The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three different sectors in Australia between 2010 and 2015. The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the column graph demonstrates the fund sources over a decade, commencing from 1981. The two pie charts and the column graph in combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from 2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during this period.
The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three different sectors in Australia between 2010 and 2015. The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the column graph demonstrates the fund sources over a decade, commencing from 1981. The two pie charts and the column graph in combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from 2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during this period.
The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three different sectors in Australia between 2010 and 2015. The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the column graph demonstrates the fund sources over a decade, commencing from 1981. The two pie charts and the column graph in combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from 2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during this period.
The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three different sectors in Australia between 2010 and 2015. The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the column graph demonstrates the fund sources over a decade, commencing from 1981. The two pie charts and the column graph in combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from 2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during this period.
The/ the given / the diagram / table / shows / represents / the comparison of… supplied / the figure / illustration / depicts / enumerates the differences… presented / the graph / chart / flow / illustrates / the changes... shown / the chart / picture/ presents/ gives / the number of… provided presentation/ pie provides / delineates/ information on… chart / bar graph/ outlines/ describes / data on… column graph / line delineates/ the proportion of… graph / table data/ expresses/ denotes/ the amount of… data / information / compares/ shows information on... pictorial/ process contrast / indicates / data about... diagram/ map/ pie figures / gives data comparative data... chart and table/ bar on / gives information the trend of... graph and pie chart on/ presents the percentages of... ... information about/ the ratio of... shows data about/ how the... demonstrates/ sketch out/ summarises...
Example : 1. The diagram shows employment rates among adults in four European countries from 1925 to 1985.
2. The given pie charts represent the proportion of male and female employees in 6 broad categories, dividing into manual and non-manual occupations in Australia, between 2010 and 2015.
3. The chart gives information about consumer expenditures on six products in four countries namely Germany, Italy, Britain and France.
4. The supplied bar graph compares the number of male and female graduates in three developing countries while the table data presents the overall literacy rate in these countries. 5. The bar graph and the table data depict the water consumption in different sectors in five regions.
6. The bar graph enumerates the money spent on different research projects while the column graph demonstrates the fund sources over a decade, commencing from 1981.
7. The line graph delineates the proportion of male and female employees in three different sectors in Australia between 2010 and 2015.
Note that, some teachers prefer "The line graph demonstrates..." format instead of "The given line graph demonstrates...". However, if you write "The given/ provided/ presented...." it would be correct as well. Tips: 1. For a single graph use 's' after the verb, like - gives data on, shows/ presents etc. However, if there are multiple graphs, DO NOT use 's' after the verb.
2. If there are multiple graphs and each one presents a different type of data, you can write which graph presents what type of data and use 'while' to show a connection. For example -'The given bar graph shows the amount spent on fast food items in 2009 in the UK while the pie chart presents a comparison of people's ages who spent more on fast food.
3. Your introduction should be quite impressive as it makes the first impression to the examiner. It either makes or breaks your overall score.
4. For multiple graphs and/ or table(s), you can write what they present in combination instead of saying which each graph depicts. For example, "The two pie charts and the column graph in combination depicts a picture of the crime in Australia from 2005 to 2015 and the percentages of young offenders during this period." Caution: Never copy word for word from the question. If you do do, you would be penalised. always paraphrase the introduction in your own words. What + Where + When. Example: The diagram presents information on the percentages of teachers who have expressed their views about the different problems they face when dealing with children in three Australian schools from 2001 to 2005. What = the percentages of teachers... Where = three Australian schools... When = from 2001 to 2005...
Trends Verb form Noun Form
Increase rise / increase / go up / uplift / rocket(ed) / a rise / an increase / an upward
climb / upsurge / soar/ shot up/ improve/ trend / a growth / a leap / a jump / jump/ leap/ move upward/ skyrocket/ soar/ an improvement/ a climb. surge.
Decrease fall / decrease / decline / plummet / plunge a fall / a decrease / a reduction / a
/ drop / reduce / collapse / deterioriate/ dip downward trends /a downward / dive / go down / take a nosedive / slum / tendency / a decline/ a drop / a slide / go into free-fall. slide / a collapse / a downfall.
