31.

A lady dressed in a new sari stands in front of a plane mirror fixed on a

(vertical) wall. Height of the lady is H and that of her eyes from the ground ‘h’.
What is the minimum length of the mirror so that the lady can have her full
view
h H hH H h
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
Ans: B
Wall
A

O1 M

Mirror
(eye) E

O M1

Sol: Ground

AB = H
EB = h
AE = H – h
To see her full view
(1) The rays from B (foot) and from A (head) incident on M 1 (lower edge)
and M (upper edge) of mirror respectively and finally the reflected rays must
enter into the eye (E) as shown in fig.
From BOM 1 and EOM 1
1 h
OB  OE  EB 
2 2
And from AO1M , EO1M
H h
EO1  OA1 
2
MM 1  OE  EO1
h H h
 
2 2
H

2
32. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance of 50 cm. A plane
mirror is introduced covering the lower half of the convex mirror. If the
 distance between the object and the plane mirror is 30 cm, it is found that
there is no parallax between the images formed by the two mirrors. What is
the radius of curvature of the convex mirror.
(A) 25 cm (B) 30 cm (C) 20 cm (D) 15 cm
Ans: A

50 cm

20 cm
O
M P I

30 cm

Sol: 30 cm

The plane mirror will form erect and virtual image of same size at a
distance of 30 cm behind it.

 The distance of image formed by plane mirror from convex mirror will be
PI  MI  MP
 PI  MO  MP
 30  20
 10 cm
Now as this image coinsides with the image formed by convex mirror, therefore
for convex mirror
u  50 cm, v  10 cm
1 1 1
So    f  12.5 cm
10 50 f
R  2 f  25 cm

33. If an object moves towards a plane mirror with a speed V at an angle  with
respect to the perpendicular to the plane of the mirror. Find the relative
velocity of the object with respect to image.
cos  cos 
(A) 2V cos (B) V cos (C) (D)
2V V .
Ans: A
 y

O I
O
 

V0 Vi

Sol:
Velocity of the object relative to the image is
V  V0  (Vi )

 
 V cos i  V sin  j  (V cos i  V sin  j )

V  2V cos i
V  2V cos 

An observer can see through a pin hole, the top end of a thin rod of height h,
34.
placed as shown in figure. The beakers height is 3h and its radius 2h, when
the beaker is filled with a liquid upto a height 2h, he can see the lower end of
the rod, The refractive index of the liquid is:

a) 3
2
b) 5
2
c) 2
5
d) 2
3
Ans: b
Sol:
35. An opaque disc of radius 10cm floats on the surface of a transparent
homogeneous liquid. An isotropic light source is lit at the bottom of the
beaker containing the liquid vertically below the center of the disc. A person
views the source from a point vertically above the center of the disc. The
liquid is slowly allowed to drain out through a tap. When the height of the
liquid becomes 13.75cm, the source disappears. The refractive index of the
liquid is (approximately)
a) 4 3 b) 5 3 c) 3 2 d) 5 4
Ans: b
Sol:

sin 
1
where  is the critical angle


36. A light beam is traveling from region(1) to region (4) as shown in figure. The
  
refractive in dices of regions (1),(2),(3) and (4) are 0 , 0 , 0 , 0
2 6 8
respectively. The angle of incidence  for which the beam just misses
entering region (4) is:

3 1 1

a) sin 1   b) sin 1   c) sin 1   d) None of these
4 8 4
Ans: b
Sol: Total internal reflection occurs at the interface of region (3) and (4) since
mediums are parallel

0 sin   0 sin  2
8
 
sin   1
8
A ray of light enters a diamond symmetrical shape
37.
 (n = 2) from air and is being internally reflected near the bottom as shown in
the figure. Find maximum value of angle  possible ?

