Fluid Condition

Handbook
SYSTEM CONDITIONS

QUALITY CONTROL & MEASUREMENT

DATA MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

Manual of analysis and

comparison photographs
Ltd.

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 Index Introduction
Pg’s
Introduction 2 In hydraulic fluid power systems, power is
General Information 3-6 transmitted and controlled through a liquid
Sampling Procedures 7-9 under pressure within an enclosed circuit.
Cleanliness Reporting
The liquid is both a lubricant and a power-
Formats 10-15 transmitting medium.
Micron Rating Size The presence of solid contaminant particles
Comparisons 16-17
in the liquid interferes with the ability of the
Comparison Photographs
hydraulic fluid to lubricate and causes wear to
for Contamination Classes 18-29
the components. The extent of contamination
Hydraulic Component
Manufacturer’s
in the fluid has a direct bearing on the
Recommendations 30-31 performance and reliability of the system and
Hydraulic System Target it is necessary to control solid contaminant
Cleanliness Levels 32 particles to levels that are considered
Filter Element Beta appropriate for the system concerned.
Ratio Information 33
A quantitative determination of particulate
Information on
Reynolds Numbers 34
contamination requires precision in obtaining
the sample and in determining the extent
Information on
Pressure Changes 35 of contamination. Liquid Automatic Particle
Viscosity Conversion Chart 36 Counters (APC) (MP Filtri Products), work on the
Cleanliness Code Comparison 37
light-extinction principle. This has become an
accepted means of determining the extent of
Measuring Water in Hydraulic
and Lubricating fluids 38-39 contamination. The accuracy of particle count
Contamination Monitoring
data can be affected by the techniques used to
Products 40-41 obtain such data.

IMPORTANT. For definitive and comprehensive guidance on condition monitoring and the content held within this
document, always refer to the relevant standard.
MP Filtri UK Ltd has created this document based on related current standards dated as such. The document
is intended as a guide only and MP Filtri UK Ltd reserves the right to alter content, specifications, artwork and
related information without prior written notice.
To ensure that you always have the latest revision of this document, please go to www.mpfiltri.co.uk

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2 Condition Monitoring Division Group Headquarters
 General Information

The NAS 1638 reporting format was developed for use where the principle
means of counting particles was the optical microscope, with particles
sized by the longest dimension per ARP598. When APC’s came in to
use this provided a method of analysing a sample much faster than the
ARP598 method. A method of calibrating APC’s was developed, although
they measured area and not length, such that comparable results to that
of ARP598 could be obtained from the same sample. Now, APC’s are the
primary method used to count particles and the projected area of a particle
determines size. Because of the way particles are sized with the two
methods, APC’s and optical microscopes do not always provide the same
results. NAS 1638 has now been made inactive for new design and has
been revised to indicate it does not apply to use of APC’s.

Prior to ISO 11171, the previous APC calibration method most widely
utilised was ISO 4402, which used Air Cleaner Fine Test Dust (ACFTD) as the
reference calibration material. ACFTD is no longer manufactured and the
ISO 4402 method using this dust has been made obsolete. The industry
developed the method ISO 11171, which supersedes ISO 4402, with a
calibration standard based on NIST-certified samples of ISO 12103-1 A3
medium test dust suspended in hydraulic oil. There is a difference between
the particle measurements by ISO 4402 and ISO 11171. To retain the same
cleanliness measure, calibrations using ISO 11171 are conducted to a
corrected particle count scale. For example, particles reported as 5 um with
the ISO 4402 method are reported as 6 um (c) by the ISO 11171 method. In
fact 5 um corresponds to 6.4 um (c), and some round off was conducted for
simplification.

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 Particle size analysis
Several methods and instruments based on different physical principles
are used to determine the size distribution of the particles suspended in
aeronautical fluids. The numbers of particles found in the different size
ranges characterize this distribution. A single particle therefore has as
many equivalent diameters as the number of counting methods used.
Figure 1 shows the size given to the particle being analysed (shading) by a
microscope as its longest chord and an APC calibrated in accordance with
ISO 11171 using the Standard Reference Material NIST SRM 2806 sized
by the equivalent projected area.

