and so on from the box, and check that
all the following parts are present:
Part Description
Number
OR OR
Part Description
Number
OR OR
If any items are missing or damaged, contact your local PerkinElmer office.
2. Carefully remove the instrument from the shipping container, but not from the bag in
which it was shipped.
3. When the spectrometer has been allowed to warm to the temperature of its
surroundings, remove it from the bag and place it on the bench where it is to be used.
Ensure that you can reach the rear of the spectrometer to connect the cables.
Do not open the beamsplitter kit, or attempt to fit the beamsplitters yourself.
CAUTION
The beamsplitters must be fitted by a PerkinElmer Service Engineer.
The top panel of the instrument includes a desiccant indicator, whose sectors change
sequentially from blue to pink as the desiccant becomes exhausted (Figure 11). Change the
desiccant in the instrument when the sector marked 10 becomes pink, but while the sectors
marked 15 and 20 are still blue. These numbers correspond to the approximate % Relative
Humidity in the instrument.
Refer to The Desiccant Indicator in Detail on page 61 for more information about the
appropriate action to take if the sectors marked 15 and 20 are pink.
Pink Blue
Blue
If all three sectors of the desiccant indicator are pink, then you m ust
change the desiccant.
CAUTION
The instrument optics may be fogged. Do not switch the instrument
either ON or OFF until all sectors are blue.
Connecting to the PC
NOTE: To control your instrument from a PC, use the crossover cable supplied.
To control your instrument over your network, use a standard Ethernet cable (not
supplied).
1. Plug one end of the cable into the connector port on the right-hand side of the
instrument (Figure 12).
PC or network
connection port
2. Plug the other end of the cable into the network connection on your PC (if you are using
the crossover cable) or network hub (if you are using a standard Ethernet cable).
Connector details
Other connectors
The communication ports for peripheral devices are shown in Figure 13.
Instrument purge
Legends and icons that identify the function of each of the ports are printed on the hinge
molding directly above the port.
Connector details
1. Fit the molded socket of the power cable into the electrical supply inlet (Figure 14) of
the instrument.
Electricity
supply inlet
After a short diagnostic check, which takes about 2 minutes and is described in Appendix 2:
Instrument Self-Checks on page 98, your instrument will be ready to communicate with the
PC.
44 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Before you can use the instrument it must be set up in the software.
To install Spectrum software, insert the supplied DVD and follow the instructions on the
screen. Details of the installation program are given in the Administrator’s Guide.
If you have Spectrum software or Spectrum ES software, select Add Instrument from
the Administration group on the Setup menu.
The Instrument Install Wizard starts.
OR
If you have AssureID software, select Configure Instruments from the Configure
Instruments and Accessories group on the Tools menu.
The Instrument Install Wizard starts.
Details of the Instrument Install Wizard can be found in the Administrator’s Guide for your
software, which can be found on the IR & Raman Manuals CD supplied with your instrument.
Using the Spectrometer
with Spectrum
46 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
NOTE: It can take the instrument about two hours to equilibrate when switched on after
being switched off overnight. To save time, we suggest that you leave the instrument
switched on at all times.
2. From the Start menu select Programs; the PerkinElmer Applications group; the
Spectrum sub-group and then the Spectrum application.
OR
3. If required, enter your User name and Password, and then click OK.
If you already have an instrument set up in Spectrum or AssureID software for this user
on this PC, the Instrument Connection dialog may be displayed, unless Auto Connect is
set up for the instrument. If Auto Connect is enabled Spectrum will automatically
connect to the instrument.
OR
If you want to work with data that has been collected previously, without connecting to
an instrument, select work offline.
NOTE: Working offline can free a networked instrument for use by another user.
Spectrum starts.
Using the Spectrometer with Spectrum . 47
Scanning samples
When you connect to your spectrometer the instrument settings will default to appropriate
values for your instrument type and accessory.
The configurable Scan toolbars at the top of the workspace include the tools you need to
collect a sample spectrum (Figure 15).
By default, the Measurement bar includes Scan, Halt, Background and Monitor buttons.
You can also select Scanalyze and then choose one of the scan and then process options
Scan and Compare, Scan and Search or Scan and Quant. All these commands can be
selected from the Measurement menu.
NOTE: The Scan toolbars are not displayed if you have chosen to work offline.
To scan a sample:
2. If a background scan is required, the Scan button includes a small background flag.
Clear the instrument beampath, or insert a suitable background material, and then click
3. Place your sample in the instrument or accessory and then click to begin scanning
your sample.
By default, during scanning the sample data is displayed on the Live tab in the Viewing
Area.
The completed spectrum is displayed on the Graph tab, and added to the current
Samples View in the Data Explorer. The results of the Quality Checks, selected by
default on the Setup Instrument Advanced tab, are displayed in the results for the
spectrum. If you have the Auto save option selected on the Setup Instrument Data
Collection tab, your spectrum will be saved automatically.
