HAND TOOLS

HANDSAW

The handsaw consists of a thin flat blade with teeth and wooden or plastic handle, called th
e heel, fastened to the end of the blade by screws. There are two categories of handsaws: the
ripsaw (1) and the crosscut (2). The ripsaw is designed to cut with the grain of wood, and the crosscut
saw is designed to cut against the grain. The handsaw is used in carpentry, rough-out work, and for
“finish” hand sawing. Sizes of handsaws vary depending on design and nature of the task

HACKSAW

The hacksaw is designed to cut almost any size or

shape of metal object. The hacksaw uses two types of
blades, hard and flexible. The type of blade used
depends on the nature of the task.
The blade is held to the saw frame by pins that fit into
small holes at each end of the blade. Blade tension is
adjusted by a screw and wingnut assembly at either the
nose or the handle end of the frame.
The hacksaw comes in various designs, depending on
the purpose.

SLIP-JOINT PLIERS
The slip-joint combination pliers have serrated (grooved) jaws,
with a rod-gripping section, a cutting-edge, and a pivot. The
serrated jaws and rod-gripping section are used to hold
objects. The cutting edge permits the cutting of soft wire and
nails. However, cutting hard materials or large gage wire will
spring the jaws, making the pliers useless. The pivot is used to
adjust the jaw opening to handle large or small objects
DIAGONAL CUTTING PLIERS
The diagonal cutting pliers have a fixed pivot. The jaws are offset
by about 15 degrees and are shaped to give enough knuckle
clearance while making flush cuts. The diagonal cutting pliers are
used for cutting small, light materials such as wire, cotter pins, and
similar materials. These pliers are not to be used to hold or grip
objects.

LINEMAN’S SIDE CUTTING PLIERS

The lineman’s side cutting pliers have serrated jaws, arod-
gripping section, side cutters, wire cropper, a fixed pivot, and
parallel handles. The flat serrated jaws are used to bend sheet
metal and twist electrical wire. The rod-gripping
section is used to hold rods and bend small rods. The side
cutters are located just above the pivot

CARPENTER’S HAMMER
The carpenter’s hammer is used for driving and
pulling nails and tapping wood chisels. There are two
types of claws,

CAUTION: Never use a claw hammer on a steel punch or on

hardened steel-cut or masonry nails. The face is too soft and
could chip. Be sure to check for a loose head or a cracked
handle before use.
And there are two types of striking faces.

N O T E: When using a flat-faced hammer to drive anal, the nail head must be square with the face of
the hammer at time of impact. The bell-faced hammer offers a uniform face to the nail head even
though the hammer face is slightly tipped at time of impact.
Hammers come in 7, 13, 16 and 20 ounce sizes. Your selection should be based upon the following:
flat face for rough work, or bell face for finishing work where you don’t want dents in the finish. The
straight claw is generally used for ripping and framing. The curved claw is preferred for general use.
MACHINIST’S PEEN HAMMER
All machinists peen hammers have a flat striking face on one
end of the head for striking punches and chisels. The other
end of the head can be one of the following: following:
1. A ball peen hammer is used for forming soft metal,
peening rivet heads, and striking metal in out-of-
the-way places.

2. A cross peen hammer is used as a chisel for removing

rivet heads and for stretching or bending metal.

3. A straight peen hammer is used like the cross peen but

differs from the cross peen since its peening edge is
turned ninety degrees. This keeps the handle parallel
to the struck surface.

WELDER’S HAMMER
The welder’s hammer has one or two tapered chisel faces. Those
having only one tapered face have replaceable brush attached.
The hammer face is used for chipping welds, while the brush is
used for cleaning welds and brushing away the slag chipped from
the weld.

COMMON SCREWDRIVERS
The common screwdriver has a round steel blade with wood or plastic handle, usually fluted for a
good grip. Integral blade screwdrivers are used for heavy-duty work.

Some common screwdrivers have a screw-holding feature. These are used for working in close
quarters, overhead, and hard to reach places. The two most common types are the clip (1) and
sliding collar (2). After the screw has been firmly started, switch to a conventional screwdriver to
complete the job.
NOTE: Do not use sliding-cover, split-type screwdrivers for final tightening of screws.

