Acterna SDH Access Tester

ANT-5, 08.00...

User Manual
Acterna SDH Access Tester
ANT-5

For software version 08.00…

Please direct all enquiries to the nearest Acterna Sales Office or

Technical Assistance Centre. For locality information visit our Web
Site, www.acterna.com, or contact the nearest Regional Sales Office
as listed on the back of the manual.

© Copyright 2003 Acterna, LLC. All rights reserved. Acterna, The Keepers of
Communications, and its logo are trademarks of Acterna, LLC. All other
trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective
owners.
Subject to change without notice.
Printed in the United Kingdom.
4565-8498.210 Revision 12/17.07.2003
Last saved on 17 July, 2003

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 This product incorporates VxWorks™ software developed by
Wind River Systems Inc., by whom it is copyrighted.

‘MS-DOS’, ‘Windows’ and ‘HyperTerminal’ are registered

trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

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Contents
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................13
1.1 Intended use ..................................................................................................................13
1.2 Features of the SDH Access Tester application software ..............................................14
1.3 Acterna ANT-5 Software version summary....................................................................14
1.4 Acterna ANT-5 Hardware version summary ..................................................................15
1.5 Physical layout and connectors – BN4565/01................................................................15
1.6 Physical layout and connectors – BN 4565/02...............................................................17
1.7 Physical layout and connectors – BN 4565/03...............................................................19
1.8 Safety instructions .........................................................................................................20
1.8.1 Correct usage .........................................................................................................20
1.8.2 Connection to test circuits carrying dangerous voltages.........................................20
1.8.3 Laser safety ............................................................................................................21
1.8.4 Cleaning optical connectors....................................................................................21
1.8.5 Optical attenuators .................................................................................................21
1.8.6 Faults and damage .................................................................................................22
1.8.7 General cleaning ....................................................................................................22
1.9 Power supplies ..............................................................................................................22
1.9.1 Battery charging .....................................................................................................23
1.9.2 Low battery .............................................................................................................23
1.9.3 Displaying the battery charge indicator...................................................................23

2. Getting started ...................................................................................................................25

2.1 Switching on and off ......................................................................................................25
2.2 Start up screens.............................................................................................................25
2.3 Menus ............................................................................................................................26
2.4 Message boxes..............................................................................................................26
2.5 LED and on-screen indicators........................................................................................26
2.6 Using the keyboard........................................................................................................27
2.6.1 Adjusting the screen contrast .................................................................................29
2.6.2 Switching the beeper on or off ................................................................................29
2.6.3 Function keys .........................................................................................................29
2.6.4 Using the alphanumeric keypad .............................................................................29
2.6.5 Changing the keypad settings ................................................................................30
2.7 Printing the current screen.............................................................................................30

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2.7.1 Printer configuration ............................................................................................... 30

2.8 Serial port ...................................................................................................................... 31
2.8.1 Comms menu......................................................................................................... 31
2.9 Card slot ........................................................................................................................ 33
2.10 Setting the time and date............................................................................................. 33
2.11 Setting the time zone................................................................................................... 34
2.12 Setting daylight savings time ....................................................................................... 34
2.13 Power saving features ................................................................................................. 35
2.13.1 Using the backlight ............................................................................................... 35
2.13.2 Display Saver ....................................................................................................... 35
2.13.3 Auto Power-off ..................................................................................................... 35
2.14 International features................................................................................................... 36
2.14.1 Setting the operating language ............................................................................ 36

3. The Acterna ANT-5 operating system.............................................................................. 37

3.1 Application launcher ...................................................................................................... 37
3.1.1 Switching to an ANT-5 system application ............................................................. 37
3.2 Using the file system and the File Manager................................................................... 37
3.2.1 Navigating the file system ...................................................................................... 38
3.2.2 Directories .............................................................................................................. 38
3.2.3 Specifying a filename ............................................................................................. 39
3.2.4 Valid filenames....................................................................................................... 39
3.2.5 Saving results......................................................................................................... 39
3.2.6 Formatting a card ................................................................................................... 40
3.2.7 Refreshing the displayed file list............................................................................. 40
3.2.8 CompactFlash Cards ............................................................................................. 40
3.3 Transferring files to a PC environment .......................................................................... 40
3.3.1 Transferring files from the ANT-5 to a PC using the serial port .............................. 40
3.3.2 File Transfer ........................................................................................................... 41
3.4 Available online help ..................................................................................................... 42

4. The SDH Access Tester application ................................................................................ 43

4.1 General screen layout ................................................................................................... 44
4.1.1 Moving around the screen...................................................................................... 44
4.1.2 Status bar............................................................................................................... 45
4.1.3 Function keys ......................................................................................................... 46

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4.2 Setup pages...................................................................................................................47

4.3 Measurement Selection .................................................................................................48
4.4 Signal Structure setup page...........................................................................................49
4.4.1 Hierarchy Setup Tx.................................................................................................50
4.4.2 Interface Setup Tx ..................................................................................................50
4.4.3 Virtual Container Setup Tx......................................................................................52
4.4.4 Channel Setup Tx...................................................................................................52
4.4.5 PDH Setup Tx.........................................................................................................53
4.4.6 Pattern Setup Tx.....................................................................................................53
4.4.7 Hierarchy Setup Rx ................................................................................................54
4.4.8 Interface Setup Rx ..................................................................................................54
4.4.9 Virtual Container Setup Rx .....................................................................................55
4.4.10 Channel Setup Rx ................................................................................................56
4.4.11 PDH Setup Rx ......................................................................................................56
4.4.12 Pattern Setup Rx ..................................................................................................56
4.4.13 Symmetrical Tx and Rx Settings...........................................................................57
4.5 Overhead Setup.............................................................................................................57
4.5.1 Transmitted Trace Identifiers ..................................................................................58
4.5.2 Trace Identifiers......................................................................................................58
4.5.3 Path Labels.............................................................................................................59
4.5.4 Tandem Connection Monitoring..............................................................................59
4.5.5 AU Pointer Value ....................................................................................................60
4.6 Measurement Timer Setup ............................................................................................60
4.7 Performance Analysis Setup..........................................................................................61
4.8 VC12 Tributary Scanning Setup ....................................................................................62
4.9 Results...........................................................................................................................63
4.10 Results Summary ........................................................................................................63
4.10.1 Clock Offset results ..............................................................................................63
4.11 Injection .......................................................................................................................64
4.11.1 Injection of Anomalies...........................................................................................65
4.11.2 Injection of Bursts errors.......................................................................................65
4.11.3 Injection of Code errors ........................................................................................66
4.11.4 Injection of Defects ...............................................................................................66
4.12 Performance Analysis Results .....................................................................................67

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4.12.1 Performance Analysis results display................................................................... 67

4.13 Anomalies and Defects results .................................................................................... 68
4.13.1 Defect Panel......................................................................................................... 68
4.13.2 Event Log ............................................................................................................. 69
4.13.3 Anomaly Count..................................................................................................... 69
4.13.4 Graphs ................................................................................................................. 69
4.14 Overhead Analysis and Injection ................................................................................. 71
4.14.1 Summary View ..................................................................................................... 72
4.14.2 Expert View .......................................................................................................... 72
4.15 TCM results summary ................................................................................................. 74
4.16 VC12 Tributary Scanning Results ............................................................................... 75
4.17 Repetitive BERT.......................................................................................................... 76
4.18 Automatic Protection Switching ................................................................................... 76
4.19 Pointer Analysis........................................................................................................... 77
4.20 Delay ........................................................................................................................... 78
4.21 Nx64 ............................................................................................................................ 78
4.22 STM-16 Functionality................................................................................................... 79
4.22.1 STM-16 G957 Optical transmitter and receiver .................................................... 79
4.22.2 Optical Power Measurement ................................................................................ 80
4.22.3 PECL NRZ STM monitor port............................................................................... 80
4.22.4 E1 Hi-Z input ........................................................................................................ 81
4.22.5 Testing PDH T1 Interfaces ................................................................................... 81
4.23 Saving and exporting results and setups..................................................................... 81
4.23.1 Exporting data to a spreadsheet using a storage card ......................................... 84
4.24 On-Screen LED Indicators........................................................................................... 84
4.25 User Preferences ........................................................................................................ 85
4.26 Installed options .......................................................................................................... 86

5. Optional software for the ANT-5....................................................................................... 87

5.1 Installing options............................................................................................................ 87
5.2 PDH Mux/DeMux........................................................................................................... 88
5.2.1 PDH Mux Tx........................................................................................................... 88
5.2.2 Sa Bit generation Tx............................................................................................... 88
5.2.3 Sa-bit monitoring .................................................................................................... 89
5.2.4 PDH DeMux Rx...................................................................................................... 89

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5.3 Concatenated Mapping..................................................................................................89

5.4 Remote Operation .........................................................................................................90
5.4.1 Software Installation and operation ........................................................................90
5.4.2 Exporting ................................................................................................................92
5.4.3 Printing ...................................................................................................................92
5.4.4 Remote Operation Troubleshooting........................................................................92
5.5 Remote Control..............................................................................................................93
5.6 SONET ..........................................................................................................................93
5.6.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................93
5.6.2 Hierarchy Setup......................................................................................................93
5.6.3 Synchronous Payload Envelope Setup ..................................................................94
5.6.4 Channel Setup........................................................................................................94
5.6.5 PDH Setup..............................................................................................................94
5.6.6 SONET LED Indicators...........................................................................................94
5.6.7 SONET information ................................................................................................95
5.7 SDH AU-3/SONET VT Mapping ....................................................................................97

6. Asynchronous Transfer Mode – ATM...............................................................................99

6.1 ATM Overview ...............................................................................................................99
6.1.1 The ATM Reference Model.....................................................................................99
6.2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................99
6.2.1 ATM Setup and Result tabs..................................................................................100
6.3 Configuring the Physical Layer ....................................................................................100
6.3.1 Virtual Container Setup Tx....................................................................................101
6.4 Configuring the ATM Layer ..........................................................................................101
6.4.1 The ATM structure................................................................................................102
6.4.2 ATM Header Tx ....................................................................................................102
6.4.3 ATM Service Contract Attributes Tx .....................................................................103
6.5 Configuring the Adaptation Layer ................................................................................103
6.5.1 ATM SDU Setup Tx ..............................................................................................103
6.6 Configuring Channel Explorer......................................................................................104
6.6.1 Enabling the Channel Explorer .............................................................................104
6.6.2 Configuring Explorer Channels.............................................................................104
6.7 ATM Setup Summary ..................................................................................................105
6.8 ATM Results ................................................................................................................105

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6.8.1 Results Summary ................................................................................................. 105

6.8.2 Injection of ATM Anomalies and Defects.............................................................. 106
6.8.3 ATM Cell Statistics ............................................................................................... 106
6.8.4 ATM Quality of Service......................................................................................... 107
6.8.5 Viewing Results from the Channel Explorer ......................................................... 108
6.9 ATM anomaly and defect results ................................................................................. 108
6.9.1 Defect Panel......................................................................................................... 108
6.9.2 Event Log ............................................................................................................. 109
6.9.3 Anomaly count ..................................................................................................... 109
6.9.4 Graphs ................................................................................................................. 109
6.10 ATM LED Indicators .................................................................................................. 110
6.11 Further reading.......................................................................................................... 110
6.12 ATM Reference ......................................................................................................... 110
6.12.1 PTI coding .......................................................................................................... 110

7. Troubleshooting .............................................................................................................. 111

7.1 Self-test failure ............................................................................................................ 111
7.1.1 BN 4565/01 Series ............................................................................................... 111
7.1.2 BN 4565/02 onwards............................................................................................ 111
7.2 No screen image ......................................................................................................... 111
7.3 No beep when the storage card is inserted ................................................................. 111
7.4 Screen dump fails........................................................................................................ 112
7.5 Errors caused by poor optical connections.................................................................. 112
7.6 Battery performance and conditioning......................................................................... 112
7.6.1 Battery conditioning.............................................................................................. 113
7.6.2 Replacing the ANT-5 battery pack ....................................................................... 113
7.7 Accessing test results if the unit has been powered down. ......................................... 114

8. Customer support ........................................................................................................... 115

8.1 Questions about Acterna products .............................................................................. 115
8.2 Customer Services ...................................................................................................... 115
8.3 Service procedure ....................................................................................................... 115
8.4 Version information and serial numbers ...................................................................... 115
8.5 Software loading.......................................................................................................... 116
8.5.1 Deleting software applications.............................................................................. 116

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9. Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information ...............................................117

9.1 General ........................................................................................................................117
9.2 External Power Supply.................................................................................................117
9.3 Environment.................................................................................................................118
9.4 Electrical and Mechanical ............................................................................................118
9.4.1 G703 Transmitters ................................................................................................118
9.4.2 G.703 Receivers...................................................................................................118
9.4.3 Protected Monitor Point ........................................................................................119
9.4.4 G.957 Optical Transmitter and Receiver...............................................................119
9.4.5 Optical Output and Input levels.............................................................................119
9.4.6 ECL NRZ monitor specifications...........................................................................120
9.4.7 PDH T1 Interface..................................................................................................120
9.4.8 External Clock ......................................................................................................120
9.5 Specification and features of the SDH Access Tester application ...............................120
9.5.1 SDH STM-1 Mappings – base software ...............................................................120
9.5.2 Timers...................................................................................................................120
9.5.3 Storage .................................................................................................................120
9.5.4 Test Patterns ........................................................................................................121
9.5.5 Defects and Anomalies Monitoring .......................................................................121
9.5.6 Defects and Anomalies Injection ..........................................................................121
9.5.7 Overhead Analysis and Injection ..........................................................................121
9.5.8 Performance Analysis...........................................................................................121
9.6 Optional Accessories ...................................................................................................121
9.6.1 Hardware options and order numbers ..................................................................122
9.6.2 Cables ..................................................................................................................122
9.6.3 PC Cards – BN4565/01 series..............................................................................122
9.6.4 CompactFlash Cards – BN 4565/02 onwards.......................................................122
9.6.5 T1 testing..............................................................................................................122
9.7 Ordering information ....................................................................................................122

10. Appendix B – Standards Compliance ..........................................................................125

10.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility....................................................................................125
10.2 Safety.........................................................................................................................125
10.3 R&TTE Directive ........................................................................................................125
10.4 EC Declaration of Conformity ....................................................................................126

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11. Appendix C – Serial port and adapter cables.............................................................. 127

11.1 Serial port .................................................................................................................. 127
11.2 Serial adapter cables................................................................................................. 127
11.3 Serial-to-parallel adapter cable.................................................................................. 128
11.4 RJ48 Connector ........................................................................................................ 129

12. Appendix D – SDH and PDH information..................................................................... 131

12.1 SDH structure for ANT-5 ........................................................................................... 131
12.2 SDH defect hierarchy ................................................................................................ 132
12.3 SDH Tributary Numbering ......................................................................................... 133
12.4 SDH Anomalies and Defects ..................................................................................... 133
12.5 PDH Anomalies and Defects ..................................................................................... 135
12.6 Comparison of SDH/SONET anomalies and defects ................................................ 137

13. Appendix E – Performance Analysis Options............................................................. 139

13.1 Analysis and Hierarchy Validity ................................................................................. 139
13.2 Summary of performance analysis standards ........................................................... 139
13.2.1 Recommendation G.821 .................................................................................... 139
13.2.2 Recommendation G.826 .................................................................................... 140
13.2.3 Recommendation G.828 .................................................................................... 140
13.2.4 Recommendation G.829 .................................................................................... 141
13.2.5 Recommendation M.2100 .................................................................................. 141
13.2.6 Recommendation M.2101 .................................................................................. 141

14. Appendix F - Remote Access ....................................................................................... 143

14.1 Remote Operation via a modem................................................................................ 143
14.1.1 Setting up the remote ANT-5.............................................................................. 143
14.1.2 Setting up a PC using Windows 98 .................................................................... 144
14.1.3 Setting up a PC using Windows NT ................................................................... 150
14.1.4 Setting up a PC using Windows 2000 ................................................................ 155
14.2 Remote Operation via Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)............................................................ 162
14.2.1 Setting up the remote ANT-5.............................................................................. 162
14.3 Keyboard equivalents................................................................................................ 163

15. Appendix G – Glossary & Acronyms ........................................................................... 165

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1. Introduction

1.1 Intended use

The Acterna ANT-5 SDH Access Tester is designed to provide all the test functions
required by engineers installing and maintaining SDH systems in the Access Network.
It can be fitted with the optical and electrical interfaces listed below.

It has independent transmitters & receivers for connection to the following interfaces:
SDH STM-1 electrical line interface
Optional STM-1 optical interfaces, 1310nm and/or 1550nm wavelengths
Optional STM-4 optical interfaces, 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths
Optional STM-16 optical interfaces, 1310nm and 1550nm wavelengths
PDH E4 electrical line interface, 140 Mbit/s
DS3 electrical line interface, 45 Mbit/s
E3 electrical line interface, 34 Mbit/s
E1 electrical line interface, 2048 kbit/s (balanced and unbalanced)
Optional T1 electrical line interface, 1544 kbit/s & ECL interface

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Introduction

Application software is included with the product to facilitate the measurement of

network transmission quality and the monitoring and injection of anomalies and
defects.

The product may on occasions be used on a working public network and is designed
to be used by a skilled person, usually a technician, who is aware of the precautions
necessary when using measuring instruments. The product is intended only for
connection to circuits carrying Safety Extra Low Voltages (SELV).

1.2 Features of the SDH Access Tester application software

The SDH Access Tester application software provides a complete set of test functions
for engineers who install and maintain SDH and PDH systems. Performance analysis
is a key feature during the commissioning process, and the anomalies and defects of
the system can be measured and recorded. The application has the following features:
• Bit error rate testing including anomaly & defect analysis, injection.
• Performance analysis: G.826 (ISM), G.826 (OOS), G.821, G.828, G.829, M.2100,
M.2101 & ANSI
• Overhead testing including path tracing and injection
• Results printing and export (to PC)

Optional software for the ANT-5 is discussed in section 5. For more information on
purchasing any of these specific features please contact the nearest Regional Sales
Office as listed on the back of the manual.

1.3 Acterna ANT-5 Software version summary

Software Version Base Software Optional Software

08.00… G.828 and G.829 performance ATM

analysis Sa bit monitoring
Inline monitoring (requires PDH Mux option)

07.00… E1 Code Error generation and AU3 & VT* Mappings

measurement (*requires SONET option)
Alarm burst error generation and
detection

06.00… Clock offset SONET

05.00… AU Pointer Value – SS bit monitoring PDH Mux/DeMux

Tributary Scanning (inc Sa bit generation)
Nx64 VC4-4c Mapping
FTP functionality Remote Operation
User Preferences Remote Control

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Software Version Base Software Optional Software

04.00… Repetitive BERT

APS Measurement
Pointer Analysis
Round Trip Delay

03.00… Tandem Connection Monitoring

M2101 performance analysis

1.4 Acterna ANT-5 Hardware version summary

This manual refers to three types of hardware that are differentiated as follows:

Version Description

BN4565/03 STM-16 units. A T1 and ECL interface are located on the right
(label on reverse) side of the unit. Included in this build is optical power
measurement functionality, NRZ STM monitor port, E1 Hi-Z input
and a PDH T1 Interface. See section 1.7 and 4.22 for further
details.

BN4565/02 A CompactFlash card slot is situated on the right of the unit. See
(label on reverse) section 1.6 for further details.

BN4565/01 A PC Card slot situated on the left of the unit. See section 1.5 for
further details.

1.5 Physical layout and connectors – BN4565/01

The ANT-5 has the following external connectors at the rear and side:

STM-n FC/PC 1310nm Optical Tx and Rx connectors for STM-1 or

Optical Tx, Rx and/or 1550nm STM-4
Note: The optical interfaces are optional.

STM-1, E4, DS3, E3 BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical Tx and Rx connectors

Electrical Tx, Rx nickel plated for STM-1 and higher-order PDH payloads

E1 BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical Tx and Rx connectors

Tx, Rx nickel plated for E1 PDH payload

E1 RJ48, 8-wire Balanced 120Ω electrical connector for E1

(6 wires used) PDH payload

Ext Clk input BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical clock input for Tx at
nickel plated 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz

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V24 D type 9-way Serial port connector

Male

12V DC power 2.5mm 12V Power supply input. For use with type
PPS-1 only

ANT-5 Serial port 12V DC Attachment

Rear view connector Ext power point
connector

Optical BNC Ext. clock

connectors connectors connector

ANT-5
Side view

RJ48 connector

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When the application is set up to use a Tx or Rx interface, an LED adjacent to the

appropriate external connector will be illuminated. If an Rx interface has been
selected, but has no signal detected by the application, its LED will flash.

1.6 Physical layout and connectors – BN 4565/02

The ANT-5 has the following external connectors at the rear and side:

STM-n FC/PC 1310nm Optical Tx and Rx connectors for STM-1 or

Optical Tx, Rx and/or 1550nm STM-4
Note: The optical interfaces are optional.

STM-1, E4, DS3, E3 BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical Tx and Rx connectors

Electrical Tx, Rx nickel plated for STM-1 and higher-order PDH payloads

E1 BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical Tx and Rx connectors

Tx, Rx nickel plated for E1 PDH payload

E1 RJ48, 8-wire Balanced 120Ω electrical connector for E1

(6 wires used) PDH payload

Ext Clk input BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical clock input for Tx at
nickel plated 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz

COM 1 D type 9-way V.24 serial port

RS232C Male

19V DC power 2.1mm 19V Power supply input. For use with type
3A PPS-2 only

<…> RJ45 10 base T – TCP/IP Ethernet port

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1.7 Physical layout and connectors – BN 4565/03

The ANT-5 has the following external connectors at the rear and side:

STM-n FC/PC 1310nm Tx and Rx connectors for STM-1, STM-4 or

Optical Tx, Rx and/or 1550nm STM-16.
Note: The optical interfaces are optional.

STM-1, E4, DS3, E3 BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical Tx and Rx connectors

Electrical Tx, Rx nickel plated for STM-1 and higher-order PDH payloads

E1 BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical Tx and Rx connectors

Tx, Rx nickel plated for E1 PDH payload

E1 RJ48, 8-wire Balanced 120Ω electrical connector for E1

(6 wires used) PDH payload

T1 Bantam, 100Ω Balanced electrical Tx and Rx connectors for

Tx, Rx T1 (1.544 Mbps) PDH payload

STM-n SMA, NRZ ECL input

Rx

Ext Clk input BNC, 75Ω, Unbalanced electrical clock input for Tx at
nickel plated 2048 kbit/s or 2048 kHz

COM 1 D type 9-way V.24 serial port

RS232C Male

19V DC power 2.1mm 19V Power supply input. For use with type
3A PPS-2 only

<…> RJ45 10 base T – TCP/IP Ethernet port

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Introduction

ANT-5
Right-side view ECL input

CompactFlash Serial port T1

slot connector Connectors

Note: For reliable operation we recommend only using Acterna cables (e.g. K168,169)
WARNING: Section 1.8, Safety instructions, should be read before connecting
cables to the ANT-5.
Note 1: Optical connectors, where fitted, are provided with dust caps which should be
used whenever an optical lead is not connected.
Note 2: Care must be taken not to connect a long-haul (high power) transmitter
directly to the receiver, since this can overload or even damage some receiver
modules. By connecting an external optical attenuator (as supplied) this restriction can
be overcome.

1.8 Safety instructions

To ensure that the ANT-5 is maintained in perfect condition and that it operates safely
at all times, the instructions which follow should be read and observed.

1.8.1 Correct usage

The ANT-5 should only be used for the purpose and under the conditions for which it
is intended. Operation outside these conditions may be dangerous or may damage the
instrument. Refer to Section 1.1, Intended use, and Appendix A – Specifications
and ordering information for further details.

1.8.2 Connection to test circuits carrying dangerous voltages

WARNING: Dangerous voltages may be present on telecom circuits. Do not use

in lightning storms.