Particle to be analyzed

Sized by APC calibrated as

per ISO 11171 (new NIST)
Sized by microscope
“diam. of equiv. proj.
“longest dimension”
surface”

13μm Area = 78.5 μm2

Equivalent size
Equivalent size
d = 10 μm
d = 13 μm

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 Differences between NAS 1638 and AS4059E.
AS4059E was developed as a replacement/equivalent to the obsolete NAS
1638 format, where table 2 relates to the old AS4059D standard and table
1 is the equivalent NAS1638 standard. However, there are differences.
Particularly in Table 2, (Cumulative Particle Counts).
Counting of Smaller Particles.
AS4059E allows the analysis and reporting of smaller particle sizes than
NAS 1638.
Counting Large Particles and Fibres.
In some samples, it has been observed that many of the particles larger
than 100 micrometers are fibres. However, APC’s size particles based
on projected area rather than longest dimension and do not differentiate
between fibres and particles. Therefore, fibres will be reported as particles
with dimensions considerably less than the length of the fibres. A problem
with fibres is that they may not be present in fluid in the system but rather
have been introduced as the result of poor sampling techniques or poor
handling during analysis.
Determining AS4059E Class Using Differential Particle Counts:
This method is applicable to those currently using NAS 1638 classes and
desiring to maintain the methods/format, and results equivalent to those
specified in NAS 1638.
Table 1 applies to acceptance criteria based on differential particle counts,
and provides a definition of particulate limits for Classes 00 through 12. A
class shall be determined for each particle size range. The reported class
of the sample is the highest class in any given particle range size.
NOTE: The classes and particle count limits in Table 1 are identical to NAS 1638.
Measurements of particle counts are allowed by use of an automatic particle
counter (calibrated per ISO 11171 or ISO 4402:1991), or an optical or electron
microscope. The size ranges measured and reported should be determined
from Table 1 based on the measurement method.

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 Determing AS4059E Class Using Cumulative Particle Counts:
This method is applicable to those using the methods of previous revisions
of ÅS4059 and/or cumulative particle counts. The cleanliness levels for
this method shall be specified by the appropriate class from Table 2. To
provide versatility, the applicable cleanliness class can be identified in the
following ways:
a. Basing the class on the highest class of multiple size ranges .
b. Total number of particles larger than a specific size.
c. Designating a class for each size range.

Designating a Class for Each Size Range:

APC’s can count the number of particles in several size ranges. Today,
a different class of cleanliness is often desired for each of several size
ranges. Requirements can be stated and cleanliness can easily be
reported for a number of size ranges. A class may be designated for each
size from A through F*. An example is provided below:

7B/6C/5D is a numeric-alpha representation in which the number

designates the cleanliness class and the alphabetical letter designates
the particle size range to which the class applies. It also indicates that
the number of particles for each size range do not exceed the following
maximum number of particles:

Size B: 38,924 per 100 ml

Size C: 3462 per 100 ml
Size D: 306 per 100 ml

*Please check standard for definition of size/classes

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 Sampling Procedures

Methods of
taking samples
from hydraulic
applications
using appropriate
receptacles
ENSURE THAT ALL DANGERS ARE
ASSESSED AND THE NECESSARY
PRECAUTIONS ARE TAKEN DURING
THE SAMPLING PROCESS.
DISPOSAL OF FLUID SAMPLES
MUST FOLLOW PROCEDURES
RELATING TO COSHH.

Sampling procedures are defined in ISO4021. Extraction of fluid samples

from lines of an operating system.
Receptacles should be cleaned in accordance with DIN/1505884.
The degree of cleanliness should be verified to ISO3722.

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 Methods of taking sample from hydraulic
applications, using appropriate recepticles

Methods One & Two

Method One – Method Two –
Preferred method Preferred method
(Using a suitable sampling valve with PTFE (Using an unspecified
seating method) sampling valve)

Install sampling valve in pressure or Install valve in return line or an

return line (in closed condition) at an appropriate point where flow is
appropriate point under constant flow constant and does not exceed 14 bar
or turbulent conditions

Operate system for at least 30 minutes Operate system for at least 30 minutes
before taking a sample before taking a sample

Clean outside of sampling valve Flush sampling valve by passing at

least 45 litres through valve back to
reservoir
Open the sampling valve to give app-
ropriate flow rate and flush at least one
litre of fluid through the valve Disconnect line from valve to reservoir
with valve open and fluid flowing
Do Not Close Valve After Flushing

Remove cap from sampling bottle.