 3 1   3 1   2 1   2 1 
(A) sin 1   (B) sin 1   (C) sin 1   (D) sin 1  
 2   3   2   3 
Ans: A
Sol: i  ic - (1)
2sin ic  
ic  300 - (2)
sin    sin r - (3)
900  1350  900  r  900  i  3600
 450  r  i - (4)
sin r  sin(450  i)
sin  1
 (cos i  sin i)
2 2
1  3 1
   
2  2 2 
3 1
sin  
2

The curvature radii of a concavo-convex glass lens are 20 cm and 60 cm. The
38.
convex surface of the lens is silvered. With the lens horizontal, the concave
surface is filled with water. The focal length of the effective mirror is (µ of
glass = 1.5, µ of water = 4/3)
 (A) 90/13 cm (B) 80/13 cm (C) 20/3 cm (D)
45/7 cm
Ans: D
1 4  1 1
Sol:    1 
f w  3  60 180
1  1 1 
 (1.5  1)   
fl  20 60 
2 1
 0.5 
 cm
60 60
1  1 1  2
  2  
F  60 180  20
45
F cm
7
A convex lens of focal length 15cm is placed in front of a convex mirror. Both
39.
are co-axial and the lens is 5cm from the pole of the mirror. When an object is
placed on the axis at a distance of 20cm from the lens. It is found that the
image coincides with the object. The radius of curvature of mirror is
a) 35cm b) 45cm c) 55cm d) 65cm
Ans: C
Sol: Optical power of first convex surface p optical power of second convex
surface
 g  1 w   g
 
R R
Optical power of two thin lens separated by a distance d = 21 with water is
given by

p  p ' p ' 
 2l  p ' p '
w
If an object is placed 20 cm in front of a half thin convex lens of focal length 10
40.
cm, as shown in figure, then co-ordinate of image taking p as origin

(A) [20 cm, 0.2 cm] (B) [40 cm, 0.4 cm]
 (C) [40 cm,  0.2 cm] (D) [20 cm, 0.4 cm]
Ans: a
1 1 1
Sol:  
V 20 10

2mm
V = 20 m = 1
O
Co-ordinate is (20 cm, 0.2 cm)
41. A mirror forms a three fold magnified real image of an point source object.
The distance of object from the image is 2.6m. The radius of curvature of
mirror(with Cartesian sign convention) is
a) + 195cm b) – 195cm c) – 165cm d) + 165cm
Ans: b
Sol: v  3u and u  1.3m
2 1 1
   R  1.95m
R v u
A ray of light travels from a denser medium to rarer medium. The critical
42.
angle is 450. The maximum deviation the ray can undergoes is
a)300 b) 450 c)900 d) 1200
Ans: b

Sol: Maximum angle of deviation is   c , where  c  450
2

43. A square of length 10cm in kept is front of a concave mirror of focal length
20cm. The square is kept at a distance of 80 cm with its plane perpendicular
to the axis of the mirror and centered on the axis. The area of the image
formed.
a) must be 4cm2 b)must be less than 4cm2
c) may be 4cm2 d) must be greater than 4cm2
Ans: a
Sol: The shape of square remains perfect square after reflection from the
mirror . Since object is placed at 80cm distance from pole, it protrudce
magnification of 1/5. Area of image must be equal to 4cm2.
44. A thin equi-convex lens of focal length f is split into two equal halves (plano-
convex lenses) as shown in the diagram, and the two halves are placed co-
 axially as shown, close to each other. The plane face of one of the lenses is
slivered. The focal length of the combination is

f
(A) 8f (B) 2f (C) (D) none of
2
these
Ans: c
1 1 1
Sol:    where F and Fm are to be used with proper signs; also take
f F Fm
into account the fact that the rays pass through the lenses after reflection

45. Radius of curvature of a concave spherical surface separating air-glass

medium is R. A point object is placed on the principal axis in the glass (g =
1.5). For the image to be real, seen by observer in air, distance of the object
from P should be :

air
glass

object P

(A) 2R < u < 3R (B) u < 2R (C) u = R (D) u > 3R

Ans: D
 2 1  2  1
Sol:  
v u R
1 1.5 1  1.5
 
V (u) R
For V to be positive
 1 3
  0  u  3R
2R 2u

46. A convex lens of focal length 15cm is placed in front of a convex mirror. Both
are co-axial and the lens is 5cm from the pole of the mirror. When an object is
placed on the axis at a distance of 20cm from the lens. It is found that the
image coincides with the object. The radius of curvature of mirror is
a) 35cm b) 45cm c) 55cm d) 65cm
Ans: C
Sol: Optical power of first convex surface p optical power of second convex
surface
 g  1 w   g
 