Telephone lines can have potentially dangerous voltages. Care should be taken when
connecting measuring leads to the line and to the ANT-5, and the instrument should

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not be used in hazardous situations such as lightning storms. It is intended to be used

for temporary connections only.

The BNC, bantam and RJ connectors must be connected to Safe Extra Low Voltage
(SELV) circuits only and must not be connected to any circuit carrying dangerous
voltages.

1.8.3 Laser safety

The following only applies if optical interfaces are fitted:

WARNING: Class 1 Laser Product.

Optical radiation with wavelengths of 1310nm and/or 1550nm is present at the optical
connectors. Each interface is active if the yellow LED next to the connector is on. The
laser warning icon, , is also displayed with a yellow background when the ANT-5
laser source is active. Maintenance and repair work on the laser sources should only
be carried out by qualified service operatives familiar with the risks involved.

WARNING: Invisible laser radiation.

Laser light can cause irreparable damage to the eyes, particularly to the retina.
• To deactivate the ANT-5 laser source (Tx), clear the Laser On checkbox in the
Interface Setup Tx panel. See Section 4.4.2 for further details.
• Never look directly into the generator outputs or the connector end surfaces of the
connected cables (free ends) if the laser sources are activated.
• Never use a microscope to check generator outputs if laser sources are activated.
• Do not activate laser sources until all measurement connections have been made.

1.8.4 Cleaning optical connectors

To maintain error-free operation, the ANT-5 optical connectors should be regularly

cleaned using a pressurised optical duster which is intended for the purpose. The
optical connectors are provided with dust caps which should always be used when an
optical patch lead is not connected.

Patch lead connectors should also be cleaned by an approved method, such as a

pressurised optical duster or a cassette-type cleaner, according to the manufacturer’s
instructions. Dust caps should be fitted to the patch leads when they are not in use.

1.8.5 Optical attenuators

WARNING: Equipment Damage

Care must be taken not to connect a long-haul (high power) transmitter directly to the
receiver, since this can overload or even damage some receiver modules. By
connecting an external optical attenuator this restriction can be overcome.

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1.8.6 Faults and damage

If it is considered that the instrument can no longer operate safely, it should be taken
out of service, labelled with the fault condition and secured against unintentional use.
The following are situations where this may be the case:
• if the instrument shows visible signs of damage
• if the instrument no longer operates correctly
• if the instrument has been subjected to any stresses (such as storage and
transport) where the permitted range limits were exceeded.
If the rechargeable battery pack develops a fault it can be replaced locally in an
appropriately equipped workshop. See Section 7.6.2, Replacing the ANT-5 battery
pack, for further details.

With the exception of the battery pack, there are no user serviceable parts in the
ANT-5 or its accessories. Do not attempt to open the case of the instrument – any
attempt to do so will invalidate the warranty.

If maintenance or repair of the instrument is required, contact the nearest Acterna

Sales Office or Technical Assistance Centre. For locality information visit our web site,
www.acterna.com, or contact the nearest Regional Sales Office as listed on the back
of the manual.

Refer to Section 8, Customer support for further details.

1.8.7 General cleaning

The outer surfaces and bumpers of the ANT-5 may be cleaned with a cloth slightly
dampened with water or a mild detergent. Abrasives and solvents must not be used,
as they will damage the finish and may remove the labelling.

Switch off and disconnect all cables before cleaning and do not allow water or any
other substance to enter the instrument through the keyboard, connectors or card slot
locations.

1.9 Power supplies

The ANT-5 is supplied with a built-in NiMH rechargeable battery, a PPS external
power supply and a mains cable. The power supply is connected to the ANT-5 via an
integral cable and jack socket.

The external power supply acts as a charger unit when the instrument is switched off.
When external power is connected, the battery LED, , above the screen will be
green. See Section 2.5, LED and on-screen indicators, for further details.

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WARNING: The ANT-5 must only be operated from its internal battery or from
the included PPS power supply. Ensure that the correct power supply is
connected to the appropriate ANT-5. Refer to section 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 for further
details.

1.9.1 Battery charging

The internal NiMH battery is charged automatically when the instrument is connected
to a live external power supply. An adequate charge will be reached within 3 hours if
the instrument remains switched off whilst charging. It will automatically switch to a
trickle charge mode when fully charged or when the instrument is switched on.

Note: If the temperature of the operating environment is too high, the instrument will
automatically select trickle charge mode to avoid overheating.

Before the instrument is used for the first time it is recommended that the battery is
conditioned by running through two full discharge/recharge cycles as described in
Section 7.6.1, Battery conditioning. This procedure will also establish the initial
conditions for the battery charge indicator.

1.9.2 Low battery

When no external power supply is connected and the battery charge is getting low, the
battery LED, , above the screen will come on as a steady red light and the
instrument will emit an audible warning. As the battery gets very low the battery LED
will start to flash and further audible warnings will be emitted. An external power
supply should now be connected as the instrument will switch itself off approximately
90 seconds after the battery LED starts to flash.

1.9.3 Displaying the battery charge indicator

An on-screen display showing battery charge level is activated by selecting Battery

Level from the Tools menu. This display can be cancelled by pressing the Esc key.

Note: If the Battery Level indicator shows the warning ‘Reading may be inaccurate’,
the battery conditioning procedure described in Section 7.6.1 should be followed.

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2. Getting started

2.1 Switching on and off

The ANT-5 can be switched on in two ways – either manually, by pressing the On key,
or remotely by using a modem or computer to apply a Ring Indicator (RI) signal to the
serial port. See Appendix C – Serial port and adapter cables.

In normal use the ANT-5 should be switched off by briefly pressing and releasing the
Off key. This allows the power-down sequence to be controlled by the ANT-5 system
software, which will ask the user to confirm or cancel the power-down if a test is
running.

Note: For ease of use it is not necessary to close applications before switching the
unit off.

In exceptional circumstances only, for example if there is an instrument malfunction,

the ANT-5 can be forced to switch off without software control by holding the Off key
down for more than 6 seconds. It can then be switched back on normally.

2.2 Start up screens

When the instrument is switched on, the ANT-5 self-test software runs automatically
and the start-up logo is displayed on the screen. After this, the screen briefly displays
information about system version numbers and the ANT-5 hardware.

Note: During the start-up process, clicking noises will be made by relays inside the
instrument. This is a design feature and is part of the normal start-up.

Once the self-test is completed the

application launcher screen will be
displayed with the SDH Access Tester
application represented by the ANT-5
icon as shown.

To launch the application, highlight

the ANT-5 item and press the Enter
key. A screen with version information
will be displayed whilst the instrument
recovers its previous configuration
from non-volatile memory and sets up
its measurement hardware. This will
be replaced by the Signal Structure
setup page when the application is ready for use.
For further information on configuring and running the application, See Section 4, The
SDH Access Tester application.

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2.3 Menus
The operating characteristics of the
ANT-5 are controlled by sets of
hierarchical menus which can be
displayed or hidden by pressing
Alt+Menu (press Menu whist holding
down the Alt key). The highest level
of the menu structure is represented
by a bar at the top of the screen with
one choice highlighted. The System
menu is shown here as an example.

Lower levels in the menu structure are

displayed as cascaded lists which
appear beside their parent menus.

Use the direction keys to move the highlight around each menu and then press Enter
to either select an item or to display the next menu level in a similar way. Press Esc to
close the current menu and move up one level.

When the setup menus are hidden and then displayed again, the same level will be
shown if it is valid to do so. If a test is running, the application will not update the
displayed backdrop while a menu is displayed in the foreground.

2.4 Message boxes

Message boxes pop-up in front of any other screen contents in the middle of the
screen and are used to verify certain actions by the user. The message box contains
labelled buttons which should be ‘pressed’ to carry out the action (use the directional
keys to highlight the appropriate button and then press the Enter key to operate it).

The box will remain on the screen until a key associated with one of the buttons is
pressed or until one of the default keys Enter or Esc is pressed. Enter is used to
accept the highlighted choice and Esc is used to cancel the message box without
accepting any choice.

2.5 LED and on-screen indicators

The top portion of the screen is used by the tester application to simulate LED
indicators on-screen in order to display information which is relevant to the current
setup of the application. The behaviour of the on-screen LEDs can be set to be
latching or non-latching in the LEDs section of the System menu, which can be
displayed by pressing the Alt + Menu key at any time. For further details See Section
4.24, On-Screen LED Indicators.

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The four LEDs above the screen are used for general status information as follows:

Alarm LED The non-latching Alarm and Signal LEDs are used by the
tester application to summarise the test status, even if the
Signal LED
screen has been blanked to save power.
The Signal LED will be green if there are no alarms or errors
to display on the on-screen LEDs. In this case the Alarm
LED will not be lit.
The Alarm LED will be red if one or more on-screen LEDs
are shown in red to indicate alarm or error conditions. In this
case the Signal LED will not be lit.
Screen LED Steady green indicates that the screen has been blanked to
save battery power. Press any key to restore the screen.
See Section 2.13, Power saving features.

Battery LED Green indicates that the ANT-5 is connected to an external

power supply. Flashing green indicates fast charge; steady
green indicates trickle charge.
Red indicates that the battery charge is low and an external
power supply should be connected as soon as possible.

2.6 Using the keyboard

Esc ABC DEF

Del
1 2 3 i
GHI JKL MNO

A 4 5 6
B PQRS TUV WXYZ
C 7 8 9
SPACE
0 #

Alt On Off Menu

On, Off keys Turn the ANT-5 on and off.

On Off

Beeper / Turn the beeper on or off when the SDH Access

Contrast key Tester application is running (for audible notification
when defects and anomalies are detected).

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Alt
Alt+ Beeper / Press with the Alt key held down to display a scale
+ Contrast key for adjusting the screen contrast.

Menu
Application Displays the application menu, or turns off the menu
Menu key if the menu is already displayed.

Alt
System Displays the system menu, or turns off the menu if
+ Menu key the menu is already displayed.
Menu

Directional The directional keys are used for moving around

keys screens and setup menus.

Enter key Accept the current selection or operation.

i Information Display some basic help or system information on the

key screen. Clear this by pressing the Enter or Esc keys.

Del Delete key Delete text (backspace).

Function keys The function keys are used by the tester application.
Active keys are labelled at the bottom of the screen.

Esc Escape key Cancel the current selection or operation.

Alt
Alt+Escape Use Alt+Esc to switch between applications. See
+ Section 3.1.1, Switching .
Esc

A ABC key The ABC key gives access to the alphabetic

B characters on the number keys. Press once to toggle
C
between the modes.
ABC
Alphanumeric Multipurpose telephone-style keypad. Refer to
2
keypad Section 2.6.4, Using the alphanumeric keypad.

Alt
Alt key Extends the functions of the standard keys (see
above).

Alt
Alt+Hash Use Alt+Hash to save the current screen in a file or
+ send it to a printer on the serial port, depending on
# the Screen Dump setting in the Printer section of
the System menu.
Backlight key Toggle the backlight between high and low level.

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2.6.1 Adjusting the screen contrast

To adjust the screen contrast, press the Beeper/Contrast key whilst holding
the Alt key down.

The contrast is increased or decreased using the directional keys. A scale will be
displayed on the screen which reflects the contrast level. To remove the scale from
the screen, press the Enter key to accept the new setting or the Esc key to cancel it.

The ANT-5 will continue to operate during contrast adjustment but will not receive any
keypad input until the adjustment is completed.

2.6.2 Switching the beeper on or off

The ANT-5 has an internal beeper which can be used to provide an audible
notification when defects and anomalies are detected. When the SDH
Access Tester application is running, this feature can be turned on or off by
pressing the Beeper/Contrast key.

2.6.3 Function keys

The six unmarked keys at the top of the keyboard are function keys which
can be used in different ways by applications. Labels will appear along the
bottom edge of the screen to show that a function key is active and to
indicate its purpose.

2.6.4 Using the alphanumeric keypad

The alphanumeric keypad is normally used for entering numbers in setup menus but it
can also be used for entering alphabetic and special characters. Entry boxes generally
have a character on their right hand side to indicate that a specific type of data is
expected, such as a ‘b’ for binary, ‘d’ for decimal or ‘h’ for hexadecimal.

The ABC key is used to enter and leave the extended alphabetic mode, in A
which strings of alphanumeric and special characters can be entered by B
C
using repeated key presses punctuated by short pauses. The current mode
is indicated in non-specific data entry boxes by an ‘A’ or a ‘1’.

Each key has a set of characters associated with it, and the sequence will repeat in a
cycle until either a different key is pressed or a pause of one second occurs.

For example, repeatedly pressing the 9 key will display the sequence W-X-Y-Z-9-W-X-
Y… until there is a pause or another key is pressed. The last character will then be
accepted and the screen cursor will advance to allow entry of another character. To
switch between upper and lower case letters, hold any letter key down for one second
or more. Use the Del key to backspace over any mis-typed characters.

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The and # keys on either side of the 0 key are used for entering non-
alphanumeric characters. The sequence for the # key includes the following
characters: - # + ! , : ” ’ & ( ). The 0 key can be used to enter space characters.

2.6.5 Changing the keypad settings

Keypad settings such as the length of

the Alpha Delay pause can be
changed in the Keypad section of the
Preferences menu.

2.7 Printing the current screen

The current screen can be saved in a file or sent to a printer on the serial port by
pressing the # key whilst holding down the Alt key. The Screen Dump feature can
be turned off or directed to either a file or the printer in the Printer section of the
System menu.

The ANT-5 will sound a series of beeps when the screen has been saved or printed. If
the screen is being saved in a file, it is particularly important not to remove the card
before these beeps have indicated the end of the process.

2.7.1 Printer configuration

The Printer section of the System

menu allows the selection of the
current printer driver and the current
printer port, which can be set up for
printing to the serial port or to a file.
The parameters for each printer
driver, such as paper size, custom
paper dimensions and unprintable
area, can also be set.

A test page facility is provided to

ensure that a printer is correctly set
up. The test page contains
information about the current printer
set up such as the driver name, printer port settings and paper dimensions. The test

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page also has a rectangular border that delimits the printable extent of the paper. This
can be used to ensure that the paper size and unprintable area are correct. If the
border is truncated (i.e. a complete rectangle is not visible) then the unprintable area
may be set too small or the paper size too large. Conversely, if the border is too far
from the edge of the paper then the unprintable area may be set too large or the paper
size too small.

Note: The SDH Access Tester application also uses the Menu key to provide a drop
down facility which can be used to print a comprehensive results and setup report via
the serial port (See Section 4.23). To use this feature successfully, it is important to
have the correct Printer Driver and Serial Port settings rather than relying on the
simple test data mentioned in Sections 2.7.1 and 2.8.

2.8 Serial port

The ANT-5 can be connected to a
printer, modem or PC via the 9-way,
male, D-type connector. The
configuration of the serial port
parameters such as baud rate, parity
and stop bits can be set in the Serial
Port section of the System menu.

A facility to send an ASCII test pattern

to the serial port is provided as an aid
to setting up peripherals. This is
particularly useful for setting up the
serial connection for a printer since
most printers will print ASCII text sent
to them.

See Appendix C – Serial port and adapter cables for a diagram of the serial port.

2.8.1 Comms menu

A remote operation option is available for ANT-5, (See Section 5.4), enabling the unit
to be operated remotely from a Windows PC. This can be via the telephone network
using modems to the V.24 port or over Ethernet.

Note: BN4565/01 units will require an external Ethernet PC Card. Only 3COM 589
chip-set PC cards are supported, model numbers 3CCE589EC and 3CCE589ET.

An internal Ethernet port is fitted from BN 4565/02 onwards, care should be taken not
to confuse the E1 120Ω (RJ48) and the Ethernet port -> (RJ45).

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BN4565/01 units

For Ethernet operation your IT

department will need to assign the
Subnet Mask, Gateway and a unique
static IP Address for the MAC
address of the Ethernet Card since
the ANT-5 does not support DHCP.

Highlight the appropriate line and

press the Enter key to edit the
address as required.

BN 4565/02 onwards

The greyed out MAC Address of the

built-in Ethernet port is shown in this
graphic. Your IT department will need
to know this when assigning the IP
address.

For PPP operation the ANT-5 acts as

the server and is responsible for
assigning IP addresses, conversely
the PC acts as the slave.

The Peer IP Address is the address

the ANT-5 assigns the remotely
connected PC for that PPP interface,
and as such is the address of the PC
from the ANT-5.

The Local IP Address is the address

of the ANT-5 from the PC.

These addresses can be edited in the

same way as above.

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Note1: The Comms menu contains a baud rate setting which should not be confused
with the baud rate setting of the serial port. This should be set up in the Serial Port
section of the System menu.
Note 2: When typing in the ANT-5 IP address into a PC environment care should be
taken to avoid any leading zeros. For example 141.169.126.076 would be replaced
with 141.169.126.76. However, all twelve characters are needed for the ANT-5.
Note 3: Edited IP addresses will be available after the ANT-5 has been re-booted.

2.9 Card slot

The ANT-5 is fitted with either a single, standard PC Card slot (BN4565/01) which is
on the left side, adjacent to the screen, or a CompactFlash card slot (BN 4565/02
onwards) situated on the right side. These are used for storing set-ups and results. PC
Cards can be formatted in the ANT-5. See Section 3.2.6 for further details.

The cards should be inserted with the label side uppermost. Press into the slot until
firmly located. The ANT-5 will beep to indicate it has recognised the card. If no beep is
heard refer to section 7.3.

Ethernet cards can be used in the PC Card slot to enable remote access. See Section
2.8.1 for further details.

2.10 Setting the time and date

The current time and date can be set
in the Time & Date section of the
System menu.

After setting the time or date, power

off and on the instrument. Verify that
the time and date have changed.

Note: The time or date should not be

changed when a measurement is
running, since this will invalidate the
results.

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2.11 Setting the time zone

The time zone can be set in the
International section of the
Preferences menu.

Be sure to change the time zone when

you move the instrument across time
zones. Changing the time zone
automatically changes the time and
date.

After changing the time zone, power off

and on the instrument. Verify that the
time and date have changed.

2.12 Setting daylight savings time

The daylight savings time indicator can
be set in the International section of
the Preferences menu.

When you mark the Daylight Saving

checkbox, the instrument automatically
adds one hour to the current time.
When you clear the Daylight Saving
checkbox, the instrument automatically
subtracts one hour from the current
time.

After making a setting for daylight

savings, power off and on the instrument. Verify that the time has changed.

Note: The instrument does not automatically adjust the time for daylight savings. You
must set or clear this checkbox manually.

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2.13 Power saving features

The power saving features can be set
up in the Power Saving section of the
Preferences menu.

These take effect when the instrument

has been idle for a set period of time
with no keyboard activity.

2.13.1 Using the backlight

The screen has a backlight which can be switched between high and low
level by pressing the Backlight key. Use the low level to save battery power.

2.13.2 Display Saver

When the Display Saver is selected, the screen will turn off after a set period of
keyboard inactivity in order to save battery power. When this happens the screen LED
( ) will come on to indicate that the screen has been blanked. The full screen
display can be restored by pressing any key.

The time delay before blanking occurs can be set up in the Power Saving section of
the Preferences menu.

This section can also be used to set up the ANT-5 to restore the screen automatically
when there is a change in the status of the on-screen simulated LEDs. The behaviour
of these LEDs is controlled by the current tester application.

2.13.3 Auto Power-off

When Auto Power-off is selected, the ANT-5 will switch itself off after a set period of
keyboard inactivity in order to save battery power. The time delay before this occurs
can be set up in the Power Saving section of the Preferences menu.

The ANT-5 will not switch itself off if a test is running. However, if the unit is
accidentally switched off, or there is no power left in the battery, results will be saved
in the internal: device of the File Manager. These will be saved as AUTO files, with
suffixes of .A5R, the time and date will also be present so that the results are easily
identified.

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2.14 International features

The International section of the
Preferences menu can be used to
select various international features
including the preferred operating
language.

2.14.1 Setting the operating language

Select the appropriate language from those listed in the

Language section and press the Enter key.

Note: The ANT-5 operating system will need to be re-started before this change can
take effect. This requires turning the instrument off and then turning it on again.

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3. The Acterna ANT-5 operating system

3.1 Application launcher

The ANT-5 can have one or more software applications loaded, each of which will
have independent control over the configuration of the measurement hardware and its
own results collection, storage and presentation. The available applications are shown
as icons on the application launcher screen with the name of each application shown
below the icons.

A typical application launcher screen

is shown here with the ANT-5 SDH
Access Tester application
represented by the ANT-5 icon.

To launch an application, use the

direction keys to highlight the name of
the application and then press Enter.
The application will be launched with
its last used configuration and the
application launcher screen will be
replaced by an application-specific
screen which will make use of the
whole screen area.

On terminating an application, the application launcher screen will be displayed again.

3.1.1 Switching to an ANT-5 system application

The file manager and application launcher are system applications which can be
displayed at any time, without closing the SDH Access Tester application, by pressing
Alt+Esc (press Esc whilst holding the Alt key down). This can be useful for changing
the ANT-5 setup parameters without interrupting a test.

Pressing Alt+Esc repeatedly will switch between the ANT-5 system and the tester
application in turn.

If a system application is using the screen whilst the tester application is running, the
tester application will continue to run in the background and will accumulate test
results as normal. In this state the test application will maintain its control of the Alarm
and Signal LEDs ( and ) and may also be able to maintain the on-screen
simulated LEDs (this will depend on the particular system application being displayed).

3.2 Using the file system and the File Manager

The ANT-5 provides an MS-DOS compatible file system with a hierarchical directory
structure which uses either a PC Card or a CompactFlash card as its storage medium.

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The File Manager utility is provided to

allow viewing of the contents of the
storage card. This utility will also allow
common housekeeping operations
such as formatting cards and copying,
deleting and renaming files.

To run the File Manager utility, press

Alt + Menu and select File Manager
from the Tools menu. To perform an
operation on an object, highlight its
name using the directional keys and
then press Menu to display a list of
valid operations.

3.2.1 Navigating the file system

When the user first enters the file

system browser, and there is a
formatted card inserted in the slot, the
screen shown here will be displayed.
A message will be displayed if no
storage device is available or no card
is inserted.

To browse the contents of the storage

card, move the highlight to the device
named “card:” and press the Enter
key or right directional key. The
contents of the root directory of the
card will then be displayed.

Note: The “internal:” device is the internal RAM storage. In normal circumstances the
ANT-5 operating system copies the data stored in this area into non-volatile memory
during its power-down sequence. Data may be lost from this device in exceptional
circumstances when the power-down is not controlled by the operating system, for
example if the ANT-5 is switched off by holding the Off key down for more than 6
seconds.

3.2.2 Directories

The File Manager in… message at the top of the screen shows the current position in
the directory structure. To display the contents of a subdirectory, position the highlight
over the directory name and press the Enter key or right directional key.

To move back to a higher directory, press the left directional key or position the
highlight over the <back one> entry and press the Enter key; the contents of the
parent directory will then be displayed.

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To create a new directory, press Menu to display the File Manager menu then select
Create directory from the File section.

3.2.3 Specifying a filename

At various times the user may be required to specify a filename. Typically this will be
for saving and retrieving data to and from the card.

When saving a file, the directory structure is displayed and navigated in the same way
as in the File Manager utility (See Section 3.2.2, Directories). Before saving a file in a
directory, the directory must have already been created.

To save a file using an existing filename, highlight the required file and press Enter.

To save a file using a new filename position the highlight over the <new file> entry,
press the Enter key and enter the new filename.

3.2.4 Valid filenames

Valid filenames can have up to 8 letters or numbers in their name. They can also
contain a file extension of up to 3 letters, which usually indicates the type of the file.
The extension is separated from the first part of the name by a dot. Filenames are
always displayed in upper case characters. The following are examples of valid
filenames:
ABC123
RESULTS1
TEST1.DAT

Note: The ANT-5 does not support long filenames. If a card containing files with long
filenames is inserted into the ANT-5, the long filenames may be lost.