Ensure cap is retained in hand face
downwards

Place bottle under sampling valve.

Fill bottle to neck. Cap bottle & wipe.

Close the sampling valve

Label the bottle with the necessary

information for analysis e.g. Oil type,
running hours, system description etc.

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 Methods of taking sample from hydraulic
applications, using appropriate recepticles

Methods Three & Four

Method Three - Method Four –
Reservoir sampling Bottle Dipping
(Use only if methods One & (Least preferred method due to possible
Two cannot be used) high ingression of contamination

Operate system for at least one hour Operate system for at least one hour
before taking a sample before taking a sample

Thoroughly clean area around the point Thoroughly clean area around the point
of entry to the reservoir of entry to the reservoir where sample
bottle is to be inserted
Attach sample bottle to the sampling
device Clean outside of ultra clean sample
bottle using filtered solvent, allow to
Carefully insert sampling hose into evaporate dry
the midway point of the reservoir. Try
not to touch sides or baffles within the Dip sample bottle into reservoir, cap
reservoir and wipe

Extract sample using the vacuum pump

Re-seal reservoir access
and fill to approx 75% volume

Release vacuum, disconnect bottle and Label the bottle with the necessary
discard fluid information for analysis e.g. Oil type, running
hours, system description etc.
Repeat the above three steps three times
to ensure flushing of the equipment

Attach ultra cleaned sample bottle to

sampling device – collect final fluid sample

Remove bottle from sampling device &

cap - label with appropriate information

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 Cleanliness Reporting Formats

ISO 4406:1999 Cleanliness Code System

The International Standards

Organisation standard
ISO 4406:1999 is the preferred
method of quoting the number
of solid contaminant particles in
a sample.

The code is constructed from

the combination of three scale
numbers selected from the
following table.

The first scale number

represents the number of
particles in a millilitre sample of
the fluid that are larger than
4 μm(c).

The second number represents

the number of particles larger
than 6 μm(c).

The third number represents

the number of particles that are
larger than 14 μm(c).

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 Cleanliness Reporting Formats

Classes of Contamination According to NAS 1638

The NAS system was originally developed in 1964 to define contamination
classes for the contamination contained within aircraft components. The
application of this standard was extended to industrial hydraulic systems
simply because nothing else existed at the time.

The coding system defines the maximum numbers permitted of 100ml

volume at various size intervals (differential counts) rather than using
cumulative counts as in ISO 4406:1999.

Although there is no guidance given in the standard on how to quote the

levels, most industrial users quote a single code which is the highest
recorded in all sizes and this convention is used on MP Filtri’s APC’s.

CONTAMINATION LEVEL CLASSES according to NAS 1638

(January 1964)
The contamination classes are defined by a number (from 00 to 12) which
indicates the maximum number of particles per 100 ml, counted on a
differential basis, in a given size bracket.

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 Classes of Contamination
According to NAS 1638

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 Cleanliness Reporting Formats

SAE AS 4059 REV.E**

Cleanliness Classification for Hydraulic Fluids (SAE Aerospace Standard)

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines cleanliness levels for particulate
contamination of hydraulic fluids and includes methods of reporting data
relating to the contamination levels.
Tables 1 and 2 below provide differential and cumulative particle counts
respectively for counts obtained by an automatic particle counter, e.g.
LPA2.