48 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
4. If, for any reason, you want to stop scanning your sample, click .
You can use the Sample Shuttle Accessory (L1200302) to set up an interleaved cycle scan so
that you do not have to open the sample compartment between the background and sample
scans. This helps to reduce changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide and water vapor
in the sample compartment. Set the Scan Type to Interleaved on the Setup Instrument
Basic tab. See the Spectrum on-screen Help for more information.
NOTE: Depending on the beamsplitters and detectors fitted, the instrument may require
some time to equilibrate after changing ranges.
NOTE: The Mode option is also available in the Instrument Settings toolbar.
3. Select the range you wish to change to from the drop-down list.
The options are MIR, NIR or Custom for the Frontier FT-IR/FT-NIR spectrometer, or
MIR, FIR or Custom for the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrometer.
If you select MIR, NIR or FIR, the Source, Beamsplitter, Detector, Window and
Optimum Scan Range fields will be updated. If you select Custom, the Source,
Beamsplitter and Detector options can be selected independently. The Optimum Scan
Range and Window fields will update for the combination you have selected.
NOTE: Some combinations may damage the instrument, and will not be allowed.
Display
Go button
The display on the front right of the top of your instrument is used to display prompts and
other messages generated by Spectrum software.
Simply follow the prompts in the instrument display and use the Go button located on the
instrument to complete a series of sample scans.
The accessory fitted in the sample compartment is identified by a graphic element in the
beampath schematic. If an external accessory is fitted at the beam port on the right of the
instrument, or a Spotlight Imaging System is fitted, the Setup Instrument Beampath tab
includes additional elements that enable you to redirect the beampath to the accessory you
want to use.
In Figure 17 the beampath is directed to the standard sample slide. In this example, the
additional interface elements for the External NIRA (including its filter wheel), and the
Spotlight Imager, are also shown.
Figure 17 Setup Instrument BeamPath tab with the beampath directed to the
Slide Holder
50 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
To direct the beam to the External NIRA, select Right external from the Beam
Location drop-down list.
Figure 18 Setup Instrument BeamPath tab with the beampath directed to the
External NIRA (circled)
To open the Help file, select Contents from the Help menu. This menu also includes links to
on-screen tutorials (Tutorials), and information about the software (About).
Using the Spectrometer with Spectrum . 51
Atmospheric suppression can be selected in the Setup Instrument Advanced tab (Figure 19).
−1
Figure 20 Correction of an MIR spectrum at 4 cm resolution
52 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
AVI Correction
AVI correction can be selected in the Setup Instrument Advanced tab in Spectrum
(Figure 19).
AVI correction can only be performed if an AVI Calibration has been set up for the current
configuration and resolution. Select AVI from the Adjustments Toolbox, available from the
Setup Instrument Advanced Tab. Follow the instructions on-screen. For further information,
refer to the Spectrum on-screen Help file.
NOTE: AVI correction uses a methane gas cell installed in the filter wheel.
Although FT-IR spectrometers use a reference laser, the wavenumber calibration and
lineshape are affected by differences in beam divergence and uniformity. This is true for all
FT-IR spectrometers. Differences can occur between instruments, when using different
sampling accessories and when components are changed. AVI allows calibration and
lineshape to be maintained.
The Absolute Virtual Instrument is an instrument with theoretical performance, such that the
result of measuring a known sample on such an instrument can be predicted. So, if we
measure with a real instrument and calculate the software transform to match the theoretical
result, we can apply this transform to future measurements.
−1
Figure 22 Spectra of methane at 4 cm resolution as measured (top) and with
AVI (bottom)
Using the Spectrometer with Spectrum . 55
Look Ahead
Look Ahead can be selected in the Setup Instrument Advanced tab (Figure 19).
This information is used to identify the scans that are being collected, and to accumulate
sample scans. This can decrease the overall scanning time required for those samples that
require scan accumulation.
Quality Checks
Quality Checks can be selected in the Setup Instrument Advanced tab (Figure 19).
When you collect your spectrum, the selected tests are performed as the data is collected
and a signal light (green , amber , or red ) indicates the result.
Caution ( ) – the software has identified a problem that you may want to investigate in
order to improve the quality of the spectra you are collecting.
Warning ( ) – the software has identified a serious problem that you should attempt to
cure before collecting further spectra.
Routine Maintenance
58 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Clean the outside of the instrument using a damp cloth. If necessary, a mild detergent may
be used. Before you clean the entire instrument, always perform a patch test on an
inconspicuous area.
Avoid spilling liquid into the instrument. Clean all external spills immediately. If anything that
is spilled enters the main body of the spectrometer, switch off the power and contact a
PerkinElmer Service Engineer.
