PROJECT REPORT ON

“7 Segment Counter using IC 555

and IC 4026”

DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS,

SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
RAJKOT.

DEVELOPED BY: CHAUDHARY SHIVPRIYA Y.

SUBMITTED TO: KAMALDEEP GOSAI

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “7 Segment Counter

using IC 555 and IC 4026” is a bonafied report of the work carried out by
SHIVPRIYA Y. CHAUDHARY Under the guidance and supervision of MR.
KAMALDEEP GOSAI for the award of the M.Sc. in ELECTRONICS,
COMPUTER AND INSTRUMENTATION 3rd Semester at SAURASHTRA
UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT.

To the best of my knowledge and belief, this work embodies

the work of candidate himself, has duly been completed, fulfills the
requirement of the ordinance relating to the M.Sc. (ECI) course of the
SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY, RAJKOT and is up to the standard in respect of
content, presentation and language for being referred to the examiner.

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Dr. H. N. PANDYA (HOD)

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 INDEX

NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1.
CERTIFICATE 2
2. INTRODUCTION 4
3. PART LIST 6
4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 7
5. CIRCUIT DESIGN 8
6. PARTS 9
7. CAPACITOR 9
8. RESISTOR 13
9. IC CD 4026 15
10. IC 555 16

11. SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY 17

12. PUSH BUTTON 18

13. 7805 19
14. DC CONNECTOR 20
15. BATTERY 21
16. REFERENCE 22

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 INTRODUCTION

Digital counters are needed everywhere in this

digital world, and 7 segment display is one the best
component to display the numbers. Counters are
needed in object/products counters, digital
stopwatches, calculators, timers etc. To use the 7
segment with ease, there is a 7 segment driver IC which
is IC CD4026, so we are building 7 segment counter
circuit using 4026 IC.
Circuit is quite easy and self-explanatory, we have
interfaced the 7 segment to the 4026 IC, PIN 4,5,14 are
left open as we haven’t used them, PIN 15 used to Reset
the counter with the help of a PUSH button Switch. PIN
2 is kept LOW to avoiding the freezing and PIN 13 is kept
HIGH to enable the IC.

Now, the another main component of this circuit, other

than IC4026, is 555 timer IC. 555 timer is used here to
provide the clock pulse on each Button Press, whenever
we press the button the counter advance by one. 555
Timer IC is used here in Monostable mode, to know
more, go through this article 555 Timer Monostable
Multivibrator Circuit.

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We have also used a RC circuit (22uf capacitor and 100k
resistor) at CLOCK PIN 1 of 4026, so that it only counts
one clock pulse on each time button is pressed.
Otherwise circuit may behave unexpectedly OR it can
count two or more pulses because of noise or bouncing
effect of Push button.

In this project, I have used a normal 9V DC battery but

we can also connect an AC-DC adapter for longer
demonstrations. (For adapter configuration, look for
the datasheet of IC 7805 voltage regulator).

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 PARTS LIST

• 555 timer IC
• 4026 IC
• Common cathode 7 segment display
• Push button
• 7805 (Voltage Regulator)
• Resistors - 10k , 100k
• Capacitor - 1uF, 22uF
• DC Connector
• Battery

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

7
CIRCUIT DESIGN

8
 PARTS

CAPACITOR

➢ Electrolytic Capacitors

Electrolytic Capacitors are generally used when very

large capacitance values are required. Here instead of using a very thin
metallic film layer for one of the electrodes, a semi-liquid electrolyte
solution in the form of a jelly or paste is used which serves as the
second electrode (usually the cathode). The dielectric is a very thin
layer of oxide which is grown electro-chemically in production with
the thickness of the film being less than ten microns. This insulating
layer is so thin that it is possible to make capacitors with a large value
of capacitance for a small physical size as the distance between the
plates, d is very small.

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 The majority of electrolytic types of capacitors are
Polarized, that is the DC voltage applied to the capacitor terminals
must be of the correct polarity, i.e. positive to the positive terminal
and negative to the negative terminal as an incorrect polarization will
break down the insulating oxide layer and permanent damage may
result. All polarized electrolytic capacitors have their polarity clearly
marked with a negative sign to indicate the negative terminal and this
polarity must be followed.

Electrolytic Capacitors are generally used in DC power

supply circuits due to their large capacitances and small size to help
reduce the ripple voltage or for coupling and decoupling applications.
One main disadvantage of electrolytic capacitors is their relatively low
voltage rating and due to the polarization of electrolytic capacitors, it
follows then that they must not be used on AC supplies. Electrolyte’s
generally come in two basic forms; Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
and Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors.
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 ➢ Ceramic capacitor

The non – polarized type ceramic capacitors which

are also known as ‘Disc capacitors’ are widely used these days. These
are available in millions of varieties of cost and performance. The
features of ceramic capacitor depend upon Type of ceramic dielectric
used in the capacitor which varies in the temperature coefficient.
• Dielectric losses.
The exact formulas of the different ceramics used in ceramic
capacitors vary from one manufacturer to another. The common
compounds such as titanium dioxide, strontium titanite, and barium
tetranitrate the three main types available although other types such
as leaded disc ceramic capacitors for through hole mounting which are
resin coated, multilayer surface mount chip ceramic capacitors and
microwave bare leadless disc ceramic capacitors that are designed to
sit in a slot in the PCB and are soldered in place.

These are made by placing silver coated ceramic plates on two sides
and assembled together to form the capacitor. The surface mount
version consists of the ceramic dielectric in which a number of

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interleaved precious metal electrodes are contained. This structure
gives rise to a high capacitance per unit volume. The inner electrodes
are connected to the two terminations, either by silver palladium
(AgPd) alloy in the ratio 65 : 35, or silver dipped with a barrier layer of
plated nickel and finally covered with a layer of plated tin (NiSn).