R R
Optical power of two thin lens separated by a distance d = 21 with water is
given by

p  p ' p ' 
 2l  p ' p '
w
A plano convex lens fits exactly into a plano concave lens. Their plane
47.
surfaces are parallel to each other. If the lenses are made of different
materials of refractive indices 1 and 2 and R is the radius of curvature of the
curved surface of the lenses, then focal length of the combination is
R 2R R
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  2 1  2 2  1   2 
R
2   1   2 
Ans: A
1 1 1
Sol:  
F f1 f 2
2

1 1 1  1 1    2
  1  1      2  1    1
F  R  R   R
R
F=
1  2
 A concave mirror of focal length 100 cm is used to obtain the image of the sun
48.
which subtends an angle of 30. The diameter of the image of the sun will be
(a) 1.74 cm (b) 0.87 cm (c) 0.435 cm (d) 100 cm
Sol: (b) The angle subtended by the image of the sun at the mirror
o
1 
 3 0     rad
2 360


x

 100 cm
x

100 cm

If x be the diameter of the image of the sun, then

Arc x 1 2  100 
  .   x  0 .87 cm
Radius 100 2 360 360 360

A square of side 3cm is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a concave mirror of

49.
focal length 10cm. The centre of the square is at the axis of the mirror and the
plane is normal to the axis. The area enclosed by the image of the square is
(a) 4cm 2 (b) 6cm 2 (c) 16 cm 2 (d) 36 cm 2
Sol: (a) m
I

f

10

10 2

O u  f 25  10 15 3
2
Ai 2
m2   Ai  m 2  Ao     (3)2  4 cm 2
Ao 3

50. A short linear object of length l lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal
length f at a distance u from the pole of the mirror. The size of the image is
approximately equal to
1/2 2 1/2 2
u f
(a) l  (b) l u  f  (c)  f
l

 (d)  f
l


 f   f  u f  u  f 

Sol: (d) From mirror formula 1 1 1

  .....(i)
f v u
Differentiating equation (i), we obtain
2
v 
0
1
dv 
1
du  dv    du .....(ii)
v2 u 
2
u
 Also from equation (i) v

f
.....(iii)
u uf
2
 f 
From equation (ii) and (iii) we get dv    .l
u  f 
2
 f 
Therefore size of image is   l.
u f 

A thin rod of length f / 3 lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length f.
51.
One end of its magnified image touches an end of the rod. The length of the
image is
(a) f (b) 1 f (c) 2f (d) 1
f
2 4

Sol: (b) If end A of rod acts an object for mirror then it's image will
be A' and if
u  2f 
f 5f
 so by using 1 1 1
 
3 3 f v u
2f
f/3 u = 2f – (f/3)
A
F
A' C

1 1 1 5
    v f
 f v 5f 2
3

 Length of image 
5
f  2f 
f
2 2

A ray of light falls on the surface of a spherical glass paper weight making an
52.
angle  with the normal and is refracted in the medium at an angle  . The
angle of deviation of the emergent ray from the direction of the incident ray
(a) (   ) (b) 2(   ) (c) (   ) / 2 (d) (   )
Sol: (b) From the following ray diagram it is clear that
  (   )  (   )  2(   )


A  – – B
   
r r
O
53. Light enters at an angle of incidence in a transparent rod of refractive index n.
For what value of the refractive index of the material of the rod the light once
entered into it will not leave it through its lateral face whatsoever be the
value of angle of incidence
(a) n 2 (b) n  1 (c) n  1. 1 (d) n  1. 3

Sol: (a) From the following figure

i
r

n

r + i = 900  i = 900 – r
For ray not to emerge from curved surface i > C
 sin i > sin C  sin (90o – r) > sin C  cos r > sin C
 1
 1  sin 2 r 
1
sin C  
n  n

sin 2 
 1
1
 2  1
1
(1  sin 2  )
n2 n n2

 n 2  1  sin 2   n 2 {sin i  1}
 Least value  2

54. A glass hemisphere of radius 0.04 m and R.I. of the material 1.6 is placed
centrally over a cross mark on a paper (i) with the flat face; (ii) with the
curved face in contact with the paper. In each case the cross mark is viewed
directly from above. The position of the images will be
(a) (i) 0.04 m from the flat face; (ii) 0.025 m from the flat face
(b) (i) At the same position of the cross mark; (ii) 0.025 m below the flat face
(c) (i) 0.025 m from the flat face; (ii) 0.04 m from the flat face
 (d) For both (i) and (ii) 0.025 m from the highest point of the hemisphere

Sol: (b) Case (i) When flat face is in contact with paper.