Before moving the spectrometer, switch off the power supply, wait
60 seconds, and disconnect the power cable.
WARNING
The spectrometer can be lifted using the shaped handholds on its sides, as shown in
Figure 23. Two people are needed to lift it because its basic weight is approximately 36 kg.
Lifting handhold,
(repeated on left of
the instrument)
Condensation
Be aware that condensation caused by moving your spectrometer from a cooler environment
to a warmer one can damage the windows of the sample compartment. To prevent this
damage from occurring:
• Make sure that the windows are protected by placing fresh bags of desiccant in the
sample compartment.
• Leave the spectrometer to reach the temperature of the surroundings before removing
the desiccant.
Usually, there is no need for adjustment. However, if the temperature range in your
laboratory changes, or if you move the instrument to another location, it may be necessary
to set a different temperature range to ensure optimal performance.
4. Select the setting most appropriate for the range of temperature in your laboratory, and
then click Apply.
The Disabled setting is not recommended.
The temperature range setting is stored in the instrument, and the utility closes.
NOTE: This setting applies until the Set Temperature Utility is used again. It is not reset
when the instrument power is recycled (that is, switched OFF and then ON).
Routine Maintenance . 61
NOTE: You can also change the sample compartment windows in the Frontier FT-IR/FT-NIR
spectrometer. For more information, see Installing/Replacing Beam Port and Sample
Compartment Windows on page 85.
The sample compartment windows in the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrometer need to be
changed when moving between the MIR and FIR ranges.
KBr windows are used in the MIR range. In the FIR range, the PE window is installed in the
left side of the sample compartment and the PE/D window is installed in the right side of the
sample compartment.
2. Using the 3 mm screwdriver (part number L9003317) supplied with the Quick Change
Window Kit (part number L1250432), slacken the three screws securing the current
window to the side of the sample compartment.
4. Ensure the seal is fitted to the replacement window and is correctly seated (Figure 24).
Window
Seal
6. Secure the window to the sample compartment wall by tightening the screws using the
3 mm screwdriver (Figure 25).
Screw Screw
2. Place each window in the holder, with the seal in place, and tighten the screw using the
screwdriver provided.
Before you change to the MIR MCT detector in Spectrum software, fit one of the attenuators
supplied to the window to the right of the sample compartment to prevent the detector from
overloading (Figure 27). If you have an open beam, a 14%T attenuator is recommended.
NOTE: If you have a Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrometer with an MCT detector and the
instrument was in the MIR range when it was switched off, it is recommended that a
6%T attenuator is fitted to the sample compartment window before switching on the
instrument again, to prevent errors during the initialization of the FIR detector.
64 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
The top panel of the instrument includes a desiccant indicator (Figure 28), whose sectors
change sequentially from blue to pink as the desiccant becomes exhausted. Change the
desiccant packs in the instrument when the sector marked 10 becomes pink, but while the
sectors marked 15 and 20 are still blue. These numbers correspond to the approximate
% Relative Humidity in the instrument.
Pink Blue
Blue
If all three sectors of the desiccant indicator are pink, then you m ust
change the desiccant.
CAUTION
The instrument optics may be fogged. Do not switch the instrument
either ON or OFF until all sectors are blue.
The desiccant change interval is set in the Desiccant change due in (days) option on the
Setup Instrument BeamPath tab in Spectrum software (Figure 29).
If an instrument desiccant change is overdue, a warning will be displayed in the Status Bar
and in the Setup Instrument BeamPath table.
The warning is displayed until you tell the software that the desiccant has been changed. To
reset the desiccant change interval, select the current value, click Changed to clear any
warning messages, and then enter the number of days before the next desiccant change is
due.
66 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Old, used desiccant releases moisture and can cause catastrophic failure
CAUTION of KBr optics.
Do not use damaged packs of desiccant. Make sure that the packs you
use have not been left in contact with the air.
You can purchase disposable desiccant kits from PerkinElmer (part number N0171159). A kit
contains two packs of desiccant, and three kits are required.
1. Inspect the humidity indicator card in the plastic bags in which the spare desiccant
packs are packed. If the card indicates humidity in the bag, discard the desiccant pack.
2. Remove the sample area cover, if fitted, by opening the cover, pressing the clip and
pulling the cover vertically to remove it (Figure 30).
Sample cover
release clip
3. Undo the two captive screws securing the desiccant cover (Figure 31).
Screw Screw
4. Open the cover and remove all the exhausted desiccant packs (Figure 32), noting how
they are installed.
Desiccant
compartment
(empty)
5. Place the first three packs of desiccant upright in the recess on the right of the
desiccant holder then, one at a time, lay the three remaining packs flat in the upper
part of the holder (Figure 33).