The Electronics industries alliance (EIA) has broadly classified the

ceramics used in these capacitors into 3 classes – class 1,class 2 and
class 3.The lower is the class better are its overall characteristics but
is on the cost of size. Each class defines the working temperature
range, temperature drift, tolerance, etc. The typical values range from
10pF to 1uF. The capacitance values are labeled by three digit codes
where the first two digits represent a number and the third digit is the
multiplier digit.
For example: 103 means 10 * 103 pF which is 0.01uF
Or
104 which is 10*104 pF which is 0.1uF
The tolerance is indicated by a letter like j=5%, K=10% and M=20%.
These capacitors are commonly used as a timing element in filter
circuit and balancing oscillator circuits in radio frequency applications,
coupling and decoupling networks.

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 RESISTOR

RESISTOR SYMBOL

The symbol used in schematic and

electrical drawings for a Resistor
can either be a "zigzag" type line or
a rectangular box.

➢ COMPOSITION RESISTOR

Carbon Resistors are the most common type of Composition

Resistors as they are a cheap general purpose resistor. Their resistive
element is manufactured from a mixture of finely ground carbon
dust or graphite (similar to pencil lead) and a non-conducting
ceramic (clay) powder to bind it all together. The ratio of carbon to
ceramic determines the overall resistive value of the mixture and the
higher this ratio is the lower the resistance. The mixture is then
molded into a cylindrical shape and metal wires or leads are attached
to each end to provide the electrical connection before being coated
with an outer insulating material and color coded markings.

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 Carbon Resistor

Carbon Composite Resistors are low to medium power resistors

with low inductance which makes them ideal for high frequency
applications but they can also suffer from noise and stability when hot.
Carbon composite resistors are prefixed with a "CR" notation (e.g.
CR10kΩ) and are available in E6 (±20% tolerance (accuracy)), E12
(±10% tolerance) and E24 (±5% & ±2% tolerance) packages with power
ratings from 0.125 or 1/4 Watt up to 2 Watts.

Variable resistors consist of a resistance track with connections

at both ends and a wiper which moves along the track as you turn the
spindle. The track may be made from carbon, cermet (ceramic and
metal mixture) or a coil of wire (for low resistances). The track is
usually rotary but straight track versions, usually called sliders, are also
available.

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 IC CD 4026
4026 IC is a 4000 series IC. It is a CMOS seven-segment counter IC and
can be operated at very low power. It is a decade counter, counts in
decimal digits (0-9). It is used to display numbers on seven segment
displays and it increment the number by one, when a clock pulse is
applied to its PIN 1. Means more the clock pulse rate, faster the
numbers change in 7 segment Display. Below is the pin diagram and
pin description of 4026 IC:

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 IC 555
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of
timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be
used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element.
Derivatives provide two (556) or four (558) timing circuits in one
package.

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 SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

It consists 8 LEDs, each LED used to illuminate one segment/line of the

unit and the 8thLED used to illuminate DOT in 7 segment display. We
can refer each line/segment "a,b,c,d,e,f,g" and for dot character we
will use "h". There are 10 pins, in which 8 pins are used to refer
a,b,c,d,e,f,g and h/dp, the two middle pins are common
anode/cathode of all he LEDs.

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 PUSH BUTTON

A push button is a simple type of switch that controls an action in a

machine or some type of process. Most of the time, the buttons are
plastic or metal. The shape of the push button may conform to fingers
or hands for easy use, or they may simply be flat. It all depends on the
individual design.

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 7805

78xx is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage regulator

integrated circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic
circuits requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use
and low cost.

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 DC CONNECTOR
A DC connector (or DC plug, for one common type of connector) is an
electrical connector for supplying direct current (DC) power.

Compared to domestic AC power plugs and sockets, DC connectors

have many more standard types that are not interchangeable. The
dimensions and arrangement of DC connectors can be chosen to
prevent accidental interconnection of incompatible sources and loads.
Types vary from small coaxial connectors used to power portable
electronic devices from AC adapters, to connectors used for
automotive accessories and for battery packs in portable equipment.

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 BATTERY
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is a common size of battery
that was introduced for the early transistor radios. It has a rectangular
prism shape with rounded edges and a polarized snap connector at
the top. This type is commonly used in walkie-talkies, clocks and
smoke detectors.

The nine-volt battery format is commonly available in primary carbon-

zinc and alkaline chemistry, in primary lithium iron disulfide, and in
rechargeable form in nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride and
lithium-ion. Mercury-oxide batteries of this format, once common,
have not been manufactured in many years due to their mercury
content. Designations for this format include NEDA 1604 and IEC 6F22
(for zinc-carbon) or MN1604 6LR61 (for alkaline). The size, regardless
of chemistry, is commonly designated PP3—a designation originally
reserved solely for carbon-zinc, or in some countries, E or E-block.

Most nine-volt alkaline batteries are constructed of six individual 1.5 V

LR61 cells enclosed in a wrapper. These cells are slightly smaller than
LR8D425 AAAA cells and can be used in their place for some devices,
even though they are 3.5 mm shorter. Carbon-zinc types are made
with six flat cells in a stack, enclosed in a moisture-resistant wrapper
to prevent drying. Primary lithium types are made with three cells in
series.

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 REFERENCE
• https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/555-timer-seven-
segment-counter-circuit

• FACULTY: - Dr. H.N. PANDYA (HOD)

Mr. KAMALDEEP GOSAI
M.Sc. (ECI)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY
RAJKOT.

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