Steadiness unchanged / level out / remain constant / a steadiness/ a plateau / a stability/
remain steady / plateau / remain the same a static / remain stable / remain static
Gradual increase an upward trend / an upward
------------ tendency / a ceiling trend
Gradual decrease a downward trend / a downward
------------ tendency / a descending trend
Standability/ Flat level(ed) off / remain(ed) constant /
remain(ed) unchanged / remain(ed) stable No change, a flat, a plateau. / prevail(ed) consistency / plateaued / reach(ed) a plateau / stay(ed) uniform /immutable / level(ed) out/ stabilise/ remain(ed) the same.
Examples: 1. The overall sale of the company increased by 20% at the end of the year.
2. The expenditure of the office remained constant for the last 6 months but the profit rose by almost 25%.
3. There was a 15% drop in the ratio of student enrollment in this University.
4. The population of the country remained almost the same as it was 2 years ago.
5. The population of these two cities increase significantly in the last two decades and it is expected that it will remain stable during the next 5 years.
Tips: 1. Use 'improve' / 'an improvement' to describe a situation like economic condition or employment status. To denote numbers use other verbs/nouns like increase. 2. Do not use the same word/ phrase over and over again. In fact, you should not use a noun or verb form to describe a trend/change more than twice; once is better!
3. To achieve a high band score you need to use a variety of vocabulary as well as sentence formations. Vocabulary to represent changes in graphs:
Example: 1. The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2008.
2. There was a sharp drop in the industrial production in the year 2009.
3. The demand for new houses dramatically increased in 2002.
4. The population of the country dramatically increased in the last decade.
5. The price of the oil moderately increased during the last quarter but as a consequence, the price of daily necessity rapidly went up. Vocabulary to represent frequent changes in graphs:
Example: 1. The price of the goods fluctuated during the first three months in 2017.
2. The graph shows the oscillations of the price from 1998 to 2002.
3. The passenger number in this station oscillates throughout the day and in early morning and evening, it remains busy.
4. The changes of car production in Japan shows a palpitation for the second quarter of the year.
5. The number of students in debate clubs fluctuated in different months of the year and rapid ups and downs could be observed in the last three months of this year.
Tips: 1. 4. DO NOT try to present every single data presented in a graph. Rather pick 5-7 most significant and important trends/ changes and show their comparisons and contrasts. 2. The question asks you to write a report and summarise the data presented in graphs(s). This is why you need to show the comparisons, contrasts, show the highest and lowest points and most striking features in your answer, not every piece of data presented in the diagram(s).
Dates, Months & Years related vocabulary and grammar:
» From 1990 to 2000, Commencing from 1980, Between 1995 and 2005, After 2012. » By 1995, In 1998, In February, Over the period, During the period, During 2011. » In the first half of the year, For the first quarter, The last quarter of the year, During the first decade. » In the 80s, In the 1980s, During the next 6 months, In the mid-70s, Next 10 years, Previous year, Next year, Between 1980 - 1990. » Within a time span of ten years, within five years. » Next month, Next quarter, Next year, Previous month, Previous year. » Since, Then, From.
Percentage, Portion and Numbers:
Percentages: 10% increase, 25 percent decrease, increased by 15%, dropped by 10 per cent, fall at 50%, reached to 75%, tripled, doubled, one-fourth, three-quarters, half, double fold, treble, 5 times higher, 3 timers lower, declined to about 49%, stood exactly at 43%. Fractions: 4% = A tiny fraction. 24% = Almost a quarter. 25% Exactly a quarter. 26% = Roughly one quarter. 32% Nearly one-third, nearly a third. 49% = Around a half, just under a half. 50% Exactly a half. 51% = Just over a half. 73% = Nearly three quarters. 77% = Approximately three quarter, more than three-quarter. 79% = Well over three quarters. Proportions: 2% = A tiny portion, a very small proportion. 4% = An insignificant minority, an insignificant proportion. 16% = A small minority, a small portion. 70% = A large proportion. 72% = A significant majority, A significant proportion.89% = A very large proportion. 89% = A very large proportion.
Words/ Phrases of Approximation - Vocabulary:
» Approximately » Nearly » Roughly » Almost » About » Around » More or less » Just over » Just under » Just around » Just about » Just below » A little more than » A little less than.