Ensure that when the packs have been installed they do not rise above the level of the
black rubber purge seal.
To install rechargeable desiccant packs follow the procedure in Renewing the instrument
desiccant, starting on page 65.
The instrument requires two rechargeable desiccant packs; the packs are sized to fit into the
left (70 mm × 78 mm × 33 mm) or right (102 mm × 78 mm × 84 mm) of the desiccant
container.
The standard kit contains two pairs of rechargeable desiccant packs. This is so you can
immediately replace the desiccant in the instrument with re-activated packs.
The desiccant packs can be re-activated by baking them in an oven at 250 °C for
approximately 8 hours. They should be cooled in a dry atmosphere. For optimum results,
re-activate the packs immediately before re-use.
68 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
The desiccated compartment contains two disposable desiccant packs. You can purchase
disposable desiccant kits from PerkinElmer (part number N0171159). A kit contains two
packs of desiccant, and one kit is required.
1. Inspect the humidity indicator card in the plastic bags in which the spare desiccant
packs are packed. If the card is pink (indicating humidity in the bag) discard the
desiccant packs.
2. Open the desiccated compartment, and then remove the two thumb screws securing
the desiccant pack cover (Figure 34).
3. Lift off the desiccant pack cover and remove the desiccant packs noting how they were
installed.
4. Install two new disposable desiccant packs, or the rechargeable desiccant pack, and
then refit the desiccant pack cover.
To install rechargeable desiccant packs refer to the procedure for Installing disposable
desiccant in the window compartment on page 68.
The desiccated compartment requires a single rechargeable desiccant pack that is sized to fit
the desiccant container.
The rechargeable desiccant kit contains two rechargeable desiccant packs. This is so you can
immediately replace the desiccant in the instrument with a re-activated pack.
Re-activate a desiccant pack by baking it in an oven at 250 °C for approximately eight hours.
It should be cooled in a dry atmosphere. For optimum results, re-activate the pack
immediately before re-use.
70 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Under most circumstances, you do not need to purge the optical system. However, after
performing any maintenance tasks that involved opening the main cover, you may purge the
optical system to remove water vapor and CO2 that entered while the system was open.
Purge the sample compartment if you need to make sure that no residual water vapor or CO2
peaks are visible in the spectrum, particularly when operating in the FIR range.
There are two separate sets of connectors for purge gas lines, one for the sample
compartment and one for the optical system. You can purge with either dry air or nitrogen.
Both remove water vapor; however, nitrogen is preferable because it also removes
atmospheric carbon dioxide.
A typical cylinder of dry nitrogen (or dry air) stores 6.26 m3 at 1.4 × 104 kPa (220 ft3 at
2200 lbf/in2). Make sure that the gas is free of oil, water, or dirt particles larger than 25 µm
(0.001 inch).
Never connect the purge tubing directly to a gas cylinder or other high
pressure supply; always use a pressure regulator and set the pressure to
a maximum of 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in2) before you start the flow.
WARNING
A length of clear plastic tubing (4 mm internal diameter) will be required to transfer the gas
from the gas bottle to the instrument purge connectors.
Routine Maintenance . 71
1. The tubing is connected to the instrument by a universal pipe fitting which is secured to
the tubing with a nut. Two sets of fittings are supplied with the instrument. Assemble
the fittings to the tubing as illustrated in Figure 35.
Knurled nut
Beveled end
of connector Tubing
3. Push the connector on the end of the tubing into the purge connector of the
compartment to be purged (Figure 36).
If the connector will not push in, press the clip at the bottom of the port and try again.
Sample purge
Instrument purge
NOTE: Ensure the regulator is set to a pressure not greater than 6.9 kPa (1 lbf/in2).
5. Open the gas flow valve on the regulator until a flow rate of 28 l/minute (1 ft3/minute)
is achieved.
The instrument compartment is purged in 10 minutes. The sample compartment is
purged in 2 minutes.
7. Disconnect the fitting from the instrument by pushing the clip located at the bottom of
the purging port (Figure 37).
Locking clip
Very occasionally, a fuse may fail with age and will need to be changed.
NOTE: If fuses fail repeatedly, there is an electrical fault: disconnect the power supply and
contact your PerkinElmer Service Engineer.
There is one spare fuse in the fuse drawer. If you need more, order 2 A, 250 V Time Lag
fuses (part number 04970839) from PerkinElmer. You must only replace the fuse with one of
this type and rating. Do not use makeshift fuses and do not short-circuit fuse holders.
Before you begin this procedure, switch off the power to the
spectrometer, wait for 60 seconds, and disconnect the power cable.
The external fuse drawer is located at the rear of the instrument between the power switch
and the power socket (Figure 38).
Fuse drawer
1. Lever out the fuse drawer so that it swings down over the power socket.
The fuse is in the right hand slot.
