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Computer Documentation

SQL is a language used to manage data in relational database management systems. It allows users to define, manipulate, and query data. Some key capabilities of SQL include creating and dropping databases and tables, inserting, updating, and deleting data, setting permissions, and running queries to access and retrieve data. SQL contains several elements and clauses to accomplish these tasks like keywords, identifiers, strings, expressions, conditions, and comments. It also supports data types, variables, and special values like NULL. Common SQL commands are divided into four categories - data definition language for structuring data, data manipulation language for modifying data, data control language for security, and data query language for accessing data.

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39 views5 pages

Computer Documentation

SQL is a language used to manage data in relational database management systems. It allows users to define, manipulate, and query data. Some key capabilities of SQL include creating and dropping databases and tables, inserting, updating, and deleting data, setting permissions, and running queries to access and retrieve data. SQL contains several elements and clauses to accomplish these tasks like keywords, identifiers, strings, expressions, conditions, and comments. It also supports data types, variables, and special values like NULL. Common SQL commands are divided into four categories - data definition language for structuring data, data manipulation language for modifying data, data control language for security, and data query language for accessing data.

Uploaded by

Frances Otanes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT

IN
COMPUTER
Characteristics of SQL
SQL is easy to learn.
SQL is used to access data from relational database
management systems.
SQL can execute queries against the database.
SQL is used to describe the data.
SQL is used to define the data in the database and
manipulate it when needed.
SQL is used to create and drop the database and
table.
SQL is used to create a view, stored procedure,
function in a database.
SQL allows users to set permissions on tables,
procedures, and views.

SQL Language Elements


Keywords
Each SQL statement contains one or more keywords.
Identifiers
Identifiers are names of objects in the database,
such as user IDs, tables, and columns.
Strings
Strings are either literal strings, or expressions with
CHAR or VARCHAR data types.
Expressions
Expressions are formed from several different kinds of
elements, such as constants, column names, SQL
operators, and subqueries.
Conditions
Conditions are used to choose a subset of the rows
from a table, or in a control statement such as an IF
statement to determine control of flow.
Special Values
Special values can be used in expressions, and as
column defaults when creating tables. Variables
Sybase IQ supports local variables, connection-level
variables, and global variables.
Comments
Use comments to attach explanatory text to SQL
statements or statement blocks. The database server
does not execute comments.
NULL Value
Use NULL to specify a value that is unknown, missing,
or not applicable.
SQL commands are instructions, coded into SQL
statements, which are used to communicate with the
database to perform specific tasks, work, functions
and queries with data.

SQL Commands
Data definition language (DDL)
DDL changes the structure of the table like creating a
table, deleting a table, altering a table, etc.
Data Manipulation Language
DML commands are used to modify the database. It
is responsible for all form of changes in the database.
Data Control Language DCL commands are used to
grant and take back authority from any database
user.
Transaction Control Language
TCL commands can only use with DML commands
like INSERT, DELETE and UPDATE only.
Data Query Language
DQL is used to fetch the data from the database.

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