Close quarter or stubby common screwdrivers are used for working in close
quarters where conventional screw-drivers will not fit.

Common cabinet screwdrivers have a thin, round blade and are

used to reach and drive or remove screws in deep, counter
bored holes.

Other common heavy-duty screwdrivers have square

blades so a wrench can be used to turn them.
RATCHET SCREWDRIVERS
Ratchet screwdrivers are used to drive or remove small screws
rapidly. The spiral ratchet screwdriver automatically drives or
removes screws. It can be adjusted to turn left, right, or locked
to act as a common screwdriver. Some spiral ratchets have a
spring in the handle which automatically returns the handle for
the next stroke. Another style of ratchet screwdriver has a
knurled collar for rotating the blade with your fingers. The spiral
type has separate blades (1) that are inserted in the chuck (2).
The common ratchet screwdriver has one integral blade (3).

OPEN-END WRENCHES
A wrench is a tool specially designed to tighten or loosen
nuts, bolts, studs, and pipes. Wrenches are forged from
steel alloy to prevent breakage. There are many different
types of wrenches. Each type has its own use. By
using the proper
wrench for the task to be done, you will
not break the wrench, damage the equipment, or cause personal injury. The following section is
intended to give you information on the different wrench types.
All open-end wrenches have open jaws on one or both ends of the wrench. Most jaw openings are
offset from the shank portion of the wrench by 15 degrees. The wrench length is determined by the
size of the jaw opening. Some of the more common types of open-end wrenches and their uses are
listed below.

The engineer’s single open-end wrench has a long

smooth shank providing the user with a better gripping
surface. It is used to reach behind or below blind
surfaces.
The engineer’s double open-end wrench has different size
openings on each end. This type of an arrangement permits a
smaller number of wrenches to complete a set. The engineer’s
double open-end wrench is also used to reach behind or below
blind surfaces

BOX WRENCHES
A box wrench surrounds the nut, bolt head, or stud on all
sides. It is available with both 6-point and 12-point
openings. The 12-point opening is more common, as it may be
used on both square and hexagonal bolt heads. Box wrench
openings are offset from the shank by 15 degrees. A box
wrench should be used whenever possible, as it provides the
best protection to both the user and the equipment. The major
disadvantage of the box wrench is that there must be enough
clearance above and around the bolt head to place the wrench
over the bolt head. The length of the box wrench depends upon the size of the opening. Some
of the more common types of box wrenches and their uses are shown below and on page 25-4.
The most common box wrench is the double offset box
wrench. It comes with a different size opening at each
end. The double offset wrench is used to remove normal
nuts and bolts

COMBINATION WRENCHES
The combination wrench combines the best features of
the open-end and box wrench into a single wrench. The
size opening on the wrench is the same on both ends,
but one end has a box head and the other end has an
open-end head. The length of the wrench varies with
the size of the head. The most common opening is offset
from the shank by 15 degrees. They are used to remove
common-size nuts and bolts.
ADJUSTABLE OPEN-END WRENCH
The adjustable open-end wrench has one fixed jaw and movable
or adjustable jaw. The adjustable jaw is set against the face of the
nut by turning a knurled worm gear. Care must be exercised
when using an adjustable wrench. Always use the fixed jaw for
applying pressure to tighten or loosen nuts or bolts. Adjustable
wrenches are used to remove and/or install nuts, bolts, and studs
when the correct size wrench or socket is not available.

CLAMP PLIERS
The clamp pliers are generally used more as a
wrench than as a pair of pliers. It has a fixed jaw and
handle which contains an adjustment screw for the
movable jaw. The other handle is in two sections,
one section to apply pressure and to lock the pliers,
and the other section, when pulled, to release the
grip. Clamp pliers are used to hold or clamp nuts and
bolts which have been rounded off by using the
wrong size wrench.

PIPE WRENCH
The stillson pipe wrench has a fixed jaw which is on the
end of the handle and an adjustable jaw at the top of
the wrench. Adjustment is made by turning a knurled
adjusting screw which moves the jaw. Always pull
the pipe fitting towards the fixed jaw. The serrated
(grooved) jaws of the stillson wrench will mar soft pipe.