3.2.5 Saving results

A FIFO (First-In, First-Out) buffer is used to manage automatically saved files. Results
from the last run test are saved as AUTO1.A5R in the internal: device of the file
manager when the key is pressed. Only three files can be saved AUTO1,
AUTO2 and AUTO3, consequently the next time a file is saved as AUTO1, the
previous AUTO1 is renamed AUTO2, etc and file AUTO3 is discarded. Therefore, we
recommend that important files are copied or renamed.

1. Select file manager (Press Alt + Menu and select Tools > File Manager),

2. Press enter to access the internal: files

3. Select the appropriate AUTO file

4. Press the Menu key and select File to Copy or Rename the file.

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3.2.6 Formatting a card

WARNING: Formatting the card will erase all data stored on it.

To format a card, insert an appropriate card and run the File Manager utility. If the
card has already been formatted it should appear as a device named “card:”. To
examine the contents of the card prior to formatting, move the highlight to this device
and press the Enter key or right directional key.

Use the Menu key to display the File Manager menu, then
select Format (PC) Card from the Tools section. A warning
message will be displayed to request confirmation before the
data stored on the card is erased. ‘Press’ the OK button to
proceed.

3.2.7 Refreshing the displayed file list

The File Manager automatically

updates the displayed file list when a
card is inserted or removed.

The ANT-5 can be forced to re-read

the card contents by selecting
Refresh from the File Manager Tools
menu. This can be useful, for
example, if the contents of the card
have been changed by another
application.

3.2.8 CompactFlash Cards

CompactFlash Cards can be read using a compatible CompactFlash card reader.

Alternatively, (where the PC’s IDE Controllers allow) files can be transferred from the
ANT-5 to a PC, by placing the CompactFlash card into a CompactFlash card adapter,
for example. The contents of the card can then be read using a PCMCIA (PC Card)
compatible device.

3.3 Transferring files to a PC environment

3.3.1 Transferring files from the ANT-5 to a PC using the serial port

(See also 4.23.1, Exporting data to a spreadsheet).

The File Manager can be used to transfer data files from the ANT-5 to a PC using the
serial port. The following example assumes that Windows HyperTerminal and the
COM1 port are available for use on the PC:

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1. Connect an appropriate serial cable, such as K1524 or K1619, from the ANT-5 to
the COM1 port on the PC/Laptop

2. Switch on the ANT-5 and make a note of the Serial Port settings from the System
menu.

3. Run Windows HyperTerminal on the PC and choose a name for the connection.

4. Use HyperTerminal to establish a connection by selecting Direct to Com1.

5. When the COM1 properties appear in the HyperTerminal window, choose port
settings to emulate those on the ANT-5 and set the flow control to Xon/Xoff.

6. In the HyperTerminal window click on Transfer, and then Capture Text. Give the
file a name, and click on Start.

7. Open the ANT-5 File Manager and highlight the file to be transmitted.

8. Press the ANT-5 Menu key and select Transmit… from the File menu. A dialog
box will appear on the ANT-5 screen confirming the transfer and the
HyperTerminal screen will fill with data.

9. To stop the capture click on Transfer in the HyperTerminal window, followed by

Capture Text and then Stop.

Note: It is also possible to send a test pattern by selecting Send Test Pattern under
the Serial Port item in the ANT-5 System menu.

3.3.2 File Transfer

Assuming the ANT-5 is connected to

a network, users are able to transfer
files between the PC and an ANT-5
using either a command line FTP
client or via a graphical FTP with
programs such as Internet Explorer.
Refer to section 2.8.1 for information
on communications configuration.

In this example two sessions of

Internet Explorer have been opened
to transfer files between two ANT-5’s,
by typing in the command ftp://
followed by the relevant IP addresses
of the ANT-5.

Tip: Master configuration files for an ANT-5 can be simply copied to other units by
transferring the .A5C files.

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3.4 Available online help

The ANT-5 includes electronic documentation to facilitate testing and interpreting test results.
All documentation is available from the Help menu. To access the Help menu, press Menu on
the keypad.

Help > About Select this option to view version information.

Help > Select this option to view definitions of test results.

Glossary

Help > SDH Select this option to view a schematic of the SDH physical layer.
Structure

Help > SONET Select this option to view a schematic of the SONET physical
Structure layer.

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4. The SDH Access Tester application

The SDH Access Tester application has two viewing modes called the Setup and
Result views. Each viewing mode has a number of tabbed pages associated with it as
shown in the table below.

Note: The tabbed pages for Performance Analysis, Repetitive BERT, APS, Delay and
Tributary Scan will only become available if the measurement is selected from the
Measurement Selection panel. See section 4.3 for further details.

Tabbed Setup pages

Signal Structure page Measurement Timer Setup

Measurement Selection Performance Analysis Setup

Overhead Setup Tributary Scanning Setup

Tabbed Result pages

Results Summary page Repetitive BERT page

Injection page APS page

Performance Analysis results Pointer Analysis page

Anomalies and Defects page Round Trip Delay page

Overhead Analysis page Tributary Scanning results

TCM results page Sa bit sequence results

(requires PDH Mux option)

Table 1 – Tabbed pages for Setup and Result views

Each page can be accessed by using the directional keys to highlight its page tab.

Setup view allows the user to set up the interface and test parameters. If a test is not
running, the settings can be easily changed by moving around the screen with the
directional keys and selecting items with the Enter key. If a test is currently running
the setup pages can be viewed but not changed.

Results view allows the user to view the test results as a test is running or after it has
been stopped. Results view also provides facilities for injecting anomalies and defects
and selecting different displays of test results.

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Some of the Results view pages are split into two halves. The left half of these pages
are used for displaying results and the right half is used for setting the various test
parameters.

Note: The results of a test are always displayed with regard to the test parameters
which were set up at the time the test was run. These may not match the current setup
parameters if any changes have been made since the test was run.

4.1 General screen layout

The SDH Access Tester application organises the screen into the typical areas shown
below.

On-screen 'LED' indicators

Application title bar
Status bar

Display area

Page tabs

Function keys

• The top portion of the screen is used by the application to simulate LED indicators
on-screen in order to display information which is relevant to the current setup of
the application. See Section 4.24 The title of the current application is shown in the
application title bar.
• The status bar is used to display the status of the interface and the current test.
• The display area has a number of tabbed pages which can be made active by
selecting the tabs down the right side. The display area is used for setting up tests
and displaying results. For some pages the display area may be split into left and
right areas and may have multiple results pages which can be selected.
• The six unmarked keys at the top of the keyboard, , are function keys to
control certain features of the ANT-5. The function of each active key is identified by
an animated button on the screen just above the actual key.
4.1.1 Moving around the screen

Use the directional keys for moving around active parts of the display area,
such as buttons and list boxes, which are highlighted in turn. The page tabs
can be highlighted by moving up and down the right side of the display area.

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Press the Enter key to operate a highlighted button or to select a highlighted list
item.

4.1.2 Status bar

The status bar is used for displaying the status information for pattern sync, defect
notification and anomaly/defect injection. The elapsed time of the test in hrs:min:sec
format is shown in position k. If a test is not running, the elapsed time of the previous
test will be displayed. Position l shows how long the test will run. (See Section 4.6 to
set the duration of the test.)

Elapsed time

Status bar
a b c d e f g h j k l
Activity icons
Rx Icons
The pattern sync icon (position a) displays a steady synchronised digital
signal if the instrument is synchronised on a BERT pattern.

The pattern sync icon displays an animated unsynchronised digital signal

if the instrument is unable to synchronise on a BERT pattern. This defect
is also known as LSS (Loss of Sequence Synchronisation).

The pattern sync icon is blanked if no BERT pattern is present or there

are no containers selected to carry a BERT pattern.

The defect detected icon (position a) flashes if any other defect condition
is currently being detected at the selected Rx input, such as LOS.

The OK icon (position b) is displayed if no alarm or error conditions have

been detected at the se+++lected Rx input, since the beginning of the
test. It is linked to the large OK displayed on the screen and will also be
displayed if the results are cleared by pressing the Reset function key. As
soon as an alarm or error condition is detected the icon will be blanked
and the large OK displayed on the screen will be replaced by another
results panel showing the condition detected.

(position c) is displayed depending on the type of performance analysis

chosen. For example BIT will be shown if G.821 is selected.

Assuming the ATM option has been purchased and enabled (see Section
6) this icon (position d) becomes animated when load ATM traffic is
monitored at the receiver (Rx).

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Tx icons
The anomaly injection icon (position e) displays an animated syringe
when anomalies are being injected. The icon is blanked when anomaly
injection is not active.

The defect injection icon (position f) flashes if a defect condition is

currently being injected. The icon is blanked when defect injection is not
active.

The laser warning icon (position g) is displayed with a yellow background

when the ANT-5 laser source (Tx) is activated. The icon is greyed out
when the laser is deactivated and is blanked if an electrical interface is
selected.

These icons show if the beeper is turned on or off, (position h). Pressing
the beeper key on the keyboard controls this function.

These icons (position j) show the current status of the test. The green
light is displayed while a test is running and a red light is displayed when
a test has been stopped. The amber light is displayed when a test is due
to begin from a delayed start. See section 4.6.

4.1.3 Function keys

The six unmarked keys at the top of the keyboard, , are function keys to control
certain features of the ANT-5. The function of each active key is identified by an
animated button on the screen just above the actual key. The state of each button
icon, whether it is shown pushed in or not, is also used to indicate current functional
states such as Setup view or Results view. The button icons are greyed when a
function is not available.
Firm key Function
Switch to Setup view.

Alt
Switches to the Signal Structure setup page
+

Switch to Results view.

Alt
Switches to the Results summary page
+

If a test is running Reset will clear all of the counter values,

elapsed test time and LEDs. If a test is not running Reset will
clear the LEDs without clearing the existing test results.

or Within the Signal Structure screen, copies the signal structure

of the Tx Path to the Rx Path, and vice versa.

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Firm key Function

Depress the inject key injects a range of anomalies and
defects into the transmission signal. See Section 4.11 for more
details. The inject firm key appears automatically in the
Injection page. Alternatively, users can select this firm key by
pressing the Alt button from any other page.

or These keys are used from the results page when clock offset is
enabled. The transmitter offset can be adjusted in steps of
0.1ppm by pressing the required offset firm key, or offset in
increments of 1.0 by pressing and holding down the firm key.

or When anomalies or defects are displayed as graphs, the

and keys can be used to adjust the units of
time along the x-axis of the graph.

or When overhead analysis/injection results are displayed, the

Text and Expert keys can be used to switch between the
summary and detailed views.

or When overhead analysis/injection results are displayed, the

ASCII and HEX keys can be used to switch between the alpha
and numeric views.

or Start a test, or Stop the test if one is running. (Once a test has
been stopped, up to three files are automatically saved on the
internal device, see 3.2.5 for further details).

Table 2 – Function key.

Some examples of function key positions are shown below:

(Press Alt to display these keys.)

4.2 Setup pages

The SDH Access Tester application uses a range of tabbed setup pages to set the
interface and test parameters before running a test. The settings can be easily
changed by moving around the screen with the directional keys and selecting items

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with the Enter key. If a test is running, some parameters on the setup pages can be
viewed but not changed and these will be greyed to indicate that they are disabled.

When making changes to the setup, any value selected for a parameter (by pressing
the Enter key for example), becomes effective immediately unless it is not a valid
value. In this case the previous value will be retained or a substitute value used.

Note: Whether a test is running or not, the transmitter will start to transmit
continuously as soon as a valid configuration is entered. The receiver will look for and
attempt to recognise a valid signal on its Rx input in readiness for the Start key being
pressed. When a test is not running, the LEDs and Rx icons will continuously indicate
errors and alarms but any other results displayed will be the results of a previous test.

4.3 Measurement Selection

A Measurement Selection page has
been included to ease special test
mode selection, for example, a
tributary scan or a delay
measurement. Each measurement is
mutually exclusive.

When a special measurement mode

is selected, the corresponding results
page will be displayed by selecting
the Results tab. In some cases (for
example, performance analysis or
tributary scan) a corresponding Setup
page will also be available.
Alternatively if no setup is required, check the required measurement and press the
Start firm key to view the appropriate results page. Refer to the relevant sections (as
listed below) for a description of the test.

Feature Section
Performance Analysis Setup 4.7
Performance Analysis Results 4.12
Repetitive BERT 4.17
Automatic Protection Switching 4.18
Delay 4.20
VC12 Tributary Scanning Setup 4.8
VC12 Tributary Scanning Results 4.16

Note: To select Tributary Scan ensure VC12 is selected as the Virtual Container for
the Transmitter (Tx) and the Receiver (Rx). (See Section 4.4.3 and 4.4.9).

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4.4 Signal Structure setup page

The Signal Structure setup page
allows the configuration of both the Tx
and Rx to be set up for the particular
device or system under test (DUT).
The settings for each element of the
signal structure can be changed by
moving around the structure diagram
using the directional keys and
selecting items with the Enter key. A
window showing the available
parameters for that element will then
be displayed.

Virtual Channel Hierarchy

PDH
Container

Pattern
Timeslot
Interface

Pattern Hierarchy

Timeslot Termination
75ohm
Virtual
PDH
Container Channel Interface

The procedure for setting the Rx elements of the test structure is very similar to the
setting of the Tx elements except for the Interface Setup Rx window, which has a
different set of parameters.

The list of available parameters for each part of the structure may vary depending
upon the configuration selected in the other elements. For example, if a PDH interface
is selected, the Virtual Container setup dialog box will not appear, since this box is
only applicable to SDH.

The signal structure always appears with a test pattern source and test pattern
detector. If the incoming signal is expected to contain network traffic, the Traffic
pattern may be selected to disable the receiver’s pattern detection process and the
reporting of LSS defects.

When setting up the various parts of the signal structure for the ANT-5, it is advisable
to make changes to each element of the structure in the order that they are referred to
in this chapter.

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4.4.1 Hierarchy Setup Tx

Selecting the Hierarchy element for the

transmit path opens the Hierarchy Setup Tx
panel, allowing either SDH or PDH framing
types to be selected.

If PDH is selected, the PDH line rate is

determined by the Bit Rate selected in the
PDH Setup screen.

Note 1: The optical Rate for STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 are also selectable if the
options have been purchased and enabled.
Note 2: AU-3 Mapping will also become selectable if the option has been purchased
and enabled.

4.4.2 Interface Setup Tx

Selecting the Interface element for the transmit

path opens the Interface Setup Tx panel,
allowing electrical and optical options to be
selected.

Clock Source The transmitter Clock Source can be set to Internal, From Rx,
Ext. Data 2048kbit/s* or Ext. Clock 2MHz*. (* SDH only).

For the Internal setting, the clock for the transmitter is derived
from the internal 2048 kbit/s clock. For the From Rx setting, the
clock for the transmitter is derived from the Rx connector.

The Ext. Data 2048kbit/s and Ext. Clock 2048kHz settings are
only available if an SDH structure has been selected. For these
settings, the clock for the transmitter is synchronised to the
signal on the Ext. Clk connector.
Clock Offset The frequency offset of the received signal is the difference
between the received frequency and the expected frequency. All
network equipment (NE) can tolerate a certain amount of offset.
However, if the limits are exceeded a NE will fail to synchronise
to the received signal which will result in network errors.
Skewing the frequency is a standard test during installation to
ensure that an installed unit can tolerate the frequency offsets
occurring within the network.

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The Clock Offset is only

available when the Clock
Source is set to Internal.
With the Clock Offset box
checked a value can be
entered for the offset,
from –100 to +100. How-
ever, once a test has
started the clock offset
can only be changed
using the associated firm keys from the Results page. See
Section 4.10 for further details.

Note: If the signal structure is changed the parameters for clock

offset will need to re-established.

Output The output interface can be set to either Optical or Electrical. If

the ANT-5 is equipped with an optical interface, both electrical
and optical options will be available.

If a PDH structure has been selected in the Hierarchy setup, the

optical options will be disabled. If an SDH structure has been
selected and the ANT-5 is equipped with an optical interface,
both electrical and optical options will be available.

If the Optical interface is

selected, the state of the
Laser On checkbox can
be toggled, and the
Wavelength can be set
to either 1310nm or
1550nm, depending on
which optical options
have been fitted to the
instrument.

Line Code The Line Code setting automatically defaults to the setting
appropriate to the interface type:
Interface Line Code
SDH Optical NRZ
SDH Electrical CMI
E4 CMI
E1 & E3 HDB3
DS3 B3ZS

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Interface Line Code

DS1 B8ZS

4.4.3 Virtual Container Setup Tx

Selecting the Virtual Container element for the

transmit path opens the Virtual Container
Setup Tx panel, allowing SDH mapping
options to be selected.

This element will not be available if a PDH

interface has been selected.

Bulk should be selected as the Tributary if

bulk testing of the virtual container is required.
The test pattern will then be injected across the whole of the Virtual Container.

If testing within a PDH hierarchy is required, the PDH tributary should be selected.
The test pattern will then be injected into the selected SDH virtual container with the
selected PDH parameters.

Note: VC11/TU11 and VC11/TU12 will also become selectable if the option has been
purchased and enabled.

4.4.4 Channel Setup Tx

Selecting the Channel element for the

transmitter side opens the Channel Setup Tx
panel, allowing selection of the SDH tributary
channel which is to be tested.

This element will not be available if a PDH

interface has been selected.

The Tx channel is selected by entering the

discrete TUG and TU numbers for the channel
in the appropriate window. The availability of different TUG-3, TUG-2 and TU-12
groups for selection is dependent upon the SDH Virtual Container.

For example, if a VC-3 has been selected for a test, then only the TUG-3 parameter
can be adjusted, enabling selection of which TUG-3 within the VC-4 will carry the
VC-3 payload. Alternatively, if a VC-12 has been selected for a test, then the TUG-3,
TUG-2 and TU-12 can all be adjusted, enabling selection of which TU-12 will carry the
VC-12 payload.

As an alternative to selecting the discrete TUG and TU numbers, the corresponding

number of the Virtual Container can be selected. This is of benefit when setting up
VC-12s or other complicated mappings. On entering a VC number, the TUG and TU

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numbers will automatically change to match the new VC. The table in Section 12.3,
SDH Tributary Numbering, gives the relationship between the VC numbers and TUG
numbers for the Tributary and Timeslot (ITU-T) numbering methods.

4.4.5 PDH Setup Tx

Selecting the PDH element for the transmitter

side opens the PDH Setup Tx panel, allowing
selection of the PDH parameters for the test
signal.

The test signal is either injected into the SDH

Virtual Container if an SDH line interface has
been selected, or is passed directly to the
PDH line interface if a PDH line interface has
been selected.

If Bulk has been selected as the Tributary in the SDH Virtual Container then the PDH
Setup Tx panel will not be available.

Note: If an SDH line interface has been selected, only bit rates and framing types
appropriate for the SDH configuration will be displayed as options within this panel.
PDH Low Rate is only applicable if Nx64 testing is required, See Section 4.21.

4.4.6 Pattern Setup Tx

Selecting the Patterns element for the transmit

path opens the Pattern Setup Tx panel,
allowing selection of the test pattern which will
be inserted into the SDH Tx channel or PDH
interface.

One pattern from a range of pattern types can

be selected, including the digital word pattern,
DW. If this is selected the content of the word
can be set up in the 16-Bit Word box which
appears below the Pattern Type selector. Inverted patterns are also available and are
indicated by an ‘I’ at the beginning of the pattern name, for example IPRBS23 is the
inverted form of the 2 23-1 pattern, PRBS23.

Note: The pattern element will be greyed out if the round trip delay measurement has
been activated. See 4.20 for further information.

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4.4.7 Hierarchy Setup Rx

Selecting the Hierarchy element for the

receive path opens the Hierarchy Setup Rx
panel, allowing either SDH or PDH framing
types to be selected.

If PDH is selected, the PDH line rate is

determined by the Bit Rate selected in the
PDH Setup screen.

The signal structure always appears with a

test pattern source and test pattern detector. The user may wish to disregard the BER
features, whilst only monitoring SDH or PDH defects, if required.

Set the Test type to Inline monitor to monitor signals at the electrical monitor point
without the need for optical spitters. The inline monitor allows the unit to be connected
in circuit for monitoring live links. The received signal is re-transmitted unaltered and
simultaneously monitors for alarms and errors. This is useful when in-service quality
measurements are required on optical circuits where there is no access to optical
splitters.

Note 1: The optical Rate for STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 are also selectable if the
options have been purchased and enabled.
Note 2 AU-3 Mapping will also become selectable if the option has been purchased
and enabled.

4.4.8 Interface Setup Rx

Selecting the Interface element for the receive

path opens the Interface Setup Rx panel,
allowing electrical and optical options to be
selected.

Input The input interface can be set to either Optical or Electrical. If a

PDH structure has been selected in the Hierarchy setup, the
optical options will be disabled. If an SDH structure has been
selected and the ANT-5 is equipped with an optical interface,
both electrical and optical options will be available.

If the Optical interface is selected, the receiver interface will

automatically detect and select the received wavelength, either
1310nm or 1550nm, depending upon which optical options have
been fitted to the instrument.

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Line Code The Line Code setting automatically defaults to the setting
appropriate to the interface type:
Interface Line Code
SDH Optical NRZ
SDH Electrical CMI
E4 CMI
E1 & E3 HDB3
DS3 B3ZS
DS1 B8ZS
Sensitivity If the Electrical interface is selected, the sensitivity can be set
for ITU-T, PMP (Protected Monitor Point) or HIGH connections.
The PMP setting includes appropriate linear gain to compensate
for the attenuation at the protected monitor point. The electrical
interface will be terminated in either 75Ω (BNC) or 120Ω (RJ48).
See 9.4.3, for further information.

Pulse Shape HIGH or DSX can be selected as the pulse shape and is used
when testing PDH tributaries with a bit rate of 45M
Note: A HIGH pulse shape should not be confused with high
impedance.

4.4.9 Virtual Container Setup Rx

Selecting the Virtual Container element for the

receive path opens the Virtual Container
Setup Rx panel, allowing SDH mapping
options to be selected.

This element will not be available if a PDH

interface has been selected.

Bulk should be selected as the Tributary if

bulk testing of the virtual container is required.
The test pattern will then be injected across the whole of the Virtual Container.

If testing within a PDH hierarchy is required, the PDH tributary should be selected.
The test pattern will then be injected into the selected SDH virtual container with the
selected PDH parameters.

Note: VC11/TU11 and VC11/TU12 will also become selectable if the option has been
purchased and enabled.

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4.4.10 Channel Setup Rx

Selecting the Channel element for the receiver

side opens the Channel Setup Rx panel,
allowing selection of the SDH tributary channel
which is to be tested.

This element will not be available if a PDH

interface has been selected.

The Rx channel is selected by entering the

discrete TUG and TU numbers for the channel
in the appropriate window. See Section 4.4.4, Channel Setup Tx, for further details.

4.4.11 PDH Setup Rx

Selecting the PDH element for the receiver

side opens the PDH Setup Rx panel, allowing
selection of the PDH parameters for the test
signal.

The test signal is either detected from the SDH

Virtual Container if an SDH line interface has
been selected, or is detected directly from the
PDH line interface if a PDH line interface has
been selected.

Note: If an SDH line interface has been selected, only bit rates and framing types
appropriate for the SDH configuration will be displayed as options within this panel.
PDH Low Rate is only applicable if Nx64 testing is required, See Section 4.21.

4.4.12 Pattern Setup Rx

Selecting the Patterns element for the receive

path opens the Pattern Setup Rx panel,
allowing selection of the test pattern which will
be extracted from the SDH Rx channel or PDH
interface.

One pattern from a range of pattern types can

be selected, including the digital word pattern,
DW. If this is selected the content of the word
can be set up in the 16-Bit Word box which
appears below the Pattern Type selector. Inverted patterns are also available and are
indicated by an ‘I’ at the beginning of the pattern name, for example IPRBS23 is the
inverted form of the 2 23-1 pattern, PRBS23.