Fuse
Spare fuse
Fuse drawer
The extremely low temperature of liquid nitrogen can burn skin and
eyes. Avoid exposure by wearing protective gloves and safety goggles
whenever you work with it.
WARNING
Be sure to wait the specified time when filling the funnel and before
replacing the plug. This enables the bubbling nitrogen to settle down
and the pressure to dissipate. In addition to wearing safety goggles at all
times, stand back from the instrument after each time you fill the funnel.
WARNING
76 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
3. Ensure that the funnel guide, which helps prevent overspill entering the instrument
body rather than the dewar, is in place.
Stand where you can see the inside of the funnel as you pour the
CAUTION nitrogen in. Pour slowly, so that neither the funnel nor the dewar
overflows. Take care not to overfill the funnel and splash liquid nitrogen
onto the instrument covers.
5. Insert the plastic funnel into the funnel guide and slowly fill the detector dewar with
liquid nitrogen.
NOTE: Make sure that the detector dewar is filled to the top with liquid nitrogen before
selecting the detector. Prevent radiation from reaching the detector by obstructing
the beam path in the sample area during filling.
7. Continue to pour liquid nitrogen into the funnel, adding a little more each time the
funnel empties.
The funnel takes longer to empty as the dewar fills. This happens after two or three
more funnels of liquid nitrogen. Because the dewar has now cooled, the liquid nitrogen
does not vaporize, but instead fills the dewar.
NOTE: Cooled detector dewars require pumping down after approximately 12 months
operation. When the boil-off rate of liquid nitrogen becomes excessive (that is, the
liquid nitrogen level is low after 3–4 hours of operation), consult your PerkinElmer
Service Engineer.
78 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Advanced Maintenance
80 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
To perform most maintenance tasks, you have to open the main cover of the spectrometer.
Switch off the mains power supply to the spectrometer, wait 60 seconds
and disconnect the power cable before you open the cover of the
spectrometer. This makes sure that you are safe from electrical shock
and laser radiation.
WARNING
Do not open the main cover if the humidity is >80% relative humidity for
an instrument fitted with KBr optics.
CAUTION
The humidity sensitive optics will be damaged if subjected to a relative
humidity in excess of the specified level.
The main cover is hinged at the back of the instrument and opens from the front. Figure 41
identifies the locking bolts, which are on the front of the instrument.
4. Remove the sample compartment cover, if fitted; open the cover, press on the cover
retaining clip and then pull the cover vertically to remove it (Figure 42).
Sample cover
release clip
5. Remove the fitted sampling accessory, by pulling the release handle towards you and
sliding the accessory towards you (Figure 43).
Sampling accessory
release handle
6. Undo the two locking bolts on the front of the instrument using the hexagonal wrench
supplied; insert the wrench, so that the free end is pointing horizontally away from the
instrument and then rotate the wrench 180° in the direction indicated by the arrows in
Figure 44.
MIR source Laser power supply MIR source Laser power supply
NIR
detector
NIR
detector
Beamsplitters; within MIR Beamsplitters; within MIR
interferometer and detector interferometer and detector
carrier carrier
NOTE: The Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrometer has one source only, in the MIR source
position. The FIR detector is in the NIR detector position.
NOTE: If you have an MCT detector fitted for the MIR range, the MCT detector is fitted
toward the rear of the instrument and the NIR/FIR detector is fitted at the front of
the instrument.
11. Lock the two locking bolts by inserting the wrench into each bolt in turn and rotating it
opposite to the direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 44.
12. If required, reinstall the sampling accessory by sliding it on the ledge and pushing it into
the sample compartment until it engages with the connector.
13. If required, refit the sample cover by inserting the hinge into the grooves and pushing
the cover downwards until the clip engages.
14. Reconnect the power cable and switch the power back on.
15. If required change the desiccant (see Changing the Desiccant on page 65), and/or
purge the instrument (see Purging the Spectrometer on page 70).
If the cover is left open for more than 1 hour, the desiccant should be replaced.
Advanced Maintenance . 83
Replacing a Source
Switch off the mains power supply to the spectrometer, wait 60 seconds
and disconnect the power cable before you open the cover of the
spectrometer. This makes sure that you are safe from electrical shock
and laser radiation.
WARNING
Due to its high operating temperature allow sufficient time for the source
to cool before attempting to remove it.
WARNING
1. Open the main cover of the instrument as detailed on page 80 and identify the source
(Figure 46).
NOTE: The Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrometer has one source only. It is located in the MIR
source position.
The source housing and source itself will be hot if recently switched on.
Allow to cool before performing the following procedure.
84 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
The source element is brittle and can be broken if not handled properly.
Be careful when removing and installing the source.
CAUTION
Do not touch the glass bulb as this will degrade the performance of the
bulb and shorten its life.