WOODWORKER'S CHISELS
There are two types of woodworkers chisels. Thesocket type has a blade and
socket handle forged ofhigh carbon steel in a single casting. The woodenhandle is
inserted into the socket. This type of chisel isused to cut and pare off wood.
Generally socket-typechisels are used for heavier cutting when a hammer ormallet
may be required for additional driving force.
 The tang-type chisel is forged in a single casting. Thehandle is drilled and
inserted over the tang and rein-forced with a metal band. The tang-
type chisels are alsoused to cut and pare wood. However, the driving
forcerequired is hand pressure only.

MACHINIST’S CHISELS
Machinist’s chisels are designed to cut and shape cold
metal and are usually struck with a hammer. The flat or
cold chisel is composed of hardened steel and has a tapered
cutting edge on one end and a flat base on the other end.

The diamond point chisel has a solid point on one end and
a flat base on the other end. It is used for drawing and
cutting holes in flat stocks and to cut V-grooves

The cape chisel has a small solid point on one end and
a flat base on the other end. It is used for cutting
keyways or slots in metal, and square corners.

The round nose chisel has a ground edge on one end and
a flat base on the other end and an octagon-shaped
stock. It is used to align drilled holes, cut channels, cut oil
grooves and similar work.

FILE
Files are used for cutting, smoothing off, or
removing small amounts of metal, wood, plastic, or
other material. Files are made in various lengths,
shapes, and cuts. Every file has five parts: the point
(1), edge (2), face or cutting teeth (3), heel or
shoulder (4) and tang (5). The tang is used to attach
the handle on American pattern files. The tang is
shaped into a handle and is usually knurled on Swiss pattern files.
BAR
Bars are steel tools used to lift and move heavy objects
and to pry where leverage is needed. They can also be
used to remove nails and spikes, and to loosen hard soil for
digging. The most commonly used types of bars are the
wrecking bar, crowbar, pinch bar, and combination pry bar. These bars range from 12 inches to 72
inches in length, depending upon their design and the purpose for which they are used.

WRECKING BAR
The wrecking bar is used to pull large nails or spikes, to open
heavy crates, and to do wrecking work.

REAMER
Reamers are used to enlarge and true a hole. They are
also used to remove burrs from the inside diameters of
pipes and drilled holes. The reamer consists of three
parts, the body (1), the shank (2), and the blades (3).
The shank has a square tang to allow the reamer to
beheld with a wrench for turning.

HAND SHEARS
Hand shears are made with straight or curved cutting blades. Shears are made for right-handed
operators so the cutline is always in full view for accurate cutting.

Straight-bladed shears are used to cut straight lines or to cut

curves in locations that are easily reached

Shears with curved blades such as the hawk bill and the curved
blade hand shears are made especially for cut-ting short straight
lines or curves. They are also used for cutting out small intricate
designs in locations where it is necessary to keep the handles and
handle-operating hand away from the metal stock.
TUBE CUTTERS
Tube cutters have a cutting blade (1), guide rollers (2), and an
adjusting screw (3). Some cutters have a reaming blade
attached to the frame of the cutter. Tube cutters can cut from
1/8 inch through 2-5/8 inches tubing. They can cut copper,
aluminum, or brass tubing.

PIPE CUTTERS
There are two sizes of pipe cutters. One size can cut
from 1/8 to 2 inches, while the other can cut from 2 to
4inches. The pipe cutter has a cutting blade (1) and
two pressure rollers (2) which are adjusted and
tightened by turning the handle (3). Pipe cutters are
used to cut steel, brass, copper, wrought iron, and
lead pipe.

CIRCLE GLASS CUTTER

The circle glass cutter has an adjustable arm (1), cutting
head (2), and a suction cup clamp assembly (3).The
cutting head scores a mark on the sheet of glass. The
suction cup assembly provides an anchor. The circle
glass cutter is used to cut circles in glass. The
adjustable arm can be moved in the suction cup
assembly to allow circles from 2 to 24 inches in diameter.

SCRATCH AWL
The scratch awl has a fixed tapered blade and a
wooden handle. It is used to scribe marks or as a
center punch on soft wood and plastics. Cover points
when not in use.