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The Traffic pattern should be selected if the incoming signal is expected to contain
network traffic. Selecting this option effectively disables the pattern detection process
and the reporting of LSS defects.

4.4.13 Symmetrical Tx and Rx Settings

Where the system under test is symmetrical, and the Tx and Rx structures are
required to be identical, time can be saved by setting up either the Tx or the Rx
structure, and then pressing either the or keys as appropriate. The
structure will be copied from Tx to Rx, or vice versa, as selected.

The Tx and Rx structure can also be set up independently, so that, for example, the
Tx can be sending a PRBS of 215-1 in a VC-12 carried within an optical STM-1, whilst
the Rx can be expecting to receive a PRBS of 215-1 in a 2Mbit/s PDH signal.

If the structure has been set up

independently, as in this example; the
mappings and bit rates are
automatically copied. This feature has
been designed to ensure the user has
selected the appropriate mapping or
rate for SDH/SONET/PDH operation.

Generally, always edit the highest

configuration, in this example STM-1
on the Tx takes priority over PDH on
the Rx. Therefore, to change the PDH
rate to 140M select the Virtual
Container Setup Tx panel as
highlighted in the graphic. Edit the VC Mapping to VC4, you will then notice the
associated rate for the PDH Rx has changed to 140M.

Note: Previous mixed mode configurations saved prior to software version 08.00 will
no longer be valid.

4.5 Overhead Setup

The Overhead Setup page has five separate sub-pages which can be viewed by
selecting the appropriate entry in the View menu at the top of each page.

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4.5.1 Transmitted Trace Identifiers

Selecting Tx Trace Identifier allows

the transmitted Trace Identifiers (TI)
to be set up.

Three trace identifiers are transmitted,

the Regenerator Section TI (J0), the
High Path TI (J1), and the Low Path
TI (J2).

The RS-TI can be set to 1 byte or 16

bytes in length. The HP-TI and LP-TI
can be set to 16 bytes or 64 bytes in
length. If the RS-TI is set to 1 byte, its
contents are entered in the form of
two hexadecimal digits. During this
entry, the function keys are
temporarily assigned the alphabetical values ‘A’ to ‘F’. The two hexadecimal digits can
be entered by using the keyboard for the decimal numbers and the function keys for
the alpha characters.

4.5.2 Trace Identifiers

To set up the trace identifiers, select

the TIM Setup view. Three trace
identifiers can be optionally
monitored, by checking the box
alongside each trace identifier field
(RS-TIM, HP-TIM or LP-TIM). If the
received values differ from the values
preset within this page, and the
respective box is checked, a defect
alarm is raised and noted within the
Results pages.

The RS-TIM can be set to 1 byte or

16 bytes in length. The HP-TIM and
LP-TIM can be set to 16 bytes or 64
bytes in length. If the RS-TIM is set to
1 byte, its contents are entered in the form of two hexadecimal digits. During this
entry, the function keys are temporarily assigned the alphabetical values ‘A’ to ‘F’. The
two hexadecimal digits can be entered by using the keyboard for the decimal numbers
and the function keys for the alpha characters.

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If required the following control characters can be inserted into the trace label strings
for expected and transmitted bytes. Alphanumeric characters can be entered using the
keyboard keys.

NUL Nul BS Backspace

TAB Tabulation LF Line Feed
CR Carriage Return DEL Delete
4.5.3 Path Labels

To set up the path labels, select the

PLM Setup view. Two path labels can
be optionally monitored, by checking
the box alongside each path label
field. If the received values differ from
the values preset within this page,
and the respective box is checked, a
defect alarm is raised and noted
within the Results pages.

4.5.4 Tandem Connection Monitoring

Tandem connection monitoring (TCM)

allows the comparative performance
of path segments to be monitored with
the aid of the N bytes in the path
overhead. Select the TCM view to set
up tandem connection monitoring.

The received HP and/or LP paths can

be monitored by selecting the HP and
LP check boxes as required. The
appropriate paths will then be
activated on the TCM results page. If
neither box is selected, the TCM
results page will not be available. See
Section 4.15, TCM results summary.

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4.5.5 AU Pointer Value

The Expected AU Pointer H1 byte is

continually monitored, and checked
against the received value. If the
received AU pointer differs from the
expected value a defect alarm is
generated. The user can adjust the
transmitted value of the SS bits within
the H1 byte. Selecting the value ‘XX’
from with the Expected drop-down
menu disables this monitoring.

10 = SDH signal, 00 = SONET signal.

Note: The transmitted and expected frames become visible if SDH or SONET are
selected as the hierarchy type for Tx and Rx.

4.6 Measurement Timer Setup

The Measurement Timer Setup
page can be used to set up a test to
run with a fixed duration and/or a
delayed start at some time in the
future which is set by the user.

To run a test with a delayed start, set

up all parameters as for a normal test
and run a short test to verify the
settings. Then set the timer to the
required start time and press the Start
key. The instrument will then go into a
standby mode until the programmed
start time, when it will begin to run a
test and count results in the normal way. During the standby period the LEDs and
status icons will be active to indicate the status of the line.

Test start The timer can be set up for Manual start or Delayed start.

Start time / date If Delayed start is selected, further entry fields can be used for
setting the Start time and Start date. These can be used to
enter any time and date in the future.

Duration The test can be set to run for a specified Duration from 1
second up to 99 days. The time selected will be shown on the
status bar.

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Notes: The Stop key will always be available to stop tests manually, regardless of the
Timer settings. The time and date can be set in the Time & Date section of the
System menu.

4.7 Performance Analysis Setup

Note: The Performance Analysis setup tab will become available if selected from the
Measurement Selection page. See Section 4.3 for further details.

The Performance Analysis setup

page is used to determine how the
performance of a system will be
measured and recorded by the
instrument. A wide range of options
are available; see Appendix E –
Performance Analysis Options for a
list of the options with additional
details of the measurement method
for each option. The setup page has
two main parameters from which to
choose the option – Analysis and
Hierarchy.

For each analysis type, a set of hierarchies are available, which are dependent upon
the Analysis type selected. Some of these are only applicable to SDH, and will be
greyed-out in the list of options if a PDH Rx interface is selected.

For each selection of Analysis and Hierarchy, selecting the Default button restores
the default settings to the available parameters.

Allocation allows a percentage of the

required performance for an HRX
(Hypothetical Reference Connection)
to be allocated to the current test.
This allocation is typically 10-20% for
Access Networks.

SES Threshold allows setting of the

threshold for Severely Errored
Seconds, which in G.826 is said to be
30% of the number of blocks in one
second.

UAS Limit allows setting of the

threshold for Unavailable Seconds, in G.826 said to be 10 consecutive seconds of
SES. This can be disabled by clearing the adjacent checkbox.

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4.8 VC12 Tributary Scanning Setup

Note: The Tributary Scan setup tab will become available if selected from the
Measurement Selection page. See Section 4.3 for further details.

The ability to switch tributary signals without fully de-multiplexing and re-multiplexing
the SDH signal is a very important feature of SDH. Using either an add/drop (ADM) or
cross-connect (DXC), networks can be re-configured to cater for network changes.

When implementing these changes it is important to verify the routing configuration of

the network element prior to switching it onto line traffic. This can involve testing each
VC12 tributary in an STM-4 – possibly 252 tributaries.

The Acterna ANT-5 is able to automatically scan individual or multiple tributaries to

verify the routing and error free operation. A pass/fail indication is given for each VC12
tested.

The tributary scanning tab will only

become available when VC12 in the
Virtual Container panel for Tx and
Rx are selected. Starting any test by
checking the Tributary Scan Setup
box, will scan the required tributaries.
In this example tributaries 30 to 39 will
be scanned.

The three Selection Methods that

can be selected are:
• All channels
• Specify From/To Channels
• Specify TUG-3’s
Users can select Failed, Passed or All from the View field. In these examples of the
user interface all Failed tributaries will be listed in the tributary scan results page. See
Section 4.16, VC12 Tributary Scanning Results
If the STM-4 option is fitted, the
following example shows tributaries
30-63 in channel 1 will be scanned,
followed by 1-63 in channel 2, 1-63 in
channel 3 and 1-39 in channel 4. For
details of tributary numbering refer to
section 12.3.

Note: Channels will be scanned by

tributary rather than ITU-T number
order.

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This example will validate the

tributaries within the second TUG-3
structure, for each of the STM-4
channels, (assuming the STM-4
option is fitted).

Note: See Section 4.16, VC12

Tributary Scanning Results.

4.9 Results
The results screens are selected by pressing the Results function key. This displays a
range of tabbed pages, similar to the setup pages. Some of the results pages use a
split screen layout, with the large OK in the left half of the screen, and other details of
the test in the right half of the screen. Other results pages use the whole screen and
may have multiple pages which can be selected from the main screen.

4.10 Results Summary

The first tabbed page displays a
summary of test results.

The left half of the page displays the

green large OK as long as there are
no defects or anomalies recorded. If
any defects or anomalies occur during
a test, the large OK disappears and is
replaced by a list of continually
updated defects and anomalies that
have been detected by the instrument
during the test.

Note: Assuming the previous test was successful, the large OK will be greyed out
whilst the current test is being configured.

4.10.1 Clock Offset results

Once the test has started the ANT-5 samples the received signal from the network
element then calculates and displays the result of the frequency offset. The ANT-5
displays the Rx offset to check a network element is transmitting correctly.

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The transmitter offset can be adjusted in steps of 0.1ppm by pressing the required
offset firm key, or offset in increments of 1.0 by pressing and holding down the
appropriate firm key.

The range over which the offset can be skewed depends on the initial value set in the
Interface Setup Tx panel. For example, if the test starts with a negative value, its
associated range will be from –100.0 to –0.1. However, if the test starts with a positive
value, the range will be from 0.0 to 100.0. The following example shows the results
associated with clock offset.

This is the Rx offset (in ppm) These are the Tx and Rx

of the 140Mbit tributary offsets (in ppm) for the Line
carried in the VC4 being Rate, for example
tested 155.520Mbit/s

Note: The offset firm keys will be greyed out when the value reaches the end of its
range.

The Defect/Anomaly list contains the

total number of seconds during which
each defect has been detected and
the total count of each anomaly which
has occurred.

The defects and anomalies are listed

in order of importance and priority.

For further details, see Appendix D –

SDH and PDH information.

4.11 Injection
A wide range of anomalies and defects can be injected into the transmitted signal,
depending upon the signal structure selected.

If an SDH line interface is selected, the relevant SDH anomalies and defects can be
injected. If a PDH test signal is injected into the SDH virtual container, the relevant
PDH anomalies and defects can also be injected. If, however, a PDH line interface is
selected, then only the PDH anomalies can be injected.

In addition to injecting into either the SDH or PDH structures, injection of TSEs (bit
errors) into the relevant payload is also available using the Transmit Pattern.

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4.11.1 Injection of Anomalies

The Injection page can be used to

inject a range of different anomalies
into the transmit structure, either
singly or at an average rate of
between one error in every 102 bits
and one error in 1010 bits, of the
appropriate type.

The type of anomalies to be injected

is selected from the Type list box. The
list of available anomaly types
depends on the type of framing being
used, and also whether SDH or PDH
hierarchies and line interfaces have
been selected.

The number of anomalies to be injected is selected from the Rate list box and can be
set to Single or Continuous. The Continuous rates available are 1E-2, 1E-3, 1E-4,
1E-5, 1E-6, 1E-7, 1E-8, 1E-9 or 1E-10, the available rates depending upon which
anomaly is selected.

To inject a single anomaly into the Tx path, set the Rate to Single then press the
Inject firm key. The Inject firm key will now be depressed indicating that anomalies are
being injected. To inject anomalies at a Continuous rate, set the Rate, then press the
Inject firm key. The injection icon, , displays an animated syringe when anomalies
are being injected. To stop injecting, press the Inject firm key, the injection icon now
disappears.

The Inject firm key appears automatically in the Injection page. To allow injection
from any other page, users can view the Inject firm key by pressing the Alt button.

4.11.2 Injection of Bursts errors

As well as single or continuous errors,

Bursts can also be injected into the
SDH Anomaly structure. The benefit
of this feature is that these errors
allow network elements to be stressed
more closely under conditions that
emulate real errors.

Errors are injected into consecutive

SDH frames. This process is then
repeated, the Repetition Period is
defined in frames or seconds which
gives a convenient method of testing
frame synchronization.

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Up to 4,800,000 consecutive frames can be errored. In this example, 2 consecutive

frames are errored every 5 frames.

2 frames

Repetition period = 5 frames

Note: The value for the Repetition Period is always greater than the value of the
Frames. The ANT-5 will automatically adjust the values if necessary.

4.11.3 Injection of Code errors

To allow for in-service performance

analysis, E1 (2M) code errors can be
injected into the PDH structure.

Continuous errors are injected at a

ratio of 1x10-n where n = 3 to 8.

Note: Ensure that PDH is selected as

the hierarchy type and the PDH Rate
is set to 2M.

4.11.4 Injection of Defects

The Injection page can also be used

to inject a range of different defects
into the transmit structure.

The type of defect to be injected is

selected from the Type list box. The
list of available defect types depends
on the type of framing being used,
and also whether SDH or PDH
hierarchies and line interfaces have
been selected.

To inject a defect into the Tx path,

select the type of defect required and
press the Inject firm key. The Inject firm key will now be depressed and the injection
icon, , displays an animated syringe when defects are being injected. To stop
injecting, press the Inject firm key, the injection icon now disappears.

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The Inject firm key appears automatically in the Injection page. To allow injection
from any other page, users can view the Inject firm key by pressing the Alt button.

4.12 Performance Analysis Results

Note: The Performance Analysis results tab will become available if selected from
the Measurement Selection page. See Section 4.3 for further details.

The Performance Analysis results page enables the user to view the performance of
the device or system under test according to a range of standards. The standard
applied is selected in the Performance Analysis Setup page – See Section 4.7.

Note: The Performance Analysis results of any test are only valid in the context of
the setup which was used at the time that the test was run and the results were
recorded. It is not valid to use the Performance Analysis setup page to select a
different Analysis or Hierarchy type in order to view existing results without running a
new test.

4.12.1 Performance Analysis results display

Performance analysis is available for

a wide range of standards; see
Appendix E – Performance
Analysis Options for a list of the
options with additional details of the
measurement method for each option.
A separate analysis display is
available for each type of analysis that
can be selected, prior to running a
test. This screen displays the Analysis
standard and selected Hierarchy, and
will list all relevant results parameters,
in both absolute number of seconds
and also as a percentage of the total
test duration.

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A Verdict of the overall result of the

test will be displayed, with either pass,
fail, or uncertain presented as a green
tick, red cross or yellow question
mark. The uncertain result is part of
the M.2100 analysis and should be
followed by a further 7 day test.

4.13 Anomalies and Defects results

4.13.1 Defect Panel

The second tabbed page displays

three different views of the SDH
anomalies and defects, and also PDH
errors and alarms, occurring during a
test. Each view can be displayed by
selecting them from the drop-down
view menu at the top of the page.

The Defect Panel view lists all SDH

and PDH events in order of group
within the SDH structure and/or PDH
payload, and continually updates and
displays active events in red.

Note: Defect panel LED’s turn yellow during a test to show historic alarms, that is,
defects that have been raised during a test but are not currently active. To reset the
LEDS press Alt and Menu and select System >LEDs >Reset LEDs.

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4.13.2 Event Log

The Event Log view lists all SDH and

PDH events in time order as they
occur during a test, including start-
time, stop-time, and duration of the
defect or total anomalies per second.

4.13.3 Anomaly Count

The Anomaly Count view lists all

SDH & PDH anomalies in hierarchical
order which are relevant to the current
signal structure. The number of
anomalies occurring during a test are
counted for each anomaly type, and
the ratio of each anomaly within the
elapsed period of test is displayed.

4.13.4 Graphs

The Graph view displays a graphical

timeline representation of any SDH
anomalies or defects that have been
detected during a test. The anomaly
or defect occurrences are plotted as a
set of horizontal bars against a time
axis divided into intervals of one day,
hour, minute or second. A bar is
displayed to indicate that an event
was detected during that time interval.

The time scale is shown under the

chart, and can be set to a resolution
of 60 days, hours, minutes or seconds
by pressing the and keys. Vertical columns show sub-divisions of 10

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time units. The horizontal scroll bar can be used to scroll in steps of 10 or 60 time
units, as described in the example below.

The list of anomalies or defects is shown to the left of the chart and can also be
scrolled vertically if required.

A detailed zoom feature is also available in the Anomalies Graph. This allows error
rates to be shown down to one-second resolution, as shown in the example below.

Example: Using the detailed zoom feature in the Anomalies Graph

1. Select the Anomalies graph.

2. Use the directional keys to highlight

the timeline section.

3. Press the Enter key to activate the

timeline section; in this state the scroll
bar will be highlighted.

4. Press the and keys to

select an appropriate time scale.

5. Use the left/right directional keys to

scroll the graph horizontally in steps of
10 time units. For faster scrolling hold
the Alt key down to increase the step
size to 60 time units.

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6. Press the Esc key to deactivate the

timeline section.

7. Use the directional keys to highlight

the anomalies list.

8. Press the Enter key to activate the

anomalies list. In this initial state there
will not be a selected item but one
anomaly will be highlighted. The
vertical scroll bar may be active if
there are further items not displayed.

9. Use the up/down keys to navigate the

list and press the Enter key again to
select items for detailed viewing. An
error rate histogram will be displayed
under the timeline as shown.

10. Press the Esc key to deactivate the

list section. Use the directional keys to
move to another part of the screen.

4.14 Overhead Analysis and Injection

The SDH overhead byte structure can be displayed for either transmit or receive paths
by selecting the tab for Overhead Analysis/Injection.

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4.14.1 Summary View

In the Summary View, the overhead

bytes can be displayed and scrolled
using the method described below:
1. Toggle the function key Text /
Expert to select the summary
view.
2. Use the directional keys to
highlight the summary section.
3. Press the Enter key to activate the
timeline section; in this state the
scroll bar will be highlighted as
shown.
4. Use the directional keys to scroll
vertically through the frame.
5. Press HEX to display hexadecimal strings.
6. Press the Esc key to deactivate the list section. Use the directional keys to move
to another part of the screen.
Note: Bytes not used in the current test will be greyed out.

J0 Trace 0 S1 Sync Status

J1 (HP) Trace 1 V5 Error Monitor
J1 (LP) Trace 1 C2 (HP) Container Format
J2 Trace 2 C2 (LP) Container Format

Table 3 – Overhead bytes which can be displayed in Summary View

4.14.2 Expert View

In Expert View, a pair of tables

representing the complete contents of
the overhead structure are displayed.
The tables can be viewed in either
Analysis mode or Injection mode.

If the Rate is set to STM-4, a

numerical entry box will be available
to select the channel.

In Analysis mode, the received

section and path overhead bytes
(SOH & POH) are displayed, and are
continually updated every second. In
Injection mode, the transmitted SOH & POH bytes are displayed.

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Byte values are shown as follows:

Hex value The hexadecimal value of the received or transmitted byte.

‘—’ ‘—’ appears in Analysis mode to indicate bytes for which a value
cannot be determined.

‘TI’ ‘TI’ appears in Analysis mode to indicate bytes for which a correct trace
identifier value has been recognised.

‘xx’ ‘xx’ appears in Injection mode to indicate bytes which may not be
injected.

The POH table is displayed on the right of the window, and its contents will depend
upon the signal structure that has been selected.

In Analysis mode, the value of individual received overhead bytes may be examined
in detail using the Overhead Zoom feature. In Injection mode, the same feature can
be used to edit the value of individual transmitted overhead bytes in hexadecimal,
binary or ASCII format.

To zoom in on a particular overhead byte, select the

appropriate table using the directional keys and press
the Enter key; individual bytes can then be selected
using the directional keys. When a byte is selected and
the Enter key is pressed, the Overhead Zoom window
will appear with the details of that byte.

Where an overhead byte is used for a special purpose,

such as carrying status messages (S1) or labels (C2),
these values will also be displayed and alternative
values may be selected from a list.

To conclude the examination or editing of individual

bytes, press the Esc key to deselect the table and
return to the page tabs.

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4.15 TCM results summary

Tandem connection monitoring (TCM)
allows the comparative performance
of path segments to be monitored with
the aid of the N bytes in the path
overhead. The TCM results summary
page is used for monitoring results for
the forward and backward directions
in a tandem connection. The APId
Label (application ID path label) is
also shown.

The received HP or LP path can be

viewed by selecting the HP or LP
radio button at the top of the page.
The current path and its associated network operator byte will be shown in the top
right corner of the page.

Rx Forward The Path is shown as OK (green) if it is clear or LOST (red) if a

path is not identified. The results for the error monitoring
counters are shown beneath this for comparison.

Rx Backward The Rx Backward results are shown as non-latching red

indicators which are turned on when a condition is true. Counters
for these results can be found on the Results Summary page,
as described in Section 4.10. More detailed results can be found
in the Event Log, as described in Section 4.13.2.

For an application note on this topic, visit our Web Site, www.acterna.com, or contact
the nearest Regional Sales Office as listed on the back of the manual.

Note: The received HP and/or LP paths should be activated before starting the test.
This can be done by selecting the HP and LP check boxes as required in the TCM
view of the SOH Setup page. If neither box is selected, the TCM results page will not
be available. For details See Section 4.5.4, Tandem Connection Monitoring.

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4.16 VC12 Tributary Scanning Results

Note: Select Tributary Scan from the Measurement Selection page. See Section
4.8 to configure the required setup.

Once the Start button is pressed, the

screen will automatically change to
the Tributary Scan results page to
display the test.

Tributaries that have failed the test

are listed in order of severity. Users
can scroll through the list to locate
specific channels. (Multiple failures
are indicated below the list). In this
example MS-REI and HP-REI failures
are present in the 1,1:5:1 tributary.

A verdict of the overall result will be

displayed on completion of the test.

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4.17 Repetitive BERT

Note: The Repetitive BERT tab will become available if selected from the
Measurement Selection page. See Section 4.3 for further details.

Repetitive BERT is useful when

commissioning a microwave link. The
commissioning operator may be
required to plot a graph BER against
C/N (carrier-to-noise ratio). This is
achieved by attenuating the signal
until a specific BER is reached, and
then noting the attenuation used. For
example, in an SDH network the
measurements could be made on a
single channel within an STM-1
signal, where the required BER will
probably be between 1E-6 and 1E-3.

A Repeat Period of I second is adequate for measuring high error rates, but this
period can be adjusted to a maximum of 99 seconds to test for lower rates.

Note: It is important not to confuse the results of the repetitive BERT test for a specific
interval with those on the results page which show the results for the duration of the
test. Further a repetitive BERT is not recommended from a delayed start.

4.18 Automatic Protection Switching

Note: The APS tab will become available if selected from the Measurement
Selection page. See Section 4.3 for further details.

Automatic Protection Switching (APS)

allows network devices to switch
traffic onto a redundant line in the
event of network problems (e.g. high
error rates or heavy congestion).
However, the switch over has to occur
within a specified time, less than
50ms for most lines as specified by
ITU-T (G.841 7.2.2). This is generally
tested by breaking the working line at
a pre-determined point and monitoring
how long the disruption lasts.

Detection can be achieved by

monitoring the reduction in Quality of Service (QoS) or monitoring the resultant
alarms. Depending on the signalling structure the following sensors can be selected,
TSE, MS-AIS, AU-AIS and TU-AIS.

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The Switch time limit (t1) can be set within the range of 10 to 2000ms. The Gate
Time (t2) is used to monitor multiple switches and is achieved by continuing the
detection process for an extended period, with a range from 100 to 5000ms.

By checking the Repetitive box the test will repeat automatically once the switch has
been detected. A green tick shows that the test has passed. A test will fail (shown by a
red cross) if the switch time has not been fast enough or there has been any defect).