TABLE 1 - Cleanliness Classes for Differential Particle Counts

MAXIMUM CONTAMINATION LIMITS (PARTICLES/100ml)

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 Cleanliness Reporting Formats

SAE AS 4059 REV.E**

Cleanliness Classification for Hydraulic Fluids (SAE Aerospace Standard)

TABLE 2 - Cleanliness Classes for Cumulative Particle Counts

MAXIMUM CONTAMINATION LIMITS (PARTICLES/100ml)

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 How BIG are the particles
we have to control
Micron Rating Size Comparisons

1 Micron* = 0,001mm
25,4 Micron* = 0,001inch
(* correct designation = Micrometre)

Substance Microns
from to

BEACH SAND 100 2,000

LIMESTONE DUST 10 1,000
CARBON BLACK 5 500
HUMAN HAIR (diameter) 40 150
CARBON DUST 1 100
CEMENT DUST 3 100
TALC DUST 5 60
BACTERIA 3 30
PIGMENTS 0,1 7
TOBACCO SMOKE 0,01 1

For all practical purposes particles of 1 micron size and smaller are
permanently suspended in air.

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 How BIG are the particles
we have to control
Micron Rating Size Comparisons

100µm 75µm 40µm

Dust Particle Human Hair Pollen
(Dead Skin) (Smallest particle human
eye can see)

4 ­­­-14µm
Typical particles
in a hydraulic system
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 Comparison Photographs

ISO 4406:1999 Class 14/12/9

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 3
NAS 1638 Class 3
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 4A/3B/3C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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for Contamination Classes

ISO 4406:1999 Class 15/13/10

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 4
NAS 1638 Class 4
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 5A/4B/4C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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 Comparison Photograph’s

ISO 4406:1999 Class 16/14/11

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 5
NAS 1638 Class 5
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 6A/5B/5C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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for Contamination Classes

ISO 4406:1999 Class 17/15/12

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 6
NAS 1638 Class 6
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 7A/6B/6C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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 Comparison Photograph’s

ISO 4406:1999 Class 18/16/13

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 7
NAS 1638 Class 7
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 8A/7B/7C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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for Contamination Classes

ISO 4406:1999 Class 19/17/14

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 8
NAS 1638 Class 8
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 9A/8B/8C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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 Comparison Photograph’s

ISO 4406:1999 Class 20/18/15

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 9
NAS 1638 Class 9
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 10A/9B/9C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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for Contamination Classes

ISO 4406:1999 Class 21/19/16

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 10
NAS 1638 Class 10
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 11A/10B/10C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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 Comparison Photograph’s

ISO 4406:1999 Class 22/20/17

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 11
NAS 1638 Class 11
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 12A/11B/11C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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for Contamination Classes

ISO 4406:1999 Class 23/21/18

SAE AS4059E Table 1 Class 12
NAS 1638 Class 12
SAE AS4059E Table 2 Class 13A/12B/12C

1 graduation= 10 µm

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 Contamination Classes

NAS 12
ISO 23/21/18

Typically New Oil as

delivered in new certified
mild steel 250 ltr barrels

NAS 9
ISO 21/18/15

Typically New Oil as

delivered in oil tankers

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 Contamination Classes

NAS 7
ISO 18/15/13

Typically New Oil as

delivered in new certified
mini containers

NAS 6
ISO 17/15/12

Typically Required for

most modern hydraulic
systems

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 Hydraulic Component Manufacturer***
Recommendations

Most component manufacturers know the proportionate effect that

increased dirt level has on the performance of their components and issue
maximum permissible contamination levels. They state that operating
components on fluids which are cleaner than those stated will increase
life.

However, the diversity of hydraulic systems in terms of pressure, duty

cycles, environments, lubrication required, contaminant types, etc, makes
it almost impossible to predict the components service life over and above
that which can be reasonably expected.

Furthermore, without the benefits of significant research material and

the existence of standard contaminant sensitivity tests, manufacturers
who publish recommendations that are cleaner than competitors may be
viewed as having a more sensitive product.

Hence there may be a possible source of conflicting information when

comparing cleanliness levels recommended from different sources.

The table opposite gives a selection of maximum contamination levels that

are typically issued by component manufacturer. These relate to the use
of the correct viscosity mineral fluid. An even cleaner level may be needed
if the operation is severe, such as high frequency fluctuations in loading,
high temperature or high failure risk.