C-CLAMPS
C-clamps are used to hold work which cannot be held ina
vise, or which has to be held for extended periods oftime.
They are available in a variety of sizes.
HYDRAULIC JACKS
A hydraulic jack operates through pressure applied to one side of
a hydraulic cylinder which moves the jack head. These jacks are
automatically lowered by releasing the pressure. Vertical
hydraulic jacks come in a variety of types, in capacities from 3 to
100 tons, having different extended heights.

BRACE DRILL
The brace drill is made up of the following parts: head
(1), crank (2), crank handle (3), ratchet mechanism (4),
and chuck (5). The brace is used to drill holes in wood
and with a screwdriver bit, remove and install screws.

HAND DRILL
The hand drill is made up of the following parts: handle (1),
drive handle (2), side handle (3) pinion (4), and gearwheel
(5) and chuck (6). The handle provides a storage area for
drill bits. The side handle may be used to steady the drill
when drilling in soft wood. The pinion turns the chuck and
drill. Through mechanical linkage, the gearwheel transfers
the driving force from the drive handle to the chuck. Hand
drills are used to drill holes in wood and sheet metal.

MACHINE TABLE VISE

The machine table vise is a special purpose vise
which may be bolted to a drill press, lathe, or table. It
is available in two sizes, one having a 3-1/2-inch jaw
width and a3-inch jaw opening, and the other having a
6-inch jaw width and a 6-inch jaw opening. Machine
table vises are used to hold small pieces of wood or
metal for machining or drilling operations
MACHINIST’S BENCH VISE
The machinist’s bench vise has rough jaws which prevent the
work from slipping. It has a swivel base, allowing the user to
position the vise in a better working position. Machinist’s
bench vises are usually bolted to work bench or table. They
are used for holding or clamping large, heavy objects.

PIPE VISE
The pipe vise is a special purpose vise designed to hold
round stock. It has hinged jaws which allow the user to
position the work and then lock it in place. Some pipe vises
have a section of chain instead of jaws for holding the
pipe. Pipe vises are usually bench mounted. They are used
to hold pipe from 1/8 inch to 8 inches in diameter while
cutting or threading.

LEVEL
Levels are tools designed to prove whether a plane or
surface is in the true vertical or true horizontal. All levels
consist of a liquid-filled glass tube or tubes supported in
frame.

PLUMB BOBS
A plumb bob is a precision instrument used to establish a true vertical transfer and
line-up reference point, and to take readings or soundings in tanks and voids. Plumb
bobs are used by carpenters, surveyors and maintenance technicians.
MACHINIST’S SCRIBERS

The machinist’s scriber is used to mark or score on steel, glass,

aluminum, copper or similar surfaces.
There are two basic types of machinist’s scribers, single
point pocket (1) and bent point-straight point (2).

Tungsten carbide tips have extremely hard points and are used
on hardened steel or glass.
POWERTOOLS

 Drills
Drills can be equipped with bits that are held by a chuck. The most common types
of bits are a drill bit and driver bit. Drills are often used in wood and metalworking
to drill holes and to secure materials together with screws. Different types of drills
exist and each type is intended for various purposes, including masonry, milling,
metal, and more. Drill styles vary from corded to cordless and handheld to large
drill presses.
Currently some of the most used drills are the handheld cordless and corded drills.
The benefit of cordless drills is portability. Cordless Drills can be used just about
anywhere without the need for an outlet or extension cord. This comes at the cost
of waiting for the batteries to charge once they discharge and there can be a drop
in torque as the battery discharges.
Corded Drills need to be plugged into a constant supply of power from an outlet or a generator. Corded drills can provide
greater, more consistent, torque and higher RPM's (Revolutions Per Minute) over their cordless counterparts. Corded drills
do lack the portability of cordless drills and must be used in areas that have an outlet or is reachable by an extension cord.

 Nail Guns
Nail Guns are most commonly pneumatic (air pressure) powered tools designed for
driving nails or staples in to various materials. The goal of a nail gun is to help speed
up the construction process by allowing one to drive nails at a much higher rate then
with a common hammer. This also means less fatigue for the user and no smashed
fingers. Nail guns have essentially become a necessity in finish work. They do not
leave unsightly hammering marks on the wood. Only the nail hole is left. The nail is
driven to a depth controlled by settings on the nail gun its self and/or by the air
pressure of the compressor. After some wood filler, you could have flawless
woodwork.

