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Population and Sample by Toby

1) A population is a set or collection of objects, measurements, or observations that are under investigation. It can include people, animals, events, objects, or buildings. 2) Populations can be finite or infinite depending on whether the number of elements can be counted. Existent populations comprise objects that exist in reality, while hypothetical populations exist hypothetically. 3) Probability sampling selects samples randomly from a population using methods based on probability theory. It reduces bias and allows accurate representation of diverse populations. Non-probability sampling relies on the researcher's judgment.

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Jeanette Bonifacio Corpuz
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512 views25 pages

Population and Sample by Toby

1) A population is a set or collection of objects, measurements, or observations that are under investigation. It can include people, animals, events, objects, or buildings. 2) Populations can be finite or infinite depending on whether the number of elements can be counted. Existent populations comprise objects that exist in reality, while hypothetical populations exist hypothetically. 3) Probability sampling selects samples randomly from a population using methods based on probability theory. It reduces bias and allows accurate representation of diverse populations. Non-probability sampling relies on the researcher's judgment.

Uploaded by

Jeanette Bonifacio Corpuz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOBY D.

APELO GRADE 7-DESCARTES


1
What is a Population?
A set or collection of all the objects,
actual or conceptual and mainly the set
of numbers, measurements, or
observations which are under
investigations.

2
What is a Population?
The population is not confined to
people only, but it may also include
animals, events, objects, buildings, etc.

3
Types of Population
Finite Population: When the number of
elements of the population is fixed and thus
making it possible to enumerate or count it in
totality, the population is said to be finite.

4
Types of Population
Infinite Population: When the number of
units in a population are uncountable, and so
it is impossible to observe all the items of the
universe, then the population is considered as
infinite.

5
Types of Population
Existent Population: The population which
comprises of objects that exist in reality is
called existent population.

6
Types of Population
Hypothetical Population: Hypothetical or
imaginary population is the population which
exists hypothetically

7
What is a Sample?
Sample - a part of population chosen at
random for participation in the study.

8
Probability Sampling
Probability Sampling is a sampling technique in
which sample from a larger population are chosen
using a method based on the theory of probability.
For a participant to be considered as a probability
sample, he/she must be selected using a random
selection.

9
Types of Probability Sampling
Simple Random Sampling is a completely random
method of selecting the sample. This sampling
method is as easy as assigning numbers to the
individuals (sample) and then randomly choosing
from those numbers through an automated
process.

10
Types of Probability Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling involves a method
where a larger population can be divided into
smaller groups, that usually don’t overlap but
represent the entire population together.

11
Types of Probability Sampling
Cluster Random Sampling is a way to randomly
select participants when they are geographically
spread out.

12
Types of Probability Sampling
Systematic Sampling is when you choose every
“nth” individual to be a part of the sample. For
example, you can choose every 5th person to be in
the sample.

13
What are the steps involved in Probability Sampling?

1. Choose your population of interest carefully:


Carefully think and choose from the population,
people you think whose opinions should be
collected and then include them in the sample.
2. Determine a suitable sample frame: Your frame
should include a sample from your population of
interest and no one from outside in order to collect
accurate data.
3. Select your sample and start your survey: It can
sometimes be challenging to find the right sample
and determine a suitable sample frame.
14
When to use Probability Sampling?
1. When the sampling bias has to be reduced: This
sampling method is used when the bias has to be
minimum.
2. When the population is usually diverse: When
your population size is large and diverse this
sampling method is usually used extensively as
probability sampling helps researchers create
samples that fully represent the population.
3. To create an accurate sample: Probability
sampling help researchers create an accurate
sample of their population.
15
Advantages of Probability Sampling
1. It’s Cost-effective: This process is both cost and
time effective and a larger sample can also be
chosen based on numbers assigned to the samples
and then choosing random numbers from the
bigger sample. Work here is done.
2. It’s simple and easy: Probability sampling is an
easy way of sampling as it does not involve a
complicated process.
3.It non-technical: This method of sampling doesn’t
require any technical knowledge because of the
simplicity with which this can be done.
16
Non-Probability Sampling
Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique
in which the researcher selects samples based on
the subjective judgment of the researcher rather
than random selection.

17
Types of non-probability sampling
1. Convenience Sampling: Convenience sampling is
a non-probability sampling technique where
samples are selected from the population only
because they are conveniently available to
researcher.

An example of convenience sampling would be


using student volunteers known to researcher.
Researcher can send the survey to students and
they would act as sample in this situation.
18
Types of non-probability sampling
2. Consecutive Sampling: This non-probability
sampling technique is very similar to convenience
sampling, with a slight variation.

Here, the researcher picks a single person or a


group of sample, conducts research over a period of
time, analyzes the results and then moves on to
another subject or group of subject if needed.

19
Types of non-probability sampling
3. Quota Sampling: Hypothetically consider, a
researcher wants to study the career goals of male
and female employees in an organization.

There are 500 employees in the organization. These


500 employees are known as population. In order to
understand better about a population, researcher
will need only a sample, not the entire population.

20
Types of non-probability sampling
4.Judgmental or Purposive Sampling: the samples
are selected based purely on researcher’s
knowledge and credibility.

In other words, researchers choose only those who


he feels are a right fit (with respect to attributes
and representation of a population) to participate
in research study.

21
Types of non-probability sampling
5. Snowball Sampling: Snowball Sampling helps
researchers find sample when they are difficult to
locate.

Researchers use this technique when the sample


size is small and not easily available.

22
When to use non-probability sampling?
•This type of sampling is used to indicate if a
particular trait or characteristic exists in a
population.
•This sampling technique is widely used when
researchers aim at conducting qualitative research,
pilot studies or exploratory research.
•Non-probability sampling is used when researchers
have limited time to conduct researcher or have
budget constraints.
•Non-probability sampling is conducted to observe
if a particular issue needs in-depth analysis.
23
Advantages of non-probability sampling
1. Non-probability sampling is a more conducive
and practical method for researchers
deploying survey in the real world.

2. Getting responses using non-probability sampling


is faster and more cost-effective as compared to
probability sampling because sample is known
to researcher, they are motivated to respond
quickly as compared to people who are
randomly selected.
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