2. Slacken the two terminal screws (Figure 47 or Figure 48) securing the wires leading to
the source. Disconnect the wires from the connectors.
For the Frontier FT-IR/FT-NIR spectrometer, the connecting wires for the MIR source
are white, and for the NIR source are red.
For the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrometer, the connecting wires for the source are white.
3. By grasping the round metal source body, NOT the wires, remove the source from its
housing by pulling, noting its installed position.
4. Install the new source in its housing, by pushing in until it clicks into place.
5. Reconnect the two wires to the terminals and secure by tightening the two terminal
screws (Figure 47 or Figure 48).
Figure 47 Source terminal screws (from instrument left) for Frontier FT-IR/FT-NIR
Source
Source terminal
Source terminal
Figure 48 Source terminal screws (from instrument left) for Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR
7. Allow the source temperature to equilibrate for approximately 2 hours before using the
instrument.
Advanced Maintenance . 85
NOTE: For information about changing the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR sample compartment
windows, see Replacing the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR Sample Compartment Windows on
page 61.
Switch off the mains power supply to the spectrometer, wait 60 seconds,
and disconnect the power cable before you open the cover of the
spectrometer. This makes sure that you are safe from electrical shock
WARNING
and laser radiation.
2. Ensure the seal is fitted to the window and is correctly seated (Figure 49).
Window
Seal
3. Fit the window to the main cover from the outside in.
Ensure the seal is fully seated and the key on the window lines up with the notch in the
main cover.
Main cover
4. Secure the window to the main cover by fitting the screws and washers and tightening
the screws using the hexagonal wrench (Figure 50).
If you have an MCT detector for the MIR range, you will be supplied with an Attenuator kit
(part number L1160560) containing 1%T, 4%T, 6%T, 14%T and 32%T attenuators. The
attenuators attach to the window magnetically. You will require the ferritic window surround
(part number C1201453) to attach the attenuators to the new windows.
Before you change to the MIR MCT detector in Spectrum software, fit one of the attenuators
supplied to the window to the right of the sample compartment to prevent the detector from
overloading. If you have an open beam, we recommend a 14%T attenuator.
Advanced Maintenance . 87
Switch off the mains power supply to the spectrometer, wait 60 seconds,
and disconnect the power cable before you open the cover of the
spectrometer. This makes sure that you are safe from electrical shock
and laser radiation.
WARNING
1. Set the Filter Wheel to Position 1 on the Setup Instrument BeamPath tab in Spectrum
software.
Position 1 will be labelled as None 15000 – 0 cm-1 and be the first option in the
drop-down list.
2. Open the main cover of the instrument as detailed on page 80 and identify the filter
wheel (Figure 51).
3. Install the standard sample holder baseplate, but remove the sample holder itself by
unscrewing the knurled screw (Figure 52).
Knurled screw
4. To remove the filter wheel, loosen the set screw that secures it to its shaft using a
1.5 mm Allen key (Figure 53) and then gently ease the filter wheel off the shaft,
rotating the filter wheel as required to clear the filter wheel from the other instrument
components.
Take care not to remove the spacer ring from the spindle, as this may be lost.
NOTE: If the set screw is not accessible, you may not have moved the filter wheel to
Position 1 as described in Step 1.
Screw
6. Working clockwise around the filter wheel, identify the next available filter position
(Figure 54).
Position 5 and Position 7 are available for your custom filters.
There is no filter in Position 6 in the Frontier FT-IR/FT-FIR spectrometer.
NOTE: Do not change the positions of the standard filters, or place a filter in Position 1.
Position 5:
Position 4:
for custom filter
Methane cell
Position 3: Position 6:
NG11 glass NIR polystyrene
Position 2: Position 7:
MIR polystyrene for custom filter
Opto flag
Position 1: None
Do not place filter here
7. Release the filter holder by turning it about 30 degrees counter-clockwise, and then
remove the filter holder and foam spacer.
8. Place the filter in the hole, place the foam spacer on top of it, and then fit the filter
holder.
Figure 55 illustrates the assembly sequence.
Align the notches of the holder with the indents in the filter wheel. You must twist the
holder clockwise to lock it to the filter wheel.
Filter
Foam spacer
Filter holder
When fitted correctly, the small hole in the filter holder is close to the outer edge of the
filter wheel.
90 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
9. Refit the filter wheel to its spindle and secure it with the set screw.
Make sure that you tighten the set screw onto the flat of the shaft.
CAUTION
If the set screw is tightened onto a round portion of the shaft the filter
wheel may loosen.
10. Refit the sample holder onto the baseplate with the knurled screw.
12. Select the filter you would like to use in the beam path from the Filter Wheel
drop-down list on the Setup Instrument BeamPath tab in Spectrum software.