 Reciprocal Saw
Reciprocating Saws transform rotation power into a high-speed,
forward-backward motion for quickly sawing through various
materials. Other names for the reciprocating saw include sabre
saw, recipro saw, and Sawzall™ (Which is a trademarked product
made by the Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp.). There are various types
of blades designed for reciprocating saws. The blades are designed
specifically for materials such as concrete, masonry, wood, metal,
tile, and more. Reciprocating saws come in cordless and corded
versions.
 Router (Power Tool)
A router is a handheld power tool designed to
precisely cut, trim, and shape materials such as wood
or plastic. Routers are popular in applications where
there is a need to create decorative designs in the
wood. Cabinetry and moulding work are perfect
examples of the most common uses for routers. There
are hundreds of varieties of router bits to choose
from. Routers spin at very high speeds and modern
routers have variable speed options so that larger
diameter bits can be safely used.

 Grinders
A grinder is commonly used for cutting, polishing, and grinding. Other
names for the grinder include side grinder, disc grinder, and angle
grinder. Angle grinders are most often either electrical or pneumatic
(pneumatic versions are generally used for lighter duty jobs). Angle
grinders are essential for removal of unwanted material from a soon to
be finished piece. For example, they are commonly used in the metal
fabrication industry to remove slag and rough patches that are left over
from the welding process. This leaves behind a smooth, continuous
piece of metal.
 Sanders
A sander uses an abrasive material to smooth and remove the top layers of material from
a surface. They are very often powered by electricity but pneumatic models do exist. The
abrasive material usually comes in the form of sandpaper that is pre-cut to fit the sander.
The sandpaper may be fashioned into belts, circles, triangles, or other shapes depending
on the sanding device. Sandpaper is available in a wide variety of grits to achieve a rough
or fine sanding. Some of the most common sanders are described below.
A Belt Sander can be a hand-held tool or stationary. Belt Sanders use the rotational power
of a motor to move a belt made of sandpaper. These tools are used for pieces that need a
significant amount of material removed from the surface and are fairly large in size.
A Disc Sander uses circular pieces of sandpaper. Disc sanders spin the
sandpaper against the material to smooth it.
An Orbital Sander is a hand-held sander that contains a motor that creates
vibrations. The vibrations are in a circular pattern, thus the name orbital
sander. An orbital sander is generally used for fine or finish sanding.

 Jigsaw (Power Tool)

A jigsaw is unique since its design allows it to cut curves. Because
a jigsaw can cut along curves it is an essential tool for cutting
stencils out of wood, metal, or other materials. The ability to cut
directionally comes from the thin reciprocating saw-blade that the
jigsaw uses. Jigsaws are a must if you plan on making plywood
cutouts or designs. Cordless jigsaw models are available.
 Circular Saws
A Circular saw can use blades capable of cutting wood, steel, tile, and
masonry. Circular Saws make long, straight cuts across a board (crosscut or
rip cut). A Circular saw general falls in one of two categories, sidewinder
drive or worm drive. The categories are dependent on how the motor drive
is mounted. Other components of a circular saw include a footplate for
resting against the work surface, depth adjustment options to account for
varying material thickness, and a blade guard to protect the user & blade
when not in use. Common blade sizes range from 5-1/2" to 7-1/4".

 Compound Miter Saws

A Miter Saw has swing arm that can pivot left or right
making angled cuts. A Compound Miter Saw can also tilt
horizontally in one direction to make beveled angle cuts
(Dual Compound Miter Saws can be angled in both
directions). This means you can make a two axis cut in
one cut. Perfect for cutting crown molding, which often
needs to be cut in two planes. Blade sizes commonly
range from 9"-12". The larger the diameter of the blade
the deeper and longer a cut can be.
Sliding Compound Miter Saws allow for all the actions
mentioned above while being able to move the blade
forward and backward during a cut. This allows for a long
cut. With this capability you can crosscut pieces of
greater width.