4.19 Pointer Analysis

Differences in the phase and
frequency of the Virtual Containers
with respect to the STM-N frame is
compensated for via pointer
movements. Healthy systems should
exhibit low numbers of pointer events
typically operators look for less than
70 pointer events in a 24hour period.
Large numbers of pointer events can
indicate network synchronisation
issues such as tributary signals
operating at large offsets or network
elements not operating from the
correct reference clock. ANT-5
displays the current pointer value together with counts of the numbers of Increments
(+PJE), Decrements (-PJE) and New Data Flags (NDFs). The Sum is the number of
increments and decrements, the Difference is the number of increments less the
number of decrements. The Deviation (in ppm) is the number of times the pointer has
moved in relation to the number of bits received. By checking the Record pointer
events box these events are also timestamped and recorded in the event log and
displayed in the results summary page.

Note: The pointer analysis page will only be available when there is an SDH signal on
the Rx. The TU column will only be visible if there is a tributary path set within the
signal structure. It is advisable that From Rx is set as the Clock Source in the
Interface Setup Tx panel.

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4.20 Delay
Note: The Delay tab will become available if selected from the Measurement
Selection page. See Section 4.3 for further details.

The propagation of delays can

significantly effect the Quality of
Service (QoS). Delays in the network
are characterised by the round trip
delay time. This is the time taken for a
signal to transmit from the transmitter
to the receiver on a loopback and is
achieved by sending a known payload
across the network. Factors effecting
delay include the type of Network
Element deployed and the line length.

Delay measurements will start when

the start button is pressed, and
measurements will keep repeating until the test is stopped.

The Result shows the latest value, there is no history. If a good signal is received, the
units for the result will be in µs if the result is less than 1ms, or ms if it is greater.
Where there is no valid result an asterisk will be displayed, or alternatively the cause
of the problem will be displayed if the result is due to signal problems, e.g. LOS.

Note: When the Delay Measurement is turned on, the PRBS button will contain the
word Delay on the signal structure page which will be greyed out.

4.21 Nx64
The ANT-5 can perform BER testing on a single user selectable 64k timeslot; where
each timeslot has traditionally been used to carry a voice channel; alternatively
multiple timeslots can be tested, supporting data pipe services which can consist of
any permutation of timeslots.

Note: The timeslot page will only be available if 64k is set as the PDH Low Rate in
the PDH Setup panel. Choose 2M as the PDH High Rate to select up to 32 x 64kbit/s
timeslots, or alternatively choose 1.5M as the PDH High Rate to select up to 24 x
64kbit/s timeslots.

Selecting the Timeslot element for Tx or Rx opens the Timeslot Setup panel. (The
element is referred to Ch1 see the graphic in section 4.4).

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1. Once opened select 1x64 for a single

channel or nx64 for multiple channel
selection from the dropdown menu.

2. Select the required timeslots using the

directional and enter keys as required.

3. Press the Esc key to deactivate the

list section and use the directional
keys to select OK or to move to
another part of the screen.

Note: The ANT-5 will only be able to transmit and receive nx64 when E1 framing is
part of the hierarchy. Channel 0 is used for FAS/NFAS and will always be greyed out;
channel 16 (used for signalling purposes) will be greyed out if either PCM30 or
PCM30C are selected as part of the framing structure.

4.22 STM-16 Functionality

An enhanced ANT-5 (BN4565/03) manufactured after December 2002, extends the
maximum bit rate up to 2.5Gbit/s (STM-16/OC-48).

4.22.1 STM-16 G957 Optical transmitter and receiver

Configure the transmitter and receiver as

required. Refer to section 4.4 and its sub-
sections, which describes in detail the settings
for the signal structure.

In this example STM-16 Optical has been

selected as the rate.

The STM-16 transmit signal is constructed

using one STM-1 internally generated signal
(AU-4/AU-3), the other 15 tributaries are loaded with HP-UNEQ. Refer to section 9.4.4
for the G.957 specification.

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Remember: Connect an external optical attenuator to the optical Rx port as care must
be taken not to connect a long-haul (high power) transmitter directly to the receiver,
since this can overload or even damage some receiver modules.

Also, included in this build release are the following features:

• Optical Power Measurement
• PECL NRZ STM monitor port
• E1 Hi-Z input
• PDH T1 Interface
4.22.2 Optical Power Measurement

To identify optical level problems, the

optical power measurement measures
the received optical signal level to a
resolution of 1 dBm with an accuracy
of +/- 3dB. In this example, an Optical
Level of –14dBm has been received.

4.22.3 PECL NRZ STM monitor port

With the Rate set to STM-16 NRZ signals can

be monitored at the electrical monitor point
without the need for optical spitters.

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4.22.4 E1 Hi-Z input

A high input impedance setting for the E1 port

enables E1 signals to be monitored without a
PMP.

4.22.5 Testing PDH T1 Interfaces

For BN4565/03 units an appropriate

cable can test T1 ANSI based
tributaries, as illustrated in this
graphic.

4.23 Saving and exporting results and setups.

Pressing the Menu key and selecting File provides a drop-down menu which can be
used to Open, Save and Export configuration data and results and to Print results to
the serial port. Selecting Options from the Tools menu shows the Current options
installed. This area is also used to Install and Uninstall features as required. The
Help Menu provides access to application information features.

File > Open > Select this option to load an instrument configuration into the
Configuration ANT-5, which has previously been saved either to a card or to the
ANT-5 RAM. The file window will list all valid configuration files on
either the card if it is inserted, or in the ANT-5 RAM, along with
their date and time of creation and a brief description.

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File > Open > Select this option to load a set of test results from a previous test
Results into the ANT-5, which has previously been saved either to a card
or to the ANT-5 RAM. The file window will list all valid results files
on either the card if it is inserted, or in the ANT-5 RAM, along with
their date and time of creation and a brief description. The results
file also includes the corresponding configuration from the time of
the saved test, and will change the configuration of the instrument
when the results file is loaded.

File > Save > Select this option to save an instrument configuration from the
Configuration ANT-5 either to a card or to the ANT-5 RAM. A configuration can
either be saved to an existing file, or a new file can be created. If
a new file is required, the new file name and a brief description
can be manually entered using the ANT-5 keyboard. Assuming
the ANT-5 is networked the configuration can also be saved and
transferred to other units using FTP.

File > Save > Select this option to save a set of test results from the ANT-5
Results either to a card or to the ANT-5 RAM. The set of results can either
be saved to an existing file, or a new file can be created. If a new
file is required, the new file name and a brief description can be
manually entered using the ANT-5 keyboard. Results saved using
this option can only be read back into the ANT-5 instrument.

File > Export > Select this option to export an instrument configuration to a card
Configuration in CSV (comma separated values) format. Results exported using
this option can be read by other PC applications, but cannot be
imported back into the ANT-5 instrument.

File > Export > Select this option to export a summary of the test results to a card
Results in CSV (comma separated values) format. Results exported using
this option can be read by other PC applications, but cannot be
imported back into the ANT-5 instrument.

File > Print > Select this option to

print the test results to
the serial port. A
typical printout is
shown on the next
page.

Note1: To use the Print Results feature successfully, it is important to have the
correct Printer Driver and Serial Port settings rather than relying on the simple serial
port tests mentioned in Sections 2.7.1 and 2.8.

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Note2: Previous mixed mode configurations saved prior to software version 08.00 will
no longer be valid.

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4.23.1 Exporting data to a spreadsheet using a storage card

Assuming that an appropriate driver is available on the PC or laptop, the following

example demonstrates how test results can be saved to a spreadsheet.
1. Insert an appropriate card into the ANT-5.
2. Stop the test and press the Menu key.
3. Select Export from the File menu option.
4. Select Results.
5. Using the arrow keys highlight card: and press the enter key.
6. Select <new file> and enter a filename. (The file will automatically be saved with the
extension .csv)
7. Insert the card into the appropriate slot on the PC or laptop and using a suitable
application open the file.

Note: Ensure that the necessary drivers are enabled and the card is located in the
correct slot. Contact your IT department for further assistance if required.

8. This file displays a host of information relevant to the results and the configuration of
the unit.

4.24 On-Screen LED Indicators

The top portion of the screen is used

by the SDH Access Tester application
to simulate LED indicators on-screen.
Red LED’s are used to display
information that is relevant to the
current setup, whilst yellow LED’s
show historic alarms. The LED will
stay yellow until a new test is started
or of a configuration is changed.

LEDs can be set to be latching or

non-latching in the LEDs section of
the System menu, which can be
displayed by pressing the Alt + Menu key at any time. If the Latching box is checked,
you can reset all latched LED’s by selecting Reset LEDs from the System menu or
alternatively LEDs can be reset from within the ANT-5 application by pressing Menu,
and selecting Tools > Reset LEDs.

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The sixteen on-screen LEDs are arranged as shown below:

LOS Loss of Signal Lof/Oof Loss of Frame

RS/MS Regen / Multiplex Sections B1 Regen. Section error monitor
AU Administrative Unit B2 Mux section error monitor
HP High Order Path B3 HO path error monitor
TU Tributary Unit LP Low Order Path
P-RDI PDH Remote Defect Ind. Fas/Crc FAS / CRC Error
P-AIS PDH AIS P-LOF PDH Loss of Frame
TSE Test Sequence Err. (Bit Err.) LSS Loss of Sequence Sync.

4.25 User Preferences

User preferences enable the user to ‘customise’ parts of the ANT-5 setup to suit their
typical requirements.

User preferences can be set from within the

ANT-5 application by pressing Menu and
selecting Preferences from the Tools
menu.

1. Use the directional keys to highlight the

icons.

2. Press the Enter key to activate this

area.

3. Use the directional keys to select either the General Preferences or the Printer
Header Defaults screen. The graphic above shows the General Preferences
screen which indicates that the laser, speaker and the ANT-5 application will
launch automatically. The name of the operator and user information can be
inserted from the Printer Default screen.

Note: Another icon will be present only when the GUI is used with the Remote
Operation option. Select the cable icon to change the IP Address of the ANT-5. If the
IP address is edited whilst running the application, close and restart to enable the
change.

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4.26 Installed options

Options currently installed can be displayed
by pressing the Menu key from within the
ANT-5 application, and selecting Options
from the Tools menu. This screen is also
used to install and uninstall options, See
Section 5.1 Installing options for further
details.

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5. Optional software for the ANT-5

Options that can be currently purchased include:

Option BN Number
PDH Mux/DeMux 4565/00.58
Concatenated Mapping 4565/00.59
Remote Operation 4565/00.60
Remote Control 4565/00.61
SONET 4565/00.62
AU3 & VT* Mappings 4565/00.53
(*requires SONET option)
ATM (see section 6) 4565/95.54

Note: Options purchased with a factory built ANT-5 will already be installed.

5.1 Installing options

New options purchased for the ANT-5 will be supplied with an access code. Options
are enabled as follows: -

From within the application an access Key

is used to install the option into the unit by
pressing Menu and selecting Options from
the Tools menu.

If an invalid key has been entered three

times, refer to the nearest technical
assistance centre for advice. (This does not
prohibit the unit from being used for other
purposes).

Note: If an invalid key has been entered incorrectly three times, refer to the nearest
technical assistance centre for advice. (This will not prohibit the unit being used for
other purposes).

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5.2 PDH Mux/DeMux

5.2.1 PDH Mux Tx

SDH and PDH network elements process PDH

signals from various hierarchies. Complex,
interlocking signal paths can result, particularly
within modern SDH cross-connects. Here, the
ANT-5 can be used to test complex switching
functions.

The PDH Mux feature allows the generation of

ITU-T Mux chains from E1 to E4, starting and
finishing at any intermediate rate with the
exception of E2 (i.e. E1/E3, E1/E4, E3/E4).

The generation feature allows the insertion of alarms and errors at all levels in the
chain (including E2).

Selecting NFAS setup… opens the NFAS Setup Tx panel. (This is available only
when the 2Mbit/s (E1) signal structure has been selected for transmission).

Note: The Tx hierarchy type should be set to PDH to activate the PDH Mux.

5.2.2 Sa Bit generation Tx

The Spare (Sa) bits in the NFAS (Not Frame

Alignment Signals) of an E1 frame are
available for specific purposes, and can be
used, for example, to provide a remote loop
back of a far end tributary. Bits can be used to
control far end equipment for testing, typically
using a loop-back.

The A-Bit (indicating the remote alarm) and

spare Sa bits (Sa4 – Sa8) can be set. For
each Sa bit it is possible to set 8 binary values. These will be transmitted in
consecutive NFAS.

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5.2.3 Sa-bit monitoring

Assuming the Rx signal structure is

configured to receive framed E1
signals, then Sa bits can also be
monitored by pressing the Results
firmkey and selecting the SA tab.

5.2.4 PDH DeMux Rx

The PDH DeMux feature allows the analysis of

ITU-T DeMux chains from E4 to E1 with the
exception of E2 (i.e. E3/E1, E4/E1, E4/E3).

The analysis feature allows detection of all the

alarms and errors generated. This enables in-
service monitoring of specific channels
contained in PDH signals.

Note: The Rx hierarchy type should be set to PDH to activate the PDH de-Mux.

5.3 Concatenated Mapping

Concatenated STM-4 is being used increasingly to carry high data rate services such
as, ATM, IP and multimedia.

Concatenated Mapping supports bulk contiguous concatenation, which treats the

STM-4 payload as a contiguous virtual container. The alternative (which is not
supported) is virtual concatenation (STM-4v); this uses 4 x VC4 containers to create a
virtual VC4-c container.

A test pattern can be injected throughout the

contiguous concatenated payload of the
Virtual Container in either transmit or receive
mode as required.
1. Set the Rate within the Hierarchy Setup
panel to STM-4 Optical.
2. Set VC Mapping within the Virtual

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Container Setup panel to VC4-4c.

5.4 Remote Operation

Before starting it is advisable to note the communication settings of the ANT-5. Press
Alt+Menu and select Comms… from the System menu, then select PPP and/or
Ethernet as required.

Note 1: Only 3COM 589 chip-set PC cards are supported, model numbers
3CCE589EC and 3CCE589ET. These cards are used only when an Ethernet
connection is made via the PC Card slot. An Ethernet port is fitted from BN 4565/02
onwards, care should be taken not to confuse the E1 120Ω (RJ48) and the Ethernet
port -> (RJ45).
Note 2: Remote operation currently supports the SDH Access Tester Application and
is available only in English.
Note 3: The V.24/PPP connection is available only for the BN4565/01. The V.24/PPP
connection is currently not available on the BN4565/02 or BN4565/03.

Remote Operation is achieved by establishing a suitable communications link, e.g.

dial-up link via modems or over an Ethernet LAN. Once the link has been successfully
set up, the PC/Laptop can communicate with the ANT-5 using the supplied version of
the ANT-5 GUI faceplate. See Appendix F - Remote Access for worked examples of
the configuration.

Ethernet Ethernet
ANT-5

Host computer V24/PPP

Modem Modem
V24/PPP
ANT-5

5.4.1 Software Installation and operation

Note: Ensure that the ANT-5 unit has been fully upgraded and that the corresponding
version of the client software has been installed and is used.

Follow steps 1-3 below if the remote operation client needs to be installed.
1. Insert the ANT-5 Upgrade CD-ROM into the CD drive of the PC.
2. From Windows click on Start > Run and type in:
D:\ANT-5 Remote Operation Client\setup.exe (replace D with the drive
letter for your CD-ROM drive if necessary).
3. Follow the on-line instructions to complete the installation.

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4. Highlight REMOTE and press enter.

5. The ANT-5 unit will then display

Waiting for connection… to alert
other users of the units purpose.
6. From the PC launch the application by
clicking on Start > Programs > ANT-5
Remote Operation Client.

7. When the application is launched you

will be prompted for the IP address of
remote unit which is either the
Ethernet > IP Address or the PPP >
Local IP Address of the remote
ANT-5 depending on the type of
connection made. (Refer to section
2.8.1 for further information).

Note 1: The next time the application is launched, the previous IP address will be
shown as default, click on OK to proceed. If required, the IP address can be edited.
Note 2: When typing in the ANT-5 IP address into a PC environment care should be
taken to avoid any leading zeros. For example 141.169.126.076 would be replaced
with 141.169.126.76. However, all twelve characters are needed for the ANT-5.
Note 3: Edited IP addresses will be available after the ANT-5 has been re-booted.

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After a short while the ANT-5 graphical user interface will load on the PC, green LEDs
will flash in the Tx and Rx boxes of the ANT-5 indicating that the link has been
established.

The PC’s mouse and keyboard are

used to operate the remote ANT-5
just as if you were sitting in front of it.

Use the PC’s keyboard cursor keys to

move around the ANT-5 and the
mouse to select the ANT-5 keyboard
keys. For ease-of-use the function
keys F1-F6 match the function keys
on the ANT-5. Key F10 takes on the
role of the ANT-5 menu key.

Tip: Create a directory on your PC, e.g. ANT-5. Select Menu > File > Save >
Configuration to save configuration files to this directory which later can be opened
by selecting Menu > File > Open > Configuration. Alternatively files can be copied to
other units using FTP, See Section 3.3.2, File Transfer for further details.

5.4.2 Exporting

From the GUI faceplate select Menu > File > Export. From the standard Windows
dialog box, .csv files can be saved to any directory on your PC.

5.4.3 Printing

From the GUI faceplate select Menu > File > Print. A standard Windows dialog box
will allow users to select and configure a printer.

5.4.4 Remote Operation Troubleshooting

1. Ensure that all physical connectors are secure

2. Check that IP address of the physical ANT-5 matches the one used from the GUI
faceplate. (See Sections 2.8.1 and 4.25)

3. Press i from the gui faceplate. If the M/M Version shows a series of zeros,
check the IP address and re-launch the application from the PC.

4. Errors may occur on re-launching the ANT-5 application if previously it has failed to
shutdown correctly. In this instance delete the Auto.A5C file from your C: drive
and re-launch the application from your PC.

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5.5 Remote Control

Refer to Acterna’s ANT-5 Remote Control User Manual for more information.

5.6 SONET
5.6.1 Introduction

Synchronous optical network, known as SONET, is the standard for synchronous

operation used primarily in North America and is defined by ANSI T1. (American
National Standards Institute – Telecommunications 1).

SONET and SDH share many common principles of operation and architecture. A
comparison of the transmission rates supported by ANT-5 is given below:

SONET signal SDH signal Transmission Rate

Mbit/s

Electrical Optical
STS-3 OC-3 STM-1 155.52

Optical
OC-12 STM-4 622.08

Optical
OC-48 STM-16 2488.32

The bit rates depend on the mapping options fitted.

5.6.2 Hierarchy Setup

SONET can be chosen as the Hierarchy Type by selecting the Hierarchy element
from the Tx or Rx panel as required.

If an optical option is fitted then by selecting an

optical Rate e.g. OC-3 as in this example, the
Output will automatically change to Optical in
the Interface Setup panel.

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5.6.3 Synchronous Payload Envelope Setup

SPE Mappings can be selected from the

Synchronous Payload Envelope Setup
element. This element will not be available if a
PDH interface has been selected.

Bulk should be selected as the Tributary if

bulk testing of the virtual container is required.
The test pattern will then be injected across
the whole of the Synchronous Payload
Envelope.

If the unit supports Concatenated Mapping (See Section 5.3) then a test pattern can
be injected throughout the contiguous concatenated payload in either transmit or
receive mode as required by:

1. Setting the Hierarchy Type to SONET.

2. Set the Rate to OC-12

3. Set SPE Mapping within the Synchronous Payload Envelope panel to

STS-12c SPE.

Note: VT1.5 and VT2 mapping will also become selectable if the AU3 mapping option
has been purchased and enabled.

5.6.4 Channel Setup

The channel for testing will depend on the parameters set for the hierarchy and
synchronous payload envelope.

Mappings to the OC Channel

OC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

STS-N 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4

AU-3 channel 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

5.6.5 PDH Setup

Only bit rates and framing types appropriate to the SONET configuration will be
displayed as options within this panel.

5.6.6 SONET LED Indicators

LOS Loss of Signal Lof/Oof Loss of Frame

Line-L Line overhead B1 Section error monitoring

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STS-P STS Path overhead B2 Line error monitoring

VT-V VT Path overhead B3 SP error monitoring
P-RDI PDH Remote Defect Ind. Fas/Crc FAS / CRC Error
P-AIS PDH AIS P-LOF PDH Loss of Frame
TSE Test Sequence Err. (Bit Err.) LSS Loss of Sequence Sync.

5.6.7 SONET information

SONET structure for ANT-5

x1 STS-48c 2396160
STS-48c kbit/s
SPE

x1 STS-12c 599040
STS-N STS-12c
SPE kbit/s*1

x1, x4 STS-3c 139264 E4

STS-3c
SPE kbit/s

x3, x12 x1 44736 DS3

STS-1
STS-1
SPE
34368 E3
kbit/s
x7
VT
x3 2.048 E1
VT2 VT2 SPE
Group kbit/s*2
Pointer x4
processing 1.544 DS1
VT 1.5 VT 1.5 SPE
kbit/s*2
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
Concatenated
*1
option only
VT mapping
*2 option only

SONET Anomalies and Defects

The following table lists the SONET Anomalies and Defects pertinent to ANT-5, their
meanings and detection criteria.
Anomalies Detection Criteria
LOS Loss of signal All-zero pattern for
2.3 µs ≤ T ≤ 100 µs
LOF Loss of frame If SEF persists for ≥ 3ms
AIS-L Alarm Indication Signal – Line K2 (bits 6,7,8) = 111 for ≥ 5
frames

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Anomalies Detection Criteria

RDI-L Remote Defect Indication – Line K2 (bits 6,7,8) = 110 for ≥ z
frames (z = 5 to 10)
LOP-P Loss of Pointer – STS Path 8 to 10 NDF enable
8 to 10 Invalid pointers
AIS-P Alarm Indication Signal – STS Path All “1” in the STS pointer bytes
H1, H2 for ≥ 3 frames
UNEQ-P Unequipped – STS Path C2 = “0” for ≥ 5 (≥ 3 as per
T1.231) frames
RDI-P Remote Defect Indication – STS Path G1 (bit 5) = 1 for ≥ 10 frames
TIM-P Trace Identifier Mismatch – STS Path Mismatch of the accepted and
expected Trace Identifier in byte
J1 (64 bytes sequence)
PLM-P Payload Label Mismatch – STS Path Mismatch of the accepted and
expected Payload Label in byte
C2 for ≥ 5 (≥ 3 as per T1.231)
frames

Defects Byte or Detection Criteria

B1 Section error mismatching B1
B2 Line error mismatching B2
REI-L Remote Error Indication – Line Number of detected B2 errors in
the sink side encoded in byte
M0 or M1 of the source side
B3 Path error mismatching B3
REI-P Remote Error Indication – STS Path Number of detected B3 errors in
the sink side encoded in byte
G1 (bits 1, 2, 3, 4) of the source
side

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5.7 SDH AU-3/SONET VT Mapping

AU-3 Mapping enables the testing of DS-1, E1, E3 and DS3 tributaries mapped into
STM-1 via VC-3/ AU-3, as shown in the following diagram.