NOTE: If you wish to run a background scan with a filter in place, you must set the Scan
Type to Background on the Setup Instrument Basic tab, rather than using the
Background toolbar button . See the Spectrum on-screen Help for more
information.
Advanced Maintenance . 91
Switch off the main power supply to the spectrometer, wait 60 seconds
and disconnect the power cable before you open the cover of the
spectrometer. This makes sure that you are safe from electrical shock
and laser radiation.
WARNING
Do not attempt to separate the Laser from the power supply. The Laser
retains an electrical charge even when the main power is switched off.
WARNING
1. Open the main cover of the instrument as detailed on page 80 and identify the laser
and the laser power supply.
2. Snip, and remove, the cable tie surrounding the power supply, noting how it secures the
laser cables (Figure 57).
The laser power supply fixings are accessible from the left of the instrument.
92 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
Screw
Cable tie
Screw
4. Unscrew and remove the cable clip that secures the thin black and red PSU laser cable
at the rear of the instrument, underneath the laser assembly (Figure 58).
Connector
Cable clip
Figure 58 Laser board connector and cable clip (from top of instrument)
5. Disconnect the black and red PSU laser cable from the board.
WARNING
Advanced Maintenance . 93
6. Unhook the spring at the rear of the laser, and remove the two screws on the retaining
bracket at the front of the laser (Figure 59).
Laser spring
retaining pin
Laser
Laser power supply
Laser bracket
retaining screw Baffle retaining
screw
Laser bracket
Laser end stop retaining screw
7. Remove the laser and power supply; noting the way the cabling is routed.
9. Refit the laser retaining bracket and secure with the two securing screws.
12. Secure the laser power supply with the two securing screws (Figure 57).
13. Refit the cable clip (Figure 58), so that it does not get trapped in the cover.
14. Secure the laser cabling to the laser power supply with a new cable tie.
1. Remove the sample area cover if fitted by opening the cover, pressing the clip and
pulling the cover vertically to remove (Figure 60).
Sample
cover
release clip
2. Remove the current sampling accessory by pulling the release handle (under the
baseplate of the accessory) towards you and then sliding the accessory towards you
(Figure 61).
Release
handle
3. Install the new accessory (Figure 62) by sliding it onto the ledge and pushing it into the
sample compartment until it engages with the connector.
Figure 63 Setup Instrument BeamPath tab with Universal ATR icon (circled)
98 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
NOTE: It can take the instrument about two hours to equilibrate when switched on after
being switched off overnight. To save time, we suggest that you leave the
spectrometer switched on at all times.
• When you switch on the instrument, the instrument display provides this sequence of
messages:
>Initializing
Initializing
Checking Program Integrity
Checking Instrument Configuration
Checking Source
Checking Laser
Checking Scan
Checking Calibration
Initialization Complete.
• When initialization is complete the last message fades, leaving the instrument identity
message:
PerkinElmer Frontier FT-IR
• When collecting data, the instrument display provides prompts generated by the
PerkinElmer software.
Appendices . 99
Initialization errors
If your instrument generates one of the following error messages, switch off the instrument,
then switch the instrument on again. Consult your PerkinElmer service representative if the
problem persists.
Instrument Configuration Failed Suggests that one or more internal devices is failing. If
the problem persists, note any associated error
messages and consult your PerkinElmer service
representative.
Calibration Failed Too little energy may be reaching the detector. Make
sure the sample compartment is clear.
100 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
The Frontier FT-IR/FT-NIR spectrometer is supplied with NIR Performance Validation Kit
(part number L1250405), which contains a polystyrene reference sample.
To validate the MIR performance of your instrument, use the optional MIR Performance
Validation Kit (part number L1250404). This kit contains an MIR polystyrene reference
sample and an NG11 Schott Glass reference sample.
Macros are supplied with Spectrum software (version 10 or later) that can be used with the
Performance Validation kits to produce a report certifying your instrument.
NOTE: Instrument Performance Validation is not applicable for the FIR range.
Appendices . 101
Decontamination
Alternatively, if you do not have access to the internet contact Customer Care:
If you are located outside of these regions, please call your local PerkinElmer sales office for
more information.
Exterior surfaces may be cleaned with a soft cloth, dampened with a mild detergent and
water solution. Do not use abrasive cleaners or solvents.
102 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide
or
A label with a crossed-out wheeled bin symbol and a rectangular bar indicates that the
product is covered by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive and is
not to be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste. Any products marked with this symbol
must be collected separately, and in accordance with the regulatory guidelines in your area.
The objectives of this program are to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the
environment, protect human health, and utilize natural resources prudently and rationally.
Specific treatment of WEEE is indispensable in order to avoid the dispersion of pollutants into
the recycled material or waste stream. Such treatment is the most effective means of
protecting the customer’s environment.