 Table Saws
A table saw consists of a metal table with adjustable guides and a
slot from which a saw blade is enclosed. The height of the saw
blade can be adjusted for the cut. The blade can also be angled
for the cut, usually only in on direction (left or right). More
portable versions of table saws are called job site saws or bench
top saws. They are capable of a majority of the features full
sized shop table saws may have while being portable.
 Air Compressors
An Air Compressor is a must have if you wish to use
pneumatic (air) tools. Air compressors use a piston to
force air into a tank until it reaches a specified
pressure. The compressor will engage and refill once
the pressure drops below a specified threshold. Single
stage compressors make use of a single piston to
pressurize the tank and usually are rated for less then
150psi. Two-stage compressors make use of two
pistons to pressurize the tank and can have pressure
ratings above 150psi. Two-stage compressors are often
used in commercial applications.

The right air compressor for you depends on your

application. If you work in a shop a vertical floor
mount air compressor may be appropriate. If you need
it to be portable, a 2-5 gallon horizontal air
compressor may be best. A plethora of air tools and accessories can be used with an air compressor.

An air compressor is a machine that is capable of converting electrical power into kinetic energy, specifically by utilizing
compressed air. When this air is released in a quick burst, it releases an amount of kinetic energy that can be harnessed for a
number of purposes, including pneumatic device activation, air transfer (such as filling a tire), and cleaning operations.

Air compressors work in two phases: the compression operation and the release operation. There are multiple methods of
compressing air, including reciprocating, rotary screws and centrifugal compression. Compression release, or air delivery,
varies as well, and is measured in cubic feet per minute. Generally, the more horsepower a compressor is capable of, the
more powerful the air delivery.

 Jackhammer

A hand-held, pneumatically powered device that hammers and rotates

a bit or chisel. A jackhammer is used for
drilling rock or breaking up concrete, asphalt paving, etc. Jackhammers can be
Pneumatic, Electromechanical and Hydraulic. Pneumatic drills use compressed air
as power source. To increase a pneumatic drill`s lifetime, you must use a special
pneumatic lubricator. Electromechanical jackhammers require a power source to
run, so they are often used inside buildings. The main disadvantage of
electromechanical jackhammers is that they are not portable, as they need a
powerful electric source, so you can`t attach them to batteries. Hydraulic
jackhammers are very large, and they are attached to excavators or backhoes. If
you want to demolish a construction, than you will certainly need a Hydraulic
Jackhammer. For convenience sake, you can always hire a Jackhammer Operator.
 Bandsaw

A bandsaw is a power tool which uses a blade consisting of a continuous

band of metal with teeth along one edge to cut various workpieces. The
band usually rides on two wheels rotating in the same plane, although
some bandsaws may have three or four wheels. Bandsawing produces
uniform cutting action as a result of an evenly distributed tooth
load.[1] Bandsaws are used for woodworking,metalworking, or for
cutting a variety of other materials. They are particularly useful for
cutting irregular or curved shapes, but can make straight cuts. The
minimum radius of a curve that can be cut on a particular saw is
determined by the width of the band and its kerf.

 Chainsaw
A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable, mechanical saw which
cuts with a set of teeth attached to a rotating chain that runs
along a guide bar. It is used in activities such as
tree felling, limbing, bucking, pruning, to fell snags and assist
in cuttingfirebreaks in wildland fire suppression, and to
harvest firewood. Chainsaws with specially designed bar and
chain combinations have been developed as tools for use
in chainsaw art and chainsaw mills. Specialist chainsaws are
used for cutting concrete. Chainsaws are sometimes used for
cutting ice, for example for ice sculpture and in Finland for winter swimming. Someone who uses a saw is a sawyer.
 Disc Cutter
A disc cutter is a specialised, often hand-
held, power tool used for cutting hard
materials, for example ceramic tile. This tool
is very similar to an angle grinder, with main
difference being cutting disc itself
(circular diamond blade for disc cutter vs.
abrasive grinding wheelfor angle grinder).

 Impact Wrench

An impact wrench (also known as an impactor, air wrench, air

gun, rattle gun, torque gun, windy gun) is a socket wrenchpower
tool designed to deliver high torque output with minimal exertion
by the user, by storing energy in a rotating mass, then delivering it
suddenly to the output shaft.