0.04 m

2 1  2  1
  where
v u R

 2 = R. I. of medium in which light rays are going = 1

1 = R. I. of medium from which light rays are coming = 1.6

u = distance of object from curved surface = – 0.04 m

R = – 0.04 m.
1 1.6 1  1.6
    v   0.04 m
v (0.04 ) (0.04 )

i.e. the image will be formed at the same position of cross.

Case (ii) When curved face is in contact with paper

0.04 m

Real depth (h)


Apparent depth (h)

 1 .6 
0 . 04
 h  0.025 m (Below the flat face)
h

55. One face of a rectangular glass plate 6 cm thick is silvered. An object held 8
cm in front of the first face, forms an image 12 cm behind the silvered face.
The refractive index of the glass is
(a) 0.4 (b)0.8 (c) 1.2 (d) 1.6
Sol: (c) Let x be the apparent position of the silvered surface.
x

Object Image

8 cm 12 cm

12 +(6–x)
t = 6 cm
 According to property of plane mirror
x + 8 = 12 + 6 – x  x = 5 cm
Also   t 6
    1 .2
x 5

56. A concave mirror is placed at the bottom of an empty tank with face upwards
and axis vertical. When sunlight falls normally on the mirror, it is focussed at
 4
distance of 32 cm from the mirror. If the tank filled with water    upto a
 3

height of 20 cm, then the sunlight will now get focussed at

(a) 16 cm above water level (b) 9 cm above water level
(c) 24 cm below water level (d) 9 cm below water level

Sol: (b) Sun is at infinity i.e. u so from mirror formula we have
1

1

1
 f  32 cm .
f  32 ()

When water is filled in the tank upto a height of 20 cm, the image formed by
the mirror will act as virtual object for water surface. Which will form it’s
image at I such that Actual height   w i.e. BO  4 / 3
Apperant height a BI 1

 BI  BO 
3
= 12  3  9 cm .
4 4

F O
F
I 12 cm

B
20 cm

57. An air bubble in sphere having 4 cm diameter appears 1 cm from surface

nearest to eye when looked along diameter. If ag = 1.5, the distance of bubble
from refracting surface is
(a) 1.2 cm (b)3.2 cm (c) 2.8 cm (d) 1.6 cm
 Sol: (a) v = 1 cm, R = =12 cm 2

By using 1=1.5
2 1  2  1
  C
v u R
v
1 1 .5 1  1 .5 u
 
1 u 2 R

 u  1.2 cm

58. A ray of light is incident at the glass–water interface at an angle i, it emerges

finally parallel to the surface of water, then the value of  g would be
Water r w = 4/3

(a) (4/3) sin i r

(b) 1/sin i
Glass
i
(c) 4/3
(d) 1

Sol: (b) For glass-water interface g w 

sin i
…(i)
sin r

For water-air interface w a 

sin r
…(ii)
sin 90 o
sin i sin r
 g w  w  a    sin i
sin r sin 90 o
w a 1
   sin i   g 
 g w sin i

59. A convex lens A of focal length 20 cm and a concave lens B of focal length 5 cm
are kept along the same axis with the distance d between them. If a parallel
beam of light falling on A leaves B as a parallel beam, then distance d in cm
will be
a) 25 b) 15 c) 30 d) 50
Sol: (b) From figure it is clear that separation between lenses
d  20  5  15 cm

d 5 cm
20 cm
60. Diameter of a plano–convex lens is 6 cm and thickness at the centre is 3 mm. If
the speed of light in the
material of the lens is 2  108 m/sec, the focal length of the lens is
(a) 15 cm (b)20 cm (c) 30 cm (d) 10 cm
1 1 
Sol: (c) According to lens formula 1
 (  1)  
f  1
R R 2

The lens is plano-convex i.e., R1  R and R2  

1  1
Hence  f
R
f R  1

Speed of light in medium of lens v  2  10 8 m / s

c 3  10 8 3
     1.5
v 2  10 8 2

R r
B
O
(R–y) y

If r is the radius and y is the thickness of lens (at the centre), the radius of
curvature R of its curved surface in accordance with the figure is given by
R 2  r 2  (R  y)2  r 2  y 2  2 Ry  0

r2 (6 / 2) 2
Neglecting y2; we get R   15 cm
2 y 2  0.3

Hence f
15
 30 cm
1 .5  1