2396160
x1 kbit/s
STM-16 AUG16 AU-4-16c VC-4-16c C-4-16c

x4 599040
x1 kbit/s*1
STM-4 AUG4 AU-4-4c VC-4-4c C-4-4c

x4 139264
kbit/s
x1 x1 C-4
STM-1 AUG1 AU-4 VC-4
x3
x1
x3 TUG-3 TU-3 VC-3 44736
34368
kbit/s
x1 C-3
AU-3 VC-3
x7 x7

TUG-2

2048
Pointer x3 kbit/s
AU-4 TU-12 VC-12 C-12
processing
Multiplexing 1544
x4 kbit/s*2
Aligning TU-11 VC-11 C-11
Mapping
Concatenated Mapping
*1 option only
SDH AU-3
*2 mapping option

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The VT mapping function enables the testing of DS-1 and E1 tributaries mapped into
an STS-1 SPE via VT1.5 and VT2 SPE’s as shown in the following diagram. However,
this option also requires the SONET option BN 4565/00.62.

x1 STS-48c 2396160
STS-48c kbit/s
SPE

x1 STS-12c 599040
STS-N STS-12c
SPE kbit/s*1

x1, x4 STS-3c 139264 E4

STS-3c
SPE kbit/s

x3, x12 x1 44736 DS3

STS-1
STS-1
SPE
34368 E3
kbit/s
x7
VT
x3 2.048 E1
VT2 VT2 SPE
Group kbit/s*2
Pointer x4
processing 1.544 DS1
VT 1.5 VT 1.5 SPE
kbit/s*2
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
Concatenated
*1
option only
VT mapping
*2 option only

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6. Asynchronous Transfer Mode – ATM

Option BN Number
ATM 4565/95.54

6.1 ATM Overview

ATM is a cell-oriented switching and mutiplexing technology that uses fixed-length
packets to carry different types of traffic. Like packet switching technologies such as
frame relay and TCP/IP, ATM integrates the multiplexing and switching functions but
in contrast to circuit switching it is also well suited for bursty traffic. ATM therefore
allows communication between devices that operate at different speeds.

6.1.1 The ATM Reference Model

In the sections that follow, the user interface has been described with reference to the
ATM model, namely, the Physical layer, the ATM layer and the Adaptation layer. The
following diagram shows a basic layer model for ATM.

Application

Higher-layer protocols

AAL Layer -
adaptation of data to cell structure

ATM Layer -
multiplexing and switching of cells

Physical Layer -
adaptation of cells to the tranmission medium

Transmission medium

6.2 Introduction
The ATM option expands the applications of the ANT-5 to cover use in ATM networks.
The measurement methods and user interface have been designed for applications
involving user-network interfaces (UNI) and network-network interfaces (NNI).

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Note 1: This section assumes that you are familiar with the functionality of the graphic
user interface. However, before proceeding you may wish to review section 4, The
SDH Access Tester application.

6.2.1 ATM Setup and Result tabs

ATM Tabbed Setup pages

Signal setup page ATM setup page

ATM Setup Summary Channel explorer setup page

ATM Measurement Selection

page

ATM Tabbed Result pages

ATM Cell Statistics ATM Quality of Service

Channel Explorer results

6.3 Configuring the Physical Layer

The signal structure for the particular
device or system under test has to be
configured before setting any ATM
parameters.

Following the Tx setup, this example

shows a PRBS23 pattern passing into
a 140Mbit/s Unframed PDH signal.
This is mapped into a virtual container
VC-4 which is then aligned into an
administrative unit AU-4 and finally
multiplexed into an STM-1, using an
electrical interface. See section 4.4,
Signal Structure setup page for further details on configuring the physical layer.

In most cases the user interface for the Tx is the same as the user interface for the
Rx. An exception to this rule is the ATM Header Rx, where a VCI and/or a CLP filter
can be enabled. See section 6.4.2 for further details.

Where the system under test is symmetrical, and the Tx and Rx structures are
required to be identical, time can be saved by setting up either the Tx or the Rx
structure, and then pressing either the or keys as appropriate. The
structure will be copied from Tx to Rx, or vice versa, as selected.

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6.3.1 Virtual Container Setup Tx

Once the physical layer is configured correctly,

open the Virtual Container Setup Tx panel,
and select the Tributary ATM from the
dropdown menu, then click on OK.

Note: For an SDH structure ensure that VC

Mapping is set to VC4. If ATM is required
within a SONET structure then set the SPE
Mapping to STS-3c SPE.

You will notice that the signal structure page has changed, similar to the diagram
shown below.

Switch to ATM ATM Traffic

ATM Layer
signal structure Off/On

Pattern
Hierarchy

PDH Virtual
Interface
Container

6.4 Configuring the ATM Layer

With reference to the above diagram open the
ATM Layer Tx panel.

UNI or NNI can be selected as the Interface. In

this example the Interface is set to UNI and the
Payload Scrambler has been turned on. The
transmitter can send Idle or Unassigned cells.
In this example, the ATM cell stream will be
stuffed with Unassigned cells when no traffic is
sent. Finally, select the Channel. Channel A tests the foreground channel, and
Channel B is used to carry a fixed payload type on the background channel. Click on
OK when you have set the parameters.

From the signal structure page move the directional keys over Traffic Off panel. The
Enter key can be used to switch Traffic On or Traffic Off as required.

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6.4.1 The ATM structure

Select either the tab from the right

of the screen, or the ATM icon from
the structure setup page. A graphic
similar to the one on the right will be
displayed. The ATM structure can
now be configured.

In this diagram Channel A is

displayed as the channel under test.
The Channel A panel is used to
switch to view other channel setups,
(assuming concurrent channels have
been selected). See section 6.4

ATM Service
ATM Header Contract Attributes

Select to view signal

structure setup

ATM SDU Select to view

Channel B setup

Note: Use the tab or icon to switch to the physical signal structure layer at any
time.

6.4.2 ATM Header Tx

Sets the parameters for the ATM Header. The

Virtual Path Indicator VPI and Virtual Channel
Indicator VCI are used for switching purposes.

VPI identifies the cell belonging to a particular

path, whilst the VCI identifies the cell belonging
to a particular channel.

Four bits are used for Generic Flow Control GFC.

These bits control the flow of data between the
user and the network. GFC can only be set if UNI is selected as the Interface. See
section 6.4, Configuring the ATM Layer for further details.

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Three bits are available for the Payload Type Identifier. The PTI identifies cells
belonging to different types of flow and indicates impending congestion in the network.
See section 6.12.1, PTI coding for reference.

Cell Loss Priority CLP allows cells to be classified as high priority CLP-0 or low priority
CLP-1. In the event of congestion, cells that are set to CLP-1 will be discarded first.

Click on OK when you have set the parameters.

6.4.3 ATM Service Contract Attributes Tx

Sets the parameters for the Service Contract. A

Constant Bit Rate CBR or a Variable Bit Rate
VBR can be selected as the Profile Type. In this
example a CBR has been selected.

A CBR is a class of service that guarantees the

transmission at a constant bit rate, thus
emulating a dedicated transmission link.

In this example a Peak Cell Rate PCR of 25 cells

per second will be sent.

Note: Cells sent at a rate close to 100% of the maximum cell rate will be rounded-up.

In this example a VBR has been selected as the

Profile Type. The user can define the PCR and
the Sustainable Cell Rate SRC. In this example a
repeated pattern of 100 PCR cells will be sent
during T1, where T1 in this example = 1 second.
This will be followed by 50 SCR cells during T2,
where T2 = 1 second (100x10ms)

6.5 Configuring the Adaptation Layer

6.5.1 ATM SDU Setup Tx

Sets the Service Data Units SDU for the device

under test. In this example the Payload Type
has been set to 0.191.

O.191 describes a diagnostic model for

performance analysis in which test cells are
transported over an agreed virtual connection.
The O.191 measurement tests performance on
a cell-by-cell basis in the ATM layer.

The function and performance of other payload types must be considered separately.
For example, the payload type for Channel B will be fixed.

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The Test Cell Format standard is ’97 Format. For example, this format is backwardly
compatible with Acterna ANT-20 Broadband Analyzer/ Generator module. The ’95
Format is backwardly compatible with equipment that uses legacy applications.

6.6 Configuring Channel Explorer

6.6.1 Enabling the Channel Explorer

Select the tab to display the

Measurement Selection page. Select
Channel Explorer to enable the ATM
explorer.

6.6.2 Configuring Explorer Channels

Select the tab to display the

Channel Explorer Setup page. Type
the channel ranges for which the
Explorer displays results. In this
example, the Explorer displays the VPI
channels 0–255, and within each VPI
channel, it displays the VCI channels
0–65535.

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6.7 ATM Setup Summary

The ATM Setup Summary page
displays the parameters that have
been selected for testing.

6.8 ATM Results

The results screens are selected by pressing the Results function key.

6.8.1 Results Summary

The left half of the screen displays the

large OK, as long as there are no
defects or anomalies recorded. If any
defects or anomalies occur during a
test, the large OK is replaced by a list
of continually updated defects and
anomalies that have been detected by
the instrument during the test.

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6.8.2 Injection of ATM Anomalies and Defects

Before anomalies or defects can be

injected, check that the following
parameters are set.

1. Ensure that Channel A is checked

and Traffic On has been selected.
See section 6.4

2. Ensure that the value of the PCR

is greater than zero. See section
6.4.3

To inject an anomaly or defect into the

Tx path, select either ATM Defect
allowing the injection of VC-AIS, VC-RDI, VP-AIS and VP-RDI defects. Alternatively,
select ATM Anomaly allowing the injection of HCOR, HUNC, Cell Error and Cell Loss
anomalies.

Once the parameters are set, press the Inject firm key. The Inject firm key will now be
depressed and the injection icon, , displays an animated syringe when defects or
anomalies are injected. To stop injecting, press the Inject firm key, the injection icon
now disappears.

The Inject firm key appears automatically in the Injection page. To allow injection
from any other page, users can view the Inject firm key by pressing the Alt button.

6.8.3 ATM Cell Statistics

The ATM Cell Statistics page

displays information relating to cells
received on the receiver Rx. Details of
the statistics are given below and
related to the associated graphic.

HCOR or HUNC shows if cells have

been received which contain
correctable or uncorrectable header
errors.

The Link
• Total is the number of cells
received
• Load is the number or percentage of cells that contains user information, including
OAM cells
• Idle/Unassigned is the number or percentage of cells received
• CLP =1 Count of cells where CLP=1. If congestion causes a problem, the network
will discard these cells first

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• OAM is the number or percentage of cells that are used for network management
purposes.
The Specific ATM Path/Channel under test
• VPI and VCI shows the path and channel of the cell under test
• Filtered shows the number or percentage of cells which match the selected
VCI/VPI. This value is with reference to the total value.
• CLP =1. Count of cells where CLP=1. If congestion causes a problem, the network
will discard these cells first which match the VCI/VPI
• OAM is the number or percentage of cells that have been used for network
management purposes that match the VCI/VPI. This value is with reference to the
number of filtered cells.
6.8.4 ATM Quality of Service

The ATM Quality of Service page

shows the results of the QoS test as
defined in ITU-T Recommendation
I.356.

Delay measurements include:

1. Cell transfer delay CTD, is the

time between t2 and t1 of the
test cell where:
t1 = the time the cell enters the
device under test
t2 = the time the cell leaves the
device under test

2. Cell delay variation CDV, is the degree of variation in the CTD of the virtual
connection. By defining the QoS it is possible to offer different levels of service,
for example, by offering different guaranteed maximum cell loss rates. This
gives service providers a means for structuring the changes made for the
service, but also, the service provider must be able to demonstrate the QoS to
ITU-T O.191.

Cells exceeding the specified maximum delay are assumed to be of significantly

reduced value to the application.

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6.8.5 Viewing Results from the Channel Explorer

The Channel Explorer lists results for

channels on which the ANT-5 conducts
tests. You can scroll down the entire
list of channels, or type channel
numbers in the VPI and VCI text boxes.
If you type the number of a channel
that is not available, the Explorer lists
the next lowest channel. The time
stamp indicates the most recent time a
VPI/VCI channel was detected.

6.9 ATM anomaly and defect results

6.9.1 Defect Panel

The Defect Panel view lists the ATM

defects, namely LCD, VC-AIS,
VC-RDI, VP-AIS and VP-RDI defects.
The defect panel continually updates,
displaying active events in red. The
defect panel LED’s turn yellow during
a test to show historic alarms, that is,
defects that have been raised during
a test but are not currently active. To
reset the LEDS press Alt and Menu
and select System >LEDs >Reset
LEDs.

Note: PLM, UNEQ and TIM alarms are associated with G832 framing in PDH E3 or
E4 mode. If these alarms are generated the HP soft led situated at the top of the
screen will light up.

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6.9.2 Event Log

The Event Log view lists ATM events

in time order as they occur during a
test, including start-time, stop-time
and duration of the defect or total
anomalies per second.

6.9.3 Anomaly count

The Anomaly Count view lists the

ATM anomalies in hierarchical order
which are relevant to the current test.
The number of anomalies occurring
during a test are counted for each
anomaly type, and the ratio of each
anomaly within the elapsed period of
test is displayed.

6.9.4 Graphs

The Graph view displays a graphical

timeline representation of ATM
anomalies or defects that have been
detected during the test. The bar
displayed indicates that an event was
detected during the time interval.

The list of anomalies or defects is

shown on the left of the chart and can
also be scrolled vertically if required.

Refer to section 4.13.4, Graphs for an

example on how to use the detailed
zoom feature. The benefit of the

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Asynchronous Transfer Mode – ATM

zoomed feature is it allows time to be shown in different units for maximum effect.

6.10 ATM LED Indicators

The sixteen on-screen LEDS relevant to ATM testing are arranged as shown below:

LOS Loss of Signal Lof/Oof Loss of Frame

RS/MS Regen / Multiplex Sections Bx Section or path error monitor
AU Administrative Unit Fas/Crc FAS / CRC Error
HP High Order Path LP Low Order Path
TU Tributary Unit ATM VP Virtual Path alarm
P-RDI PDH Remote Defect Ind. ATM VC Virtual Channel alarm
P-AIS PDH AIS LCD Loss of Cell Delineation
TSE Test Sequence Err. (Bit Err.) LSS Loss of Sequence Sync.

6.11 Further reading

A useful resource is Acterna’s ATM Pocket Guide. (Literature order number:
TP/EN/PG04/0400/AE Repl. 1020.) This guide introduces the basics of ATM and gives
some details on various measurement methods.

6.12 ATM Reference

6.12.1 PTI coding

As per ITU-T recommendation I.361, three bits are used for PT indentification.

Number PTI value Interpretation

0 000 User data cell, congestion not experienced

1 001 User data cell, congestion not experienced

2 010 User data cell, congestion experienced

3 011 User data cell, congestion experienced

4 100 OAM F5 segment associated cell

5 101 OAM F5 end-to-end associated cell

6 110 Resource management cell

7 111 Reserved for future VC functions

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 Troubleshooting

7. Troubleshooting

7.1 Self-test failure

7.1.1 BN 4565/01 Series

When the ANT-5 is switched on, it automatically runs a self-test procedure and lights
the , and LEDs above the screen in a sequence of colours which
indicates the progress through the self-test. If the tests fail at any point, there will be a
series of beeps and the static pattern on the LEDs will remain visible to assist in fault
diagnosis. The Off key will then be the only working key available. If a self-test failure
occurs, it is unlikely that the user will be able to correct the fault or continue to use the
ANT-5 successfully. If the progress bar stalls at any point please refer to Section 8,
Customer support, and contact the nearest Acterna Sales Office or Technical
Assistance Centre.

7.1.2 BN 4565/02 onwards

When the ANT-5 is switched on, it automatically runs a self-test sequence which runs
from left to right across the screen and indicates the progress through the test. If the
progress bar stalls at any point please refer to Section 8, Customer support, and
contact the nearest Acterna Sales Office or Technical Assistance Centre.

Note: When the battery charge is very low, it may be possible for the ANT-5 to switch
on but fail to complete its self-test procedure before automatically switching off due to
the low battery. This is not a self-test failure and can be corrected by charging the
battery.

7.2 No screen image

If the screen shows no image and no backlight, it may have turned itself off in order to
save battery power. If this is the case the screen LED ( ) should be on to indicate
that the screen has been blanked. The full screen display can be restored by pressing
any key. See Section2.13, Power saving features.

If the screen shows no image with the backlight on, it is possible that the LCD contrast
needs adjustment. See Section 2.6.1, Adjusting the screen contrast.

7.3 No beep when the storage card is inserted

If the ANT-5 does not beep when a storage card is inserted, then the following should
be checked:

• The card is firmly inserted and correctly seated in the slot.

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Troubleshooting

• If a PC card has been used, ensure that it has been formatted with an MS-DOS
compatible file system. If the card can be read normally by a PC with a suitable slot,
then it is possible that there is a problem with the ANT-5. See Section 3.2.6.

If the failure continues please refer to Section 8, Customer support, and contact the
nearest Acterna Sales Office or Technical Assistance Centre.

If it is necessary to send the ANT-5 for repair, the storage card should be included if
possible.

7.4 Screen dump fails

If a screen dump fails to be saved in a file or sent to the serial port, the Screen Dump
feature may have been set to DISABLED in the Printer section of the System menu.
The settings used for the other parameters in the Printer and Serial Port sections
should also be checked.

7.5 Errors caused by poor optical connections

Unexplained errors may be caused by poorly aligned or dirty optical connectors. If this
problem is suspected, remake the optical connections as follows:

WARNING: Invisible laser radiation.

Note: Read the safety information in Section 1.8.3, Laser safety, before proceeding.

1. Deactivate the ANT-5 laser source (Tx), by clearing the Laser On checkbox in the
Interface Setup Tx panel. See Section 4.4.2 for further details.

2. Deactivate the incoming laser source connected to the Rx connector of the ANT-5.

3. Unscrew each patch lead and lift it away to break the connection.

4. Clean the ANT-5 connectors and patch lead connectors by an approved method
such as those outlined in Section 1.8.4, Cleaning optical connectors.

5. Holding the ANT-5 in a vertical position with the rear connectors facing upwards,
carefully locate and screw on the patch lead connectors making sure that each
locating lug is in the correct position and the patch lead is held straight.

6. Re-activate the laser sources after both patch leads have been reconnected.

7.6 Battery performance and conditioning

If the ANT-5 battery is put through a large number of incomplete cycles of charging
and discharging, the process of monitoring the charge level will gradually become less
certain. The Battery Level indicator will warn of this situation by displaying the

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 Troubleshooting

message ‘Reading may be inaccurate’. If this occurs, the battery conditioning

procedure described below should be followed to re-establish the upper and lower
limits for the charge indicator.

7.6.1 Battery conditioning

The battery can be conditioned by performing two full discharge/recharge cycles as

follows:

1. Disable the timed Auto Power-off feature in the Power Saving section of the
Preferences menu.

2. Discharge the battery by leaving the ANT-5 switched on with the external power
supply disconnected. The ANT-5 will switch itself off when the battery is fully
discharged.

3. Reconnect the external power supply and check that the battery LED, , is lit.

4. Leave the ANT-5 switched off whilst the battery is charging. An adequate charge
will be reached within 3 hours and the ANT-5 will automatically switch to a trickle
charge mode when fully charged.

5. Repeat actions 2, 3 and 4 for a second discharge/recharge cycle.

6. Re-enable the timed Auto Power-off feature if required.

7.6.2 Replacing the ANT-5 battery pack

If the rechargeable battery pack develops a fault it can be replaced locally in an

appropriately equipped workshop where protection can be provided from
contamination and static discharge. Replacement battery packs can be obtained from
your nearest Acterna Sales Office or Technical Assistance Centre.

The battery pack can be replaced as follows:

WARNING: Static Sensitive.

Note: Replacing the ANT-5 battery pack may unavoidably cause the setup information
under the System and Preferences menus to return to their default settings.
However, data can be retained if an external power supply is connected.

1. Switch off the ANT-5 and disconnect all connections and the external mains power
supply.

2. Invert the ANT-5 so that the underside is uppermost and the front bumper is closest
to you. Take care to protect the screen and keyboard if the ANT-5 is placed on a
hard surface.

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Troubleshooting

3. The battery compartment is located underneath the ANT-5, just behind the front
bumper. Access is provided by two screws at the rear edge of the battery
compartment cover.

4. Remove the two screws and open the cover to reveal the battery pack. Do not
remove any other screws.

5. Carefully lift out the battery pack and disconnect the battery cable at the plastic
connector where it emerges from inside the ANT-5.

6. Plug in the replacement battery pack and place it in the battery compartment.

7. Refit the battery compartment cover.

8. The battery pack should now be charged and conditioned as described in Section
7.6.1, Battery conditioning. This procedure will establish the initial conditions for
the battery charge indicator.

7.7 Accessing test results if the unit has been powered down.
The ANT-5 will not switch itself off if a test is running. However, if the unit is
accidentally switched off, or there is no power left in the battery, results will be saved
in the internal: device of the File Manager. These will be saved as AUTO files, with
suffixes of .A5R; the time and date will also be present so that the results are easily
identified.

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8. Customer support

8.1 Questions about Acterna products

Any questions regarding the installation, operation, maintenance or repair of any
product in the Acterna product range should be addressed to the nearest Acterna
Sales Office or Technical Assistance Centre. For locality information visit our web site,
www.acterna.com, or contact the nearest Regional Sales Office as listed on the back
of the manual.

8.2 Customer Services

Global Services and Solutions markets a broad portfolio of services including
consultancy and training, enabling customers to aggressively build their competitive
advantage within the markets they serve. Information can be found on our web site
under Services or by contacting the nearest Acterna Sales Office.

8.3 Service procedure

If it is necessary to send the instrument for maintenance or repair, please contact the
nearest Acterna Sales Office or Technical Assistance Centre as above.

To assist our service engineers in responding to your enquiry, the fault which occurred
should be fully described and a note made of the circumstances at the time and any
error messages seen. The version information listed in Section 8.4 should also be
included where possible.

If possible, the original packing should be used for returning the instrument, otherwise
suitable packaging should be used to avoid damage in transit. Insurance against loss
or damage in transit is also recommended.

8.4 Version information and serial numbers

The version information and serial numbers of the instrument and application software
can be obtained as follows:
• The serial number of the instrument, located on its underside.

• The hardware/software version information and electronic identity numbers can be

displayed by pressing the Alt+Menu key, then selecting About from the Help
menu.

• The version information for the SDH Access Tester application can be displayed by
pressing the i key from within the application. Press the Enter or Esc keys
to remove the About screen and, if you do not want to remain in the application,
press Alt+Esc to switch to the application launcher.

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• The options currently installed can be displayed by pressing Menu and selecting
Options from the Tools menu. This function can also be used to install and
uninstall software options, which is generally carried out at an Acterna Sales
Office, or Technical Assistance Centre.

If required, the About screens can be saved in a file or sent to a printer on the serial
port by pressing Alt+#. See Section 2.7, Printing the current screen.

8.5 Software loading

The ANT-5 is designed to provide an easy path for future upgrades and
enhancements, not only in the form of software applications, but also by replacing the
core software for the ANT-5 itself.

Software will usually be supplied on a CD ROM, although other formats may also be
employed in the future. To load any software into the ANT-5, refer to the instructions
supplied with the software media.

8.5.1 Deleting software applications

WARNING: Do not do this unless you intend to delete an application.

Software applications can be deleted by highlighting the appropriate icon in the

application launcher screen and pressing Alt+Del (press Del whilst holding the Alt key
down). Next time the ANT-5 is switched on it will run a purging routine to reclaim the
memory which has been made available.

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 Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information

9. Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information

Note: These specifications are valid under the nominal operating conditions, unless
otherwise stated. Error limits are stated as operating errors or as intrinsic errors and
variations, these terms being as defined in IEC 359.

9.1 General
Serial port....................................................................... 9-way, male, D-type connector
PC Card slot (BN4565/01 only) .............................................. Single, standard PC Card
Supported PC Cards (BN4565/01 only) ..............................PCMCIA/JEIDA Types I & II
5V SRAM cards with grounding/EMC clips
MS-DOS compatible file system
CompactFlash card slot (BN 4565/02 onwards)... Single, standard CompactFlash Card
Supported CompactFlash cards .................................................................. Types I & II

BN4565/01 series
Dimensions (LxWxH)................................................ approx. 258mm x 199mm x 95mm
(10.1in. x 7.8in. x 3.7in.)
Weight ...................................................................................... approx. 2.35 kg (5.18 lb)

BN 4565/02 onwards
Dimensions (LxWxH)................................................ approx. 275mm x 197mm x 76mm
(10.95in. x 7.9in. x 3in.)
Weight ........................................................................................ approx. 2.2 kg (4.85 lb)

9.2 External Power Supply

BN4565/01 series

Type ..................................................................................................................... PPS-1

Input .................................................................................100-240V, 0.7A, 50/60Hz, AC
Output ......................................................................................................12V, 2.5A, DC
BN 4565/02 onwards

Type ..................................................................................................................... PPS-2

Input .................................................................................100-240V, 1.6A, 47/63Hz, AC
Output .........................................................................................................19V, 3A, DC

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Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information

Note: The PPS external power supply is supplied with an integral DC cable and a
separate AC mains cable. The country of use must be specified when ordering the
mains cable so that the correct plug is supplied.