Compressed air is the most common power source,

although electric or hydraulic power is also used, with cordless
electricdevices becoming increasingly popular in recent times.[1]

Impact wrenches are widely used in many industries, such

as automotive repair, heavy equipment maintenance, product
assembly, major construction projects, and any other instance
where a high torque output is needed. For product assembly, a pulse tool is commonly used, as it features a reactionless
tightening while reducing the noise levels the regular impacts suffer from. Pulse tools use oil as a medium to transfer the
kinetic energy from the hammer into the anvil. This gives a smoother impulse, a slightly lower torque to weight ratio and a
possibility to design a shut off mechanism that shuts the tool down when achieving the correct torque. Impact wrenches with
shut off mechanism, which exist, often suffer from a very high mean shift, which is why this technology is losing ground.
Pulse tools are not referred to as "impact wrenches" as the performance and technology are not the same.
 Impact Driver
An impact driver is a manual or power tool that delivers a strong, sudden rotational
and downward force. In conjunction with toughened screwdriver bits and socket
sets, they are often used by mechanics to loosen larger screws (bolts) and nuts that
are corrosively "frozen" or over-torqued.[1] The direction can also be reversed for
situations where screws have to be tightened with torque greater than
a screwdriver can reasonably provide.
Manual impact drivers consist of a heavy outer sleeve that surrounds an inner core
that is splined to it. The spline is curved so that when the user strikes the outer
sleeve with a hammer, its downward force works on the spline to produce turning
force on the core and any socket or work bit attached to it. The tool translates the
heavy rotational inertia of the sleeve to the lighter core to generate large amounts
of torque. At the same time, the striking blow from the hammer forces the impact driver down into the screw reducing or
eliminating cam out. This attribute is beneficial for Phillips screws which are prone to cam out. It is also excellent for use
with theRobertson square socket head screws[2] that are in common use in Canada. It is less beneficial for slot head screws
and is not beneficial at all for most other types.

 Grinding Machine

A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is any

of various power tools or machine tools used
for grinding, which is a type ofmachining using
an abrasive wheel as the cutting tool. Each grain of
abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from
the workpiece via shear deformation.

Grinding is used to finish workpieces that must show

high surface quality (e.g., low surface roughness) and
high accuracy of shape and dimension. As the accuracy
in dimensions in grinding is on the order of 0.000025
mm, in most applications it tends to be a finishing
operation and removes comparatively little metal,
about 0.25 to 0.50 mm depth. However, there are some roughing applications in which grinding removes high volumes of
metal quite rapidly. Thus, grinding is a diverse field.
 Alligator Shear
An alligator shear, historically known as a lever shear[1] and sometimes as a crocodile
shear,[2] is a metal-cutting shear with a hinged jaw, powered by
a flywheel or hydraulic cylinder. Alligator shears are generally set up as stand-alone
shears; however, there are types for excavators. The jaw size can range from 4 to
36 in (100 to 910 mm) long. They are generally used to cut steel members, such
as rebar, pipe, angle iron or I-beams.[3][4]

Alligator shears are used for cutting long metal stock or scrap, generally where
accuracy is not an important consideration, and the size or shape of the material
makes other cutting or shearing options impractical- often the only other cutting
option is cutting with a torch. Alligator shears are often used in conjunction with large
metal shredders in the metal recycling industry, to 'clean' or prepare scrap for
shredding by removing unwanted fittings or other parts the shredder will not accept.

 Heat Gun
A heat gun is a device used to emit a stream of hot air, usually at
temperatures between 100 °C and 550 °C (200-1000 °F), with some
hotter models running around 760 °C (1400 °F), which can be held by
hand. Heat guns usually have the form of an elongated body pointing at
what is to be heated, with a handle fixed to it at right angles and
a trigger, in the same general layout as a handgun, hence the name.

Heat guns are used in physics, materials

science, chemistry, engineering, and other laboratory and workshop
settings. Different types of heat gun operating at different temperatures
and with different airflow can be used to strip paint, shrink heat shrink
tubing, shrink film, andshrink wrap packaging, dry out damp wood, bend
and weld plastic, soften adhesives, and thaw frozen pipes.[1] Heat guns,
often called hot air guns or hot air stations for this application, are used
in electronics to desolder and rework surface-mounted circuit
boardcomponents. Heat guns are also used for functional testing of
overheat protection devices, in order to safely simulate an overheat
condition.
For removing lead paint temperatures below 590 °C (1100 °F) are used
to minimize vaporization.[2]
Focused infrared heaters are also used for localised heating.