The requirements for waste collection, reuse, recycling, and recovery programs are set by
the regulatory authority at your location. Contact your local responsible person (such as your
laboratory manager) or authorized representative for information regarding applicable
disposal regulations.
See the PerkinElmer web address below for information specific to PerkinElmer products, and
contact details for the Customer care department in your region.
http://las.perkinelmer.com/OneSource/Environmental-directives.htm
Products from other manufacturers may also form a part of your PerkinElmer system. These
other manufacturers are directly responsible for the collection and processing of their own
waste products under the terms of the WEEE Directive. Please contact these manufacturers
directly before discarding any of their products.
Consult the PerkinElmer web site (above) for manufacturer’s names and web addresses.
Index . 103
Index
A E
About this manual .......................... 6 Electrical supply inlet .................... 43
Accessories .................................. 31 EMC
External ................................... 28 Compliance ............................... 22
Internal .................................... 28 EC Directive .............................. 22
Accessory FCC rules .................................. 22
Changing ............................ 28, 96 External accessories ...................... 28
Release handle.......................... 96
Attenuators ................. 25, 38, 63, 86 F
FCC rules and regulations .............. 22
C
Filter wheel
Capacitors.................................... 16 Filter ........................................ 89
Changing configuration ................. 25 Filter holder .............................. 89
Cleaning ...................................... 58 Foam spacer ............................. 89
Display ..................................... 58 Installing filters ......................... 87
External ................................... 58 Location ................................... 87
Cleaning the instrument .............. 101 Retaining screws ....................... 88
Communications ports ............. 30, 41 Flammable solvents and samples.... 15
Condensation ............................... 60 Fuse
Configuration ............................... 25 Changing .................................. 73
Connecting the PC ........................ 40 Drawer ..................................... 73
Connecting to electrical supply ....... 42
Conventions G
Notes, Cautions and Warnings ...... 7
Text ........................................... 7 Go button .................................... 26
Cooling ........................................ 14 Guided tour ................................. 24
D H
L R
Labels Requirements ............................... 36
Sample area ............................. 20 Electrical .................................. 36
Warning signs ........................... 21 Environment ............................. 36
Laser
Regulations ............................... 17 S
Replacing ................................. 91
Retaining bracket ...................... 93 Safety
Retaining pin............................. 93 Electrical .................................. 16
Securing screws ........................ 93 General .................................... 13
Laser and power supply Laser ....................................... 17
Laser radiation hazard................ 18
Cabling ..................................... 93
Installation ............................... 93 Summary .................................. 12
Laser power supply Use of flammable solvents and
Location ................................... 91 samples ................................ 15
Replacing ................................. 91 Use of nitrogen ......................... 14
Laser safety regulations ................. 17 Safety interlock ............................ 25
Lifting points ................................ 59 Sample area cover
Release clip .............................. 96
Locking bolts
Undoing ................................... 81 Removing ................................. 96
Sample compartment .................... 27
Sampling accessories
M
Diffuse Reflectance .................... 31
Main cover External NIRA ........................... 31
Locking bolts............................. 80 GPOB and LiTaO3 Detector .......... 32
Opening ................................... 80 GPOB and MCT Detector ............. 32
Mains supply HATR ....................................... 31
Fluctuations .............................. 13 Liquid Sipper ............................. 31
MCT detector NIR Fiber Optic Probe ................ 31
Cooling..................................... 75 NIR Tablet Autosampler ............. 31
Liquid nitrogen .......................... 75 NIRA ........................................ 31
WARNING ................................. 75 Sample Shuttle .......................... 31
Moving ........................................ 59 TL 8000 EGA System ................. 31
Universal ATR ........................... 31
N Sampling accessory
Changing ............................ 28, 96
Nitrogen ...................................... 14 Installing new ........................... 97
Removing ................................. 96
O Set Temperature utility .................. 60
Optical system.............................. 25 Shipping container
Stability .................................... 26 Opening ................................... 37
Software
P Installation ............................... 44
Software control
PC connection port........................ 40 Basics ...................................... 46
Performance validation ................ 100 Source
Power switch ................................ 30 High operating temperature ........ 83
Purge fittings ............................... 71 Replacing ........................... 83, 99
Purge ports .................................. 71
Purging ................................. 70, 82
Connectors ............................... 70
Gas regulator pressure ............... 71
Purge gas lines.......................... 70
Index . 105
W
T
WEEE Directive........................... 102
Temperature ................................ 13 Windows ..................................... 30
Top panel .................................... 26 Installing/Replacing ...25, 30, 61, 85
Main cover .......................... 62, 86
U Seal ................................... 61, 85
Windows Start menu ..................... 46
Unpacking ................................... 37
106 . Frontier IR Dual-Range Systems User's Guide