9.3 Environment
Storage temperature .................................................... -20°C to +60°C (-4°F to +140°F)
Battery charging temperature ........................................ +5°C to +30°C (41°F to +86°F)
Operating temperature................................................. +5°C to +45°C (41°F to +113°F)
Condensation..................................................... Occasional short-term condensation is
allowed but performance is not guaranteed
Humidity............................................................................. Continuous operation in hot,
humid climates is not guaranteed

9.4 Electrical and Mechanical

9.4.1 G703 Transmitters

Interface...................................................................................................... ITU-T G.703

Connectors and Impedance...................BNC (unbalanced) .................................... 75Ω
RJ48 (2048 kbit/s balanced) ................... 120Ω
Bit rate ....................................................... 2048, 34368, 44736, 139264, 155520 kbit/s
Line code ........................................................................................... CMI, B3ZS, HDB3
Clock source ..........................................SDH hierarchy .................... Internal, From Rx,
Ext. Data 2048 kbit/s,
Ext. Clock 2 MHz
PDH hierarchy ..................... Internal, From Rx
Isolation, BNC and RJ48.........................................for connection to SELV circuits only

9.4.2 G.703 Receivers

Interface...................................................................................................... ITU-T G.703

Connectors and Impedance...................BNC (unbalanced) .................................... 75Ω
RJ48 (2048 kbit/s balanced) ................... 120Ω
Bit rate ....................................................... 2048, 34368, 44736, 139264, 155520 kbit/s
Jitter performance .................................To ITU-T G.823 G.824 for DS3, G.825 for SDH
Line code ........................................................................................... CMI, B3ZS, HDB3
Isolation, BNC and RJ48.........................................for connection to SELV circuits only

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 Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information

9.4.3 Protected Monitor Point

PMP ...............................................-20dB to –26dB linear attenuation to ITU-T G.772**

**ANT-5 is fully compliant with ITU-T G772, sections 2.2 and 3.2 (PMP incorporated in
transmission equipment).

Compliance with sec 2.3 and 3.3 (PMP between transmission equipment) is achieved
subject to the following conditions:

Bit errors may be encountered when √f and jitter are both at their maximum permitted
values. In addition the following precautions should be taken:

The ANT-5 should be allowed to stabilise to an ambient temperature for a period of 5

minutes before any measurements are taken.

For E3, root-f between 0 ≤ attenuation ≤ 6dB (max) is permitted.

Performance at E1, E3 and DS3 extends to –26dB (linear attenuation) for full
compatibility with older types of transmission equipment.

9.4.4 G.957 Optical Transmitter and Receiver

The following only applies if optical interfaces are fitted:

Connector............................................................................................................. FC/PC
Line code................................................................................................scrambled NRZ
Transmitter wavelengths .........................................................1310 nm and/or 1550 nm
(Depending on option fitted)
Line bit rates............................................. 155.52 Mbit/s 622.080 Mbit/s 2488.32 Mbit/s
(Depending on option fitted)
Receiver wavelength range..............................................................1100nm to 1580nm
9.4.5 Optical Output and Input levels

Option Output levels Input sensitivity

BN4565/00.01 STM-1 1310nm -8 to -15dBm -28dBm

BN4565/00.02 STM-1 1550nm -8 to -15dBm -28dBm
BN4565/00.03 STM-1 1310 + 1550nm -8 to -15dBm -28dBm
BN4565/00.14 STM-1/4 1310 + 1550nm -8 to -15dBm -28dBm
BN4565/00.64 STM-1/4 1310nm LR 0 to -5dBm -28dBm
BN4565/91.16 STM-1/4/16 1310 + 1550nm +3 to -2dBm -34dBm @ 155Mps
-28dBm @ 622Mps
-28dBm @ 2488Mps

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9.4.6 ECL NRZ monitor specifications

The following only applies to STM-16 units

Connector ............................................................................ SMA, unbalanced (coaxial)

Impedance ......................................................................................... AC Coupling, 50Ω
Line code .............................................................................................NRZ (scrambled)
Bit rate .......................................................155.52 Mbit/s, 622.08 Mbit/s, 2488.32Mbit/s
Input voltage range (peak to peak) ............................................................ 200mV to 1V

9.4.7 PDH T1 Interface

The following only applies to STM-16 units

Connector .......................................................................................... Bantam, balanced

Input impedance .................................................................................................... 100Ω
Bit rate .......................................................................................................... 1.544Mbps
9.4.8 External Clock

Connector ..................................................................................BNC (unbalanced) 75Ω

Input....................................................................................... External Data 2048 kbit/s,
External Clock 2 MHz

9.5 Specification and features of the SDH Access Tester application

9.5.1 SDH STM-1 Mappings – base software

Containers ...............................................................................................C-12, C-3, C-4

Administrative Units ................................................................................................AU-4
9.5.2 Timers

Manual ...................................................................................................User start / stop

Timed.............................................................User start, stop after pre-defined duration
Automatic..................................................................................Start at pre-defined time
Stop after pre-defined duration
9.5.3 Storage

Measurement results and instrument configuration can be stored in non-volatile

memory or on the storage card. The amount of storage depends on the size of card
used. Results can also be sent to a printer or exported to a PC.

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 Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information

9.5.4 Test Patterns

Test patterns may be executed on any of the provided bit rates either directly at the
SDH interface or within the STMn substructure. ITU-T & Non ITU-T.
PRBS ........................................................................................ 215-1, 220-1, 223-1, 231-1
Inverted PRBS........................................................................... 215-1, 220-1, 223-1, 231-1
Programmable 16-bit digital word
Traffic (Rx only) ...............................................................................................................
The Traffic pattern should be selected if the incoming signal is expected to contain
network traffic. Selecting this option effectively disables the pattern detection process
and the reporting of LSS defects.

9.5.5 Defects and Anomalies Monitoring

All anomalies and defects for STMn, E4, DS3, E3 and E1

For 2048 kbit/s, PCM30, PCM30C, PCM31 and PCM31C framing supported
9.5.6 Defects and Anomalies Injection

All defects and anomalies may be injected

Single, Rate or Continuous injection
LEDs and beeper for audible/visual notification
9.5.7 Overhead Analysis and Injection

The following bytes within SOH and POH may be analysed and injected:
C2, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, E1, E2, F1, F2, F3, G1, J0,
J1, J2, K1, K2, K3, K4, M1, N1, N2, S1, V5, Z1, Z2.
The following bytes within SOH and POH may be analysed but NOT injected:
A1, A2, B1, B2, B3, H1, H2, H3, H4, Y.
9.5.8 Performance Analysis

PDH Rates .................................................................................. G.821, G.826, M.2100

SDH STMn .........................................................G.826, G.828, G.829, M.2100, M.2101
SONET................................................................................................................... ANSI

9.6 Optional Accessories

The range of optional accessories available for the ANT-5 includes a shoulder bag,
neck strap and hard carrying cases. Please contact the nearest Acterna Sales Office
or Technical Assistance Centre for the latest information. For locality information visit
our web site, www.acterna.com, or contact the nearest Regional Sales Office as
listed on the back of the manual.

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Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information

9.6.1 Hardware options and order numbers

Option Order Number

STM-1 1310nm BN4565/00.01
STM-1 1550nm BN4565/00.02
STM-1 1310/1550nm BN4565/00.03
STM-1/4 1310/1550nm BN4565/00.14
STM-16 Contact Acterna

9.6.2 Cables

Balanced E1 Cable RJ48 / 2xCF ..........................................................................K1597

For the serial port, a serial printer cable (K1524), modem cable (K1550) and null
modem cable (K1619) are available. See Appendix C – Serial port and adapter
cables.

9.6.3 PC Cards – BN4565/01 series

Acterna Part numbers for compatible PC Cards are as follows:

5V SRAM card, 512 kbyte....................................................................... BN 4548/00.12

5V SRAM card, 1 Mbyte ......................................................................... BN 4548/00.11
5V SRAM card, 2 Mbyte ......................................................................... BN 4564/00.05

Note: If an Ethernet connection is made via the PC Card slot, only 3COM 589 chip-set
PC cards are supported, model numbers 3CCE589EC and 3CCE589ET.

9.6.4 CompactFlash Cards – BN 4565/02 onwards

Optional CompactFlash card 16 Mbyte + adapter................................... BN 4548/00.42

9.6.5 T1 testing

Bit rates using the T1 input impedance of 100Ω can be tested using the E1 BNC Tx
and Rx interfaces on the ANT-5. An optional balum and cables can be purchased from
Acterna, (BN4565/00.78). Contact the nearest Acterna Sales Office or Technical
Assistance Centre for further details.

9.7 Ordering information

Please contact the nearest Acterna Sales Office or Technical Assistance Centre. For
locality information visit our web site, www.acterna.com, or contact the nearest
Regional Sales Office as listed on the back of the manual.

Page 122 Acterna ANT-5

 Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information

Note: When purchasing further items to expand existing hardware and software, some
identification details may be required. Refer to Section 8.4, Version information and
serial numbers, for further information.

Acterna ANT-5 Page 123

Appendix A – Specifications and ordering information

Page 124 Acterna ANT-5

 Appendix B – Standards Compliance

10. Appendix B – Standards Compliance

10.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility

This instrument meets the CE requirements of EMC Directive 89/336/EEC and its
amendments. The standards applied are:
EN 61326 1997 ......................................Electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use – EMC requirements.
EN 55022 (CISPR 22) 1998 ................................... Radiated and conducted emissions
IEC 1000-4-2 1995 ...................................................Immunity to electrostatic discharge
IEC 1000-4-3 1995 ....................................................Immunity to electromagnetic fields
IEC 1000-4-4 1995 ....................................................... Immunity to fast burst transients
IEC 1000-4-5 1995 ........................................................................... Immunity to surges
IEC 1000-4-6 1996 ................................................................ Immunity to conducted RF

10.2 Safety
The instrument complies with the safety objective of:
The Council Directive dated 19th February 1973 on the approximation of the laws of
the Member States concerning electrical operating equipment for use within certain
voltage limits (Low Voltage Directive – 73/23/EEC), amended by the Council Directive
dated 22nd July 1993 (93/68/EEC).

To test the compliance of the instrument the following standard was used:
EN 61010-1 (1993/A2:1995) Safety Regulations for Electrical Measuring, Control and
Laboratory Instruments – Part 1: General Requirements.

This equipment is intended to be used in a pollution degree 2 environment and is

considered to be installation category II.
For indoor use only.

The following only applies if optical interfaces are fitted:

WARNING: Class 1 Laser Product.

10.3 R&TTE Directive

Hereby Acterna declares that this SDH Tester is in compliance with the essential
requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.

Acterna ANT-5 Page 125

Appendix B – Standards Compliance

10.4 EC Declaration of Conformity

Page 126 Acterna ANT-5

 Appendix C – Serial port and adapter cables

11. Appendix C – Serial port and adapter cables

11.1 Serial port

The ANT-5 serial port is 9-way, male, D-type connector which is wired as a DTE.

Serial port
connections (DTE)
DCD
1
RD
2
TD
3
DTR (+5V)
4
SGND
5
DSR
6
RTS
7
CTS
8
RI
9

11.2 Serial adapter cables

A serial printer cable (K1524), modem cable (K1550) and a null modem cable (K1619)
are available as shown below.

Printer cable K1524

DCD 1 4 RTS

RD 2 2 TD

TD 3 3 RD

9 pin female DTR 4 5 CTS 25 pin male

Connects to Connects to
ANT-5 (DTE) DSR 6 6 DSR Printer (DTE)

CTS 8 20 DTR

SGND 5 7 SGND

RTS 7 8 DCD

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Appendix C – Serial port and adapter cables

Modem cable K1550

DCD 1 8 DCD

RD 2 3 RD

TD 3 2 TD

DTR 4 20 DTR
9 pin female 25 pin male
Connects to SGND 5 7 SGND Connects to
ANT-5 (DTE) Modem (DCE)
DSR 6 6 DSR

RTS 7 4 RTS

CTS 8 5 CTS

RI 9 22 RI

11.3 Serial-to-parallel adapter cable

A serial-to-parallel printer cable, K1589, is available to convert the serial output from
the ANT-5 for use with parallel printers. It comes with a 9-way to 25-way adapter. It is
advisable to connect the printer cable to the ANT-5 before switching the unit on.

This cable has a number of internal jumper settings which must be configured by the
user prior to use. These settings must match the settings in the Serial Port section of
the System menu. The jumpers are accessible by removing the four securing screws
in the headshell; further details are supplied with the cable. K1589 has been tested
with the HP Deskjet 320 printer in the following configuration:
Baud Rate 19200 Parity NONE Stop Bits ONE
Word Length 8 BITS Flow Control SOFT

Note: Cable K1589 is classified as Limit A according to EN55022.

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 Appendix C – Serial port and adapter cables

11.4 RJ48 Connector

RJ48 Connector

RXT
1
RXR
2
RXG
3
TXT
4
TXR
5
6 RXG
Not used
7
Not used
8
XT=Tip, XR=Ring and XG=Ground

Acterna ANT-5 Page 129

Appendix C – Serial port and adapter cables

Page 130 Acterna ANT-5

 Appendix D – SDH and PDH information

12. Appendix D – SDH and PDH information

12.1 SDH structure for ANT-5

2396160
x1 kbit/s
STM-16 AUG16 AU-4-16c VC-4-16c C-4-16c

x4 599040
x1 kbit/s*1
STM-4 AUG4 AU-4-4c VC-4-4c C-4-4c

x4 139264
kbit/s
x1 x1 C-4
STM-1 AUG1 AU-4 VC-4
x3
x1
x3 TUG-3 TU-3 VC-3 44736
34368
kbit/s
x1 C-3
AU-3 VC-3
x7 x7

TUG-2

2048
Pointer x3 kbit/s
AU-4 TU-12 VC-12 C-12
processing
Multiplexing 1544
x4 kbit/s*2
Aligning TU-11 VC-11 C-11
Mapping
Concatenated Mapping
*1 option only
SDH AU-3
*2 mapping option

Acterna ANT-5 Page 131

Appendix D – SDH and PDH information

12.2 SDH defect hierarchy

Regenerator Multiplex Higher Order Lower Order

Section Section Path Path

LOS/LOF

AI
S
RS-TIM J0
BIP Error B1
MS-AIS K2

AI
S
MS-BIP Error B2
MS-REI M1
MS-RDI K2
AU-AIS

AI
S
AU-LOP
HP-UNEQ C2

AI
S
HP-TIM J1
HP-BIP Error B3
HP-REI G1
HP-RDI G1
TU-AIS

AI
S
TU-LOP
LOM H4
HP-PLM C2
LP-UNEQ V5

AI
S
LP-TIM J2
LP-BIP Error V5
LP-REI V5
LP-RDI V5

AI
S
LP-PLM V5

Detection Generation

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 ITU-T Tributary ITU-T Tributary ITU-T Tributary

B1
Method Method Method

AIS
Method Method Method

LSS
TSE

LOF
LOS
SDH

OOF

RS-TIM
VC#
VC#
VC#

TU-13
TU-13
TU-13

TU-12
TU-12
TU-12

TUG-2
TUG-3
TUG-2
TUG-2
TUG-3
TUG-2
TUG-2
TUG-3
TUG-2

TUG-12
TUG-12
TUG-12
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 22 2 1 1 1 1 3 43 3 1 1
2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 23 2 1 2 2 1 3 44 3 1 2

Regenerator Section
3 1 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 2 24 2 1 3 3 1 3 45 3 1 3
1 2 1 4 1 2 1 1 2 2 25 2 2 1 1 2 3 46 3 2 1
2 2 1 5 1 2 2 2 2 2 26 2 2 2 2 2 3 47 3 2 2

Description

Out of frame
Loss of frame
12.3 SDH Tributary Numbering

Loss of signal
3 2 1 6 1 2 3 3 2 2 27 2 2 3 3 2 3 48 3 2 3

12.4 SDH Anomalies and Defects

1 3 1 7 1 3 1 1 3 2 28 2 3 1 1 3 3 49 3 3 1
2 3 1 8 1 3 2 2 3 2 29 2 3 2 2 3 3 50 3 3 2

Alarm indication signal

3 3 1 9 1 3 3 3 3 2 30 2 3 3 3 3 3 51 3 3 3

RS trace identifier mismatch

1 4 1 10 1 4 1 1 4 2 31 2 4 1 1 4 3 52 3 4 1

Test sequence error (bit error)

2 4 1 11 1 4 2 2 4 2 32 2 4 2 2 4 3 53 3 4 2
3 4 1 12 1 4 3 3 4 2 33 2 4 3 3 4 3 54 3 4 3

Loss of Sequence Synchronisation

Regenerator section error monitoring

1 5 1 13 1 5 1 1 5 2 34 2 5 1 1 5 3 55 3 5 1
2 5 1 14 1 5 2 2 5 2 35 2 5 2 2 5 3 56 3 5 2
3 5 1 15 1 5 3 3 5 2 36 2 5 3 3 5 3 57 3 5 3
1 6 1 16 1 6 1 1 6 2 37 2 6 1 1 6 3 58 3 6 1
2 6 1 17 1 6 2 2 6 2 38 2 6 2 2 6 3 59 3 6 2
3 6 1 18 1 6 3 3 6 2 39 2 6 3 3 6 3 60 3 6 3

J0
B1
1 7 1 19 1 7 1 1 7 2 40 2 7 1 1 7 3 61 3 7 1

A1, A2
A1, A2
2 7 1 20 1 7 2 2 7 2 41 2 7 2 2 7 3 62 3 7 2

Acterna ANT-5
3 7 1 21 1 7 3 3 7 2 42 2 7 3 3 7 3 63 3 7 3

Overhead Byte

Page 133
Appendix D – SDH and PDH information
Appendix D – SDH and PDH information

Multiplex Section
MS-AIS Multiplex section AIS K2
MS-RDI Multiplex section remote defect indication K2
MS-REI Multiplex section remote error indication M1
B2 (24 bits) Multiplex section error monitoring B2
Administrative Unit
AU-LOP Loss of AU pointer H1, H2
AU-NDF New data flag AU pointer
AU-AIS Administrative unit AIS AU incl. H1, H2
AU+PJE AU positive pointer justification event H1, H2
AU-PJE AU negative pointer justification event H1, H2
High Order Path
HP-UNEQ HO path unequipped C2
HP-RDI HO remote defect indication G1
HP-REI HO remote error indication G1
HP-TIM HO path trace identifier mismatch J1
HP-PLM HO path payload label mismatch C2
B3 HO path error monitoring B3
Tributary Unit
TU-LOP Loss of TU pointer V1, V2
TU-NDF New data flag TU pointer
TU-AIS TU alarm indication signal TU incl. V1 to V4
TU-LOM TU loss of multiframe H4
TU+PJE TU positive pointer justification event H1, H2
TU-PJE TU negative pointer justification event H1, H2
Low Order Path
LP-UNEQ LO path unequipped V5
LP-RDI LO path remote defect indication V5
LP-REI LO path remote error indication V5
LP-RFI LO path remote failure indication V5
LP-TIM LO path trace identifier mismatch J2
LP-PLM LO path payload label mismatch V5
BIP-2 LO path error monitoring (VC-11/VC-12) V5
B3 LO path error monitoring (VC-3) B3

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 Appendix D – SDH and PDH information

Tandem Connection Monitoring

HP-IEC HP incoming error count N1
HP-ODI HP outgoing defect indicator N1
HP-OEI HP outgoing error indicator N1
HP-TC-AIS TC alarm indication signal N1
HP-TC-LTC Loss of tandem connection (i.e. loss of FAS) N1
HP-TC-RDI TC remote defect indication N1
HP-TC-REI TC remote error indication N1
HP-TC-UNEQ TC unequipped (i.e. not set up) N1
LP-BIP LO path error monitoring (VC-12) N2
LP-IEC LP incoming error count N1*, N2*
LP-ODI LP outgoing defect indicator N1*, N2*
LP-OEI LP outgoing error indicator N1*, N2*
LP-TC-AIS TC alarm indication signal N1*, N2*
LP-TC-LTC Loss of tandem connection (i.e. loss of FAS) N1*, N2*
LP-TC-RDI TC remote defect indication N1*, N2*
LP-TC-REI TC remote error indication N1*, N2*
LP-TC-UNEQ TC unequipped (i.e. not set up) N1*, N2*

*N2 in VC-12, N1 in VC-3

12.5 PDH Anomalies and Defects

The following PDH Anomalies and Defects may be detected inside the SDH structure
and at the line interface.
DS3 Defect Description
LOS Loss of Signal
LOF Loss of Frame
OOF Out of Frame
AIS Alarm Indication Signal (1010 payload)
IDLE DS3 Idle (1100 payload)
YELLOW Yellow alarm (Far End Alarm)
LSS Loss of Sequence Synchronisation

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Appendix D – SDH and PDH information

DS3 Anomaly Description

FAS Frame Error
MFAS Multiframe Error
CP-Bit Path Parity Error
P-Bit Parity-Bit Error
REI Remote Error Indication
TSE Test Sequence Error
E4 Defect Description
LOS Loss of Signal
LOF Loss of Frame
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
RDI Remote Defect Indication
LSS Loss of Sequence Synchronisation
E4 Anomaly Description
FAS Frame Alignment Signal
TSE Test Sequence Error
E3 Defect Description
LOS Loss of Signal
LOF Loss of Frame
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
RDI Remote Defect Indication
LSS Loss of Sequence Synchronisation
E3 Anomaly Description
FAS Frame Alignment Signal
TSE Test Sequence Error
E1 Defect Description
LOS Loss of Signal
LOF Loss of Frame
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
RDI Remote Defect Indication
LSS Loss of Sequence Synchronisation

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 Appendix D – SDH and PDH information

E1 Anomaly Description
FAS Frame Alignment Signal
CRC-4 Cyclic Redundancy Check Error
E-Bit Remote Cyclic Redundancy Check Error
TSE Test Sequence Error
CODE Code Error

12.6 Comparison of SDH/SONET anomalies and defects

SDH/SONET Description
LOS Loss of signal
TSE Test sequence error (bit error)
LSS Loss of Sequence Synchronisation
LTI Loss of incoming Timer Intervals

SDH (ITU-T: G.707 G.783) SONET (ANSI: T1.105)

REGENERATOR SECTION SECTION

OOF Out of Frame OOF Out of Frame
LOF Loss of Frame LOF Loss of Frame
B1(8 bits) Regenerator section error B1(8 bits) Section error monitoring
monitoring

MULTIPLEX SECTION LINE (L)

B2 Multiplex section error B2 Line error monitoring
Nx24 bits monitoring Nx8 bits
MS-AIS Multiplex Section AIS AIS-L L-AIS
MS-RDI Mux Section Remote Defect RDI-L L-Remote Defect Indication
Indication
MS-REI Mux section Remote Error REI-L L- Remote Error Indication
Indication

ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT (AU) STS – PATH (SP)

AU-LOP Loss of AU Pointer LOP-P SP Loss of Pointer
AU-NDF New Data Flag AU Pointer NDF-P SP New Data Flag
AU-AIS AU-AIS AIS-P SP AIS
AU-PJE AU Pointer Justification

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Appendix D – SDH and PDH information

SDH (ITU-T: G.707 G.783) SONET (ANSI: T1.105)

HIGH ORDER PATH (HO)

B3 (8 bits) HO Path errors monitoring B3 (8 bits) SP error monitoring
(VC-4)
HP-UNEQ HO Path UNEQuipped UNEQ-P SP UNEQuipped
HP-RDI HO Path Remote Defect RDI-P SP Remote Defect Indication
Indication
HP-REI HO Path Remote Error REI-P SP Remote Error Indication
Indication
PDI-P SP Payload Defect Indication
HP TIM HO Path Trace Identifier TIM-P SP Trace Identifier Mismatch
Mismatch
HP-PLM HO Path Label Mismatch PLM-P SP Path Label Mismatch

TRIBUTARY UNIT (TU) VT – PATH (VP)

TU-LOP Loss of TU Pointer LOP-V VP Loss of Pointer
TU-NDF New Data Flag TU Pointer NDF-V VP-New Data Flag
TU-AIS TU-AIS AIS-V VP AIS
TU-LOM Loss of Multiframe (H4) LOM Loss of Multiframe

LOW ORDER PATH (LO)

BIP-2 LO Path error monitoring BIP-2 VP error monitoring
(VC-12)
B3 (8 bit) LO Path error monitoring
(VC-3)
LP-UNEQ LO Path UNEQuipped UNEQ-V VT UNEQuipped
LP-RDI LO Path Remote Defect RDI-V VP Remote Defect Indicator
Indicator
LP-REI LO Path Remote Error REI-V VP Remote Error Indicator
Indicator
LP-RFI LO Path Remote Failure LP-RFI VP Remote Failure Indicator
Indicator
PDI-V VP Payload Defect Indicator
LP-TIM LO Path Trace Identifier TIM-V VP Trace Identifier Mismatch
Mismatch
LP-PLM LO Path Payload Label PLM-V VP Payload Label Mismatch
Mismatch

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 Appendix E – Performance Analysis Options

13. Appendix E – Performance Analysis Options

For an application note on this topic, visit our Web Site, www.acterna.com, or contact
the nearest Regional Sales Office as listed on the back of the manual.