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 Hydraulic Component Manufacturer***
Recommendations

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 Hydraulic System
Target Cleanliness Levels****

Where a hydraulic system user has been able to check cleanliness levels
over a considerable period, the acceptability, or otherwise, of those
levels can be verified. Thus if no failures have occurred, the average level
measured may well be one which could be made a bench mark. However,
such a level may have to be modified if the conditions change, or if specific
contaminant-sensitive components are added to the system. The demand
for greater reliability may also necessitate an improved cleanliness level.

The level of acceptability depends on three features

•   the contamination sensitivity of the components
•   the operational conditions of the system
•   the required reliability and life expectancy

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 Filter Element Beta Ratio
Information

Filter Beta Ratios

The Beta Ratio equals the ratio of the number of particles of a maximum
given size upstream of the filter to the number of particles of the same size
and larger found downstream. Simply put, the higher the Beta Ratio the
higher the capture efficiency of the filter.

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 Technical Information on
Reynolds Numbers

The flow of fluids (either laminar or turbulent) is determined by evaluating

the Reynolds number of the flow. The Reynolds number, based on studies
of Osborn Reynolds, is a dimensionless number comprised of the physical
characteristics of the flow.
For practical purposes, if the Reynolds number is less than 2000, the
flow is laminar. If it is greater than 3500, the flow is turbulent. Flows with
Reynolds numbers between 2000 and 3500 are sometimes referred to as
transitional flows.
In practice for hydraulic/lubrication systems turbulent flow is achieved
when the Reynolds number is greater than 4000 (Re > 4000).
Q
Reynolds number is given by (Re) = 21220 x di x v

Where:
Q = Volumetric Flow Rate (litres/min)
di = Inside diameter or equivalent diameter of largest flow gallery (mm)
v = Viscosity of the flushing fluid at normal flushing temperature (Cst)
Flushing Information for Various Pipe Diameters
Component cleaning/flushing systems can only be effective if Turbulent
Flow is achieved.
The following guideline is with a fluid having a 86 - kg/m 3 fluid density
(typical mineral oils) and 30 cst viscosity.
Pipe size nom Core inches Core mm Flow for Re = 4000
1/4” 0.451 11.5 65 1/min
1/2” 0.734 18.6 105 1/min
1” 1.193 30.3 171 1/min
1 1/4” 1.534 39.0 220 1/min
1 1/2” 1.766 44.9 254 1/min
2” 2.231 56.7 320 1/min

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 Pressure Changes

Evaluation of differential pressure versus flow characteristics

Increasing a pressure in a hydraulic system means
• Increasing compressability of oil
• Increasing viscosity of oil

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36
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

100000 100000
50000 50000

20000 OIL VISCOSITY / TEMPERATURE CHART 20000

10000 Lines shown indicate oils ISO grade Viscosity Index of 100. 10000
Lower V.I. oils will have a steeper slope.
5000 Higher V.I. oils will have a flatter slope. 5000
3000 3000
2000 2000

1000 1000

500 500
400 400
300 300

200 200
150 150

100 100

Condition Monitoring Division

75 75

50 50
40 40

30 30

20 20
IS
15 O 15
1

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES

IS
O 500
IS 10
O 00
IS 68
10 O 0 10
IS 4
9.0 O 60 9.0
32
8.0 IS 0 8.0
O
22
7.0 IS 0 7.0
O
Viscosity Conversion Chart

15

Group Headquarters
6.0 IS IS IS IS IS IS IS 0 6.0
IS O O
O O O O O O 10
7 10 15 22 32 46 68 0
5.0 5.0

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4.0 4.0
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
TEMPERATURE, DEGREES CELSIUS
 Viscosity Conversion Chart

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 Measuring WATER in hydraulic
and lubricating fluids

In mineral oils and non-aqueous fire resistant fluids water is undesirable.

Mineral oil usually has a water content of 50-300ppm which it can support
without adverse consequences. Once the water content exceeds about
500ppm the oil starts to appear hazy.
Above this level there is a danger of free water accumulating in the system in
areas of low flow. This can lead to corrosion and accelerated wear. Similarly,
fire resistant fluids have a natural water content which may be different to
mineral oil. (From North Notts Fluid Power Centre)

Saturation Levels
Since the effects of free
(also emulsified) water is
more harmful than those of
dissolved water, water levels
should remain well below the
saturation point. However,
even water in solution can
cause damage and therefore
every reasonable effort should
be made to keep saturation
levels as low as possible.
There is no such thing as too
little water. As a guideline,
we recommend maintaining
saturation levels below 50% in
all equipment.

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 Typical Water Saturation Levels
- For new oils

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 Contamination Monitoring Products

VPAF – 100
A simple way to check
the fluid used in hydraulic
applications is to verify
the contamination of solid
particles ; the KIT “VPAF –
100” is suitable for checking
these contaminants.

LPA2 – Twin Laser Particle Analyser

The LPA2 is a highly precise, lightweight & fully
portable instrument suitable for on-site and
laboratory applications. It can automatically
measure and display particulate contamination,
moisture and temperature levels in various
hydraulic fluids.

CML2 – Compact Laser Particle Analyser

The CML2 is a compact, super lightweight mains
operated unit for on-site and laboratory applications.
It can automatically measure and display particulate
contamination, moisture and temperature levels in
various hydraulic fluids.

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 Contamination Monitoring Products

BS110 & BS250 – Bottle Samplers

The BS110 & BS250 bottle samplers are suitable for off line and laboratory
applications where fluid sampling at point of use is in-accessible or
impractical. A fluid de-aeration facility comes as standard.

PML2 – Permanently Mounted Laser

Particle Analyser
The PML2 is a pressure dependant in-line product
intended for on-site and industrial applications. It
can automatically measure and display particulate
contamination, moisture and temperature levels in
various hydraulic fluids.

ICM - Inline Contamination Monitor

The ICM automatically measures and displays
particulate contamination, moisture and temperature
levels in various hydraulic fluids. It is designed
specifically to be mounted directly to systems, where
ongoing measurement or analysis is required, and
where space and costs are limited.

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 The complete range of
Contamination
Monitoring Products

When contamination is
the problem,
we have
the solution.
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 Don’t let Contamination
Create a Crisis!
70–80% of all failures on hydraulic systems + up
to 45% of all bearing failures are due to
contaminants in the hydraulic fluid.

The Complete Hydraulic

Filtration & Accessory Range
When contamination is
the problem,
we have
the solution.
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Condition Monitoring Division Group Headquarters 43
 Fluid Condition
Handbook

ITALY (Head Quar ters) GERMAN Y

MP FILTRI S.p. A . MP FILTRI D GmbH
Tel. +39.02/95703.1 Tel: +49.6894 - 95652- 0
Fax +39.02/9 5741497 Fax: +49.6894 - 95652-20
95740188 email: ser [email protected]
email: sale [email protected] ht tp://w w w.mpfiltri.com
ht tp://w w w.mpfiltri.com
INDIA
UNITED K INGDOM MP FILTRI INDIA PV T. LTD.
MP FILTRI UK Ltd. Tel: +91 80 41477444, 41461444
Tel: +44.1451- 822522 Fax: +91 80 41461888
Fax: +44.1451- 822282 email: sale [email protected]
email: sale [email protected] ht tp://w w w.mpfiltri.com
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RUSSIAN FEDER ATION
CANADA MP FILTRI RUSSIA INC
MP FILTRI CANADA Inc. Phone mobile: +7.095 - 502- 5411
Tel: +1.905 -303 -1369 Fax: +7.095 -205 - 9410
Fax: +1.905 -303 -7256 email: [email protected]
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USA
CHINA MP FILTRI USA Inc.
MP FILTRI (SHANGHAI) CO LTD Tel: +1.215 - 529 -1300
Tel: +86.21- 58919916 Fax: +1.215 - 529 -1902

Doc No: 200.059 Rev:5 01 /14 DCR No 0323 © MP Filtri UK Ltd

Fax: +86.21- 58919667 email: sale [email protected]
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UAE
FR ANCE MP FILTRI UAE
MP FILTRI FR ANCE Tel: +91 9945599899
Tel: +33.1- 40 - 86 - 47- 00 email:[email protected]
Fax: +33.1- 40 - 86 - 47- 09 ht tp://w w w.mpfiltri.com
email: [email protected]
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Ltd.

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