13.1 Analysis and Hierarchy Validity

Analysis PDH SDH SONET Appropriate Anomalies

OFF (none)

G.821 TSE

G.826 (ISM) B1, B2SUM, HP B3, LP BIP2/8,

E2 FAS, E4 FAS, E3 FAS, E1 FAS,
E1 CRC-4

G.826 (OOS) TSE

G.828 (ISM) B1, B2, TSE

G.829 (ISM) B1, B2, B3, TSE, LP-BIP

M.2100 E4 FAS, E3 FAS, E2 FAS, E1 FAS,

E1 CRC-4, DS3 P-Bit, DS3 FAS, TSE

M.2101 B1, B2SUM, HP B3, LP BIP2/8, TSE

ANSI TSE, B1, B2, B3, DS3FAS, DS3CPAR

13.2 Summary of performance analysis standards

The quality of digital links is determined with the aid of bit error ratio tests (BERT). The
results of such measurements must be classified in some way, not least because the
quality of a transmission path is often the subject of a contract between the network
provider and the telecommunications user. For this reason, and objective means of
classifying a line as either “good” or “bad” is required. The ITU-T Recommendations
G.821, G.826, G.828, G.829, M.2100 and M.2101 are internationally recognised
standards that specify these parameters.

13.2.1 Recommendation G.821

This Recommendation was originally specified for international circuit-switched

nx64kbit/s connections and expanded to include higher bit rates as time went on. A
hypothetical reference connection is the basis used for determining quality
parameters; this comprises an international long-distance segment, a national
segment and a subscriber access segment.

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Appendix E – Performance Analysis Options

G.821 definitions:
• Errored second (ES): A one-second time interval in which one or more bit errors
occurs.
• Severely errored second (SES): A one-second time interval in which the bit error
ratio exceeds 10-3.
• Unavailable second (UAS): A circuit is considered to be unavailable from the first of
at least ten consecutive SES. The circuit is available form the first of at least ten
consecutive seconds which are not SES.
• Degraded minute (DM): A one-minute time interval in which the bit error ratio
exceeds 10-6.
• Error-free second (EFS): A one-second time interval in which no bit errors occur.
The disadvantage of G.821 is that it relies on the evaluation of bit errors and so the
test channel must be taken out of service to perform the measurement.

13.2.2 Recommendation G.826

This Recommendation takes higher bit rates into account and allows in-service
measurement as it relies on the evaluation of block errors.

G.826 definitions:
• Errored second (ES): A one-second time interval containing one or more errored
blocks.
• Errored block (EB): A block containing one or more errored bits.
• Severely errored second (SES): A one-second time interval in which more than 30%
of the blocks are errored or which contains at least one severely disturbed period
(SDP).
• Background block error (BBE): An errored block that is not a SES.
• Unavailable second (UAS): see under G.821 above.

The results are referred to the measurement time. This gives the following error
parameters: Errored seconds ratio (ESR), severely errored seconds ratio (SESR), and
background block error ratio (BBER). The specified quality requirements refer too a
particular path.

The recommended measurement time for G.821 and G.826 is 30 days.

13.2.3 Recommendation G.828

Unlike G.826, recommendation G.828 provides a precise block length for each bit
rate. For example, the number of blocks monitored per second for bit rates from VC3
upwards remains constant at 8000.

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 Appendix E – Performance Analysis Options

13.2.4 Recommendation G.829

G.829 is based on the principle of monitoring block errors, allowing measurements to

be made in-service. The recommendation defines the block size, number of blocks per
SDH frame, number of blocks transmitted per second and the error detection code
(EDC) to be used for the various SDH bit rates that your ANT-5 supports.

13.2.5 Recommendation M.2100

Recommendation M.2100 specifically applies to commissioning and maintenance.

Commissioning consists of a 15-minute line up phase followed by a 24-hour in-service
measurement. Once the line up phase is completed successfully, errors may occur
within certain limits. If this is the case, the line remains in service, but must continue to
be monitored for a further 7 days. The measurement procedures are defined in
M.2110 and M.2120. The limit values are derived from the performance parameters
specified in G.821 and G.826.

13.2.6 Recommendation M.2101

This recommendation is very close to M.2100 in terms of purpose and format, but it
deals exclusively with SDH systems. Recommendation M.2101 for SDH systems can
be considered as a sister recommendation to M.2100 for PDH systems.

Acterna ANT-5 Page 141

Appendix E – Performance Analysis Options

Page 142 Acterna ANT-5

 Appendix F - Remote Access

14. Appendix F - Remote Access

14.1 Remote Operation via a modem

V24/PPP V24/PPP
ANT-5
Host Computer
Modem Modem

Note: Before setting up the modems make sure you are familiar with its features and
operation. This section is not exhaustive and other scenarios may be appropriate for
your operating system. Please ensure the serial cable is less than 3 metres from the
ANT-5 to the modem.

14.1.1 Setting up the remote ANT-5

The following is required and assumed to be working:

• Complete ANT-5 unit with all necessary cables.

• A modem connected to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) with a
serial cable to the ANT-5.
• A PC or device for sending commands down a serial cable.

1. Check the Baud Rate on the ANT-5 is 57600, by pressing Alt + Menu and
selecting Comms from the System menu.

2. Connect the modem to the PC/laptop using an appropriate serial cable.

Acterna ANT-5 Page 143

Appendix F - Remote Access

3. Run a serial terminal program (e.g. Windows HyperTerminal) and set the
communication parameters in File > Properties to the values shown, assuming
the designated com port is selected (e.g.COM1) and connected to the modem via
the serial cable.

From the terminal program, AT commands can by typed to ensure that the modem has
the correct settings. The modem needs to be configured for hardware flow control, (e.g.
AT&F) to ignore DTR, (e.g. AT&D0) and automatically answer on the second ring (e.g.
ATS0=2).

Note: Not all modems are Hayes AT command compatible. Refer to the modem’s user
guide for the relevant command set.

Once the modem is successfully configured, remove the serial cable from the PC and
connect this to the ANT-5 without disconnecting the power to the modem or switching it
off, so ensuring that the modem indicator lights remain on.

14.1.2 Setting up a PC using Windows 98

The following is required and assumed to be working:

• Windows networking for TCP/IP.

• Dial-up networking.
• A correctly installed and configured modem.
• Phone number of the remote ANT-5 (including country/area codes).

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 Appendix F - Remote Access

1. In Dial-Up Networking under My Computer double click on Make New

Connection. Type in a connection name and select the modem to be used and
select Next.

2. Type in the phone number of the remote ANT-5, select Next and select Finish in
the next frame.

3. From the newly created connection (e.g. ANT-5 Remote Connection) right click
and select Properties.

Acterna ANT-5 Page 145

Appendix F - Remote Access

4. From Server Types emulate the following settings:-

5. Click on TCP/IP Settings… and again emulate the following settings:-

6. Click on OK and then OK again to finish.

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 Appendix F - Remote Access

7. If you are connecting to a BN4565/02 or BN4565/03, be sure there is no TZ

environment variable. Do the following:

• Select Start > Run.

• In the Run dialog box, type msconfig.exe and click OK. The System
Configuration Utility appears.

• Click the Autoexec.bat tab.

• If there is a statement such as SET TZ=GMT+1 (or similar), delete it.

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Appendix F - Remote Access

• Click OK, and exit the System Configuration Utility.

8. If you are connecting to a BN4565/01, define a TZ environment variable. Do the

following:

• Select Start > Run.

• In the Run dialog box, type msconfig.exe and click OK. The System
Configuration Utility appears.

• Click the Autoexec.bat tab.

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 Appendix F - Remote Access

• Click New.

• In the new line, type SET TZ=GMT+n or SET TZ=GMT-n, depending on the
relative difference in time zones between your PC and the BN4565/01.

Examples:

• PC and BN4565/01 in same time zone If the BN4565/01 is in Berlin

(GMT+1) and the PC is also in Berlin, the time zone difference is zero, so set
TZ to GMT+0.

• PC in earlier time zone than BN4565/01 If the BN4565/01 is in Berlin

(GMT+1) and the PC is in London (GMT+0), the time zone difference is +1,
so set TZ to GMT+1.

• PC in later time zone than BN4565/01 If the BN4565/01 is in Washington,

DC (GMT-5) and the PC is in Moscow (GMT+3), the time zone difference is
-8, so set TZ to GMT-8.

• Daylight Savings Time If the BN4565/01 is in London (GMT+0) during the

local Daylight Savings Time and the PC is in Washington, DC (GMT-5), the
time zone difference is +5, so set TZ one count greater to GMT+6. It does not
matter if Washington, DC is also in Daylight Savings Time.

• Click OK, and exit the System Configuration Utility.

9. A connection to an external power supply is advisable. Reboot the ANT-5, launch

the REMOTE application and leave on.

10. From Dial-Up Networking double click on the icon for the ANT-5 remote
connection and select Connect.

11. The modem will then dial out to the remotely located ANT-5 modem and establish
a connection.

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Appendix F - Remote Access

Note: A password is not mandatory since the password facility of Windows Dial-up
Networking is not used by ANT-5.

12. Refer to section 5.4.1, Software Installation and operation on using the GUI
faceplate.

14.1.3 Setting up a PC using Windows NT

The following is required and assumed to be working:

• The Remote Access Service (Control Panel>Network>Services).

• TCP/IP protocol (Control Panel>Network>Protocols).
• If the PC is not networked install the MS Loopback Adapter (Control Panel >
Network>Adapters).
• A correctly installed and configured modem.
• Phone number of the remote ANT-5 (including country/area codes).

1. From Start > Programs >Accessories > Dial-Up Networking click on New. Type
in a name for the connection and the phone number of the remote ANT-5. (It is
advisable to uncheck Use another port if busy).

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2. Click on the Server tab, and emulate the following settings.

3. Click on TCP/IP Settings… and again emulate the following settings. Click on OK
to proceed.

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4. From the Script tab emulate the following settings.

5. Click on the Security tab to emulate the following settings.

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6. Click on the X.25 tab to check the default settings, click on OK to finish.

7. If you are connecting to a BN4565/02 or BN4565/03, be sure there is no TZ

environment variable. Do the following:

• Select Start > Settings > Control Panel > System.

• Click the Environment tab.

• If an environment variable TZ appears, delete it.

• Exit the Control Panel.

8. If you are connecting to a BN4565/01, define a TZ environment variable. Do the

following:

• Select Start > Settings > Control Panel > System.

• Click the Environment tab.

• Click New. The New System Variable dialog box appears.

• Type TZ in the Variable Name field.

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• Type a time zone in GMT+n or GMT-n format, depending on the relative

difference in time zones between your PC and the BN4565/01. For examples of
values for this variable, see page 149.

• Click OK, and exit the Control Panel.

9. A connection to an external power supply is advisable. Reboot the ANT-5, launch

the REMOTE application and leave on.

10. Click Dial from the next screen.

11. The modem will then dial out to the remotely located ANT-5 modem and establish
a connection.

Note: A password is not mandatory since the password facility of Windows Dial-up
Networking is not used by ANT-5.

12. Click OK to proceed.

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13. Refer to section 5.4.1, Software Installation and operation on using the GUI
faceplate.

14.1.4 Setting up a PC using Windows 2000

The following is required and assumed to be working:

• Windows networking for TCP/IP.

• Dial-up networking.
• A correctly installed and configured modem.
• Phone number of the remote ANT-5 (including country/area codes).

1. From the Start menu, select Settings > Network and Dial-up Connections >
Make New Connection.

2. In the Network Connection Wizard, click Next.

3. Select Dial-up to private network. Click Next.

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4. Configure the phone number to dial as shown below, then click Next. (The modem
may have to be configured to access an external line via the telephone network).

5. If prompted, decide who is going to use this connection, then click on Next.

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6. Name the connection, for example ANT-5 Remote Operation Unit then click
Finish.

7. You will now have a new dial-up network connection icon in the dial-up networking
window, called ANT-5 Remote Operation Unit.

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8. Right click on the ANT-5 Remote Operation Unit, and select Properties from the
menu. The following dialog box appears:

9. Select the Options tab and emulate the following settings.

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10. Select the Security tab and emulate the following settings.

11. Select the Networking tab. Select PPP as the type of dial-up server. The list of
components used by the connection may differ for your Windows 2000
configuration. Ensure that the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) box is checked. The
greyed options (Novell Distributed Print Services and Workstation Manager) below
are disabled by Windows 2000. (You may have some components like this, as this
is normal. Ensure that all other components are unchecked).

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12. Click the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) component, and then click Properties. The
following dialog box appears.

13. Click Advanced…, and from the General Tab, uncheck Use default gateway on
remote network and the click OK.

14. Click OK, close the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Settings dialog box.

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15. If privileges allow select the Sharing tab, and emulate the following settings. Click
OK to close the ANT-5 Remote Operation Unit Properties dialog.

16. If you are connecting to a BN4565/02 or BN4565/03, be sure there is no TZ

environment variable. Do the following:

• Select Start > Settings > Control Panel > System.

• Click the Advanced tab.

• Click Environment Variables.

• If an environment variable TZ appears, delete it.

• Exit the Control Panel.

17. If you are connecting to a BN4565/01, define a TZ environment variable. Do the

following:

• Select Start > Settings > Control Panel > System.

• Click the Advanced tab.

• Click Environment Variables.

• Click New. The New System Variable dialog box appears.

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• Type TZ in the Variable Name field.

• Type a time zone in GMT+n or GMT-n format, depending on the relative

difference in time zones between your PC and the BN4565/01. For examples of
values for this variable, see page 149.

• Click OK, and exit the Control Panel.

18. A connection to an external power supply is advisable. Reboot the ANT-5, launch
the REMOTE application and leave on.

19. From Network and Dial-up Connections double click on the icon for the ANT-5
remote connection. The modem will then dial out to the remotely located ANT-5
modem and establish a connection.

Refer to section 5.4.1, Software Installation and operation on using the GUI
faceplate.

14.2 Remote Operation via Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)

14.2.1 Setting up the remote ANT-5

Ethernet Ethernet
ANT-5

Host computer

Note: The following illustrates how remote access can be achieved using the network,
it is not exhaustive and other scenarios may be equally valid. Please ensure the cable
is less than 3 metres from the ANT-5 to the RJ45 socket.

The following is required and assumed to be working:

• Complete ANT-5 unit with all necessary cables.

• 10BaseT connection.
1. Liaise with your IT department for a static IP address, the Subnet Mask and
Gateway of the network to which the ANT-5 will be connected.

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2. In the Systems > Comms > Ethernet menu of the ANT-5, edit the IP Address,
Subnet Mask and Gateway to those specified by the IT department and the
Transceiver to the network connection type.

3. A connection to an external power supply is advisable. Reboot the ANT-5, launch

the REMOTE application and leave on.

Note: As an example the connection to the network can be made via an Ethernet card
plugged into the PC Card slot. A static IP address will be required for the particular
MAC address of the PC card. Refer to section 2.8.1 for information on
communications configuration.

Refer to section 5.4.1, Software Installation and operation on using the GUI
faceplate.

14.3 Keyboard equivalents

While working in remote mode, you can use your PC’s function keys to emulate
pressing various keys on the instrument. The following illustration shows the mapping
between function keys and instrument keys.

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6

Function keys

F9
Information key

F10 Menu key

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15. Appendix G – Glossary & Acronyms

A1 Frame synchronisation byte; 1111 0110 (RSOH)

A2 Frame synchronisation byte; 0010 1000 (RSOH)

AAL-n ATM Adaptation Layer, Type n = 1, 2, 3/4 or 5

ADM Add/Drop Multiplexer

AIS Alarm Indication Signal

ANSI American National Standards Institute

APS Automatic Protection Switching (channels K1, K2)

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

AUG Administrative Unit Group

AU-n Administrative Unit; Level n = 3, 4

B1 BIP-8 parity word in regenerator section (RSOH)

B2 BIP-N x 24 parity word in multiplex section (MSOH)

B3 BIP-8 parity word in VC-3, 4 path (POH)

BBE, BBER Background Block Error, Background Block Error Ratio

BER, BLER Bit Error Ratio, Block Error Ratio

BIP-2 BIP-2 parity word in VC-1, 2 path (POH)

BIP-N Bit Interleaved Parity; N bits

BIS[P]O Bringing into service [performance] objectives

C2 Signal label (VC-3, 4 POH)

CAS Channel Associated Signalling

CBR Constant Bit Rate

CCM Cross-Connect Multiplexing

CDV Cell Delay Variation

CDVT Cell Delay Variation Tolerance

CER Cell Error Rate

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CLP Cell Loss Priority

CLR Cell Loss Ratio

CMIP Common Management Information Protocol

C-n Container; n = 1, 2, 3, 4

CSES Consecutive Severely Errored Seconds

CTD Cell Transfer Delay

D1-3 196 kbit/s DCC for regenerator section (RSOH)

D4-12 576 kbit/s DCC for multiplex section (MSOH)

DCC Data Communication Channel

DCN Data Communication Network

DM Degraded Minutes

DS1 Electrical interface signal, 1544 kbit/s

DS3 Electrical interface signal, 44736 kbit/s

DUT Device Under Test, either an individual item of equipment or

a network element which is the interface to a larger system

DXC Digital Cross-Connect

E1 Electrical interface signal, 2048 kbit/s.

Also service channel (voice) in regenerator section (RSOH).

E2 Electrical interface signal, 8448 kbit/s.

Also service channel (voice) in multiplex section (MSOH).

E3 Electrical interface signal, 34368 kbit/s

E4 Electrical interface signal, 139264 kbit/s

EBC Errored Block Count

ECC Embedded Communication Channel

ECL Emitter Coupled Logic

EDC Error Detection Code

EFS Error-Free Second

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ESF Extended Super Frame

ES, ESR Errored Second, Errored Second Ratio

F1 User channel, e.g. for operational service purposes (RSOH)

F2 Path user channel for an end-to-end connection (POH)

FAS Frame Alignment Signal

FTP File Transfer Protocol

G1 End-to-end path status (POH)

GFC Generic Flow Control

GUI Graphical User Interface

H1 Pointer byte 1: Bit nos. 1 to 4: New data flag; bit nos.5, 6:

(Unspecified); bit nos. 7, 8: Pointer value (highest 2 bits)

H2 Pointer byte 2: Pointer value (lowest 8 bits)

H3 Pointer byte 2: Negative justification opportunity

H4 Payload indication (POH)

HCOR Correctable header errors

HEC Header Error Control

HUNC Uncorrectable header errors

HP Higher-order Path

IS, ISM In-Service, In-Service Measurement

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISO International Standardisation Organisation

J0 Regenerator section trace (RSOH)

J1 Path trace (POH in VC-3, VC-4)

J2 Path trace (POH in VC-12)

K1, K2 APS channels for APS sig. & back-up line switching (MSOH)

K3, K4 APS channels for APS sig. & back-up line switching (POH)

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LAN Local Area Network

LCD Loss Cell Delineation

LO Lower Order

LOF Loss Of Frame

LOM Loss Of Multiframe

LOP Loss Of Pointer

LOS Loss Of Signal

LP Lower-order Path

LSS Loss of Sequence Synchronisation

M1 MS-REI byte (MSOH)

MBS Maximum Burst Size

MCR Minimum Cell Rate

MCTD Maximum Cell Transfer Delay

MI Management Information

MO Managed Object

MS Multiplexer Section

ms Milliseconds

MSOH Multiplexer Section Overhead

MTIE Maximum Time Interval Error

N1 Network operator byte for TCM in VC-3, VC-4

N2 Network operator byte for TCM in VC-12

NDF New Data Flag

NE Network Element

NFAS Not Frame Alignment Signal

NNI Network Node Interface

OAM Operation, Administration and Management

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OC-N Optical Carrier; N = 1, 3, 12, 48, 192

OH Overhead

OOF Out-Of-Frame

OOS Out-Of-Service

PCR Peak Cell Rate

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDU Protocol Data Unit

PLL Phase-Locked Loop

PLM Payload Label Mismatch

PMP Protected Monitor Point

POH Path Overhead

PRBS Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence

PRC Primary Reference Clock

PMP Protected Monitor Point

PPP Point to Point Protocol

QoS Quality of Service

RDI, REI Remote Defect Indicator, Remote Error Indicator

ROSE Remote Operations Service Element

RSOH Regenerator Section Overhead

S1 Synchronisation status byte (MSOH)

SAR Segmentation and Reassembly

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SCR Sustainable Cell Rate

SDU Service Data Unit

SEC SDH Equipment Clock

SEFS Severely Errored Framed Seconds

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SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage

SEP Severely Errored Period

SES, SESR Severely Errored Second, Severely Errored Secs Ratio

SHR, BSHR Self-Healing Ring, Bi-directional Self-Healing Ring

SMN, SMS SDH management network, SDH management sub-network

SOH Section Overhead

SPE Synchronous Payload Envelope

SPRING Shared Protection Ring

STM, STM-N Synchronous Transport Module; Level N = 0, 1, 4, 16, 64

STS, STS-N Synchronous Transport Signal; Level N = 1, 3

TIM Trace Identifier Mismatch

TOH Transport Overhead

TMN Telecommunications Management Network

TSE Test Sequence Error

TU, TU-m Tributary Unit; Level m = 1, 2, 3

TUG-m Tributary Unit Group; Level m = 1, 2

UAS, UAT Unavailable Second, Unavailable Time

UI Unit Interval

UNEQ Unequipped

UNI User Network Interface

µs Microseconds

V5 POH byte (VC-1, 2)

VBR Variable Bit Rate

VC, VC-n Virtual Channel, Virtual Container; Level n = 1, 2, 3, 4

VC-n-Xc Concatenated virtual container, level n, X concatenated VCs

VCI Virtual Channel Identifier

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VP Virtual Path

VPI Virtual Path Identifier

VT Virtual Tributary

WDM, DWDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing, Dense WDM

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Page 172 Acterna ANT-5

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Doc. 4565-8498.210
Rev. 12, 07/2003
English